- OTA ووكيلت ووكشاروأو رئاسلجا AT - ةشارد ينب ةىراقم رئاسلجا تلااصتا ةمادتصلما ةيصفايتلا ةسيلما سيسعتو قيقتح في يركفلا لالما سأر رود 10

ةـيبعشلا ةـيطارقيمدلا ةـيرئاسلجا ةـيروهنلجا ينلعلا ثحبلاو يلاعلا هيلعتلا ةرازو

ةعماـج

10

يريصتلا وولعو ةيراجتلا وولعلاو ةـيداصتقلاا ووـلعلا ةـيلك

ةمادتصلما ةيصفايتلا ةسيلما سيسعتو قيقتح في يركفلا لالما سأر رود

- ةشارد ينب ةىراقم

رئاسلجا تلااصتا ووكيلت ووكشاروأو AT

رئاسلجا - OTA

0210 0213

ريدقتو ركش ريدقتو ركش

أ أ لىاعتّ ُىاحبض للها سكش

ٖسمأ ٕل سطٓ ٌأ ٙلع اًيرثك ِدننحّ لاّ

ارَب وأقلا في

ٕضازدلا زاْشلما واتمإّ ،لنعلا

.ِدحّ ُيم قٔفْتّ حاجيب

ٕتاسكشت صلابخ ودقتأ انك لىإ

ذاتضلأا

" لضافلا

ًٓدلا ًٓش شّسب "

نيىاعأ ٖرلا لما ِرٍ شانجإ في اًيرثك

ٕلع لدبٓ م ّ ٗسكر ُتأَجْتّ ُحئاصيب

ّٔقلا صجف ،٘ن

ٕل ُمدق ام لك ٙلع اًيرخ للها ِا .

لا انك أ تأ ٌأ ٙطى لٓصلجا سكشلاب ودق

٘فاك لىإ ٗرتاضلأا

ٙلع ينمترلمحا

.يرثكلا دَلجا نيع تسفّ تيلا ٘نٔقلا هَتأَجْت لك لىإ

.وْكٔلت وْكضازّأّ سئاصلجا تلااصتا تيطضؤم لانع

ارٍ واتملإ ٘بٔط ٘نلكب ْلّ دٔعب ًم ّأ بٓسق ًم اىدعاض ًم لك سكشأ ّ

.عضاْتلما لنعلا

ءادها ءادها

بعتلا ّاَلحا اوتدهأ تيلا لىإ تنص في ُلجأ نم تهبً انهً نيتلحم تيلا لىإ نانلحاً ٕفدلا نيتدهأف ،نامزلحاً

لىإ ، انحاجنل مٌشلا اوقزيح تيلا لىإ ،عَنلما زعلاً عَفزلا فزشلاب للها اوصخ تيلا لىإ

،ُلشف نم فٌلخا اوقرؤٍ تيلا

ا باٌبأ ُل تحتفً تحض تيلا لىإ ،انحانج زس راونلاً لَللا في اوٖاعدب تنانً حاجنل

اٍ وَلإ ،دٌجٌلا في ُٕش ٓلغأ اٍ وَلإ ،دٌجٌلا في تانلهلا ٓلحأ لنتح تيلا لىإ للها وظفح تيبَبح

ُمأ للها اوضفح

لىإ ُلٌصً لجأ نم ٓحضً بعت نم لىإ ،ٕاطعلا زمر لىإ ُحانج لٍزط لش نم لىإ ْلحزلما يذه

دٖادشلا دبان ِذلا لىإ ،ٓغتبلما لىإ لٌصٌلل ٕاكشلاً بعتلا ٓنعم نينلع ِذلا لىإ ُبرد يرنم ىنَبج مزع نانً

لق لًأ ُل ٔترشأ نم لىإ باعصلا ضٌخ ٓلع ْكث لهب نيعفدً ه

،

للها ىحمر زٍزعلا ُبأ وَلإ

ِدهأ للحاً ٔدلها لٍزط ٓلع نٍزٖاشلا لن لىإ ُلع هلع لضف ىل نان نم لن لىإ عضاٌتلما ِدوج ّزثم

امع

د

01 65

AT 129 OTA

186 188 197 209

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10 Microsoft

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2 .

‌ ج

03

04

‌ د

05

06

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07

‌ و

1.(Mitchell, 2010) stady :”A model for managing intellectual capital to generate wealth”.

2.(Memon et al.., 2009) stady :”The relationship between firm intellectual capital and the competitive advantage”.

‌ ز

3.(Ganon et al.., 2009) stady :”Managing intellectual capital for sustained competitive advantage in the Irish tourism industry ”.

08

SPSS

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09

10

:لولأا لصفلا

لالما سأرل يرظنلا راطلاا

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1

2

¹

* ( ،ةٌلآا ةرقبلا ةروس

.)646

3

، ¹

²

3 Isabelle Kern, knowledge management from case studies,an the atlas, diploma in information and technology, not published, university of Zurich, Switzerland, 2004, p 17.

4 Joseph M. Firestone, Mark W. Mc elroy, key issues in the new knowledge management, Butterworth Heinemann, USA, 2003, p: 04.

4

. ¹

. ²

5

Saffady

1

. ²

. ³

6

Manquardt Manquardt know-what know-how :

know-why :

know-where :

know-when :

1

2

7

1991

M.H.Zach

(Nonka & takeachi

. ¹

²

8

1 Murray E.jennex, knowledge management : concept, methedologies, tools, and applications, Information Science Reference, New York, p 41.

،ًملسلا ًلع

،ةفرعملا رصع يف ةرادلإا تاينقتو جذامن :زيمتلا ةرادإ د

،ةرهاقلا بٌرغ را ص ،2002

.205 ²

3 W.Mark Fruin, knowledge works managing intellectual capital at Toshiba, oxford university press, New York, U.S.A, 1997, p 03.

4 Rivka Kfir, knowledge management and strategy, National Recherch Fondation, 21 juine 2001, p 12.

9

01

383

،مجن دوبع مجن

،تايلمعلاو تايجيتارتسلااو ميهافملا ةفرعملا ةرادإ ص ،قباس عجرم

.64 ¹

تقولا تاعيبملا

10

02

Source: David J. Skyrme : capitalizing on knowledge, Butterworth heinemann, oxford, 2001, p23.

03

Source: NONKA and P. Reinmoeller, dynamic business systems for knowledge creation and utilization, Butter Heinemann, Boston, 2000, p 132.

1

11

Wiig

(Nonka & Takeachi

Rastogi

1 V. K Narayanan, managing technologiy and innovation for competitve advantage, prentice, New Jersey, 2001, p 289.

2

3 Caroline de brun, ABC of knowledge management in modern organizations, USA, 2007, p 04.

12

Wick

1Rastogi,P.N, knowledge management and intellectual capital-the new virtuons reality of competitiveness HSM P 40.

2 P , Bouvard et P, Storhaye, knowledge management, Edition management and society, Paris, 2002, p 05

.

.

5 Amrit Tiwana, knowledge management toolki, First Edition, prentice hall PTR, USA, 1999, p: 08.

6

7 Nichlas Bahra, competitive knowledge management, first edition, palgravemacmilan, New York, 2001, p: 66.

13

Holsappleand singh

1 Imed Boughzala & Jean-Louis Ermin, tends in entreprise knowlege management, First edition, ISTEL, USA, 2006, P : 25.

2 Tamara Almarber and other, value chain model in knowledge management, international of recent trends in enginiring, vol : 02, November, 2009.

3Kimiz Dalkir, knowledge management theory and practice, Elservier Butterworth-Heinnemann, USA 2005 ; p :06.

5

14

Ralph Stayer Johnson ville

0991

Stewart

3

15

OCDE

Drucker

Spender

Youndt & al

& Heene) Hamel

Ulrich

1 OCDE, Mesuring and Reporting Intellectual Capital, Issues, and Prospect Programme Notes and Backround to Technical Merting and Policy and Strategy F orum, paris, 1999.

2 Ulrich, a new manages for human resources, Harvard business review, January-february, 1998, p 02.

16

04

71

17 511

0954 0979

0994 06,2

00,6

NIKE

334 248

Jerome Adanes

Shell

(

Gemini

Jim Noble

2

18 Gemini

Stewart

Brooking

Quinn

TECH 031

)%

. ¹

2

19

254.381 General Electric

08 01

219.202 Pfiser

138 02

204.515 Microsoft

210 03

188.538 Flip Morris

34 04

176.409 Exxon Mobil

01 05

173.964 Intel

110 06

155.402 SBC communications

49 07

148.679 Intel Business machines

19 08

141.471 Verizon communications

32 09

139.494 Merck

88 10

2007

20

1Harrison. S, & Sulivan. P, profiting from intellectual capital learning from leading from companies, journal of intellectual capital, vol: 1, 2000, P 38.

. ²

21

Bontis

05 BONTIS

Source: Bontis.N; Intellectual Capital Disclosure in Canadian corporations, journal of Human Resource cost and accounting, v 16, N. 2, 2001. P 15.

ا

22

Brooking

1 Metta Torro, global intellectual capital brokering, facilting the emergence of innovations, Epsoo VTT publications, 2007, P 48.

23

06 Brookig

T. Stewart













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





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



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24

07 Stewart

Human capital

Structural capital

1







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



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25 Mc Elory

Customer capital

%05

%25

26

08

27

Harrison & Sullivan

1

28







1Harrison. S, & Sullivan. P, OPCIT, P 38.

2Bolling A, & Smith R, managing organizational knowledge as a strategic asset. Journal of knowledge management, vol: 5 P33.

29

30

31

1 Steve Pike, Olivier Gupta, Evaluating intellectual capital and measuring knowledge management effectiveness, paper submitted to PMA performance measuring conference, Boston, July, 16-19, 2002, P 07.

32

33

Motorola, IBM

Hewlett Packard

Bueckman Labratriers

Daimler Chrysler

1

34 Shell

Mc Kinsey

35 Kelly

Us West

ص ،قباس عجرم ،حلاصلا ًلع دمحا ،ًجرفملا شوشرح لداع د

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36 Microsoft

Bill Gates

37 Measurment Intangible)

(center of

(Copenhagen business intellect

Club

(IBM , Renfe, Hewlett Packard)

38

Stewart

39

Stewart

40

Van Buren

Van Buren

41

1

42

1

ص ،هسفن عجرم ،يدٌبعلا دومحم

.6 ³

43

:ددعلا ،ةرهاقلا ، )عاعش( ًلمعلا ملاعلإل ةٌبرعلا ةكرشلا ،لامعلأا لجرو رٌدملا بتك تاصلاخ ربوتكأ68

ص ،6889 -3

.4 ¹

44 Kaplan & Norton

CETIN

45

Kavida & Sivakouar 2009

46

Toyota

. ¹

.

47 3 97 %

%

2007 ICM

Pepsico

Microsoft

500 1970

13 110

ولاا ةعبطلا ،لقعلا ةرادإ ،لٌلخ ًنابٌس ،تورٌب ،ةٌعماجلا بترلا راد ،ىل

ص ،6888

.65 ¹

2 Koeing. M.L. the resurgence intelectual capital, the emphasis shift measurement, information today, vol 17, September 2007, p 15.

48

Flippo

¹

2Luthains, F, Organisional behavior, 4 ed MC. Graw-hill new yourk 1995.

3

49

1

50 رابتخا ءارجا









51

Osbern 1973

1975 5

10

1961

2.844.000

1

2

52

Winter & Nalson

(Dainiels & Noordhuis

53

Mouristen & Bukh

(Markowtz

1

54 Linneman

Mouritson & Bukh

Industry Week 78

55

Read Montego

Minor Halsey

&

2000 Eric

56





²

57

10

484



Nula Beek

40

% 560

153

466 ¹

58 199



Ante Public Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) .

Anate pulic

(^VAIC)

- - 0

480

486 ¹

59

0

« ^IC »

Bates Gruppen

13

11

463

2

AB Sweden (IC AB)

Intellectual capital



-



60

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3

X X

X X

t xR i

p GPx

S t

t t



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)

) 1 (

1

VCC (

0 t S

GP P

R i

-

Artur detore

&

Mark clare

- 13

-

1

61

- -

« Peter Drucker »

Woter de vries

02

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

¹

62

- -

03 03

% 4,5

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1

63

لصفلا :يناّثلا

ةمادتسلما ةيسفانتلا ةزيلما لالما سأرب اهتقلاعو

يركفلا

65

66

(^porter)

Chamberlin, 1939)

(^Selznich, 1959) (Schendel & Hofer)

67

(Porter, 1985 & Day, 1984)

(Strategor)

1

2 Stategor, Politique général des l’entreprise, , Paris : Dunod, 2001,p.529.

3 Michel Porter, L’avantage concurrentiel des nation, Paris : Inter éditions, 1993, p.48.

4 Michel Porter, L’avantage concurrentiel( Paris : Dunod, 2000),p. 8.

⁵

6 Mare.Bertonéche et autre, MBA, l’essentiel du management par les meilleur professeurs, 2^eme édition, Edition Egolles Paris, France, 2008, P 116.

68

03

The search for differential

advantage Alderson 1965

Survival strayegies in a hostile

environment Hall 1980

Competitive advantage creating and sustaining superior

performance

Porter 1985

Strategic intent Hamel and prahalad 1989 Firm resources and sustained

competitive advantage Barney 1991 A frameork linking intangible

resources and capabilities to SCA

Hall 1993 Market-based assets and

shareholder value a framework for analysis

Srivastava,shervani and fahey 1998 An examination of sustainable

competitive advantage concept past, present, and future

Hoffman 2000

Developing corporate culture as

a competitive advantage Sadri and lees 2001 Knowledge management

systems and developing SCA

Adams and lamont2003 sustainable competitive

advantage how to survive against your competition over a long period of time

Kotelnikov 2004

Managing human resource capabilities or sustainable competitive advantage

Khandekar and sharma 2005

SCA of internet firms a strategic framework and implications for global marketers

Javalgi and radulovich 2005

69

12

Source : Ron Sanchez, Aimé heene, enhancing competences for competitive advantage, emerald books, 2010, p 152.

1

2

70

1

2

فيطس ،سابع تاحرف ةعماج رييستلا

3

4

71

. ¹

72

13

73

1

74

1

75

¹

ليبن دمحم

؛يسرملا دمحأ دبع ملاسلا

،ميلس ةرادلإا ةيجيتارتسلاا ،

بتكملا يعماجلا

،ثيدحلا ةيردنكسلإا

،7004 ص 207.

. ²

3

76

14

Source : Cregory G. Dess and others, strategic management : texets and cases, Mac grawhill, fourth edition, New York, USA, 2008, P 157.

1

. ²

77

2

1

78

3

1 .M.Porter, l’avantage concurrentiel, op.cit.p.147-150.

79

1

2

1

2

80

3

1 .M.Porter, avantage concurrentiel, op.cit.p.198-200.

4

81

1

²

ص ،7005

.366

82

¹

83

84

1

2 Michel Porter, op cit, p 518.

3

85

1

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86

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:ص ص ،قباس عجرم ،ليلخ يسرم ليبن -65

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89

1

90

¹

91

1 ،رييستلا مولعو ةيداصتقلاا مولعلا ةيلك ،رئازجلا ةعماج ،هاروتكد ةحورطأ ص ،7002

.706

92 wernerfelt

Strategic Journal Management

(G.Hamel

J.Barney)

،

Tarondeau

& Barahalad Hamel

1 Susan E.Jackeson, Michael Hitt, Managing knowledge for sustained competitive advantage, industrial and organizational psychologie, USA, 2003, 57.

2 عاطق ةلاح ةسارد ،

،رئازجلا يف نحطلا

هاروتكد ةحورطأ ³

93

،Gant Colis

،

(Puthod & Thévenard

1

94

16

Source : Gary Hamel, C. K Prahalad : computing for the future, Harvard business scool press,1994, p 198.

& Barahalad Hamel

1 Gary Hamel, C. K Prahalad : computing for the future, Harvard business scool press,1994, p 199.

95

j. Leboterf

1

96 Penrose

(Teece),(Santos), (Eisenhardt), (Nonka)

1 ةلقرو ةعماج ،ةيرشبلا تاءافكلاو ةفرعملا داصتقا جامدنلاا -06

سرام20 .7002

2 Susan E. Jackson, Angelo Denisi, Michael Hiti, Manging Knowledge for sustained competitive advantage, designing strategies for effective human resource management (USA, jossey bass, 2003), P 04.

3 ص ،عجرملا سفن ،دوهزم كلاملا دبع

.220 ⁴

5 William eyoungdabl and others, the house of quality within a knowledge based view of the firm, international system dynamics conference, Arizona state university west, USA, 1994.

97

¹

2

،ةثيدحلا تايداصتقلاا يف ةيبرعلا لامعلأا تامظنم يف يركفلا لاملا

،فلشلا ،يلعوب نب ةبيسح ةعماج -26

ربمسيد22 .7022

98

Scheffman, Thompson

Pfeffer

Scheffman D & Thompson W.R, intellectual capital in your ¹ Comppany, Edition Learning Technologies Grouprs, 1998, P 03.

Pfeffer, Intellectual capital as unique source of sustained ² Competitve advantage, Forbes, 1996, P 04.

3

99

100

101

102

يملسلا يلع ،

ةيجيتارتسلاا ةيرشبلا دراوملا ةرادإ ،ةرهاقلا ،ةعابطلاو رشنلل بيرغ راد ،

ص ،7002

.27 ¹

103

Source : Olalla, Marta Fossas, « The Resource-Based Theory And Humain Resource, International A dvantages IN Economic Research, Vol 5 1999, P 85.

1 Olalla, Marta Fossas, « The Resource-Based Theory And Human Resource, International A advantages In Economic Research, Vol 5 1999, P 85.

104

1 ص .252

105

18

106

P.Ghemawat,1986

( ,1996 M.Porter

Hamel et Prahalad ,1994

R.Daveni,1995

1

107

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(Anderson)

(Johnman

Goh ChokTong

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108

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122

1 - M. porter, l'avantage concurrentielle des nations, op.cit, 1993,p 48.

123

1 - les presse de l'université Laval, le management aujourd'hui, économica, paris, 2000,p 842.

257 2

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