Country profile: Turkey Hüsnü Can Baser K. in

in

Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.).

Wild food and non-food plants: Information networking Chania : CIHEAM

Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 38 1999

pages 303-322

Article available on lin e / Article dispon ible en lign e à l’adresse :

--- http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?ID PD F=CI020500

--- To cite th is article / Pou r citer cet article

--- Hüsnü Can Baser K. Cou n try profile: Tu rkey. In : Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Wild food and non-food plants: Information networking. Chania : CIHEAM, 1999. p. 303-322 (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 38)

---

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Can Baser

Anadolu University and Centre 26470 Eski-ehir, Turkey 1

i

QF

T h e followng is a tentative list of

in any aspects of of

of

follows: (Note: This is by of

of of

(AAFU) of

of the Faculty of of

Society for of

of

Foundation the

of

of

of

T h e of Special

of the of

of

of the above institutions is given in Annexe 1.

a of

of

West Asia (WANANET);

of

m.

(b) is t h e d'ONG sur la

Asian (Asian

(c) UN Agencies:

FAO ( U N Food (UN

(UN

(d)

BEE

(e) is of

on and of

Asia

t h e is acting as a

Utilization of

is

of

of

of

Conduct) on

utilization of sita of is

way.

A

T h e was implemented by

of between.1964 and 1973. T h e was executed by

FAO. of

of

was was assigned as the focal point of

'Collection,

of in 1989 with amendments in 1991

and 1995 is T h e

bulbs as follows:

(i)

T h e

lists of

in

the Official

'List of for T h e lists specify

by by the

of

of (3), of

of ( l ) , of

is special legislation for

of of

in

way.

T h e

situ

is a GEF T h e

was of non-woody

as, wheat

(Triticma

(Hordeurn spp.), lentil spp.), chickpea (Cicep.

spp.), apple spp.), walnut (Jughm sp.), pistachio (ì‘&tachio spp.) and chestnut (Cmtanea

spp.), (Abes ( C e d m B a n i )

T h e is of its kind in the

situ

and populations of both

on a landscape basis.

the purpose of of wild

T h e of by of

ir,

of

involves the

of 28 12 T h e

implemented since 1992 in

Yalova T h e of endemism is quite high in the of

30% of the 10 500 eo T h e

has 50% of the endemic taxa. T h e

the collection of

of many of

of

A

the

sita

of

and (1997). T h e plan is expected to be implemented by of from the

6997

An has been

of of in

A

The Unit has so of databases that

of was published in 1989 indicating the status of

plants of of of species in the

is given in Table 1.

of

Bolu,

of

2.

32 of 10 km

T h e is 5570 0.71% of

of as of is

given in Table 3.

2

305

Table l: Rants Listed in the Red Data Book of Turkey*

Categories Endemic

I

Non-endemic

Extinct ⁸

l

l

Vulne~able 1

l

⁴⁹

I

Insufficiently Known 282 362 -.

Out of Danger (O)

1

5

Tritai 3073

Noi rare nor threatened (Nt)

-

-

- ^{~ ~~}

* T.Ekim, M.Koyuncu, S.Erik and R.4arslan, List of

Plants in Turkey Prepared According to lUCN ßed Data Categories, Turkish Association Conservation of Nature .and Natural Resources (Series No:18), Ankara (1

~ ~~

Table 2: List

of

Vascular Plants According to New IUCN Categories*

I

fUCN Categories

!

^{Want taxa}

l

Not Evaluated (NEa319)

Lower Risk least concern (LRlc=3D) 432 Data Insufficient (DD=SD) 59

q

Lower Risk conservation dependent (LRcd=3D)

l

9

* A.Giiner and J.Zielinski, The Conservation Status of the TurkishWoody Flora, Proceedings of (International Dendroiogy Society) Symposium on the

Conservation Status of Temperate Trees, Sept -7 Oct 1994, University of Bonn, pp.41-52 (1

Table 3: List od Sites identified as Centres si Plant Diversity and Endemism ¡m Turkey*

SWA12

of South-east kan and

SWA14

GÖ&

SWA13

and

I

SWA15

I

Lycaonian and Cilicim

SWA16

Uludan SWA20

Anatolia SWA19

Levantine Uplands SWA17

South-west Anatolia

* L.Boulos, A.G.Milier and R.R.MiII, Regional Overview: South West Asia and the Middle East. in: S.D.Davis, V.H.Heywood and A.C.Harnilton (eds), Centres Plant Diversity. A Guide and Strategy for Their Conservation. Vol 1, IUCN (1 994). 293-

A list of known and estimated species of

is given in the following table. T h e in

the 1997 (See above).

to the

way is

one of the good examples among t h e of is of

of

of of 65

20.2

21 million ha. T h e of soil

by etc. T h e by

t h e of by

Foundation.

alone is of is

the of 5600 ha of T h e of is

3000 sq.km

32 11 54

officially in of 778 455.8 ha. (see Annexe 3)

of of

is of

T h e has

the of of local listings to be used in planning

T h e list of these sites is annexed. (see Annexe 4) As mentioned above, the

in-sita

the of

of the

T h e elements of

Castuneea

sativa (Chestnut),

divakaru nigra subsp.

pallmiam

(Anatolian black pine), brat2 pine) and Abieseqz&&vjuni

have

wild wheats (Thticcm

dicoccoid8sJ Xboeficzlm

and associated species of AegiZops SpeZtoides, Acrmsa, A.sqzuzrrosa), lentil spp.), chickpea (Cicer (Hordeumsponta~zmm).

of t h e have been

(e.g.

Lobaria

spp.,

Cfadoniz

spp.), plum, apple and hazelnut (Coghs of

(Abies ci&cica)

(Cedm libani).

of is

that in <Eel.

USE

Examples of

4. T h e book

4.

TABLE 4. EXAMPLES THE MOST IMMPOR'6AN'P ECONOMIC PLANTS TURKEY AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES*

Food Plants Amygdalus com.munis, Beta vulgaris, Gastanea sativa,

Ceratonia

siliqua,

Cicer arietinum, Citrus

Coryhs

avellana,

C.colurna,

C.maximay Cydonia vulgaris, Ficus carica, Hordeum Juglans regia, culinaris, Olea europea, Phoenix dactylfera, Pistacia vera, Prunus arrneniaca, P.avium, Punica granaturn, Secaie cereale, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Triticum

. . .

Vicia

faba

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (tentative list)

Plant Species Used for Range ReRabilitaPiora (courtesy of TEMA)

Plant

Species

Used for Af- forestation and Weaffores- tation (courtesy

of

TEMA)

A.G.Miller R.R,

Achilles spp., Acorus calamus, Aesculus hippocastanurn, Allium spp., Ammi spp., Ankyropetalum gypsophiloides, Artemisia spp., Atropa belladonna, Borago officinalis,

Cannabis sativa, Capparis spinosa, C.ovata, Ceratonia siliqua, Colchicum speciosum, Coriandrum sativum, Corydothymus capitatus, Crataegus spp., Crucus sativus, Cuminum cyminum, Cyclofrichium niveum, C.origanifolium, Datura stramoniumJ Digitalis lanata, Foeniculum vulgare, Frangula alnus,

Glycyrrhiza glabra, Gypsophila arrostii, G. bicolor, G. eriocalyx, G.petfoliata, vemsta, Hyoscyamus spp., Hypericum

pertoratum, Juniperus spp., Laser trilobum, LaUrus nobilis, Liquidambar orientalis, Malus sylvestris ssp. orientalis, Meiissa offícinalis, Mentha pulegium, M.spicata, Micromeria fruticosa, Myrfus communis, Orchidaceae plants, Origanum spp.,

?apaver somniferum, Peganum harmala, Pimpinella anisum, spp., Rhus coriaria, Rosa canina, Rosa damascena,

Rosmarinus officinalis, Ruscus aculeatus, Ruta chalepensis, Salvia fruticosa, Ssclarea, tomentosa, Satureja spp., Sideritis spp., Slybum marianum, Tila spp., Thymbra spica&

Thymus spp., Trachyskmcsn orientalis, Uttica dioica,

U.pilulifera, Vaccinium arctostaphylos, Kmyttillus, Viburnum opulus, Ziziphus jujuba

Anthoxanthum odoratum, Bromus anthoxanthum, Hordeum bulbosun?, Onobrychis spp., Pua pratensis, Trifoiium spp., Vicia spp.

Cedrus IibaRi, Cupressus sempervirens, C.arizonica var. . . glauca, Jugians regia,

pinus

maritima, P.Eigra, P.pima, Quercus cerris, Qhfectoria, Qmbra, Robinia pseudoacacia .Mill, Regional Overview: South West Asia and the Middle East.

S.D.Davis, 'V.H.Heywood and A.C.Hamiiton

(eds),

Centres Plant Diversify. A Guide and Strategy for Their Conservation. Vol IUCN, Cambridge (1994). pp.

has

(1) of

of the of 95% of the database is complete. will be available on soon.

(2)

of is a specimen based

a t

75% of the database is complete. will be open to the public on soon.

Faculty

of

14280 90-374-253 45

19 extn. 2247, Fax: 90-374-253 45 06, of

(1) of

Faculty of Science and

06531 90-312-210 51

58

309

(2) of Algae.

F a a t of E l a z 4

90-424-212 85 (3)

26470 90-222-335 29 52,

Fax:

90-222-335 O1

27, E-

mail:

(1)

(2) all

at the of as well as on scientifically studied plants of it will be available on

is by

(Asian on

a Asia' by

New 012, 91-011-574 60 24, Fax: 91-011-578 70 62, of

both in

has facilitated the establishment of a

is fully in Almost all

own documentation systems.

has

the following facilities:

. .

Linux, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.1 1, Windows 95

A

of all

A

is installed with a total of 30

80486, 133) 630,

5260 6320

PC)

A

total of

&SOC, 660C, 680C, Apple Style

Scanjet 4c/T €or

JAZ

for om

i

l

has the following facilities:

6.0 Whdows 3.1 and Windows

9.5.

0

o

a

*

^-

i‘

for

by of of

of local

accommodation facilities for T h e S e e d of

and the d a At

as “A and

studies, financed own

has a long-base 1996 model Land 4x4

equippsd with is actively

Yalova, established by of Foundation

at has 7000

and 7000 woody plant species.

situ

vitro

is in 18 of in

was established by the Faculty of of is situated on 345 ha land and has a collection of

1250

taxa.

is T h e of l 0

ha.and has a collection of 2500 live taxa.

T h e best collection of t h e of is of the

(E)

of late

and his colleagues took place the of the 10-volume of

T h e of the Faculty of keeps

O00

T h e of the

a good of

is 10 O00 4500 species collected

311

T h e of t h e Faculty of of 7.5 000 specimens. This is one of

O n e of t h e of

has ca.30 accessions belonging to

ca.

3000 taxa.

T h e of the Faculty of of is best known

for

its

woody specimens. holds

ca.

35 O00 accessions.

Faculties of

T h e Faculties

of

and

Anadolu

(ESSE)

has 13 O00 accessionsand is

of Labktm.

13 field gene banks.

All

A 2.5-day of

in is by in

is of

halls equipped with audio-visual aids,

of and

11th Symposium

on

was 22-24 1996 by the Faculty of

2nd

on the

Chmistv Compomd

was

22-24 1996 by

28th

(28tn 1-3 1997

20th

on

the

Utihzution and Aromtìc

8 and 30 1997 in 3rd Cosmetics Synzposium (3rd will take place on 2-3 1997

11th WorZdForestq

Co9zgress

will 13-22 1997 in

Conference Combating

Desert$cation 1997

U.S.A.

Symposiam on will 1997

Confermce of on Convention to

Combat

Desert@cation and Drought will

adApicuZture will 1997 in China.

NEW NEW USES,

is the of Brigmum

wild Origanum onites in the

Origuaum, Thymu,

Thymbru,

Coridothymu and Satwqu, Five species of Origanunz, Thymbra SpiCata, Corìdothymtcs

cupitutu ‘

and two species of

Saturga

C C C N

thyme

(Thymu

vulgaris) (0910.40.19 and

21)

and wild thyme (Thymu serpyïïum) (0910.40.11)

T. vu~an+s is not a native plant of

of

serpyïlunz

is of the essential oil of

Origmam

is O.

onifes, O.

majorana

(syn. O. d&um) and O.

of and Hyperiamperforatum is

Adana by a

For the last oil from wild fidicromerz;Z

fmtk-ma

subsp.

bruchycalyx

and subsp.

barbut@

h t a k y a as penny oil

due ta its content of pulegone.

is

such as

Origanam

oaites,

Salvia

spp., Sideitis spp.,

Capparis

spp.,

such as Anemone spp.,

D&?ztfjzls

spp., of medicinal and

is also taking place at in Adana.

33

17 A complete list

-

1989. So 12 1996.

of in

of publications visit

‘Anadolu’ 1300-0225) twice a T h e

on also

A

list of

of Activities. by

Yalova. T h e on the of

in

T h e

A

list

of

313

T h e of

1992. on of of

was published in the Official Gazette on August 15 1992.

1996, is

(No.2872) on August 1983. T h e was

of 19 1989

.

' g;!. ^{' V.}

National

Park I@&

^(No.2873) was published in the'Oî&cial Gazette on August 11 1983 which 'kiij amended the Foiest Law (No.6831 of 5 1956).

y '*

I

ANNEX 1: GOVERNMENTAL AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS Note:

Onb

those imtìtutions that

h e

respondedto OUT inquiry are inakatedbelow.

1. (m)

Full Contact

P.O.BOX

9,

35661 90-232-846 13 31

Fax:

90-232-846 11 07.

Activities:

of wild of

The institute has

in sink

and m sita gene bank

and 13

facility.

of Funding: National is financed by of

T h e situ is financed by GEF

2. Anadolu

Aromatic

Plant

and

26470 Eskibehir, Turkey.

h a d o l u 26470 90

- 222 -

335 29 52. Fax: 90

-

222

-

335 O 1 27.

E-mail:

or

of of plant based

biological activity testing, cells;

group

of non-functional phytochemical plants;

of the of new leads on phytochemicals and

of essential oils. For website.

of Funding.:

3. The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil

Erosion,

Protection of

Natural

ve Vakff Çay$

Levent, 80620

90-212-281 10 27 ( 5 lines) and 283 78

16

(5 lines).

Fax: 90-2 12-281 1 1 32,

of the top soil

habitats and life; and development of soil

of

for

of soil

315

of (26%),

(26%), (l$%), activities (sales, auctions, etc.) (22%).

4.

Export Promotion Centre of Turkey

h a c a t ?

60, 06420

90-312-417 22 23, Fax: 90-312-417 22 33,

E-mail:

#

O$c: ttpo@pop.pi.net ttpo.wtc.rotterdam@pi.net of of of

Gündüz

of above.

of

i

5.

Society for the Protection

Nature

Fu11 Contact: Yazgan,

80810

Phone: 90-212-279 39 and 90-212-279 O 1 40, Fax: 90-212-279 55 44.

of in

for

of (e.g., EU,

WWF,

(e.g.,

6.

The of

The

Faculty of Pharmacy of

Foul1 Eczacfl$k

34452 90-212-514 03 64, Fax: 90-212-519 08 12.

Activities: T h e 75 O00 specimens of t h e

of of

7.

The of Gazi University Faculty

of

Science Full Contact: T u n a

Böliimü

90-312-212 45 32, Fax: 90-312-212 22 79. E-mail:

T h e 10.000

specimens which belong to

ca.

4500 species of T h e is

of So ca. 5000 specimens belonging to

about 1500 endemic species have been collected.

and Aytaç,

of

8.

Unit

Full Contact:

of 14280

90-374-253

45

19 ext.2247, Fax: 90-374-253 45 06, E-mail:

Activities: T o collect biological to keep

them biological

of vegetation,

of of

9. The Environment Foundation

of

Turkey

Cad. 50/20,06660 90-312-425 55 08, Fax: 90-312-415

51

18

18.

Turkish Society the Protection of Nature and its

29i4,

11.

The Authority for the Protection of Special Areas

~ of

of the Preservation

of

Natural

Genel of

13.

The

of

90-312-212 63 O0 and 213 54

78, Fax:

90-312-222

51

40

31

ANNEX 2: PUBLICATIONS

1963-1988 .The Turkey and the Aegean 10

A. (ed.) 1987. in Foundation of

T. S.& Book

of

Turkey. A List

of

fire, Tkreatmed and

Turkey, of

(1989).

L. A.G & 1994. Ovmim: South West & and the

& Centres cf A Gude and Strategy f o r Their

Comemation. Yb1 1, (1994). pp. 293-308.

AKMAN, Y. & O. 1956. The Ckimabeand Vegetation of Turkey. of

N., S. & N. 1994. Check-l&

of

Additional Taxa to the

of

Turkq.

m,

E.L. 1974. from -

of

Turkey.

T. 1994. of Vernamhr Names

of of

Turkey.

the of 89B, 123-134.

18,497-514 (1994).

578,

T. Fub1.h. 1039,

T. 1984Therapy eith in Turkey. 2355,

& 1986. Tzdq. 27,

the Study of Languages and

G. E. 1988. Tradtionai àn Tz~rkey. Faculty

TABATA, & 1998. A

Turkq. Faculty of Sciences,

35 191-196 (1991).

E., & E.. 1992.

30(3) 233-239.

E., GOTO, Y.1994.

32(1) 3-12.

E., & 993.

Folk the 39,31-38.

T., T., Y & Y.

1995. V. 46,

133-152.

T., Y., Bh Y.

1995. in

Botany, 49(4) 406-422.

T. 1994. The

-

Final

Workshop on 1 1-4 1993,

T., A. & SUN, S. 1989. in Tarkey, and Treament.

Publ.No.3560,

1992. 333,217-238.

1993. Turkey. 24th 21-24 July 1993,

1994. Oils of from Turkey - Lamiales 3, 6-1 1

T. A., S., & 1991. Taxonomkal and ^.

(1994).

T.& 1984.The Turkey.

A Revim Section Allircm.

SPETA,F. 1994. Tirkei. OÖ. Landesmuseums. Neue Folge 76, Linz.

A.& The Status of the

Dendrology Society) Symposium on the Comemotion Stckbus

of

30 Sept -1 Oct 1994, of

ANNEX 3: NATIONAL PARKS, NATURE PARKS, NATURE RESERVES AND NATURE MONUMENTS IN TURKEY (AT END OF 1996)

No.

I

National Park

I

Province

I

Area (ha)

I

Established

1 Aladadlar 54,524

1

1995

22

2,500 m2 Gümüphane

Kiram Evliya Ardqcq 26

1994 2,500 m2

Sinop K$+zylcaelmalg Mebesi

25

1995 2,500 m2

Antalya Kqz)iladaç Koyu Lübnan Sediri 24

1995 2,500 m2

Antalya Karamvk Köyü Sediri

23

1995 2,500 m2

Yzmir Kadqnlar KÜyusu Koca MenengiQ

1995

321