Evaluation of marine priming paints for use on Canadian navy ships

(1)

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Evaluation of marine priming paints for use on Canadian navy ships

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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA D I V I S I O N OF BUILDING RESEARCH

EVALUATION OF MARINE PRIMING P A I N T S FOR USE ON CANADIAN NAVY S H I P S by John H a r r i s ANALYZED R e p o r t N o .

143

o f the D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h O t t a w a June

1958

(3)

PREFACE

An e a r l i e r r e p o r t , DBR NO, 63 issued i n May 1955, described t h e p r e p a r a t i o n and l a b o r a t o r y study of c e r t a i n priming p a i n t s a s t o s u i t a b i l i t y f o r marine work. The p r e p a r a t i o n of p a n e l s f o r outdoor marine exposure was a l s o described. These panels, a f t e r exposure a t marine s i t e s a t S a y v i l l e and Shearwater have now been examined and t h e p a i n t system8 evaluated, This work has been c a r r i e d out a s an a s s i s t a n c e t o t h e Canadian Government S p e c i f i c a t i o n s Board i n t h e improvement of marine priming p a i n t s p e c i f i c a t i o n

1 - ~ ~ - 4 8 ~ .

The cooperation extended by t h e National Lead Company i n making a v a i l a b l e t h e f a c i l i t i e s a t t h e i r t e s t s i t e a t S a y v i l l e , and by t h e s t a f f of t h e Naval Research Establishment i n connection with t h e exposures a t Shearwater was of very g r e a t a s s i s t a n c e i n t h e

e v a l u a t i o n of t h e p a i n t s studied,

Ottawa,

June 1958.

N,B. Hutcheon,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table I Table I1 Table

N

Table V Table V I Table V I I Table V I I I Table IX Table X Table X I Table X I 1 Table X I 1 1 Conclue ions Appendix

E f f e c t s Observed on Shearwater Panels

4

E f f e c t a Observed on Shearwater Panels

Top Coated with Grey P a i n t (1-GP-61) 10 Numerical Rating of Panels Exposed a t

Shearwater f o r

14

Months (One Coat

Primer ) 16

Numerical Rating of Panels Exposed a t Shearwater f o r

14

Months (Two C o a t s

Primer ) 19

Numerical Rating of Panels Exposed a t Shearwater f o r 14 Months (One Coat

Primer and One Coat Grey P a i n t )

₂₃

Numerical Rating o f Panela Exposed a t

Shearwater f o r

14

Months (Two Coats

Primer and One Coat Grey P a i n t ) 26 Numerical Rating of Panels Exposed a t

S a y v i l l e f o r 9 Months (one Coat and

Two Coats primer) 29

Numerical Rating of Panela Exposed a t

S a y v i l l e f o r 9 Months (One Coat Primer, One Coat Grey P a i n t and Two Coats

Primer, One Coat Grey P a i n t ) 32 Numerical Rating of Panels Exposed a t

S a y v i l l e f o r 6 Months (One Coat primer)

35

Combined Mean Rating of Shearwater Panels

37

Combined Mean Rating of S a y v i l l e Panels

38

Ranking of P a i n t s According t o Merit

f o r Each System 39

Rankiw of P a i n t s According t o Merit

f o r ~ 1 1 systems 40

P a r t I: S t a t i s t i c a l Analysis of R e s u l t s (Tables A - I t o A - V I )

P a r t 11 ( a ) Cornposit i o n , I d e n t i f i c a t i o n and Coding of P a i n t s Tested

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Appendix Part 11 (b) Basio Formulas f o r Priming (Continued) Paints Studied

( 0 ) Calculat ions f o r Panel Rating ( d ) Proposed Formula f o r Marine

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EVALUATION OF MARINE PRIMING PAINTS FOR USE ON CANADIAN NAVY SHIPS

by

John Harrie

T h i s work was undertaken on behalf of t h e Canadian Government S p e c i f l o a t i o n s Board t o e v a l u a t e a number of marine priming p a i n t formulations t o a s s i s t i n t h e improvement of

s p e c i f i c a t i o n 1-GP-48, The f i r s t phase of t h i s work covering t h e formulation of t e n priming p a i n t s , t h e methodo of t e s t and t h e r e s u l t s of l a b o r a t o r y t e s t s conducted on them was

r e p o r t e d i n DBR Report No.

63.

The second phase of t h i s work, t h e examination and r a t i n g of panels exposed a t t i d e w a t e r

exposure s i t e s a t Shearwater, Nova S a o t i a , and S a y v i l l e , Long I s l a n d , N. Y,, i s now r e p o r t e d .

A t a b l e l i s t i n g t h e p a i n t s used, t h e i r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , and t h e b a s i c formulas i s found on page A-9 of t h e Appendix.

The panels exposed c o n s i s t e d of two i d e n t i c a l s e t s of

60 panels prepared by dipping. Hot r o l l e d 3116-in, p l a t e was used f o r t h e panels; two t y p e s of s u r f a c e s were used, t h o s e with o r i g i n a l m i l l s c a l e and t h o s e which were g r i t - b l a s t e d , designated M and

B

r e s p e c t i v e l y . Each panel c o n s i s t e d of

f o u r equal a r e a s , one assigned t o each of t h e f o u r systems used, Panels were prepared i n t r i p l i c a t e . Ftrll d e t a i l s of panel p r e p a r a t i o n a r e given i n Appendix B of DBR Report No,

63,

The p a n e l s were exposed t o t i d e w a t e r c o n d i t i o n s , t h a t

is, f u l l immersion during high t i d e and no immersion but

exposure t o t h e atmosphere a t low t i d e . The d a t e s of exposure and removal were:

S a y v i l l e

-

Exposed, Dec, 2,

1954.

Removed, Sept.

13,

1955. Shearwater

-

Exposed, Jan. 25, 1955. Removed, Mar,

15,

1956,

Early i n t h e exposure p e r i o d , a n o i l d e p o s i t on t h e water a t t h e Shearwater s i t e coated t h e p a n e l s f o r t h e f u l l exposure time, This o i l was removed p r i o r t o t h e examination of t h e panels.

Method of Evaluatina Panels

Panels exposed a t Shearwater were r e t u r n e d f o r evalua- t i o n t o t h e P a i n t Research Laboratory of t h e Division of

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were l o s s of adhesion, b l i s t e r i n g and r u s t i n g ; t h e s e were evaluated on a s c a l e of 100. The a r e a a f f e c t e d was noted and expressed a s a percentage of t h e t o t a l a r e a estimated t o

5

p e r cent.

A r a t i n g of 100 f o r adhesion means f u l l adhesion and any d e c r e a s e i n adhesion i s denoted by a number l e s s t h a n 100 u r n a l l y estimated t o

5

per c e n t of what was considered t o be

t h e f u l l adhesion. This provides t h e m e r i t r a t i n g f o r adhesion. For r u s t i n g and b l i s t e r i n g an i n t e n s i t y r a t i n g of 100 means a complete f a i l u r e from t h e s e e f f e c t s and a r a t i n g of 0 means a complete absence of t h e s e e f f e c t s . The s c a l e used t o a s s e s s t h e i n t e n s i t y of t h e e f f e c t was a s follows: 0 = no e f f e c t ; 10 = t r a c e e f f e c t ; 30 = s l i g h t e f f e c t ; 50 r medium

e f f e c t ; 75 == medium dense e f f e c t ; 100 = complete o r very dense e f f e c t .

For a s s e s s i n g t h e r a t i n g of a p a n e l w i t h r e s p e c t t o freedom from b l i s t e r i n g o r r u s t i n g , it i s necessary t o s u b t r a c t t h e i n t e n s i t y r a t i n g s f o r t h e s e e f f e c t s from 100 t o produce t h e i r r a t i n g o r degree of freedom from t h e s e e f f e c t s .

I n a d d i t i o n t o a s s e s s i n g each e f f e c t , t h e a r e a over which t h a t e f f e c t p r e v a i l e d i s t a k e n i n t o account. An over-

a l l m e r i t r a t i n g f o r t h e e f f e c t and i t s a r e a i s obtained from t h e product of t h e m e r i t r a t i n g of t h e e f f e c t and t h e estimated a r e a over which it ozcurred. To avoid l a r g e numbers i n t h i s c a l c u l a t i o n and, subsequently, i n t h o c a l c u l a t i o n of t h e over- a l l merlt of t h e panol, a l l r a t i n g s were reduced t o decimals.

Since prevalence of r u s t i n g and b l i s t e r i n g o r l o s s of adhesion d i d not always a f f e c t t h e whole a r e a , a c a l c u l a t i o n had t o be made f o r each e f f e c t over t h e a r e a on wnich i t p r e - v a i l e d . Thus, adhesion mignt be unchanged over h a l f t h e a r e a but l o s t over a n estimated h a l f of t h e a r e a bordering t h e

edges of t h e panel. An adhesion merit r a t i n g f o r t h e u n a f f e c t e d a r e a would be assigned i t s f u l l value f o r that a r e a ; f o r t h e a f f e c t e d a r e a a f r a c t i o n d e r i v e d from t h e maximum p o s s i b l e f o r t h a t a r e a would be c a l c u l a t e d by m u l t i p l y i n g t h e merit r a t i n g by t h e a r e a involved.

The t o t a l rating f o r an e f f e c t i s obtained by summing t h e r a t i n g s f o r t h e f r a c t i o n a l a r e a s when t h a t i s necessary, o r from one merit number when t h e e f f e c t i s uniform over t h e whole panol.

Having obtained t o t a l m e r i t r a t i n g s f o r each e f f e c t on t h e p a n e l , t h e o v e r - a l l r a t i n g f o r t h e panel, t a k i n g i n t o account a l l t h r e e e f f e c t s , i s obtained from t h e product of m e r i t r a t i n g s f o r adhesion, b l i s t e r i n g , and r u s t i n g .

(8)

An example of a c a l c u l a t i o n i s g i v e n on page A-10 of t h e Appendix.

Panels exposed a t S a y v i l l e were examined by experienced personnel of t h e National Lead Company a t t h e i r S a y v i l l e

l a b o r a t o r i e s . T h e i r method of r a t i n g d i f f e r e d s l i g h t l y from t h e one j u s t d e s c r i b e d , but t h e r a t i n g s were amenable and were accepted. The main d i f f e r e n c e was i n t h e i r u s e of a 0

-

10 s c a l e , w i t h 1 0 d e s i g n a t i n g no change and 0 denoting complete f a i l u r e . Their terms were p e e l i n g , b l i s t e r i n g and c o r r o s i o n , but a r e e q u i v a l e n t t o t h o s e r a t e d i n t h i s r e p o r t . The r a t i n g s were made on t h e b a a i s of t h e t o t a l a r e a of t h e p a n e l and d i d not d e a l w i t h f r a c t i o n a l a r e a s . The m e r i t r a t i n g s were c a l - c u l a t e d from t h e product of t h e t h r e e r a t i n g s a s g i v e n and were converted t o decimals.

Panels from Shearwater were examined only once a t t h e end of t h e exposure period. . The S a y v i l l e p a n e l s were examined

a t three-month i n t e r v a l s up t o n i n e months, Changes i n t h e f i r s t s i x months were not important and only t h e e f f e c t a noted a f t e r n i n e months were used i n f i n a l comparisons.

The system used

i n

t h i s r e p o r t f o r numerically r a t i n g t h e p a n e l s g r e a t l y f a c i l i t a t e d t h e comparison of t h e p a i n t s and t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h e d a t a by s t a t i s t i c a l methods.

(9)

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SIBARWATER PANELS Panel

-

SS 1 M

1 coat prirner 2 c o a t s primer

Embrittlement and complete l o s s of Ehbrittlement

.

Loss of adhesion 60% area. adhesion over 100% area.

same a s above Embrittlement. Complete l o s s of adhesion 90% a r e a , Adhesion 90% on remaining a r e a . Embrittlement and complete l o s s of B l i s t e r s and l o s s of adhesion 50% of

adhesion. #6-8 b l i s t e r s med,- a r e a from edges, Remainder adhesion

dense 100% area. very good.

Bnbrittlement

,

r u s t b l i s t e r s 90%

l o s s of adhesion 100$ area. Loss of adhesion Flemainder adhesion very good.

15%

from edges, Embrittlement, dense l a r g e b l i s t e r s Loss of adhesion on 10% a r e a i n and l o s s of adhesion 100% area. corner. Remainder very good. Dense l a r g e ringworm b l i s t e r s with Loss of adhesion 10% a r e a from r u s t . Adhesion 50% of area. edge. Remainder very good.

Few l a r g e ringworm b l i s t e r s . Loss Complete l o s s of adhesion 40% from of adhesion 95% of area. edge.

Marked l o s s of adhesion 100% area. Marked l o s s of adhesion 50% area, S l i g h t l o s s of adhesion 50% area. S l i g h t l o s s of adhesion 80% a r e a . Complete l o s s of adhesion 30% from S l i g h t embrittlement. edges. Remainder a r e a , adhesion 90%. Loss of adhesion 100% area. Large Loss of adhesion 25% a r e a from edges. b l i s t e r s . Embrittlement,

(10)

TABLE

I

( Continued) EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SHEARWATER PArSELS

1 coat primer 2 coats primer

Panel

SO 2B Adhesion

25%

for total area. Large ringworm blisters 100% area,

Embrittlement and loss of adhesion 40%

from edges, Remainder adhesion

90%.

Loss of adhesion

60%

area, Remainder of area adhesion

90%.

Blisters and complete loss of adhesion for

90%

area.

Loss of adhesion

50%

area,

Loss of adhesion 10% area from edges. Remainder

90%.

SSO 1M

Embritt lement and loss of adhesion

5%

area from edges, Embrittlement and loss of adhesion

50%

area,

I

Adhesion

85%.

rn

I

Loss

of

adhesion

(5%

area from edges. Blistering, embrittlement, and

loss of adhesion

75%

area.

Med, ringworm wrinkle 100$ area, Adhesion very good

(90%).

Loss of adhesion

( 5 %

area from edges, same as above

same as above Loss of adhesion 2% area at edge,

#9 rust blisters fex-1-med, 100% area. Loss of adhesion

50%

area,

Ehbrittlernent and loss of adhesion

30%

area, Remainder

85%.

#9 rust blisters, med. 100% area. Loss of adhesion

15%

area along edges. Remainder

80%.

Loss of adhesion

80$

area from edges. Remainder

85s.

#9

rust blisters med,-dense.

100% area, Loss of adhesion and

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TABLE I (Continued) EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SHEARWATER PAKELS Panel

P 1 B

1 coat primer 2 c o a t s primer

Dense r u s t b l i s t e r s 100% area. Loss of adhesion 50% a r e a from edges. Remainder 90%.

Med, #6-8 rust b l i a t e r s 100% area. Loss of adhesion 50% a r e a from edges. Adhesion very good. Remainder 90%.

Few

#6

r u s t b l i s t e r s . Adhesion very good.

Dense r u s t b l i s t e r s 10% area. same as above

Dense

#6

b l i s t e r s with r u s t .

Loss o f adhesion and embritt lement

40%

a r e a from edges. Remainder 90%.

Dense

#6

b l i s t e r s 100$ area. Embrittlement. Adhesion 50%. Dense f l a t #6-8 b l i s t e r s 90% area.

S l i g h t embrittlement. Adhesion 50%. #6 f l a t b l i s t e r s 90% area.

Embritt lement

.

Adhealon 75%. Dense #8 f l a t r u s t b l i s t e r s 60% Med.-flat

#8

b l i s t e r s 100$ area. area. S l i g h t embrittlement. Loss of adhesion c h i e f l y of t o p

Adhesion 805, primer coat

95%

area.

Med, #6 r u s t b l i s t e r s 50% area, Med, -dense #6-9 r u s t b l i s t e r s 100% Slight embrit t lement

.

Adhe s ion 90%. area. Adhesion 70%.

Dense #8 r u s t b l i s t e r s 100% area. Dense #8 b l i s t e r 6 100% area. Loss

Adhesion 75%. of adhesion 90% area.

Med. b l i s t e r s , Loss of adhesion. Few b l i s t e r s

5%

a r e a along edges. Embrittlement 90% a r e a ,

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TABLJ3

I

(Continued)

Panel

S 2M

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON Sl3URWATER PAIELS

1 coat primer 2 coats primer

Med. blisters. Loss of adhesion. No change, mbrittlement 90% area.

Med. blisters. Loss of adhesion. Loss of adhesion

<

5%

area from edges. Ehbrit t lement 100% area, Adhesion

90%.

Med. #6 blisters 100% area, Adhesion

85%.

Medo-dense blisters 100% area. Adhesion good

.

Dense #6 blisters 100$ area.

Fmbrittlernent and loss of adhesion,

No change. Adhesion

90%.

Loss of adhesion and embrittlement

5%

area along edges. Adhesion 90%.

same as above.

t

Dense blisters 100% area. Loss of Loss of adhesion 50% area. Remainder adhesion 100% area, Embritt lernent

,

adhesion 25%.

same as above Loss of adhesion 50% area, Remainder adhesion

50%~

Embrittlement,

Same as above, and rust

80%

area. Loss o f adhesion along sides 10% area.

Remainder adhesion

80%.

Med. -dense

#8

rust blisters 100% No change. Adhesion

80%~

area. Slight loss adhesion,

Dense

#8

rust blisters 100% area. No change. Adhesion

SO$,

Fmbrittlement

.

Adhesion 25%.

(13)

s a g a a d

4Jdd

d r l 4

(14)

TABU3 I (Continued)

Panel

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SHEARWATER PANELS

1 coat primer 2 coats primer

L 1 M Med, -dense #8 r u s t b l i s t e r s 100% Dense #8 f l a t b l i s t e r s 100% area. area. Adhesion 50% of area 70$. Adhes ion 80%.

Adhesion 50% of a r e a 30%.

2M Loss of adhesion

40%

area. No change, Adhesion 80%. Remainder adhesion 80%. Rnbritt lement

,

b l i s t e r e along edge.

3 M

Loss of adhealon 50% of middle area. Remainder adhesion 70%. Embrittlernant

,

same a s above

1B Med.-dense

#8-6

b l i s t e r s 90% area. No change, Loss of adhesion 80% area.

2B Dense

#b

b l i s t e r s 100% area. Loss No change. Adhesion

loo'$,

of adhesion 50% area. Embrittlement.

Remainder adhesion 70%.

3B

Medodense l a r g e b l i s t e r s 100% area. Loss adhesion one edge 10% a r e a , Remainder adhesion 70%. Remainder adhesion 10%.

M

-

m i l l s c a l e i n t a c t .

(15)

!i

a C: d a E Q) Pf m k 0 ( 6 - o m

!lz

P 69. 0 5 ma, c k 0 4 a by I D 0 .co a r l cd d k 0 0 4 aJ m a, a d o a 4 at

k

a d d

8

Q) 0; cd

b

E

A- E: 0 d m O M d m au' d d 9-r 0 O d m m a, m a o a 4 cd

(16)

TABLE I1 (continued)

Panel SSO 1M

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SmARWATER PANELS TOP C W E D W l T H GREY PAINT (1-GP-61)

1 coat primer

Embritt lement and loss of adhesion Ehbrittlement and loss of adhesion

( 5 %

10% area along edges. area along edge. Embrit t lement and loss of adhe sion

25% area along edges.

same as above

same as above No change.

Blisters and loss of adhesion

80%

area,

same as above

LOBS

of adhesion 10% area along edges. Remainder

90%.

Blisters and loss of adhesion 50% Loss of adhesion 20% area along area, Remainder adhesion 100%. edges, Remainder 100%.

(17)

Panel

P

3B

TABLE I1 (Continued)

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SHEARWATER PANELS TOP COATED WITH G m PAINT (1-GP-61)

1 c o a t primer 2 c o a t s primer

B l i s t e r s and l o s s of adhesion 30% Embrittlement and l o s s of a d h e s i o n

a r e a from edges (some i n t e r c o a t ) . 10% a r e a from edges ( p a r t l y i n t e r c o a t ) ,

Remainder adhesion 1 0 0 % ~ Remainder adhesion 100%.

No change, Few p a t c h e s #9 b l i s t e r s , Adhesion

90%.

No change. No change. Adhesion 90$, No change. No change.

Loss i n t e r c o a t adhesion 20% a r e a Loss of i n t e r c o a t a d h e s i o n

5%

a r e a . I

along edges. Remainder

loo$,

Remainder 100%. P _IU

No change, Adhesion 100%. I

No change, Adhesion 100%.

Loss of i n t e r c o a t adhesion 25% a r e a Loss of i n t e r c o a t a d h e s i o n

<

5%

a r e a .

along edges. Primer adhesion 90%. Primer adhesion 90%.

Med,-dense small b l i s t e r s 10% a r e a Loss of adhesion along .side. along edge.

Loss of adhesion 40% a r e a along edges. Loss o f adhesion 10% a l o n g edge, Dense #9 b l i s t e r s 10% a r e a along edges. No change,

No change. No change,

Few b l i s t e r s along edge. No change,

(18)

TABLE I1 (Continued)

Panel PA 1M

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SREARWATER PANELS TOP COATED

WITH GREY

PAINT (1-GP-61) 1 coat primer

Blistering along edges. Alligatoring in one corner, Adhesion

40%

on

99b

of area.

#4-6

blisters

50%

area.

Embrittlement

,

Adhesion

50%.

Dense

#4

blisters

50%

area and

alligatoring. Loss of adhesion

25%

area. Remainder adhesion

85%.

Med. -dense

#8

rust blisters 100%

area. Embrittlement and loss of adhesion 10% area.

Dense

#6-8

blisters

30%

area. Embrittlement

.

Adhesion

90%.

Dense

#6-8

blisters 60% area.

Embrittlement and loss of adhesion

60%

area (under blisters).

Marked embrittlement, Adhesion over total area 10%.

same a s above

Marked embrit tlement

.

Adhesion

90%

area

50%.

#6

blisters

10%

area at edges. Slight loss of adhesion.

2

coats primer

Loss of adhesion

15%

area in corner. Remainder

25%.

Loss of adhesion 2074 area.

(19)

Panel

C 2B

TABLE I1 (continued)

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SHEARIJATER PANELS TOP COATED

WITH

GREY PAINT (1-GP-61)

1 coat primer

Slight blistering along edge, Adhesion 80%.

2 coats primer

No change. Slight embrittlement and loss of adhesion.

Blistering. Embrittlement and loss No change. Slight embritt lement and of adhesion

5%

area, Remainder loss of adhesion.

adhesion 70%. Marked embrittlement,

Med.-dense

#9

blisters 10% area No change, Slight loss of adhesion

along edge, and embrittlement.

No change, No change.

#6-8

blisters area along No change. Adhesion 100%. ~

edge, Adhesion

Med,-dense

#9

blisters 10% area No change. along edge. Adhesion go+$,

No change, No change.

No change. No change,

Few #4-6 blisters top 1/3 area. No change,

(20)

TABLE I1 ( c o n t i n u e d )

EFFECTS OBSERVED ON SHEARWATER PANELS TOP COATED WITH GREY PAINT ( 1 4 P - 6 1 )

Panel 1 coat primer

L 2B _Few

#!+

_{b l i s t e r s a t t o p edge.}

2 c o a t s primer

No change.

3B

F e w b l i s t e r s 1 0 0 % a r e a . L o s s o f No change. adhe s Ion and embr it t lement 40%

a r e a , Remainder adhesion 100%.

M

-

m i l l s c a l e i n t a c t .

(21)

mcu

mm

rlCUm9

Cvm

m

Cz\

mmm Q)mmhJcuo

8 . . .

3

_{o o}

_wmrl

_{r ~ w o o ~ m}

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

--

- -- 6 . 0

m m o m

O O O d

. . .

d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

QrnNdrnr-

d d d 0 0 d d d d d d d d d drlrl 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q,

do

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r l r l d d d d .-- -.-- u\

m

mmmolo

0

m o m

(U

m m o m

( U N N r l d d

. . .

C O o o N d m

m 0 9 m

9U\CUr(mr- 0 0 0 0 0 0 O d d 0 0 0 O d O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

m o m

0 0 0 0 0 0

o o m m o m

( r e

m m m

;1-u\*cou\N

S

o o o o o o 0 o o o

o o m

o o o o o o o o o O O O ( r O O 0

2

d r l d d d rl O O U ' rlrl

2

r- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r l d d d d r l d d d 0 0 0 0 0 0

m o o o o o o o m m o o o

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u'OcOOO<r

m m r - a 0 0 0 u \ o m o o o

la

,,,,,,

r( d r l r l d r l rI d r l d

(22)

0 0 0 0 0 0 . . * . . a r l r l r l r l r l r l 0 0 0 0 0 0 o'o'cPoo0 r l r l r l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r l r l r l r l r l r l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r l r l r l r l r l r l

(23)

I-,

2

H I-,

E4

m

E!

W

F?

0 0

.

r l r l 0

.

00

..

0 rl r l r l rl

(24)

TABLE

IV

NITMERICAL

RATING

OF PANELS EXPOSED AT SHEARWATER FOR

4

MONTHS

!

Two C o a t s P r i m e r

P

f I I I I Over-a1

1

panel

I

, Adhesion

f

B l i s t e r i n g

1

Rustin g

I

R a t i

1

Area Tenacity Rating(A)

I

Area Density Rating(B) J Area Density Rating(R)I _{( A S x R )}

None l e 0 l o 0 100 None 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 None l e 0 l a 0 1.0 None 1 . 0 1.0' 1eo 1.0

(25)

TABLE

IV

(continued)

N U I E R I C A L RATING OF PANELS EXPOSED AT SHEARWATER FOR

14

MONTHS Two Coats Primer

1 i Over-211

I

Panel Adhesion Blistering Rustin? Rat i n y

Area T e n a c i t y Hating(A) Area Density Ratfng(B), Area Density Rating(R) ( A x B ; S )

SSO 1M 90

' 10

1

*o

! _None _1.0 I _None 1.0 _1.0

1.0 1*0

None 1 , O

1

None loo

I SE 114 100 224 100

374

loo 1B

95

213 100

3a

4 90 + intercoat

(26)

rl cl F: 1 4 %

k % %

3 E 4 -- - - . - - - - - --- - bP--- m 0' 9 \D 9 S m C U CU

( r 0 W

e . . 0 . . e . . dcd O r l r l rlrl rl rl rl rl rlrlrl rlrlrl rlrlrl

k h

a*-( 0 0 0 0 0 0 rl cd Q, m o o 0 0 0 1-1 k p, m 9 rd 0 U 0 $ B

dz

+ *

r l m r l c m a , -.. 1 -. . A

---

-- h iQ U M1 m --.

%

4 - Q Crd a d 4 I I rl Q)

2

PC - - -

-

h 4 .r/

3

9 \D Q m w m C U CU

4 OO'CD (ra rl CU c- Q)ma mmyc (r(rrc

.Q 0 0 .

..

.

. .

. a . e . . 0 . . cd r l o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A a 4 Q>o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00' 0'0' 0' '0 CU 'Ln cDQ)'LnQ UIQ)Q) ( r c T F rl a E l cd a, o o m m o m m m ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 & o o v ( r 0 '0 mmmmrl(r000 O O ( r r l 0 O O 4 rlrl rl r l r l d rlrl rlrlrl - --

--

-- XX22 m

5 x

z

m a n m a n d

98

rn CU cr\ r l C U r n r l w m &(Urn a

2

'3 - - ---- - -- . - - - - . - -

(27)

00000 oa3000 000 rl r l r l r l rl 0 0 0 0 000 r l r l r l

(28)

, p 1M ! 10 0 069

I

1.0 0.9

1

I 21112

!

10 0 0.9

1

None 1.0

3rd

r

15

o

0.85 1.0 1.0 0.85 0.9

i

T A B U V

NUmRICAL RATING OF PANELS EXPOSED AT SREARWATER FOR l.!+ MONTHS

I

One Coat Primer

1 One Coat Grey Paint

100 0 0 " 0 0 0 0 0 0.85 l5 10

o

0.90

5

0 0.95 15 0 0.85 1 ru W 1 3B I

5

0 0.95

1

1.0

I

1.0 0.95

1

Area Density Rating(B)

1.0 1.0 None 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 None 1.0 0.80 I 1.0 0.90

j

1 1.0 0.57 I ! 1.0 0.18

1

i 1.0 0.90 I i 1.0 0.75 1.0 1.0 None 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 SO 1M 2~

3M

1B 213 30 0 04 70 50

o

0.40 50 80 20 0 0.80 0 0.90

E

0 0.57 95

3B

80

0 0.18

i

20 90 I SSO 1M

1

10 0 0.90 2M

i

25 0 0.75

(29)

cum

.

k

id 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o m o o o o mom moo^ o

ammmrc oooocuoocu 2 o o o mocur-do*

(30)

TABLE V (continued)

NUPBRICAL R A T I N G OF FANELS EXPOSED AT SHEARWATER FOR 14 MONTHS

1

.O

1

0.83 23

:

loo 80 0.8 10 10 0.99

I

1.0

5 o

0.67

1

O

I.O

i

I.0

1 ::a97

3B

95 70

i

'

0.83 2M 100 100 1.0

!

0 0 1.0 1.0 I I 1.0

31{

100 100 1.0 I ' 0 0 1.0 i None 1.0 1.0 1B 10 0 0.9 10 0.96 1 1 a0 0.86

35

10 2B 100 0 1.0 10 0 .?9 4 1.0 0399 1

3B

'

f

o r l r l r l o o $1 -- -- d rl a PC m 0 0

.

0:

q o q

00 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0

.

0 0 0 0 0 0

...

FIoj rl rl 0 r l r l r l d r l r l rl r l r l r l r l r l r l +,

u

U

i

dim r i i !z 0 0 0 rl In Q Q) a 0

Q

Z h

a d o 0 0 0 m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

a

d 0 0'

ss

a o ' m 0 0 0 rl

4 $

r l r l r l 0 0 0 0 m m 0 0 c U 0 0 0 m 0 0 0 0 0 m o o o m m

I-..-

f

-

U\U\SJ.s

0'4d

c u = l - s r l r l C r \ c - d - 9 0 0 0 r l r l r l v

-

...-- 1 ... I... . . - . . . . . . . . . .

(32)

A bd- I - i h o o o r l om o'O\u'Q -0. ocrooocr

%

_{* * * . . * . . . * * .} o'croooo

...

S I X 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 r l o r l r l r l o 0

"II

O O r l r l d r l

I l k

0 0 0 0 . b . . rlrlrlrl I 3 4 P; GI 4 U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o U \ o m U \ 0 0 0 0 0 0

I 1;

rldrlrlcrhld rlrlrl O O 0

SVP

d d O O O O rlrlrlrl H a E3

F2

%

t o E: O O O d o m d 0 \ O \ C P c O COO. O C r O O O C r ( r o \ O O O O _{* * . . * .}

. . .

_d _{0 0 0 0} _{0 0 r l O r l r l d 0} _{o o r l r l r l r l} IP; a, s o

2

A h .P a d

Q

"

*

0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ O O O l i , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$

cr 0 - 0 0 cr 0 0 0 0 r l r l r l rlrlrlrl

(33)

d d

- - - - I

-

_P;

_i

U

I

2'

d 0 0 0 000 000000 00000 O O O O O Q .Q • • • * O * . 0 . . . 6 0 . 0 - b . . O . O

i

cd rl rl d d d d d d d d d d d d r l d d r l d d d d d b

1 gX

r c h

2

i C Q)

2

Q) a w - FI cd E

i2

B

::

a

f

a (D -P rO (d d

7

-P l-i k MI I a

.

w o a d 4 h, d cd 0 m d d *r4 E I X

3"

2

k mc!J

2 -

_{o a} U O u 4 %

8

d 0 0 0

.

000 l 0 . . 000000 00000 000000 0 . . 0 . . * r e . . . e . . . e

%

d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d

g h

q - 9 a * d m d G 0 cP 0 ) 0

r z x a a m

r r g ~ g

s z ~ s m g

m C 4 a d(UCC,dNCr\ d m PI PI U

Y

GI a

E

f3

l3

ad R R la; z5

z

4

---

-- -- -- h 4 Y m

3

d 0 d m o a Pcmmm m m m 4 c\1 A - a C D O \ P ~ ddO\pCPm m o m m o O O Q O O O 42 • • • * * * e m . . . . . a * . . o . . o e . . ~ rd 0 0 0 000 000000 0 d O O d A d d d d d

P

G.!?

_{a d} S O 0 m 0 0 0 m m 0 0 0 o o o m m m m o m m o 000000 aJ cu

m

Q3aOm cD ~ ~ V \ O \ O \ O \ OcOO\CP~ 000000

9

d Arlrlddd E id m m o o m m o o m m o o m o o o 00000 000000 d * W m m o o 0. 00 000 00000 000000 drl d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d r l

--

- - --.--.---

(34)

B

s

k 0 0 u o 3 --

5 a

a h m I d M O

7-34

$-$%

g n q

P 4 Y ..-- 4

_*-

O U k - u

3

4 k- a m Q - B : rl CQ

2'

4 - 0 - a, PC --- n

rn

rl I

x's

4 4 H

8 %

gPq

P4 U ---

r5

4 m- o v k- k 0 v

m

*ma r-r-m Srlmr-mr- or-r-8cu~ a ~ b m A o o o o o o 000000

. . .

rlooomm (UcuC\Ia*m 000000 000000 o o o o o o o o o o o o 000000 dddrlrld m-arlaDm r-mm000' r-tddrldd d rl rlooooo m r l r l ~ a j ~ m 9 p c 9 rlrlrldrlt-~ ddddrl

cs\dC"3*-yC bm@aDOO 060.000' Fy\aDFFY\

rlrl rl drl

a m m

3cuCucuss * d o PC m*maDr-* ~ d l - t d r l

. . . * * . . .

m maDom0'm rlorlooo 000000 000000 00rl000 000000 , mmmrlrlcl r - c ~ w o c m c mrlmrldd rl

i

2'

0 4 k- o m

%-

4 r-l In

8'

4 - a- P, P4 --- ' L C \ U \ ~ Q O O

a m m m m m

r-oooor- ~ O ~ O O O rldr-l rlddrl rl drld m 0 0 0 0 0 om0'OIOIm u'0'0006 9 p c a a D r - r - d d d d r l d ddrl ---

-

----

---

(35)

0 0 c, C ' O 0

(36)

T A B U V I I (continued)

NUIGRICAL RATIfiG OF PANELS EXPOSED AT SAYVILLE FOR 9 MONTHS

M

-

m i l l s c a l e i n t a c t . B

-

g r i t - b l a s t e d . I Panel , LE

0 i

SM

6B

L w

SM

I I I 6B

Two Coats Primer

Over-a 1

Peeling B l i s t e r i n g Corrosion

/

Rat ink

( P I ( B ) (C) ~ ( ~ x ~ x c x l o - 3 ) One Coat Primer

1 Over-a Peeling B l i s t e r i n g corrosion

1

Rati;'

(P) ( B ) ( C ) ; ( ~ x B x c x l o - 3 ~ 1 10

;

7

5

9

5

8

10 1

Z

8

1

8

1

4

9

7

9

6

8

-I

(37)

. d o 0 ' U\ cum

.

O \ A - U \ r - O ~ 9

.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - .- - -. . - F F Q ) ( U O O 0 ' 9 c D 0 ' 0 ' a 3 rlrl 0'Q)0'000' r l r l

zxzmrna

z z rna

r l N m r l N r ?

sU\9%u\9

(38)

0O\0000 d d d d r l i-i b cOO\o\OQIO 00QI000 d rl r l d d r l d OOOOCUcr\ d d d r l

(39)

TABLE V I I I (Continued)

NUMERICAL

RATING OF PANELS EXPOSED AT SAWILLE FOR 9 MONTHS

Peeling B l i s t e r i n g corrosion! Rating Peeling B l i s t e r i n g ~ o r r o s i o n

!

Rating

1

!

(PI

(B) ( C )

'

(Px~xcxl0-3)! ( P ) (B) (C)

'

( ~ * ~ x c x l 0 - 3 ) ;

One Coat Primer

1

M

-

d l l s c a l e i n t a c t .

Two Coats Primer

B

-

grit-blasted.

One Coat Grey Paint One Coat Grey Paint

(40)

TABLE

IX

N U r n R I C A L

RATING

OF PANELS EXPOSED AT SAYVILLE FOR

6

MONTHS

I

I-

One Coat Primer

Ovor-a11 Rating

( P X B X C X ~ O

"3

)

I

Peeling B l i s t e r i n g Corrosion ( P I ( B ) ( C )

(41)

TABLE I X (Continued) NUMERICAL

RATING

OF PANELS EXPOSED

AT

SAWILLE FOR

6 MONTHS

One Coat Primer

Over - a l l Rating

(PxBxCxlO-3)

1.0 100 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 Panel Peeling B l i s t e r i n g Corrosion

sso

M

4 5M

G

5B

6B

p

0 5M

( p )

0

B

0

_C 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10

8

10 10

9

3 6B

4M

9 SB

6B

L 4 M

5 M

6B

10 I 0

₇

0.7 9 10 10 009 9 I O 20 Oe9 9 I 0 PO 0.9 10 10 10 1.0 10 9 10 009 10 10

E

0.9 10

il

0.09 10 0.16 10

3

0.09 10 10 10 1.0 10 10 10 1.0 10 10 10 1.0 10 10 I 0 100 10 10 10 100 I 0 10 10 1 e0

(42)

* rl *

9 I

.

a 0

. .

. . a a, 0 0 O O O d O o o r l Q k *c3 cd 0 4= brl a o a m r - @CD u a ;E: a * 0 a . "a"e:+.

???

g u

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o r l I 3 a, F: 0 .A-

-

" d *.i

&

t?

k

* a

cd o*, 0 cd 0

2"

0 Q) E= 0

-

k

g 4 k PI 01 Q 6 o u

!2

I 3

2

Ei

2

_F4 V a 0 0

od

o o d r l o 0 0 0 Oa3LccUo. mw;f E

zgh

LO*mmf N o * . a . 0 . . 0 e . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Corn b C D ( V b 0.b m a o c o s o.om

.

0 . e . 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

*

8 h rl;f k m m r l r ~ Z r l ~ a

q'vo\

~ 0 a o m c ? r l r - r l ' ~ \ ~ ) e . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w Y a mmcoa ,x, 0

.

j - m o d . * . a

3 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 h mrlQ)mrlc? ~ O ' V \ r l O d mm * e m . . . o w

:

a . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V 0 0 0 i Q G 4 cd & 0 coo cn W 4 "I* _---* P t " I " l P ( U Y d

(43)

(44)

T A B r n X I 1

R A h T I N G OF P A I N T S ACCORDING TO M E R I T FOR EACH SYSTEM

T w o C o a t s P r i m e r One C o a t G r e y Enamel L SE

1

SSO)

s

1 ss

P

i SE

I

9 PA lo LE

_P

i

_P

SSO

I

C S

L

I

! SO SS C

L

5

6

S SSO PA SO IIE SS I

7

P

8

1 SE

(45)

(46)

B y cumulative p r o g r e s s i v e surnraation of ranlcings of

each p a i n t i n t h e columna i n Table X I I I , t h e o r d e r of m a r i t g i v e n below was reached,

1. SSO 2. S

2:

:o

5.

p 6, LE 7. PA

8.

SE 9.

ss

10. C

f o r t h e Shearwater p a n e l s a f t e r

14

months and,

1. SSO 2.

s

f o r t h e S a y v i l l e p a n e l s a f t e r 9 months.

The agreements between t h e two exposures a r e good except t h a t C and P change p l a c e s i n t h e s c a l e ,

Discussion

The f o u r p a i n t s SSO, S, L and S O , shotm i n Table X I 1 1 t o be t h e b e s t of t h e t e n , were g i v e n a s e p a r a t e t r e a t m e n t , They were s u b j e c t e d t o s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s i s t o determino whether s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e e x i s t e d between t h e p a i n t s and t h e e f f e c t s of t h e v a r i o u s f a c t o r s . T h i s a n a l y s i s i s g i v e n i n d e t a i l i n t h o Appendix; t h e comparisons which were drawn, follow.

Tables A - I 1 1 and A-IV show t h a t t h e r e a r e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s between t r e a t m e n t s and h i g h l y s i g n i f i c a n t

d i f f e r e n c e s between p a i n t s and between l o c a t i o n s ,

The d i f f e r e n c e s between l o c a t i o n s may b e explained b o t h by d i f f e r e n t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s of r a t i n g s , s i n c e t h e

S a y v f l l e p a n e l s were examined and r a t e d by d i f f e r e n t people t h a n were t h e Shearwater p a n e l s , and a l s o by t h e d i f f e r e n c e

(47)

i n exposure time and s e v e r i t y between t h e two s i t e s . No g r e a t emphasis i s placed on t h i s f a c t o r because b o t h s i t e s t e n d t o r a t e t h e p a i n t s i n t h e same order ( g e n e r a l l y , t h e r e i s no s i g n i f i c a n t i n t e r a c t i o n between p a i n t s and l o c a t i o n s ) .

There a r e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s between t h e panel p r e p a r a t i o n s . The performance of t h e p a n e l s i s i n f l u e n c e d by t h e system of p r o t e c t i o n used. With one c o a t of primer only, p a n e l s w i t h m i l l s c a l e g i v e b e t t e r p r o t e c t i o n ; w i t h t h e m l t i c o a t system t h e g r i t - b l a s t e d p a n e l s t e n d t o g i v e b e t t e r p r o t e c t i o n . The r e a s o n f o r t h i s e f f e c t i s d i s c u s s e d more f u l l y on page A-8 under Table A-VI.

The most important f a c t o r i s t h a t h i g h l y s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s e x i s t between t h e p a i n t s themselves. It i s shown t h a t SSO i s b e t t e r t h a n e i t h e r S, L and SO i n a s i n g l e c o a t . There a r e no confirmed d i f f e r e n c e s between S, L and SO. When used a s s i n g l e c o a t s t h e o r d e r of m e r i t SSO, S, L, S O and t h e

s u p e r i o r i t y of SSO over t h e remaining t h r e e a r e v e r i f i e d . For t h e m l t i c o a t systems, t h e r e i s not s u f f i c i e n t information t o a s s e s s completly t h e r e l a t i v e v a l u e s of a l l p a i n t s . Presumably, t h i s i s because t h e term of exposure was i n s u f f i c i e n t

.

Conclusions

Priming p a i n t SSO which has a n oil-oxtended v e h i c l e

i s considered t h e b e s t priming p a i n t , p a r t i c u l a r l y when used alone.

The f o u r b e s t p a i n t s a r e SSO, S, L and SO. The l a s t t h r e e a r e not proved t o d i f f e r among themselves.

There a r e d i f f e r e n c e s i n performance of p a i n t s on g r i t - b l a s t e d p a n e l s and p a n e l s w i t h m i l l s c a l e i n t a c t but t h e

s u p e r i o r i t y of one t r e a t m e n t over t h e o t h e r depends on whether one-coat o r m u l t i c o a t systems a r e used.

If t h e i n t a c t m i l l s c a l e i s considered e q u i v a l e n t t o one coat of p a i n t t h e advantage of g r i t - b l a s t i n g becomes e v i d e n t i n a l l i n s t a n c e s .

S i n le-coat a p p l i c a t i o n s cannot be r e l i e d on f o r more t h a n about

%

months p r o t e c t i o n . P r o t e c t i o n i n excess of one y e a r can be expected from m u l t i c o a t systems.

Recommendations

An oil-extended v e h i c l e i n a f o r m u l a t i o n t y p i f i e d by SSO i s recommended a s t h e b a s i s f o r Canadian Government

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S p e c i f i c a t i o n s Board s p e c i f i c a t i o n

1 4 ~ - 4 8 ,

This formula is given on page A-10 of the Appendix.

Work should be continued on t h e e v a l u a t i o n of t h e b e s t priming p a i n t s over r u s t e d s u r f a c e s ,

Acknowledgments

The w r i t e r wishea t o acknowledge t h e g e n e r o s i t y of t h e National Lead Company i n making a v a i l a b l e t h e i r t e s t - ~ i t e f a c i l i t i e s a t S a y v i l l e , Long I s l a n d , New York, f o r t h e exposure of one s e t of panels and examinations of t h e p a n e l s a t i n t e r v a l s during exposure and a l s o a t t h e end of t h e

expo sure,

G r a t e f u l acknowledgment i s a l s o made t o t h e e t a f f of t h e P a i n t Laboratory of t h e Naval Research Establishment a t Dartmouth, Nova S c o t i a f o r s e t t i n g up a n exposure s i t e t o accommodate t h e panels and f o r exposing and handling t h e s e t of p a n e l s planned f o r t h a t a r e a ,

The w r i t e r a l s o expresses h i s thanks t o M r . B.F, S t a f f o r d of t h e Paint Hesearch Laboratory, D.B,R, f o r t h e c a r e f u l

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APPENDIX

P a r t I: S t a t i s t i c a l Analysis of R e s u l t s

Three systems were s e l e c t e d and f o u r p a i n t s were considered. The systems were:

1. One c o a t primer. 2. Two c o a t s primer.

3.

TWO c o a t s primer and one c o a t grey p a i n t .

The f o u r p a i n t s i n v e s t i g a t e d were S S O , S, L and SO.

This s e c t i o n c o n t a i n s t h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e s and r e l e v a n t d i s c u s s i o n s :

1. Table A-I: Compilation of I n d i v i d u a l R e s u l t s . 2. Table A-11: Compilation of Summed-up Results.

3.

COMPILATION OF I N D I V I D U A L RESULTS

I

One Coat Primer I

I I I

1

Two Coats Primer

paint

1

Shearwater

I

S a y v i l l e

!

I

4

Three Coats

f

I

(Two Coats Primer, One Coat P a i n t )

G r i t - b l a s t ed 1 2

3

_j I Millscale 2

3 i

i

_I

S a g v i l l e j Paint

0.34

0.39 0.13 0,8 0.73 0.57 0.4.3 0.11 0.07 0.071 0.02 0.32 0.32