Properties of some Nova Scotia beach sands

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Properties of some Nova Scotia beach sands

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH

PROPERTIES OF SOME NOVA SCOTIA BEACH SANDS

by

D.C. Tibbetts and J.D. Atkins

Report No.

139

of the

Division of BUilding Researoh

Ottawa

The studies now reported were undertaken as part of the broad program of the Atlantic Regional

station. the objective of which is to ｲ･ｮ､･ｾ assistance

to the construction industry in the Atlantic Provinces. Since this assistance is to be provided mainly in the form of information which can be of use to the industry, the significance of a report such as this which

describes local materials becomes apparent. It Is

the first of many which will be prepared as the work of the Station progresses to put on record and thus make more readily available pertinent data having

special local interest.

Otta1-1a,

PROPERTIES OF SOME NOVA SCOTIA BEACH SANDS by

D.C. Tibbetts and J.D. Atkins

Since the opening of the Atlantic Regional Station in

July

1955,

the laboratory work has been confined to the study

of masonry performance in general and the properties of mortars

in particular. It was thought ､･ｳｩｲ｡｢ｬ･ｾ therefore, to obtain

SOlne data from standard tests on the proporties of sands commonly used in the area.

Some of the sand sources in the Atlantic area are fresh

water deposits, dry banks, and salt ｾ｡ｴ･ｲ beaches. Vfhila more

knowledge about these sources is desirable, the time needed to obtain samples for laboratory examination is not available in

the present program. In the initial work, therefore, it was

decided to limit the sands examined closely to those commonly used in the Halifax area.

Inquiries made in the area indicated that the two chief

sand sources for Halifax wero Chezzetcook and Lawrencetown. These

sands are commonly referred to by the name of their source. It

can readily be seen from the following data that although the sources are only a few miles apart, the properties of the two sands differ widely.

It is interesting to note that the sand more commonly used (Lawrencetoun) has a fineness modulus far below the limits

established by the Canadian Standards ａｳｳｯ｣ｩ｡ｴｩｯｮｾ while the

Chezzetcook sand, which falls within these limits, is considered by the trade to be too difficult to work with and a "poor mortar

sand". Probably more of the Chezzetcook sand is used in concrete

than in mortar. The putty and sand mixture supplied by the L.E.

Shaw ready-mix plant uses the Lawrenoetown sand.

The question of whether to use the sand preferred by the local trade even though it falls outside recognized limits arises when considering a masonry test program for the area.

Some properties of the Arnprior sand shipped to the

Atlantic Regional Station from the Division of Building Researoh,

ｏｴｴ｡ｾ｡ｾ are included for comparison purposeso

The properties of Mahoney Beach sand uhioh resembles the Arnprior sand in appearance, wore also examined and are included

in this reporto Mahonoy Beach is one of the several sand sources

A number of samples of sand from each of the pits were

obtained from local suppliers. Tho results of finenoss modulus

determinations given are representative of the lowost, average and highest moduli obtained.

This report is intended to be merely a convenient record of the data obtained in the laboratory on these few sands and also to be used at some later date to augnrent a more detailed report on the properties of other sands in the Atlantic area.

FINENESS MODULUS

Lawrencetown Sand: Tests Nos.

3,

57,

and

36

from a total of

46

tests.

Sieving time 10 minutes.

Test Sieve

I

wt. Retained

%

Retained

(%

Passing Cumulative

Sizes (gmso)

1v

Retained

No. 3 No.

h

0 0 100 0 -No0

_.

-{3 _{0 0 100 0} (Fig.3,No.l) No. 16 0 0 100 0 NO e '30 002 002 ｾＡＱ 0 HOe

59

12,,2 1.20 2 I::f(06

--r2

ｬｾｯ

0

100

₈₁₁₀₅

8405 301

9.'1

Pass 100 2oJ..!. ,- 2,,4

-

--

109 Fineness Modulus

=

109

=

1.09

roo

Fineness Modulus

=

125

=

1.25 100 No.

₃₆

No.

₄

0

_-

0 100

---No. e 0.2 0.2 990tj

--(Flg.3,No.3) :No0 16 0.6 006 9..202 1 No.

_3°

3.b

'3ob 950b S Noo 50 27-;tj 27"e ｊＲｽｯｾ _3-S No. 100 64.0 6[l.b 302 9 Pass 100 3.2 3.2

--

137 Fineness Modulus

=

137

=

1.37

ioa

3

-ｆｬｎｅｾｲｮｳｳ MODULUS

Chezzetoook Sand: Tests Nos. 102, 66, and 9 from a total of 65 tests. Sieving time 15 minutes.

1'7

t;S t7 VI 260

191.5

161.6 51.0 3.t> Wt. Retained (gmSe) 480 No. It) Sieve Sizes No. l No. () No.-i0 No.--.-20 ｾ ｬｏｾｏＮｉ _ _ｾＺＢＧＺＢ［Ｂ _ _ＭｉＭ｟ｾｾＭ［［Ｇ｟ＭＡ _ _ＭＭＧ［［［［ＧＧＧＺＧＺＧＺＺＧＧ｟ｾ｟ＭＭＭＺＺＧＺＺｾ _ Pass

roo

Test Fineness Modulus

=

260

=

2.60

Too

No. 66 Noo

4

3.3

00

6

99.,!+ 1 No. ts I6.t> 1 ...u

96...

0 ｌｾ (Fig.4,No.2) No. 16 109.3 21 ..t) _7L!-e2 26

No. 30 ITf., 350,+

-3c}-;e

61

-No. _{SO ＱＱｌｊｾＮＶ} 2-100 1t) ../j _t>4 No. 100 7003

14..

0

1-:13

_I

913 Pass 100 2.6 0.6 _"" t 274 Fineness Modulus

=

274

=

2.74

106

No. 9 No. ₄ 7 .. 7 1.6 ＹＸ･ｾＮ 2 lifo.

8

22-;0

4 .. 5

(t5";8 7

(Fig.4,No.3) No. 16 133.5 2bot> 67.6 34

No. 10

flJi

.t>

₁₉

cot> 30a2

11

Noo

5.9

9308 180 8 11e

4-J

90 Noo 100 Sl.t> 10ｯｌｾ

I

1.0

F

:!OO

Pass 100 _ｬｯｌｾ 002

...-:=

_}04

Fineness Modulus

=

3.04

=

ＳＮＰＡｾ

IOU

FINENESS MODULUS

.

Mahoney Beach Sand: Tests Noso 125, 119, and 121 from a total

of 10 testso Sieving time 15 minutes.

Test

No. 12.5 (Fig •.5,No.1) Fineness Modulus ｾ

238

=

2.38

Too

No. 119 (Fig •.5,No.2) Fineness Modulus

=

2v2 =

2.42

106

No. 121 Noo

_ｾｾＭ

0 0

I

100

I

--Noo

₂₃₀₉

Ｔｾｾ ＭＹＮｾ

_".?-

_I ｾ

(Fig •

.5,No.3) Noo lb

4'303

tlｑ｢ｾ

ee

06

I

Ut

No. _ｾＶｊ ｦｩｾＯＭ _{ＲＱｾＲＭｲ ＶｉｾＺｲｌＭｬ} j-'( HOe 50 '2"'''6;0 5$_02__

o

(1Ll

CT2

Hoo 106- ＲﾷＹＮｾ｟Ｓ

578

I .204

I.

_--2[b

-L"u PaSs 100 500 leO J -- I Fineness Modulus

=

2h6

=

2046

onto

5

-FINENESS MODULUS

ｾｲｮｰｲｩｯｲ Sand: Tests Nos. 32 and 33 from a total of 2 tests Sieving time 15 minutes.

Test (Fig.6,No.1) Finonoss Modulus = 250 = 2.50 100 No. 33 (Fig.6,No.2)

Fineness Modulus

=

i68

=

2.51

UNIT ｾｭｉｇｈｔｓ (per cu ft) DRY SAND Using 1/10 cu ft Measure (factor 1.03) Lawrencetovm Chezzetcook Mahoney Beach Arnprior 100.4 1bs 108 Ibs 105.6 1bs 10306 Ibs

SPECIFIC GRAVITIES

(Using Overflow Can Method) Lawrenc e town

Chezzetcook Mahoney Beach Arnprior

PER CENT VOIDS

Using ( «SG x ( SG ( )

62.3t)5) ...

W) x

62.355

)

) where x 100 Lawrencetown Chezzetcook Mahoney Beach Arnprior SG = specific gravity and

W

=

the undt we':;'ght

...

...

ｍａｔｅｾｉａｌ FINER THAN No. 200 SIEVE

(A.S.T.M .... Cl17...

49)

Lawrencetown Chezzetcook Mahoney Beach Arnprior

...

ORGANIC IMPURITIES (A.S.T.Me -

C40-48)

The colour of the liquid above all sands twenty-four hours after the test was taken indicated that these sands have a colour value

- 7 ...

COMBINED

vor.uuss -

LUTE PUTTY:SA1ID

(Ungraded sands in volumes of 1:3 lin:;} putty and sand.)

1:1020 340 Lawr-ence bown Chezzetcook Mahoney Beach Arnprior

Sand _{vei , Putty}

I

_{Vol" Scmd} I. 1.Ha.to.-ＱｾＱＥ Flor:

I

%

Voids

I

Combined

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ｾＨｭｬｾ｟Ｉ __ (mls " )__ｪｾＺＡＱｳ｟Ｂ｟Ｉ ..

L_--'

Vol('l (mls 01

350

I

1,020

I

ISO

I

90

39.2

Too stiff

340 1,020 150 ＱＳｾ 34c6 1.1'100 31-/-o 1.1'020 150 110 3506 1,?070 340 ＱｾＰＲＰ 150 127 3608 ＱｾＰＶＰ

_____________-;

.__

ＭＭＭＭ［ｴｾ

L

! _ 1200 128 -." 1$ 070 Lawrencetiown (passing ｎｏｯＱＶｾ retained on !To. 50) Chozzetcoo1:: 340 10020

-.

3501 1,100 (passing Noo

8 )

Lawrencotoun ₃₄₀ 1,020 19070 (paasing Ho(50)

It appears from the fOTI tests done on conbining putty

with sand that a pattern exists ｢･ｴｾｯ･ｮ per cent voids and total

combined volume, in that sand uith the loast per cent voids had

tho greatest total combined ｶｯＱｬｾＱｯ with putty.

An overflow can ｾ｡ｳ u20d in en attempt to find a qUicker

and perhnps bettor "method of finding the combined volumes. As

tho I'oLLowdng results indic<:"ce" houover-, the mtxt ur-e must have

absorbed considerable vater ｾｩｴｨｯｵｴ approciable ･ｪｾ｡ｮＳｩｯｮ as the

uater displaced by the mixturo only QillOwlted to 720 mIse

ｾｾｺｺ･ｴ｣ｯｯｫ

Tho moisture content of the lime putty used for these

tests U83 ＱＴＹＰＱｾＥ before the mixing TIator TIas added. This putty

,

FIGURE I

UNGRADED LAWRENCETOWN SAND UNGRADED CHEZZETCOOK SAND UNGRADED MAHONEY BEACH SAND

(AR 280)

Figure 2. Grain appearanoe of three sands tested.

--

---/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

,.--- C.S.A. LIMITS

/

NO.1

/ '

/ '

/ '

8

0

ｴＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｉＭＭＭＭＭＭｉＧＭＫＭＭｾｾ｟｟ＫＭＭＭＭＺｌＮＮＭＭ｟Ｋ｟ＭＭＭＭＭＬｌＭＭｉ｟｟ＭＭｾ NO.1 MIN 1'09 NO.2 AVG 1'25 2 0 1 - - - + - - l ' 1 - - - + - . . L . - - _ _ + - -NO.3 M A X I' 3 7 - - - - I

ＱＰＰＱＭＭｉＭＭｉＭＯｾ［［［ｾＷＱＭＭｔＺＺＺｾＧ

O'--_ _-"

...L..._ _...-.L. - l -_ _----IL...-_ _....,j I-Z W u 4 0 ｉＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭｉＭｉｉＭＭｾＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｉＭＭＭｾ 0:: W Q. C> Z (J) (J) 6 0 ｴＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｉＭＭＭｉＭＭｈＫＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｉＭ｟｟ＫＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｉｉ｟｟ＭＭｾ

«

Q. 100 50 30 16 SIEVE SIZES 8 4 FIGURE 3

80t---+---+----+---.:---4+---+---+I-:....----I----1

ｉｏｏｉＭＭｉＭＭｉＺＭＭＭＭｉＭＡｲＺＭＭＭＭＭＺｾｾｾ

NO.1

MIN 2'60 NO.2 AVG 2'74 2 0 ＮＭＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭｆＭＭＭＭＭＯＭＭＺ［ｾｾＭＫＭＭＭ NO.3 MA X 3 •04- - - I C)

z

en en

C.S.A.

ｾ 6 0 ｲＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭｾＺ｟｟｟｟Ｚｬｾｐ］ＭＭＭＺＺＺｉＺＭｦ｟｟ｊＧＭＭＪＢＭＭＭＭＭｴＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｬ to-Z W U a: 4 0 ｴＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭｈｌＮＭＭＭｾｾｾＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭｴＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｬ w o,

O---...-.Io----....I----..L..---L.---l---'

100 50 30 16 SIEVE SIZES 8 4 FIGURE 4

NO.1 MIN 2'38 NO.2 AVG 2'42 NO.3 MAX 2·46 8 0 ｉＭＭＭｾＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＭｬＭＭＭＭＭｊＭＭｾｾ 20 ...---ＭＭＭｴＭＭＺＭｆＭＭＭＭＭＫｾＭＭＭＭＭｉＭＭＭ｟｟｟｟ｪｦ｟｟ＭＭ｟Ｋ｟ＭＭ｟｟｟ｬ ＰＧＢＭＭＭＮＮＮＮＬｋ［ｾ _ _...l.__ _---L ...&.... L...__ ___1 C> Z

-(/) (/) 6 0 ｉＭＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭｾＭｉｬｩＯｊｲＭＭＭ｟Ｋ｟ＭＭＭｉ｟｟ＭＭｾ <{ o, I-Z lL1 U 4 0 ｴＭＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＫＴＭＭＭｉＶＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＮｉＭＭＭＭｉＭＭＭｾｾＭＭ｟｟｟ｬ 0:: lL1 Q. 100 50 30 16 SIEVE SIZES 8 4

FIGURE 5

/

C.S.A.

LIMITS----...r...-\/

/

NO.1 MI N 2·50 2 0 ＱＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＫＭｾＭＭＭｨｎＭＭｯｾＭＭＭＭＭＧＭＭＭｉＭＭＭＭ NO.2 MAX 2'ＵＱＭｾ 8 0 ｉＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＮｊＮＭＭＭＭＭｉＭＭＭＭＭｊｾ｟ＬｌＮＮＮＭＭＭＫＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｬ 100r _ _ _ - - - . - - - - r - - - , - - - , _ - - . . . " " " " " ' " " - - " " ' - " ' C)

z

(J) (J)

«

6 0I - - - + - - - - + - - - I - - - I - - - - I . f - - - , , F - - - l - - - l

a.

t-z

UJ (,) 0:: 40 UJ

a.

ｏＭＭＭＭＭＮＮＮＮＮＮＮＮｉｬｉｉＺＺｾＭＭＮＮＦＮＮＮＮ｟ＭＮＮＮＮＮＮｌＮＮＭＭＭＮＮＦＮＮＮＮＭＭＮＮＮＮＮＮｌＮＮＭ｟ＭＭＭＭｉ 100 50 30 16 SIEVE SIZES 8 4 FIGURE 6