R e p o r t o n t h e M is s io n a t F E L C R A /M A L A Y S IA f r o m 1 2 th t o 2 6 t h F e b r u a r y 1 9 9 2
J.M. Eschbach - IRCA/Agronomy
JME/MM - April 1992
CONTENTS
TERMS OF REFERENCE
1. Implem e n t a t i o n of dem o n s t r a t i o n tr ials (DT)
2. Provi s i o n a l results
3. A p p l i c a b i l i t y of redu ced frequency tapping
4. C o n t i n u a t i o n of the project
4.1. Tri als under way 4.2. Pilot plantations
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JD, ( ( -1
/ídM-'UJB PlSTfiG C202)47?-1865 TO: 47273366 FEB 5. 1992 i :27PM «138 P.02
: W O R L D BANK / IFG / MIGA
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
DATE: February 6, 1002
TO: Mr. J.M. Eschbach, Cotyultant FROM; D.M. Dowsett-Coirol>&^chief, EA1A0 EXTENSION: 81344
SUBJECT: M ALAYSIA i Second FELCRA Lan d Development Project (Ln.2917-MA)
Evaluation of L abor Saving Rubber Exploitation Technology Terms of Reference
1. You will arrive in Kuala Lumpur, M a l ay s ia on or about
February 11, 1992 for * period of two weeks until February 26 to review and evaluate with the Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority (FELCRA), the progress and results of the demonstration trials of reduced frequency tapping systems established in the second half of 1991. While in Malaysia, y ou will visit all nine demonstration sites of the new technology and al60 the large area pilot trial at Bukit Fedoman estate. Your work program wil l be coordinated w i t h FELCRA management who w i l l be responsible for m a k i n g all arrangements for the field tripB.
2, In your work, y o u wills
(i) examine the content, timing and quality of implementation of the technology at each site for consistency wit h the protocols and statistical validity, review the accuracy of data recording and reporting and advise any required changes. Special attention should be given to the monitoring of bark consumption.
(ii) customize as n ec essary an appropriate computerized analysis procedure of trial data for use by FELCRA, summarise and review the interim results of each trial and indicate how these are consistent or otherwise wit h expected results,
(iii)from overall results of the trials to date, draw interim
conclusion* on the applicability of reduced frequency tapping to FELCRA's conditions and indicate b r o ad economic benefits from its use.
(iv) confirm timetable for the continuation of these trials and advise to the Ban k your proposals for the expansion of the technology in F E L C R A schemes taking into account both F E L C R A ’s needs and capacity.
3. Review with FELCRA problems and applicability of the current tapping wage structure for use in reduced frequency tapping and suggest
modifications which FELCRA could consider to ensure economy in tapping costs and an attractive, incentive-oriented system for tappers,
k . On your return to France, you will prepare a report on m is sion findings and recommendations on reduced frequency tapping systems in FELCRA schemes and submit the report to the Bank by mid-March.
M i s s i o n Schedule
12th F e bruary 1992: Arrival in K uala Lumpur
13th F e bruary 1992: Mis s i o n p r o g ramme and c ourtesy calls 14th F e bruary 1992: Dat a up date and v isit prepa r a t i o n
15th F e bruary 1992: ULU R OKAN and ULU YOH estates (NEGERI S E M B I L A N ) 16th F e bruary 1992: Fl ight for A LO SETAR, HULU PAUH es tate (PERLIS) 17th F e bruary 1992: BUKIT TAMPOI I and II and PULAU B E L A N T I K estates
(K E D A H )
18th F e bruary 1992: B E N D A N G MA N estate, ferry to Langkawi Island
19th F e bruary 1992: SELAT BAGAN N Y I O R and K A M P O N G K OK estates, flight for Kuala Lu mpur
20th February 1992: PESAGI and BAT U E M P A T - P A Y A LUAS estates 22nd F ebruary 1992: Fl ight for JB (JOHOR)
BUKIT K E R E M O Y I A N G estate,
23rd February 1992: BUKIT PEDOMAN and K A M P U N G
24th February 1992: MAW AI BARU estate, flight
25th February 1992: Kuala Lumpur
1. Implementation of demonstration trials (DT)
1.1. Setting up
Three DTs were set up late due to tapper a v a i l ability problems: Ulu Rokan, Bukit Pedoman III and Bukit K e r e m o y i a n g wer e launched in September, whereas the other trials wer e launched in July or
at the b e g i nning of August. Hence, for the la tter trials, 6
months' results were available at the be g i n n i n g of February.
All the plots (111 tapping tasks) cor r e s p o n d i n g to the d i f f erent
t reatments and replicates wer e m a r k e d out and ta pped in
a ccor d a n c e with the fre quency set dow n in the protocol. The plot la yout in the field does not always tally wi t h the protocol layout, due to r e arrangement of the tapping tasks, but in the
ma j o r i t y of cases, it is p ossible to divide up the plot
arra n g e m e n t into uni f o r m blocks in the field, for statistical analysis of results.
In the Bukit Tampoi II trial, treatments 3 and 4 with upward tapping wer e started late due to a lack of q u a l i f i e d tappers. The resu lts o btained on some tappings wil l not be taken into a c c o u n t .
In the Bukit Kere m o y i a n g trial, a certain number of trees in the 1/2 S tapping plots are ta pped in upward 1/4 S (dry trees or
pre s u m e d to be dry on the lower panel). The trees should be
returned to d o wnward 1/2 S or halted and stripped of their e q u i p m e n t .
1.2. Tapp i n g
Tapp i n g quality varies greatly and is somewhat mediocre. Wounds, to which wound dressings are never applied, are p a r t icularly numerous when the cut is on rege n e r a t e d bark (DT Nos. 6 to 9). At t e n t i o n is drawn to the fact that stimulant a p p l i c a t i o n to woun d e d wood (sometimes more than 50% of the bark area) may harm the t r e e .
However, the most important p oint is bar k consumption, -which, in the majority of cases, proves to be greatly in excess of
a ccepted norms, which themselves are high e r than in the
theoretical norms set out in the protocol.
1
T a p p i n g f r e q u e n c y Ta p p i n g s / y ea r A c c e p t e d n o r m s T h e o r e t i c a l n o r m s c m / y r m m / t a p p i n g m m / t a p p i n g c m / y r d/2 150 25 1 .7 1.5 23 d/3 100 18 1 .8 1.6 16 d/4 75 14 1 .8 1 .7 13 1/4 S 2.0 15 to 20
It is necessary to be able to mea s u r e and keep track of bark
consumption. Marks daubed in white paint corresp o n d i n g to
mon t h l y c o nsumption are not suitable because:
1. a diffe r e n c e of 2.3 c e n timetres for the month corresponds
to 13 tappings for 26 w o r k i n g days, a number which is never reached, especially in the rainy season.
2. a substantial increase in the cut slope makes it impossible
to identify the cor r e s p o n d i n g mont h l y paint mark.
Hence, to help the tapper keep track of consumption, it is recom m e n d e d :
- on virgin bark (DT Nos. 1 to-5): to trace out a c o n sumption
quide on each panel using a template, cor r e s p o n d i n g to quarterly consumption, as pro v i d e d for in the protocol.
- on regenerated bark (DT Nos. 6 to 9): to mar k the top,
middle and bottom of the cut with white paint (as seen in the trial: a circle for the m o n t h and a 2-cm stroke for the q u a r t e r ).
On the panel that has just been consumed, a dot of paint of a di f ferent colour at the be g i n n i n g of April will make it possible to measure bark c o n sumption from a k nown date.
The tapping and rtapping s upervisor training programme has been highly beneficial and the results are clear in certain D T s .
1.3. Stimulation
As no stimulation was scheduled duri n g the m onth of the visit, a p plication d e m o nstrations were organized. The concent r a t i o n and
quantities were in accordance with the protocols. However, it
is r e c ommended that the stimulant be applied over a width of 1 cm on the regenerated panel above the cut, with o u t trying to apply
it to tree lace. Brush size No. 10 is appropriate. It is best
to apply the stimulant the day after tapping, and not the same d a y .
In high rainfall periods, it is preferable to s t i m ulate trees,
even if the number of tappings is substantially reduced. In this
respect, the norms applied to tappings not c a r r i e d out due to rainfall seem to be p a r t i cularly strict. A damp panel s h ould not jeopardize tapping, even though there are slight latex losses.
1.4. Resu l t r e c o rding
L atex and cup lump w eighing poses no problems. However, cup
lumps should not be left on the ground at the foot of trees
during low produ c t i o n periods. It is reco m m e n d e d that they be
g ro u p e d together on a plastic sheet in a specific p lace in the
plot. On the record slip, the cup lumps of the p r evious
tapping(s) are recorded.
N ew monthly re cord slips have bee n distr i b u t e d to each DT and from now on they should be use d to indicate the dates of s t imulation o perations and the true rainfall data. The Ulu R o k a n and Ulu Jenut plantations sh ould be equipped w i t h a r a infall meter. In the meantime, rainfall dat a from n e i g h b o u r i n g w e a t h e r stations sho uld be indicated.
2. Provisional Results
Pending c a l c u lations r e g arding g/tree (kg/ha/year) and
g / t r e e / t a p p i n g (kg/tapper), an initial set of calc u l a t i o n s has
been p roduced for kg/plot. It is taken that the n u m b e r of trees
differs little a c c o rding to tapping task.
With stimu l a t e d redu c e d tapping, the aim is to o b t a i n at least
100% of 1/2 S d/2 production. Figures 1 and 2 sum up the results
obt a i n e d on the 9 DTs, a long with cumulated data per plot and per DT, and the monthly changes in treatments shown in the annex.
Tables 1 and 2 sum up the c h a r a c teristics of the DTs and figure 3 in dicates their location.
2.1. B e n d a n g M an
Th e results are satisfactory, since d/2 p r o d u c t i o n is o b t a i n e d in d/3 6/y or d/4 6fa with only 3 stimulations, as oppo s e d to the
4 planned for the period. T r e a tment d/3 4/y p r o d u c e d 88% of d/2
wi t h 1 s t i mulation rather than with the two planned: Oct o b e r was p a r t i c u l a r l y wet.
Tapp i n g quality is good, both as regards depth (no wounds) and c o n s u m p t i o n .
2.2. U lu R o k a n
It is on this estate that the results are the poorest, as the p r o d u c t i o n obt a i n e d in d/4 is significantly lower than that o bt a i n e d with d/2 (66%). However, the trees were only s t i m u l a t e d twice rather than the plan n e d three times and the trial only
began in September. It will take longer before any c o nclusions
can be drawn.
T app i n g quality is med i o c r e and it is r e c ommended not to tap so deep and to reduce bar k consumption.
2.3. Ul u Jenut
T app i n g yields in d/3 are highly satisfactory (equal to or
greater than with d/2). The yields with d/4 are lower, though
not s i gnificantly so.
There are few wounds, but bark cons u m p t i o n is too high,
especi a l l y where reduced frequency applies.
2.4. B u k i t P e d o m a n III
Stimul a t e d redu c e d tapp ing gives the same p r o d u c t i o n as tapping in d/2, wi t h only 1 or 2 stimulations rather than the 2 or 3 planned.
Bark c o n s u m p t i o n is satisfactory, but panel wounds are numerous.
T otal p r o d u c t i o n is low because the trees were o p e n e d late (16th September) and r ainfall in November and Dec e m b e r was p a r t i c u l a r l y high (over 2,000 mm in two months).
2.5. B u k i t P e d o m a n I
On trees already o p ened for 6 years (panel B, v i r g i n bark),
stimul a t e d d/4 tapping gives p roduction 28% lower than d/2. The
d i f f e r e n c e lies on the verge of significance.
T a p p i n g qual i t y is mediocre. Cl oser supe r v i s i o n is req u i r e d in this trial: tapping and production collection.
2.6. U l u Pauh
On r e g e n e r a t e d bark the results of this DT are ver y sat i s f a c t o r y
(+25% in d/3 and +18% in d/4). Stim u l a t i o n was car r i e d out
co r rectly on the right dates.
U p ward 1/4 S d/3 tapp ing is particularly p r o d u c t i v e and the results over 1 year will no doubt make it pos s i b l e to c o nsider tapping in d/4.
In reality, tapping quality is average but u p w a r d 1 /4S
c o n s u m p t i o n was 25 cm as opposed to the planned 10 cm, i.e. mor e than twice the norm.
2.7. B u k i t Tempoi I
The response to tapping in d/4 is very low and s i g n i f i c a n t l y less
than that of the cont rol (52%). However, the correct numb e r of
s t i m ulations were carried out.
T a p p i n g qual i t y is mediocre, especially on u p ward 1/4S, with co n s u m p t i o n three times higher than the norm (30 cm in 6 months). Up ward tapping has not been completely mastered, w h i c h might expl a i n the low produ c t i o n obtained.
5
2.8. B ukit Tampoi II
Unlike the previous trial, the tapping results in d/4 are h i ghly
satisfactory; produ c t i o n is significantly h i gher tha n that of
the control (+29%). GT1 responds well to d/4 tapp i n g on
r e g e n e r a t e d bark.
Upward tapping was begun too late for interpr e t a b l e results. Wounds are numerous but bark consumption is satisfactory.
2.9. Bukit K e r e m o y i a n g
On R R I M 600 the d/4 results (78% of d/2) are not as good as on GT 1 , but the diffe r e n c e compared to the d/2 control is not
significant. Upward tapping gives good production, even in d/4,
wh i c h seems to be the best frequency given bark c o n s u m p t i o n which, in these plots, is double the norm.
With d ownward tapping, bark c o n sumption is satisfactory.
However, parti c u l a r a ttention should be pai d to tapping quality: many wounds (especially in task No. 57 where the tapper o u g h t to be changed) and u n tapped trees.
2.10. B u k i t Pedo m a n III
It was planned to open this plantation in June 1991 in 1/2S d/3
ET 2.5% 0.7(1) 4/y. The shortage of tappers d e l a y e d o p e n i n g
until January 1992. The bark consumption and p r o d u c t i o n o b t a i n e d
are very satisfactory, even in the absence of s t i m u l a t i o n
3. Applicability of reduced frequency tapping
B e a r i n g in mind:
- the init ial provisional results o b t a i n e d in the DTs,
- p r evious results o btained by RR I M in Malaysia,
- the results obtained in Afri c a with r e d u c e d frequency
tapping and stimulation since opening.
In cases w h e r e there are m a npower s h o r t a g e s , the following
r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s can be made:
- o p e n i n g trees, or tapping on v i rgin bark, in d/3 w i t h 4
s t i m u l a t ions/year :
1/2S d/3 6d/7 ET 2.5% 0.7 () 4-6/y
- tapping on regenerated bark in d/3 or d/4:
1/2S d/3 6d/7 ET 2.5% 1 (1) 8/y
1/2S d/4 6d/7 ET 2.5% 1 (1) 10/y
And in cases w here there are many dry t r e e s , tapping in up ward
1 /4S d/4, alter n a t e d with downward 1/2S
1/4S Z 1 d/4 6d/7 ET 5% 1 (1) 12/y
N.B. It is essential that this r e d u ction in tapping i n t ensity be a c c o m p a n i e d by an improvement in tapping q u a l i t y and wound t r e a t m e n t .
The re d u c t i o n in tapping costs per hectare should make it pos s i b l e to introduce incentive bonu ses for tapping quality.
4. Continuation of the Project
4.1. T r i a l s u n d e r way
The r esponse to stimulation and redu ced tapping frequency grea t l y
d epends on climatic and phenotypical c o n d i t i o n s and must
therefore be obs e r v e d over a mini m u m of a year. In o r d e r to
c o n f i r m the results in the m e dium term, a s e cond year of
o b s e r v a t i o n s is necessary.
In o r d e r to eliminate any tapper effect, it is r e c o m m e n d e d that a tapping task rotation system be introduced after 1 year of trials, i.e. in July 1992, or that tappers be c h a n g e d (see example below): Tr e a t m e n t Ta pper 1991-1992 Tapper 1992-1993 1. Green a c or f 1. Green b d or g 2. Black c e or h 3. Y e llow d a or i 4. Red e b or j
In DTs 1 to 4, tree r e c u p eration will take place 6 to 12 m o nths after o p e n i n g (March to July). It is p r e f e r a b l e no t to p r o c e e d with ne w tapping task distribution.
A new stim u l a t i o n schedule has been drawn up, taking cl i m a t i c const r a i n t s into account (Table 3). It is ne c e s s a r y that a gap of at least 3 weeks be respected bet w e e n two stimulations. Upward 1 /4S tappings in d/4 on DTs 8 and 9 should onl y be stimul a t e d 10 times a year.
4.2. Pilot plant a t i o n s
It is pro p o s e d that reduced frequency tapping be i n t r o d u c e d on
ten or so p l a ntations seen and selected during our visit. Each
of them c o rresponds to a given age, clone and zone, for w h i c h m a n p o w e r a v a i l ability problems have arisen.
Table 4 sums up the characteristics of these p l a n t a t i o n s and figure 4 their location.
8
4.2.1. U L U PAUH
As there are onl y 75 tappers for 187 tapping tasks and given the results o b t a i n e d in the DTs, a change can be ma d e to 90 tasks in 1/2S d/3 6d/7 ET 2.5% 1(1) 8/y, which w o u l d make it p o ssible to tap a further 15 tasks.
4.2.2. P U L A U B E L A N T I K X
The sho r t a g e of tappers on site means that they have to be
b rou g h t in from 50 km away. C h anging to 1/2S d/3 ET 2.5% 8/y on
the 436 ha w o u l d make it possible to reduce the n u m b e r of tappers r e q u i r e d from 135 to 90.
4.2.3. K A M P O N G K OK
W i t h a r e d u c t i o n in the nu mber of tappers from 52 to 27 for 81 tap p i n g tasks, a frequency of d/3 ET 2.5% 1(1) 6/y will have to
be i n t r o d u c e d throughout the 107 ha. The p l a n t a t i o n was
s t i m u l a t e d on 15/10/91 wit h 1.25% Ethrel and is properly
s u p e r v i s e d .
4.2.4. PESA G I I, II and III
P l a n t a t i o n s I and II, set up from 1983 to 1985, hav e yet to be
o p e n e d due to a shortage of tappers; at PESAGI II, tappable tree
d e n s i t y is 470/ha for 495 existing trees/ha. It is r e c ommended
that each of the plantations be tapped using a d i f f e r e n t system: d/2, d/3 and d/4, so as to compare the yields o b t a i n e d with these three tapping systems on a commercial scale, under identical e n v i r o n m e n t a l conditions, and wit h largely e q u i v a l e n t clonal d i s t r i b u t i o n .
PESAGI I d / 4 ET 2.5% 0.7(1) 6/y (cf ULU JENUT)
PESAGI II d/3 ÇT 2.5% 0.7(1) 6/y
PESAGI III d/2 unstimulated.
4.2.5. B A T U EMPAT
At this plantation, wit h tapping on r e g e n e r a t e d bark, a switch to d/4 w ould make it possible to tap v i r tually the en tire area p l a n t e d with the available nu mber of tappers (120 tasks instead of 147).
1 / 2S d/4 ET 2.5% 1(1) 10/y.
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4.2.6. P A Y A LUAS
Given the high nu mber of dry trees, it is a d v i s e d i n i t ially to tap in u p w a r d 1 /4S d/4 ET i $ 5 % 1(1) 10/y w i t h 5 tappers (20 tapp ing tasks) in the most affected tasks.
The re m a i n d e r of the plantation (84 tasks) will be t a pped in 1/2S d/3 ET 2.5% 1(1) 10/y.
4.2.7. U L U Y OH
Wi t h 60 tappers for 180 tapping tasks, this p l a n t a t i o n will be o p ened in d/3 with 4 stimulations per year (cf ULU ROKAN).
1 /2S d/3 ET 2.5% 0.7(1 ) 4/y
4.2.8. K A M P U N G AWAT
Despite 35% of untapped tasks (12% due to tapper s h o r tages and
23% to rain), trees in the third year of tapp i n g give
sat i s f a c t o r y yields (820 kg/ha in 1991). It is p o s s i b l e to
compare d/2 and d/3 on a commercial scale by sp l i t t i n g the p l a n t a t i o n into 5 blocks, A, B, C-, D and E, w i t h 32 tasks each. Blocks A, C and E should be tapped in 1/2S d/3 ET 2.5% Pa 0.8(1) 6/Y and blocks B and D in uns t i m u l a t e d d/2, i.e. 72 tappers for 180 tasks.
Tapp i n g qual i t y is good, wounds are tended, but c o n s u m p t i o n is too high.
4.2.9. T E B I N G TINGGI I, II and V
On these plantations, 14 to 44% of the tasks hav e be e n lost due to ma n p o w e r shortages.
The f o l lowing is proposed:
I : 1/2S d/4 ET 2.5% Pa 1(1) 6/y
II and V : 1/2S d/3 ET 2.5% Pa 0.8(1) 6/y
4.2.10. M AWAI BARU
There are no longer enough tappers to tap the enti r e are a and it is r e c o m m e n d e d that 126 tasks be ta pped in d/3 s t i m u l a t e d 10 times/year (cuts are on regenerated bark) 1/2S d/3 6d/7 ET 2.5% Pa 1(1) 10/y and, as an experiment, 20 tasks in 1/4S / ' d / 4 ET 5% Pa 1(1) 10/y.
This p l a n t a t i o n was opened in Jan u a r y 1992 in d/3 and will be s t i m u l a t e d as planned, 4 times per year:
1/2S d/3 6d/7 ET 2.5% Pa 0.7(1) 4/y 4.2.11. B U K I T PEDOMAN III
r
1 1
5. Economic Study
This study uses the formulae set do w n in the p u b l i c a t i o n by J.M. ESCHBACH, 1986, Weekly Tapping of R u bber Trees: Agronomical, P h y s i o l o g i c a l and Economic Aspects, J. Nat. Rubb. Res. 1(4) 218.
G ross revenue/ha/year: R = Y (1 - z) ( P j - a ) + z P2a
Y = kg/ha / y e a r
z = p e r c e n t a g e of scrap
P, = p rice of latex P2 = Price of scrap
a = incentive rate of latex
E x p l o i t a t i o n cost : C = W .N D + S T
W = d a i l y wages (premiums, social charges, supervision) N = annual number of tappings per hectare
D = d e n s i t y of tappable trees per hectare S = s t i m u l a t i o n cost per hectare per year T = tas k (trees per tapper)
P r ofit : B = R - C
5.1. N o tapper shortage
We a s sume that:
z = 0 . 3 for d/2 and z = 0 . 2 7 for d/3
Pj = M$ 2 and P2 = M$ 1.75
d/2 : R2 = (1.93 - 0.70 a) d/3 : R 3 = Y (1.93 - 0.73 a)
and that r
N 2 = 1 5 0 for d/2 and N3 = 1 0 0 for d/3
D = 320 trees/ha
T = 500 trees/task
S = M$ 52 for 8 stimulations/year
d/2 : C 2 = 96 W d/3 : C 3 = 64 W + 52
The o ther costs are fixed, or i n d ependent of the tapping
frequency, as a first approximation.
1 2
The gains obtained in manpower wit h t apping in d/3 wil l therefore be :
B 3 - B2 = (R3 - C 3) - (R2 - C2) = 32 W - 0.03 Ya - 52
i.e. M$ 28 0/ha/year for a = 0.44 and W = 9
which, for 30,000 hectares tapped at FELCRA, means 6.6 mil l i o n dollars per year.
Y i e l d v ariations (Y) or production bonuses (a) hav e little effect on B 3 - B2 (figures 5 and 6).
However, the difference is more s e n sitive to variations in W (figure 7).
Fo r the same profit, tapping in d/3 w o u l d make it p ossible to increase tapper payment from M$ 9 to M$ 12.5/day.
5.2. W i t h a shortage of tappers
Wi t h only 2/3 of the required tappers (100 tappings/ha/year) or 2/3 of tasks tapped, we have a p r o d u c t i o n potential, Y, of:
N2 = 100 whe n Y2 = Y x 100 for d/2 150 N 3 = 100 whe n Y3 = Y for d/3 R2 = 2_Y (1.93 - 0.70 a) C2 = 64 W 3 R 3 = Y (1.93 - 0.73 a) C, = 64 W + 52 B 3 — B2 = Y (0.64 - 0.26 a) - 52
For Y = 1,250 kg the difference in profit amounts to ar ound M$ 600/ha/year (Figure 8).
5.3. Wa g e Structure
In d/3, the tapper's production bonus is increased by 50% for 13 k g / t a p p i n g / d a y :
in d/2 : 13 x $ 0.44/kg x 25 d a y s / m o n t h = $ 143/month
i.e. in d/3 : 143 x 1.5 = $ 215/month
1 3
The benefit derived from reducing tapping frequency sh ould go some way towards introducing a tapping q u a l i t y bonus.
In the most unfavourable hypothesis, w h e r e the n u mber of tappers is not a limiting factor, income per h e c t a r e is h i g h e r by about $ 220/year for tapping in d/3, which c o r r e s p o n d s to 220 x T/D x
1/N x 1/12 = $ 5 7/t a p p e r / m o n t h .
The ga i n th erefore applies both for the tapper ($ 72/month) and for F E L C R A ($ 220/ha/year or $ 5 7/t a p p e r / m o n t h ).
One can therefore reas onably introduce a s u f f i c i e n t l y incentive tapping quality bonus for tappers.
If the cost of such a bonus is cove r e d equ a l l y by the additional income of both tappers and FELCRA, it could amount to (72 + 57)/2 = $ 65/month.
It is not unreasonable to vary the qual i t y bonus from $ 0 to
$ 100/month. This bonus could be c a l c u l a t e d u sing the example
in the IRCA technical data sheet, w h i c h has alre a d y bee n supplied to FELCRA.
r
1 4
i
Tableau No. 1
Characteris tic s of Demonstation Plots on Virgin Bark N° Scheme State 1 BENDANG MAN KEDAH 2 ULU ROKAN NEGRI SEMBILAN ULU JENUT PAHANG 3 BKT PEDOMAN JOHOR 4 3 5 BKT PEDOMAN 1 JOHOR Soil Rain m m days Rengam 2 1 5 9 8 3 Rasak 1 5 9 3 1 46 Batu Lapan 2 0 1 7 1 40 Kuala Brang 2 5 0 8 181 Kuala Brang 2 5 0 8 181 Clone PR 26 1 ( 3 5 ) PR 2 5 5 ( 3 5 ) GT 1 ( 3 0 ) RR 6 0 0 ( 7 0 ) GT 1 ( 3 0 ) ' RR 6 0 0 ( 5 0 ) GT 1 ( 4 5 ) Others ( 5 ) RR 6 0 0 ( 5 0 ) GT 1 ( 4 5 ) GT 1 ( 8 0 ) Others ( 2 0 ) Planting S t a n d / h a 1 9 8 3 4 9 0 1 9 8 2 4 5 6 1 9 8 4 4 6 4 1 9 8 4 5 1 4 1 9 7 7 4 4 8 Opening Starting Pannel S t a n d / h a 1 1 / 0 7 / 9 1 1 1 / 0 7 / 9 1 A 1 , 4 m 3 4 8 1 9 / 0 9 / 9 1 1 9 / 0 9 / 9 1 A 4 2 8 0 4 / 0 8 / 9 1 0 4 / 0 8 / 9 1 A 1 .2 7 m 4 2 0 1 6 / 0 9 / 9 1 1 6 / 0 9 / 9 1 A * 2 6 0 0 7 / 8 6 1 0 / 0 7 / 9 1 B 2 8 2 Treatments
d / 2 1 green 1 green 1 green 1 green 1 green
d / 3 4 / y d / 3 6 / y d / 3 1 0 / y 2 black 3 yellow 2 black 3 yellow 2 black 3 yellow 2 black 3 yellow 2 yellow d / 4 6 / y d / 4 8 / y
4 red 4 red 4 red 4 red
Tableau No. 2
Characte ris tic s of Demonstation Plots on Renewed Bark N° Scheme State 6 ULU PAUH PERLIS BKT TAMP0I 1 KEDAH 7 BKT TAMPOI KEDAH 8 2 9 BKT KEREMOYANG JOHOR Soil Rain m m days Jitra 1 8 7 3 1 26 Jitra 1 9 2 3 1 13 Jitra 1 9 2 3 1 1 3 Gajah Mati 2 1 8 4 157 Clone RR 6 0 0 ( 7 0 ) GT 1 ( 1 5 ) GT 1 ( 6 0 ) RR 6 0 0 ( 2 CO GT 1 ( 1 0 0 ) RR 6 0 0 ( 1 0 0 ) Planting S t a n d / h a 1 9 7 0 4 0 0 1 9 7 2 4 4 8 1 9 7 4 4 4 8 1 9 7 3 4 0 0 Opening Starting Pannel S t a n d / h a 0 5 / 7 9 0 6 / 0 7 / 9 1 C, D 0 7 / 8 1 0 1 / 0 7 / 9 1 C 261 0 4 / 8 3 1 1 / 0 7 / 9 1 B, C 0 5 / 8 0 0 5 / 0 9 / 9 1 C 3 2 3 Tre atm en ts d / 2 d / 3 1 0 / y d / 4 1 0 / y 1 green 2 yellow 3 red 1 green 2 yellow 3 red 1 green 2 yellow 3 red 0 1 green 2 red 1 / 4 s d / 3 1 / 4 s d / 4 1 0 / y 1 2 / y
4 blue 4 blue 4 blue
5 black
3 blue 4 black
Date of S tim ulation on Demonstration Plot Tableau No. 3 Sc he m e T r e a t. Task 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 1 2 Bendang 2 black 4 5 12 X X X X Man 3 yellow 3 8 9 X X X X X X 4 r e d 2 6 1 1 X X X X X X Ulu 2 b la ck 2 6 1 0 X X X X Rokan 3 yellow 3 7 1 1 X X X X X X 4 r e d 4 8 12 X X X X X X Ulu 2 b la ck 4 8 1 0 X X X X Jenu t 3 yellow 1 7 1 2 X X X X X X 4 r e d 2 6 1 1 X X X X X X Bukit 2 black 11 1 8 X X X X P e d o m a n 3 3 yellow 1 2 5 1 0 X X X X X X 4 r e d 3 4 9 X X X X X X Bukit 2 yellow 5 8 1 1 3 X X X X X X P e d o m a n 1 3 r e d 1 6 9 1 0 X X X X X X X X Ulu 2 yellow 1 4 4 6 0 1 4 8 X X X X X X X X X X Pauh 3 r e d 5 8 1 4 6 6 3 X X X X *X X X X X X 4 blue 5 9 1 4 5 1 4 7 X X X X X X X X X X Bukit 2 yellow 8 4 1 0 X X X X X X X X X X T a m p o i 1 3 r e d 7 2 1 2 X X X X X X X X X X 4 blue 6 3 1 1 X X X X X X X X X X Bukit 2 yellow 1 1 1 0 4 X X X X X X X X X X T a m p o i 2 3 r e d 8 1 3 3 X X X X X X X X X X 4 blue 7 1 4 9 X X X X X X X X X X 5 b la ck 2 1 5 5 X X X X X X X X X X Bukit 2 r e d 5 9 5 2 5 6 X X X X X X X X X X K e r e m o y i a n g 3 blue 5 5 5 4 6 0 X X X X X X X X X X 4 b la ck 51 4 9 5 8 X X X X X X X X X X
V Tableau No. 4 State SCHEME Hg 1 T - l H Planting Opening Pannei Clone S.P.H. T otal Tapped Tasks Tappers Soil Propos. Tappet Task 3erlis ULU PAUH 3 6 0 l i o 1 9 7 ^ -1 9 7 9 C. D RR 6 0 0 1 00% 7' ¿ n ' ¿ r y f c > V < n i s / 2 7 8 2 3 8 187 75 Jitra d / 3 d / 2 trial 30 42 5 9 0 84 12 - 4 y y <edah PULAU BELANTIK 1 4 3 6 1 9 7 6 1 9 8 5 B GT 1 80% PR 261 20% 3 3 0 3 1 4 2 7 0 1 35 Durian Muchong d / 3 90 2 7 0 Kedah KAMPONG KOK 107 10> 1981 1 9 8 8 B GT t -’40% PR 261 40% PR 2 5 5 20% 4 6 0 4 1 6 81 27 d / 3 27 e ^ V : ^ n s - H*** ■ ^ b -’ahang PESAGI 1, II, III 1 0 2 5 1 9 8 3 - 8 7 1 9 9 2 A GT 1 3 0 - 4 0 % RR 6 0 0 50% Others 1 0 - 2 0 % 4 9 5 291 1 46 Alluvium deposit I d / 4 ¿/t, II d / 3 i/L III d / 2 28 4 4 25 111 130 50 pahang BATU EMPAT 3 6 9 1 9 7 0 1 9 7 8 C D 2 0 5 1 47 40 Durian Muchong d / 4 /»/$. 40 120 Pahang PAYA LUAS 2 1 3 1 9 7 1 - 7 2 1 9 7 9 C D 2 3 5 1 04 Rasau d / 3 1/45 28 5 8 4 20 Negeri Sembilan ULU YOH m
ye*.
1 9 8 3 4 1 9 9 2 A GT 1 £.,30% RR 6 0 0 ^J & 0 % Other? J 4 % W 3 fcc 180 60 d/ 3 « A 6 0 1 80 'Jegeri Sembilan KAMPUNG AWAT 3 4 8 1 9 8 0 5 / 9 0 A £ l 4- 25% RR 6 0 0 60% PR 261 15%“ 3 7 8 2 9 7 180 95 Alluvium Durian Gaiah Mati d / 2 d / 3 36 36 72 108 Johor TEBING TINGGI 1, II. V - 4 0 9 2 i 9 7 f r - e + - 1 9 8 6 - 8 - 9 " A GT 1 4 0 - 7 5 % RR 6 0 0 20% PR 261 20% 5 ? i 3 4 5 2 7 3 4 8 0 Durian Ga¡ah Mati I d / 4 II d / 3 V d / 3 ; 52 47 44 o n Q z ú a +40 1 3 2 -Johor MAWAI BARU 2 3 6 « t 1 9 7 ^ 1 9 3 T C -0 -' RR 6 0 0 ^ 5 % GT 1 ¿15% 3 0 9 1 46 6 0 Rengam d/3 /¿/V 1 / 4 S d / 4 42 5 4-2-6--20 Johor BUKIT PEDOMAN III 2 6 8 H i 1 9 8 4 1 9 9 ^ . A RR 6 0 0 50% GT 1 45% Others 5% 5rf-4 1 40 Kuala BrangPohoi Kuah d / 3 triol V i 43 5 1 2 Total - J 4 6 7 4 [ 1 7 3 4 21 78 fcA-Ai/ 31 1170 D W b&o é s / -ft, s/s\ <(» / • (r Oa-4 : 1 /l { * /ï f a S d / W í <¿l~ - t f s ‘i S -" Ü - ü ï * l i l t fifi ¿oo r o / ¿ y n S 'i/. Cn¿.t~U Z\ -s " A f i s ¿MD 4L v n
s
/
j i
V i t S / J l y j iDate of stimulation
on new pilot plantations Tableau N o . 5
P la nta ti on S t i m / y e a r - - r r i M r : - : ■ . = 3= 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 ULU YOH 4 1 1 1 1 KAMPONG KOK 6 1 5 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 5 PESAGI 6 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 5 KAMPUNG A WAT 6 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 5 TEBING TINGGI 6 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 5 PULAU BELANTIK 8 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 ULU PAUH 8 1 5 1 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 BATU EMPAT 1 0 1 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PAYA LUAS 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m a w a i BARU 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
K
g
/P
io
Figure N o . 1 1 4 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0BENDANG MAN ULU ROKAN ULU JENUT BK PEDOMAN 3 BK PEDOMAN 1
Localisation
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y H
1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y f~~^1 1 / 2 S d / 4 8 / y
Figure No. 2 3 0 0 0 ■ 2 5 0 0 2000 ■ 1 5 0 0 -1 0 0 0 5 0 0
-until 31 / 0 1 / 1 9 9 2
174 ULU PAUH 129 2 4 8 1 0 0 78 H P 0 m & m . BK TAMPOI 1 BK TAMPOI 2Local isation
BK KEREMOYANG1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
m
1 / 4 S d / 3 1 0 / y
1 / 2 S d / 3 1 0 / y *
1 / 2 S d / 4 1 0 / y
1 / 4 S d / 4 1 2 / y
:vvu
Figure No. 4 : Localisation of pilot plantations
M $ / h a / ye ar M $ / h a / y .
Benefit in M $ / h a / y e a r accord ing to K g / h a / y e a r a = 0 .4 4 M $ /k g W=9 M $/day
Y K g / h a / y
m d /2 - I - d /3 I
Figure No. 5
Benefit in M $ / h a / y e a r ac cord ing to incentive ra te fo r latex
Y=1 250 K g /h a /y W=9 W$/d a M $ / K g M $ /h a /y e o r * M $ /h a /y e a r
Benefit in M $ / h a / y e a r according to daily wage of tapper Y = 1 2 5 0 k g / h a / y a = 0 .4 4 M $ /k g
W M $ / d a y
d /2 —t— d /3
Figure No. 7
Benefit in M $ / h a / y e a r according to potential K g / h a / y e a r a = 0 . 4 4 M $ /k g W=9 M $ /d a y
Y K g / h a / y
R e d u c e d F r e q u e n c y Tapping on BENDANG MAN
I Titre de l'essai ||__
Noms des Traitements
1 d/2 NS
2 d/3 4/y
3 d/3 6/y
4 d/4 6/y
CUMUL K G SEC / PARCELLE lbendang 31/ 8/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 725.60 781.20 596.50 701.10 2 583.00 760.40 505.40 616.27 3 731.70 693.20 712.50 712.47 4 773.90 814.60 630.50 739.67 m o y . 703.55 762.35 611.22 '692.37
CUMUL N O M B R E DE SAIGNEE lbendang 31/ 8/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 58.00 59.00 57.00 58.00 2 39.00 38.00 39.00 38.67 3 3 9.00 38.00 40.00 39.00 4 30.00 31.00 28.00 29.67 moy. 41.50 41.50 41.00 41.33
BENDANG MAN
Kg/ P l o t
Month
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y
1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
K g / T a p p e r / D a y
Month
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y
1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
Ü IF—
Titre de l'essai
R e d u c e d Frequency Tapping on ULU ROKAN
Noms des Traitements
1 d/2 NS
2 d/3 4/y
3 d/3 6/y
4 d/4 6/y
ANALYSE DE VARIANCE
DDL CARRES MOYENS TEST F FROBA E.T. C.V.
VAR. TOTALE
11
VAR.FACTEUR i
3
12093.33
3.17 0.0427
VAR.BLOCS 2
3656.0:
1.56 0.2642
VAR.RESIDUELLE 1
6
2337.42
¿£.33 ¿3.:*
CUMUL KG SEC / PARCELLE 2ulu rok 31/10/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 500.20 395.60 391.30 429.03 2 434.20 330.40 336.50 367.03 3 335.50 346.60 283.00 321.70 4 266.60 240.60 335.10 280.77 moy. 384.12 328.30 336.47 349 .63
Fi LIBELLES
HOYENNES GROUPES H0Í10GENES
i i
429.00
A
i
»367.00
A?
? 7
321.67
A5
4 i
251.00
c
CUMUL NOMBRE DE SAIGNEE 2ulu rok 31/10/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 34.00 33.00 34.00 33.67 2 23.00 24.00 21.00 22.67 3 23.00 *■ 24.00 21.00 22.67 4 17.00 19.00 17.00 17.67 moy. 24.25 25.00 23.25 24. 17 i
ULU ROKAN
K g /P lo t
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3
4 / y
1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
Month
K g / T a p p e r / D a y
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y
1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
^
S+i (MMonth
I Titre de 1 1 essai ||
R edu c e d Frequency Tapp ing on U L U JENUT
Noms des Traitements
1 d/2 NS
2 d/3 4/y
3 d/3 6/y
4 d/4 6/y
CUMUL KG SEC / PARCELLE 3ulujen 30/ 9/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 469.20 486.80 429.80 461.93 2 359.40 403.70 559.30 440.80 3 535.50 428.60 766.30 576.80 4 450.90 309.90 371.70 377.50 moy. 453.75 407.25 531.77 464.26
CUMUL NOMBRE DE SAIGNEE 3ulujen 30/ 9/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 44.00 42.00 34.00 40.00 2 23.00 25.00 27.00 25.00 3 29.00 ' 23.00 31.00 27.67 4 21.00 23.00 21.00 21.67 moy. 29.25 28.25 28.25 28.58
ULU JENUT
K g /P lo t
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y
-*r-1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
H----1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
Month
K g/ T a p p e r / D a y
Month
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y
1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
MA-u
Titre de l'essai
Reduced Fr e q u e n c y T a p p i n g on BUKIT PEDOMAN III
Noms des T r a i t e m e n t s
1 d/2 NS
2 d/3 4/y
3 d/3 6/y
4 d/4 6/y
CUMUL KG SEC / PAR C E L L E 4BKPED03 30/ 9/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 336.80 304.30 361.70 334.27 2 306.70 40 1.60 284.70 331.00 3 398.30 338.60 417.50 *384.80 4 228.80 383.50 342.70 318.33 moy. 317.65 357.00 351.65 342.10
CUMUL NOMB R E DE SAIG N E E 4BKPED03 30/ 9/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 2 19.00 21.00 17.00 19.00 3 21.00 16.00 21.00 19.33 4 11.00 15.00 15.00 13.67 moy. 20.00 20.25 20.50 20.25 I
BK PEDOMAN 3
K g /P lo t
Month
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
---,---1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y
---1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
— B—1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
K g / T a p p e r / D a y
Month
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 4 / y
1 / 2 S d / 3 6 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 6 / y
u
Titre de l'essai
Reduced F r e q u e n c y T a p p i n g on BUKIT PEDOMAN I
Noms des T r a i t e m e n t s
! 1 d/2 NS
2 d/3 6/Y
3 d/4 8/y
A NALYSE DE VARIANCE
DDL CARRES MOYENS TEST F PROBA E.T.
VAR.TOTALE 11 68317.53
VAR.FACTEUR 1 2 172322.56 4.19 0.0725
VAR.BLOCS 3 53357.63 1.30 0.3588
VAR.RESIDUELLE 1 6 41129.14 202.80
CUMUL KG S EC / P A RCELLE 5BKPED01 31/ 7/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait Rep. 1 2 3 4 moy.
i 1 1387.6 1565.9 1059.4 1192.6 1301.4
2 1149.9 1581.4 1473.1 996.00 1300.1
3 1099.5 874.90 918.90 870.80 941.02
moy. 1212.3 1340.7 1150.5 1019.8 1180.8
CUMUL N O M B R E DE SAIGNEE 5BKPED01 31/ 7/1991 31/ 1/1992
C.V.
... , — —
I Titre de l'essai ||
R e d u c e d F r e q u e n c y Tapping on ULU PAUH
No m s des T r a itements
1 d/2 NS
2 d/3 10/y
3 d/4 10/y
4 1/4S UP d/3 10/y
CU M U L K G SEC / PARCELLE 6ULUPAUH 31/ 7/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait Rep. 1 2 3 moy.
1 1603.2 1713.2 1571.8 1629.4 2 1951.2 2076.9 2078.9 2035.7 3 2027.5 1892.2 1855.4 1925.0 4 2708.9 2861.6 2952.6 2841.0 moy. 2072.7 2136.0 2114.7 2107.8 C U M U L N O M B R E DE SAIGNEE 6ULUPAUH 31/ 7/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait Rep. 1 2 3 moy.
1 69.00 r7 2 .00 69.00 70.00
2 48.00 48.00 45.00 47.00
3 35.00 32.00 34.00 33.67
4 48.00 48.00 45.00 47.00
S 3 5 0
ULU PAUH
K g/Plot
— m—1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3
1 0 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4
1 0 / y
1 / 4 S d / 3
1 0 / y
Month
K g /T a p p e r /D a y
-J---- 1---- 1---- 1---- 1---- 1---- T7
8
9
10
1 1 1 2
1
Month
Titre de l'essai
îduced frequency tapping on BUKIT TAMPOI 1
Noms des Traite ments
ANALYSE DE VARIANCE
1 d/2 NS
2 d/3 10/y
DDL
CARRES MOYENS TEST F FR0EA E.T.
3 d/4 10/y
VAS.TOTALE
11
6S351.70
4 1/4S up d/3 10/y
VAR.FACTEUR 1
3
2339%. 20
39.76 Q.0004
VAR.BLOCS
2
1.24 0.3552
VAR.RESIDUELLE i
Í5221.92
76.69
CUMUL KG SEC / PARCELLE 7buktaml 31/ 8/1991 31/12/1991
Trait Rep. 1 2 3 moy.
1 1265.0 1337.4 1371.9 1324.8 2 1316.5 1147.7 1173.7 1212.6 3 791.00 678.30 583.90 684 » 40 4 1120.3 1015.1 1091.2 1075.5 moy. 1123.2 1044.6 1055.2 1074.3
MOYENNES GROUPE:
1324.6?
1213.00
1075.33
624.33
A
AE
E
CUMUL N O MBRE DE SAIGNEE 7buktaml 31/ 8/1991 31/12/1991
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 m o y . 1 47.00 4Sf.OO 47.00 47.67 2 32.00 30.00 33.00 31.67 3 27.00 24.00 18.00 23.00 4 32.00 30.00 33.00 31.67 m o y . 34.50 33.25 32.75 33.50
HOMOGENE:
iBK TAMPOI 1
Kg/ P l o t
Month
— m—1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3
1 0 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4
1 0 / y
— E3—1 / 4 S d / 3
1 0 / y
K g /T a p p e r /D a y
y
/
/
p '/
f
'\
%
/
/
i
\
V*.%
\
V-. ....S
Q—
17
\i
8
9
1 i10
11
Month
i i12
1
. . .1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1/ 2 S d / 3
1 0 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4
1 0 / y
----E3----1 / 4 S d / 3
1 0 / y
Titre de l'essai
deduced F r e q uency Tapping on BUKIT TAMPOI II
Noms des Traitements
1 d/2 NS 2 d/3 10/y 3 d/4 10/y 4 1/4S UP d/3 10/y 5 1/4S UP d/4 12/y
ANALYSE DE VARIANCE
DDL
CARRES MOYENS TEST F
PROEA
E.T.
VAR. TOTALE
U
183925.27
VAR.FACTEUR 1
4626391.13
144.74
0.0000
VAR.BLOCS
2
13328.88
3.07
0.1017
VAR.RESIDUELLE i
3
4341.44
65.89
CUMUL KG SEC / PARCELLE 8BUKTAM2 31/ 7/1991 31/12/1991
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 666.20 788.90 918.30 791.13 2 783.70 815.50 978.10 859.10 3 997.60 1011.8 1093.4 1034.3 4 151.90 86.10 101.60 113.20 5 39.00 41.40 37.40 39.27 moy. 527.68 548.74 625.76 567.39
Fi
LIBELLES
MOYENNES
GROUPES
j
3
1034.33
A
2
2
g58.00
B
t
1
791.00
34
4
113.33
C
5
5
39.00
C
CUMUL NOMBRE DE SAIG NEE 8BUKTAM2 31/ 7/1991 31/12/1991
Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 53.00 57.00 51.00 53.67 2 35.00 35.00 40.00 36.67 3 24.00 28.00 29.00 27.00 4 7.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 5 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.33 m o y . 24.60 25.60 25.80 25.33 I
BK TAMPOI 2
Kg /P lo t
Month
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
---
1---1 / 2 S d / 3 ---1 0 / y
-*-1 / 2 S d / 4 -*-1 0 / y
K g / T a p p e r / D a y
1 / 2 S d / 2 NS
1 / 2 S d / 3 1 0 / y
1 / 2 S d / 4 1 0 / y
Month
I ‘'Titre de l'essai g'1
ed uced Fr e q u e n c y T a p p i n g on BUKIT KEREMOIYANG
Noms des Trai t e m e n t s
1 d/2 NS
2 d/4 10/y
3 1/4S UP d/3 10/y
4 1/4S UP d/4 12/y
C U M U L KG SEC / P A R C E L L E 9BUKEREM 30/ 9/1991 31/ 1/1992
Trait Rep. 1 2 3 moy.
1 410.70 384.70 654.70 483.37 2 339.00 425.70 359.20 374.63 3 958.80 1169.0 1463.2 1197.0 4 878.40 1027.2 877.20 927.60 moy. 646.72 751.65 838.57 745 .‘65 C UMUL N O M B R E DE S A I G N E E 9BUKEREM 30/ 9/1991 31/ 1/1992 Trait R e p . 1 2 3 moy. 1 37.00 39.00 41.00 39.00 2 21.00 22.00 23.00 22.00 3 26.00 28.00 33.00 29.00 4 20.00 23.00 23.00 22.00 moy. 26.00 28.00 30.00 28.00 I
