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ReLaCS for systolic programming

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HAL Id: inria-00074691

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074691

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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ReLaCS for systolic programming

Frédéric Raimbault, Dominique Lavenier

To cite this version:

Frédéric Raimbault, Dominique Lavenier. ReLaCS for systolic programming. [Research Report] RR- 1981, INRIA. 1993. �inria-00074691�

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ISSN 0249-6399

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

1 9 9 3

PROGRAMME 1

Architectures parallèles, bases de données, réseaux et systèmes distribués

ReLaCS for Systolic Programming

Fr´ed´eric Raimbault, Dominique Lavenier

N˚ 1981

Mai 1993

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