العدل بين الأطفال

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(16) KE2Fq' ‫א‬6 4)F ‫ '=א‬HF Y E3F { \ 5 14 2 1H 5 5 2>2~5 14 O 2 1'95z@‫א‬1 1 )2'95z@‫א‬1 } W %M Q 6# 6#،E4F( Z' ‫'>א א‬Y) ‫א‬H F‫)א‬v‫א‬:-Y-M$ ‫א‬y^)BA H8 N ? W =' @‫ א‬E5F {6 R ‫? א‬1 9 C 9 1 N2 E ?;. 5 / 1 KKK} W F E6FKyq' 6#، ‫ א‬4 E7F {K /x‫ א‬N9 E9 ; 1Y1) ‫ א‬ / 9 1'2^}W FN )##‫א‬p q' ‫ א‬WC ) I ، ‫( א‬$ ‫ א‬4 ،(q' ‫ א‬4 ،?@‫ א‬4 KyrzW=c ‫א‬،Hx‫א‬. H-FB ‫ =א‬q ‫א‬:' QHW*W> ‫' א‬ KE4H' 4 ،NH)@‫=א‬u$-YNYs 8H' ‫א א‬N C ) I K8$qT{ ‫ א‬Y،Bq ‫=א‬C) ‫א‬Y%4H' 4،N'4‫_=א‬J‫א‬Y%H ،E8FN' q ‫ א‬L ] W ]H#W =' )I ،4H' ‫_ ? א‬u ]) ،~ ‫^ א‬$ < ‫ א { ^) א‬J $AM- Bq ‫ = א‬Y) ‫א‬ p]#C^ E9F،4H' ‫א‬%A% ‫]א‬kc' ‫א‬C ) ‫~^א‬ Kj' ‫=א‬Y) ‫א‬ >HIC ) ‫ א‬،7‫א‬،H4 ‫ א‬x‫ > א‬C ) )F>4 KN'sq ‫א‬Bq ?ux‫א א‬p،TJ‫א‬ NT‫א‬s)> y‫)א‬43I ( ‫ ) = א‬s) ) % (>@‫ א ' א‬$F E11FKWL?NH3. 1'2HIN $HLY،E10FNT‫א‬q' ? ‫}>א‬W%MQ6#N ^- ) ‫א‬F?{$ ‫א‬$8%4@‫א‬ 27. ‫ א

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(19) %qv#) ‫ א‬،E12F {($Zx‫^א 'א‬s)#‫א‬$TH^T‫)א‬#‫')א‬ >H F،0‫א‬4^ WN'0‫א‬Cu$C6#>As3F>H 4 E13FK?x‫א‬6#‫א‬ W N )# ]) C % = { 4 u L H z {‫א‬$%M ‫ א‬،NH$?6z{‫א‬$]7I،NH$?6z{‫א‬$A ? z C^ H‫א‬$ >M H4 (@‫ א‬،NH$ ? 6z N^ E14FK@NH$?6z)^{‫א‬$y H*6]s‫א‬،>H$ % ‫א‬H 4Y-&Y¢ x‫א‬H z@‫א‬،P‫(א‬$)@‫א‬#) ‫א‬ >T‫א‬HT) ‫ (א '?א‬H ‫א‬CT ‫ א‬4، ‫?א‬NH>T‫=א‬NH4F E15FKL(‫א‬sAqH 6~ ‫א‬£Q ‫?א‬N=8،xq ‫א (א‬s)M)4 ?( C . -W6I?x‫א‬y %A2)^¤' ‫א‬j48?4{#J‫`א‬$ Y 81 Y ?A W] ‫( א‬q ‫ א‬NH 6I ! >' ‫א‬f 8‫ א‬ 2 .A# ) ‫א‬ K0‫א‬N¥YyB8Y?I،E16F@82 Cu$ c # K F0‫' א‬MJ‫ א‬fA¦$ q ‫^)' א‬N4]) TNr ZI،*NMCr‫א‬W) 0‫א‬6)*$C 6#>'0‫א‬ ?:-'4?8 #W6#}N.A/#}N>M%BIyL}< _~I،T =8،E18F$Bq ‫!א‬¥ ‫ א א‬A@0‫א‬6)*$?aF،E17F$M ) 4 KI ‫ א‬£A E19F@ Bq ‫ א‬¥$A ‫ ')א‬4 f f44 sI <$A ‫] א‬7‫א‬ G4W6I‫؟‬G4?W6I0‫א‬6)*$%M$63*، ‫ )א‬4KI ‫ א‬Q'N =8 f8 H ‫ )א‬، G4 6I ،‫ א‬C 6I ، ‫א‬ KE20FK8H ) ]) y ? ‫ א )א‬63 F NT&A* 0‫ א‬W ‫ א‬%^ 4 5 ;1;5T/‫;)א‬#}W6# F0‫א‬J E21F،y ‫א ) ?א‬63%A#H ‫א‬ `L >M ? %M Q 6# ،E22F {(; 1$1Z9x‫א‬1 2 .' ‫ א‬1^s2 );#1 ‫א‬f$1T 5 ;H95^/1 ‫ א

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(22) ?4§ ،f8 N'4‫ _ = א‬I KKE23F {f'528 N9 5 1 9 ‫א‬1)94 1 15T7 , ‫ א‬1'5H.11} E24FKK8NH4= ‫א‬:N4s. ‫א‬:N'6z TÏ'4‫_א‬s W>'0‫א‬Cu$?4‫א‬6# E25FK NH‫|)א‬4?6a z)^‫؟‬NE ce?NH -NH Fy ks3F_J‫=א‬KKK W<)' ‫]א‬7‫א‬6# ،E26FHAq ‫א‬¤q ‫)©א‬4%A#H J‫א‬c*_J‫=א‬kM‫א‬H ‫^אא‬،? ‫א‬ ?6z{‫א‬$A¢ 8 ،E27F@ 8H ) A' ‫א‬M@ ?%~I‫א א‬%ªA6J‫א‬%~I?y ‫א )א‬ks3F،E28F @ NH$ KE29F@?8_s oT%?H LM:*HT(^)M^ ‫א‬NA#N ‫' א‬T% ‫א‬ N‫א‬s)ÏNH -N46l% %4# ،oT% %4#)^ ،($) -،_szN %y‫)א‬4N4‫})א‬N$ (LP‫א‬HT ‫* א‬NH3 T NH H ‫ א‬A#$ $) ‫ ^ א‬CW c>A ‫ א‬6^- %^; ‫ א‬s) E30FKC ) ‫א‬ KI ‫א‬،MP‫א‬M ‫א‬Bq ‫א‬-N' p‫א‬% ‫א‬ks3F@ =kr=N411u N41u-C ) ‫א‬8‫אא‬:Ï p46L7‫ ]א‬4 K p‫א‬KNT?D ‫א‬ «rJ‫א‬-6 6‫)א‬#J‫א‬6 IJ‫?א‬LJ4ks3 ‫א‬%q8= K1 XF%c*) ‫א‬J ،E31FNTs)^B ‫א‬6)qxNHI( cIY( )^: E32FK @‫)א‬4 ،yr ‫)א‬L‫ א‬#F‫ א‬N'4‫ א‬6 = ‫א‬W74 ' ‫_ ^) א‬J‫א‬ _J‫א‬UH E33Fyr?_J‫א‬C F-4'x‫ א‬H @‫א‬H'x‫א‬kÎ KN'AcTA3IN ($NYJ،H&q ‫_^)א א‬J‫ א‬4C ) ‫א‬-C I ‫א‬k^: 29. ‫ א

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(25) Y- AFY>T4'x‫א‬H @‫ `א‬،E34F_J‫ א‬Q'N ‫א‬QT7{$ ‫א‬%A#? E35F KAq ‫^ א‬B AFY،NH_ W23‫א‬#4$#5!6 .‫אא‬7 89#". K&‫^א‬NTHND8)^% ‫א‬6=Y) ‫• א@ ¬א‬ K‫ '>؟‬8‫א‬،>HIH^J‫ ]א‬ AY-NH_J‫א‬ W>'NHIWI)F? 4I6@‫=א‬C ) ‫• א‬ ،NT = Y) ^ jH ‫ א‬H^J‫ א‬#I J ،H^J‫ א‬6 K1 E36FKyr6=Y) ^)Y_4?I N'4‫ א‬6 = N Y I r _J‫¨ א‬I ،? ‫ א‬svY‫ א‬K2 J ،% ‫ א‬6 TH «8 ) ? U Cu ‫ = א‬،E37F@‫א‬ E38FKN'sr?@‫א‬B4K&،N C ‫א‬Y?C ‫א‬Cu ‫א‬ «8 Y 6@‫ = א‬NY J ،4 ‫ א‬C* ،‫א‬$A ) Y K3 jHI،N H~6@‫א‬$A@‫א‬، :N'lY4 ‫א‬C*،TH ‫؟‬6=Y>' 8‫ )א‬ q ‫ א‬K N ) =8 $A r U 4 ‫? א‬8 ) K4 K6@‫א‬ N ?% ‫=א‬tT7‫א‬N )6@‫=א‬C ) ‫א א‬yÎ)4 E39FKTH(M،!H4?،NH'ND%46@‫ א‬q ‫א‬ W>?=‫א‬0;0<‫א‬5!6+

(26) ‫!=א‬. NT3W ? % % I N M 6@‫ = א‬C ) ‫ א‬Y) ‫ א‬W OI)F ‫א‬: KNT% ‫א‬6TH K ‫*א‬-r? :-Mx‫א‬ s‫א‬:-N ?Bq ‫=א‬K'HI K1 ‫ א

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(29) > ‫א‬$)>" 'N H4-Mx‫א‬ s=% ‫א‬6!H4N ) K2 ‫א‬WC ) ‫?א‬N H4M‫ א‬TNHY$% ÏW E40FK6‫)א‬J‫!?א‬TNHI-yr6‫ א‬A*‫א‬N @،N H'F،NHIN4% ،% ‫א‬$M3C ‫א‬C ) ) Y=8WN'0‫א‬Cu$k |C4?4C?>'0‫א‬Cu$ c ?%T K(Q ‫א‬N3F % F،E41F> ‫א‬k^=yrs_J4L H * ® 4Y-HH ‫א‬6‫)א‬4FY}W%MQN )#]) ،6=CW C ¦ ©)A ‫*?א‬s %|%K&HH ‫ '= א‬J E42F{?8C^ E43F@H4J TAN ) J‫>)א‬I_J‫ א‬M=،N4¯ ?،=' ($) % ‫ א‬P‫ א‬$)@‫ א‬HH ‫ '= א‬K& NT‫ א‬4 ، Y U x‫ א‬،XI =' HH ‫ '= א‬M) ،6@‫ = א‬Y) NH^ ] 4 KN =Y) ‫א‬% ‫א‬K8X ،?8C^® 4 :NI6@‫=א‬NYkA4‫א‬MC ) ‫א‬K&*‫אא‬:Ï NI(MTNHK&*‫א‬6@‫א‬k8q }$‫אא‬:-،6 D8 H'& fIL ،E44F NHY Y-،6 THXI( 8‫א‬L3 =Y، ‫א‬%HA*=YCWHH ‫א‬6?C) ‫א‬L3Y‫ )א‬#? ‫א‬ Y / 1} W%M Q N )4 ‫)א‬Z8‫א א‬I H'r C ) ‫ א *)א א‬4Y‫ א‬%HA* {5 2>/ ‫א‬1)5/ =111H ‫)א א‬2F 1} W%M Q N )# {% , 9|1A 4 5 ;1'5H14 5 ;/ ‫א‬1)5/ ‫;;)א‬3S 1F M$ ،E45F { KKK °S;e =111H ‫ א‬61 ‫א‬1)5/ 1 );;3S 1 ?1 9 ‫ א‬. -,} W%M Q N )# ‫)א‬M {°S;e=111H ‫ א‬61 ‫א‬1)5/ 1 );;3S 1 ?1 9 ‫ א‬. -, } PyF <¬ ‫]א‬7‫א‬ $)@‫@ א‬4%J‫?א‬y¬‫א‬،‫*א‬Y‫א‬%HA*=HH ‫א‬6?LJ‫א‬ 31. ‫ א

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(32) KE46F{ @4%3HI}' ‫(א‬$)* (‫ א‬،H J‫!א‬H"? ،6|J‫!א‬HkM‫א )א‬،6 ($)=q# ،H ‫ א( א‬،HMY‫! א א‬I'@‫ א( א‬،HTT7‫ א‬H ‫ א‬ KH @‫א‬OAM‫א )א‬ W#A#‫א‬2$‫;א‬1‫"א‬A<‫א‬W@". %? &' ‫א‬KN FNT&A*K ‫א‬8 ~#‫א‬ AW%MQ6#LH F?N{ ‫א‬%A ? ،3 '@‫א‬ E47F@ )HI ? N 6# } _‫א‬F ? NL ]s % 0‫= ' א‬H % 1>5'9 K1 /1L1 (± 1 98‫א‬1 j \ S.T ?5 5 ;//1L <9 ‫ א‬5 ;.41$ ‫;)א‬.F‫ א‬ 2 .' ‫ א‬1>R/ 1}W6# ' ‫ א‬AW6# ' : E48F{° 19T1‫א‬f9/ Y f 1M,$12>5'9¢ . 141،1>1M51 ='4Y->' 8= 8%H~ 6hI،E49F@ _‫א‬F?]s ]s %u ‫^) *א‬E50F{5 ;/5F/ 0 9 ‫ א‬1 5'9 5 ;11S . -}6J‫?א‬N ،NHI H ‫ א‬W I)F ] 6J4 r % ‫ א‬،E51F' ‫ א‬U4 KE52F@KK¤q ‫…'>א‬²}? ‫!א‬I$AWN ) HI)'rN#)8K&*I،3 '@‫א‬%!H‫א‬$ NTYY 6|J‫ א‬U4 @‫ א‬q ‫א‬C^NFI =% K&*‫ א‬،N³ KNcT#?yQHlL <>Mt) *= W62 @‫א א‬C-D<‫;א‬1‫"א‬A<‫א‬W#B. H ‫!א‬H‫*)אא‬Y،? ‫א‬-kA*<JL %|U4tIY KH ‫ ]א‬،HTT7‫א‬ ،NFI %A# Nq 4 >HI x‫ ^) א‬N k| DJ‫ א‬6)* ‫>א א‬I ‫) )א‬Av % , 1&9' ‫א‬c'4U4‫ א )א‬A6)HI : 4N'4 6 _J‫' א‬s>W7‫ א‬I$،E53F @ ‫'א ¬ א‬H4 ‫ א

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(35) KH ‫א‬Nc'4U4 4?4 ' ‫?&_א '? ?א‬yrN&H&<$A ‫א‬L =8 =u$ Y 8‫א‬$ '4 ( C I ،H C4 CT W 6# NT 8‫א‬$ '4(?¯4‫א‬ HCT-W6I ¤' ‫=א‬F3I 0‫א‬6)*$ > F ‫^א؟‬% c* HAW6I ،0‫א‬6)*$ >W¯F3IH KE54F@sYU4‫א )א‬0‫)אא‬FIW6#‫؟‬YW6# >WYCTÏ ،:-CT > FIAW6# NT]7‫אא‬$M YCTÏ،6 =Y-CT > FYAW«AIA8?4‫אא‬$ ،@$)M= >WYCT-،‫^א‬qjHI AWe 4،@ $)M= >W AW6#}،@ <r‫> =^א‬WI AW yL ، @ K8=Y،s‫א‬sC4J‫א‬$،@:-IAW6#،=4W6#@‫א ¬*)א؟‬H -‫)א‬T) KE55F@…}}…c'4U4‫א )א‬AW6#NT، ¥Cc' ‫א‬ U4 6 ‫ א‬A - !H‫ א‬NM x‫ א‬s O‫){ א א‬h ? =NH~F!N'4Y_HKA*¢ x‫^אא‬kA*-،sYJ‫א‬ k6|J‫א‬U46 I ،kA ‫א‬n)qÝ« ‫ )]א‬4(¬ ‫¨א‬I NF)L KE56F4 ‫א‬O‫א א‬N4O$W@،e|4 N‫א‬Q ‫ ]א‬،CW pq@‫א‬kM،NH$s‫א‬IU4{ ‫א‬#-N>?Cu ‫א‬x‫א‬ KKx‫ א‬$)‫?א‬NF)*?eDjH ،>' *@‫!א‬Is Y، E57F%H~ ‫!א‬%q8‫א‬:- qYNF‫א‬: 8 ‫ א‬-µ 6|J‫! א‬H‫*)א א‬Y،%H~ AA* NHI q ‫ א ? א‬$A‫ א‬q K(Y) 6 4J‫ )]א‬،H ‫ ]א‬WHT}،HTT7‫א‬WYUq ‫א‬ W FN )#>']x‫א‬K86 4x4(P‫ א‬sJ‫אא‬p>' ?1 / )2'9S1 / 5 2^5$1 58‫א‬1 5 2^‫א‬1)5^/ !5 9A.1F Y / 1 N2 V ‫ א‬61 1QT/ [194 2>1'5H14 ;58‫ א‬, /1 } K8> ‫' א‬ A} ،Ur‫)א‬T- E58F { / 5H/ -, N2 V ‫ א‬61 1QT/ 1 , 5 14 33. ‫ א

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(42) K H @‫א א‬$ ‫א‬x4N ¹%4N k¸A~ ‫¨א‬I…6 ‫א‬$s-Iu-_q' ‫א‬6@‫א‬Y->HI ® ‫(א‬Q ‫*=א‬H# C9I1 5/#1}W FNT&A*6#(‫א‬%M$،ABU4QHH¹s6)x‫א‬ !E62F{(/ /.Q ‫א‬U 1 9F 1(/ .q ‫?א‬1 59#/1،=/ 5J ; ‫ א‬9 .H99^/‫ א‬ 1 R1A1F?1 5M.1A1FY / 1،?. ;9F)2H24 K6M ‫א‬%?p‫()א‬Q ‫א‬ AMO)HA ‫^?א‬$‫א*א‬ -N ?yr?NF@?u% ‫א‬y‫א‬$) ‫א‬¢·'A} ،< ‫ ^) א‬6º‫ א@ ¬ ^א א‬J ،N# NH = I Y- 6 N ? K8 NTJ ،N' < ‫ א‬q# q - ، F7‫ א‬%q8 # F74 K>4&J^‫א‬sk® ‫א‬sA ‫א‬t)8 ،H @‫א‬OAM‫א )א‬y^%6|J‫א‬U4t& C ‫ )א‬jH KCF3H*k^‫א‬yqª%HqF>HI>IO>J‫א‬4P‫א‬ WJ'DGHI‫א‬1‫"א‬A. H3 ‫א‬s Ne {)h K4 ‫ א‬4?4 ' ‫א‬¢ 8?#T‫א‬ %c‫)א‬L‫>א‬TY-، ‫א‬$)>"<$)^،sYJ‫א‬U4) ‫=א‬ } ،%H~ ‫!א‬ q8‫א‬:-H ‫א‬8 ،NAA* M‫א‬:-%H~ ‫א‬8W>' K) ‫א‬HH. 35. ‫ א

(43) אא‬ 2006 ‫א א

(44) א‬.

(45) W@"K‫א‬G

(46) A‫א‬L

(47) "W@". -CT) ‫&>א‬M$ ‫א‬$ ¥]7‫א‬،^D ‫] א‬7‫א‬k^: s$‫א )א‬C>' ‫א‬34‫א* )א‬،(ss|4NH~F!Nc'4 A _J‫א‬H Y$)‫א‬،$5)1MNT34N NTJ ‫א‬sI H 4?4 ' ‫א‬¢ 8 KE63Fy»~-) =?@ - NT-NHy H3F :- <^D ‫]א‬Q8?4‫א‬$W KKK^HIN NF)L-=%s) )@‫א‬C ،HNc'4 4 4'x‫א‬k^)^،E64F :%N $?y)4F¶C%~- 6 ‫=א )א א‬kWp)#L( ^h$A@‫?א‬4‫|א‬ KE65F>HIyr=^ 8%H~FNH]H ‫א‬ysYU4 . T q ‫א‬kA4)3kA*<J%H~ ‫)אא‬M] =4'x‫ א‬ E66F K …= ^s)M) ‫א‬N ? ‫א‬ $W{' ‫ א‬k8Y- ،E67F&H&q ‫א‬¢s8J‫ )]א‬4‫א* )א‬ ¬‫א‬،U#A ‫א‬:¨4‫א‬:-H 4>~ 4sYJ‫ א‬8Hq¼‫)א‬M:74،8 ‫ א‬H#(‫?א א‬N}$) %H~ ‫&א‬4 x‫א‬ N4 %~I s$ - NQ Nc'4 4 %~I ? NT := kF E68FC'F >TÏy ) ‫א‬H>TJ،E69F‫=א‬8?LP‫א‬kHqT]¹->~ 4 ?>Q 4Y½- E70FO)@4]QFY>T ¥]§ ‫א‬$O)@4]QF KH) ‫א‬%}$) ‫א‬: W@"K‫א‬G

(48) A‫א‬LEM‫א‬W#B. ?4‫ א‬$L‫ א‬،^‫ א א‬ A^: NAA* M ‫א‬:- ،^‫ ! א א‬%H~ ‫)א א‬M HANHI=' ^ 8H ‫א‬sYJ‫א‬U4) ‫)_א‬M‫ א‬# H 4Nc'4 8_J‫א‬L‫אא‬:Ï،HHF?4‫*]א‬7‫¾א‬HWy$L‫א‬،%H~ ‫א‬ FLP‫א‬،0 HM¦)3CWkA*s)M) >HI(sQ ‫א‬ ‫ א

(49) אא‬ 2006 ‫א א

(50) א‬. 36.

(51) =‫א‬:Ï ،Hq @‫= א‬6@4)'H H'rE Un ?LP‫א‬ ]§ `L‫א‬$C^?8 IN '0‫'!?א‬Nc¨40‫?א‬ KE71F ¥ M ?4‫ א‬s‫א‬s )4 ]7‫ א‬y‫א‬$ : = ‫ א‬# ?4‫ א‬6 *‫א‬ B 4N ?*? ‫א‬$‫ א‬M cN'4‫א‬%ª44? ¥ ،p])YU¢ 8 4?4 ' ‫א‬¢ 8¬‫א‬،E72Fy c*s ‫؟‬KKKN ))NT KE73F@N K86<:%AN )#W~k^@‫אא‬p > q#Ï،U#A 4 ‫?א )א‬$‫א‬u7‫ א‬q#] 4%H~ ‫) )*א‬4 H# KE74F) ‫א‬ AM : U4 6 ‫_ א‬A&*4 6) ‫ א‬- ‫)א‬AÎ H I ‫ א‬H @‫ א‬H'x‫ א‬ NQ'F^‫א‬yNT،^ ‫=אא ¬ )א‬8 &' ‫א‬sYJ‫א‬ ،>'U )~@‫)_א‬# 8) ‫!א‬#) : J،H 4>~ 4^ 8 KE75F(IT&H&%H~ ‫!א‬ q8-Ap‫א¬אא‬ ‫א‬:- NT‫ א ? א‬%~ ‫( א‬sQ4 %H~ ‫( א‬sQ ‫ א‬H'8 )4 ]7‫ א‬H# ‫א‬p KE76FN434I T ،>'N~I-6J‫א‬%U#A ‫א‬k>k&NT=H I ‫א‬T KE77FMx‫)אא‬F،kYNTY-s ‫א‬N k&*‫א‬Y- Nc'4 4_J‫א‬C‫א‬:-NTWH @‫?א‬CMA ‫ א‬H ) ‫)א‬4Cu ‫א‬ =‫א‬:-^‫ `?א א‬:N )½-،yNTÏ$7‫א‬%HA*= N'>D L ،NQF‫א‬r ^ 8 >4 >M ? NM) A ‫א‬ ?4‫א ' א‬¢ 8s$‫א )א‬C>' ¥ ،E78FN=^L 4HI ?،E79F ' NA^ < ‫ א‬A ‫ א‬: `)* N ? 4 = ، 4 {"7‫ א‬4 A3I U#A ‫ א‬$T- ] ! 4&q ‫ א‬4 % I ~ > s 37. ‫ א

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(53) א‬.

(54) KE80F>' N O‫א‬WB. U46 ‫אא*א‬:-O‫א‬QH@‫א‬cq‫א‬k8H ‫)א‬F6 ‫?א‬ !H")ª(Y) ‫=א‬kNT>c'4)ª4P‫?א‬kM‫א‬H ‫א‬sYJ‫א‬ KH ‫א‬6| =' @‫א‬k*'(QH@‫א א‬:Mx‫אא‬:W_)@‫א‬6 ‫?א‬NTÏ ،sYJ‫א‬U4،6|J‫א‬U44‫=א א‬DI¿‫!א‬،H ‫א‬N4L‫א <א‬ ‫>א‬FMH8‫'=א‬4J‫'&א‬NY6|J‫א‬U4t& jHI 4%~_ jH NT،E81FQHH ‫א‬%A#LUr‫)א‬T AA*)%H~ ‫א‬JN ^4،>'H4HIq ‫=א‬e8 4=Nc'4 KBx‫א‬C' ‫א‬T4،BA ‫א א(א‬ H ‫ א‬J ،q ‫ = א‬% K* ‫ א = א‬4 6 ‫ ? א‬jH ¦،H ‫_א‬A*JHA ‫א‬C~6 ‫½א‬-،>'% HZ F)* K!'@‫א‬C'F=8u$7‫א‬ %J‫ א‬W½-،) ‫)_א‬MY،t|7‫ =א‬%H~ ‫)אא‬MI W>'OY8Y-6|J‫!א‬H"U4) ‫א‬6 ‫)_א‬M KE82FNHI=' ^ 8K K H ‫«א‬HB ‫א‬6)q8] ?~K_ KN s‫* א‬Y‫א‬q ‫א‬% ‫=*א‬KM ? = ~ ‫ א‬$D'@‫>א א‬4 6|J‫ א‬- C ‫! א‬º‫ א‬DT )I ‫ א )א‬%qx ،H* HI¨ ‫{ א‬4 4 ) ‫ א א‬OY8 A¿‫א‬$s--<szNTÏ #،O‫א‬$ ‫א‬% ‫א‬6|U4< ‫א‬ !L7‫א‬ ‫ א

(55) אא‬ 2006 ‫א א

(56) א‬. 38.

(57) W0?PK‫א‬G= ‫;א‬0 ‫

(58) "א‬A‫?א‬8W ‫א‬%. (‫>!א‬M8k86|J‫א‬U46 x‫א‬C ‫א@)_?א )א‬ K ‫א‬OT-p‫)א‬8^$ >'H4 6 ‫ ^) א‬kM‫ א )א‬- ^D ‫ א‬k^: W? ‫ א ' א‬WY (‫ א‬: k Y ،Mx‫! א‬I W ' ‫ א‬J ‫ א‬k8 - $W } ) ‫)_ א‬M = HHF ?4‫*] א‬7‫¾ א‬HW T ،E83F>}‫א‬ KE84FMx‫'=א‬4%H~ ‫א‬ 6)#)ÛHTJ‫«א‬8% ‫א‬L3HI²‫א@א‬%)FWH ‫א‬WHT} - L k^: ، ¥‫ א‬H'x‫? ? א‬x‫? א‬4 ¦ H I ‫ א‬H @‫א‬ AWN'0‫א‬Cu$A?4‫א‬y‫א‬$@=TJ‫א א‬U4tYC~F ) ‫א‬ KE85F@1 ' ‫א‬ 2 .~ ‫א‬f 8~2 2 ')I9 .H91 ‫א‬sYU4‫א‬2R)1* >TJ ، x‫א‬y^ ‫?א‬H ‫א‬-M8)FA r(@‫א‬J K(Hx‫א‬H !Is q@‫ א‬KH&4 6x‫? א‬c‫א‬# )^ ) ‫ א‬HH ¬ @‫ א‬%x‫א‬ K`L>M?!I' ‫א‬q ‫א‬% s‫* א‬Y‫>א‬M?Mx‫* א‬،$~ ‫א‬ C4B ‫ א ( א‬qT 6| - %qF H ‫ א‬O‫ א@ א‬H >T Y q' ‫ א‬-O‫א@ א‬%qFY،¹ ‫=א‬NHI=~s=8C ‫א‬ 6| '|)H* HI- F &A=8Hu$J‫ (א‬C# ‫א‬C4)'‫א‬ KH HA ‫א‬O‫א א‬%4HTT7‫א‬O‫)!א@ א‬F)*>#?@(¬%4،{H‫א‬ ‫؟؟‬6º‫=^אא‬$'،t‫א א‬UI6| À >'H4 (‫ א@א‬6|J‫ א‬3 L3 C ‫! א‬º‫ = א‬I KH)u) !u 6)8 HHT)H <H' ‫ א@ א‬ECH4 6$F W H ‫ א‬F 39. ‫ א

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(60) א‬.

(61) 48 149 A T 1992 - 1945 '* ? NT ، 1996 ،E86F ‫ א‬6|J‫א‬ = ‫א‬s‫ א‬J<)' ‫א‬6 @‫א‬T)H23?%#-OsHHc$ Q، !* ‫א א‬ q8® ‫א‬OHI) ‫ א‬u= Q_x‫א‬y^ K ? ‫_א א‬x‫=א‬#s NH u A* 6I ، : ^* ¢ x‫ א‬6 ‫') א‬I $)F - 2 W4 $ 6|J‫& ? א‬u L # _x‫) א‬F E1990 - 1980F H%|)H? ، s )H 12 ،#-U 54 ،%H#)H KHT?$~%|U10?،s ( ‫א‬%| 330.000_x‫א‬ZHT‫)א‬F? ‫א‬s $ ^ 8Y)BTCI KKHA)@‫א‬%|490.000? Q)F( ‫א‬jT1988-1980? I)F=H ‫)א‬D'@‫(א‬$ #] =6 F L$ OI‫אא‬ ‫א ؟‬y^!% ‫= ]א א‬،6| ?J‫א‬ ¤*}3F<6|%#- C*7‫¾א‬$ ‫ א‬Á YU8 $ W346)T' ‫^א‬،s)q@‫א‬r،3‫א‬K|?Y-،>H $ Wsh=A~J‫א‬6 ‫א‬N'AF( &@‫א‬J‫א‬%A#?!I$< ‫א‬Y% ‫א‬ Ky‫?¦)א‬r H u) ‫א‬UT‫}א )א‬،)A' ‫א א א 'א‬n)qT F‫ א‬W fL N )# ‫?א א‬I ،،QHH¹ s' ‫ א‬% ،(Hx‫א‬Kx‫ א‬u = N )#' ‫?א‬،E87F{KKK 5 /9;#k ± 5T:1 < 3/4 5 /9Â2*(; s1 2 5)/@‫אא‬:1 -1}W FNT&A* KE88F@O'A ‫א‬sO>J‫א‬t)H].80‫א‬. -AW YWQ‫א‬%^‫א‬-N'0‫א‬Cu$_‫?א‬4_M¶ HAq ‫)א=א 'א‬4~Y،C*‫א@)א‬NHOM?=Y-Q‫)אא‬4~ $)>" k^ )^ E89FHAq ‫ א‬Y ' ‫)א א‬F Y F# ? ‫)א‬F# … KE90FA|# ‫א‬ ‫ א

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(63) א‬. 40.

(64) ،H 8T7‫א‬t)8?{I ‫)א‬T ‫א‬6M$NH -?F< ‫א‬J‫^)א‬ ،>HI M ^ ? H**J‫ א‬Ox‫ א‬T7‫ א‬t)x H4$J‫ א‬H#FYI KE91F ) ‫)א‬J‫א‬¥6 ‫א‬$Bq ‫א‬6|J‫א 'א‬¥ % ‫ א‬W= ' ‫ א‬s$ ،1989 ] % ‫ א‬t)8 H#F‫ א‬MAs ،L$#O‫אא‬M--،C ‫א‬CT A ‫א‬NZ~T] kA4 KE92F^ 4(sY) ‫א‬%A#A*'HT)T#¥ : % _ ‫ א‬%J‫ א ? א‬I)F ] W x‫ א‬q ‫? א‬ t)xH@ ‫א‬H#FY‫?¦*?א‬I،<s ‫א ')א‬$‫*א‬Y‫(א‬H& <$u ،nWJ‫ א‬K8 = >HF4 25 (s@‫ א‬ qT >T ]1948 ] T7‫א‬ &q ‫ = א‬DI& H @‫) א ) )` ? א‬J‫ א‬ qqL KE93FHÎ ‫א‬ ?#$s) )% ¢H8N'0‫א‬Cu$ N I‫)א‬BA :=$*،HMY‫?א א א‬y $U@‫א‬6 H4 E94FK>'0‫א‬Cu$C =!'‫א‬- ' ‫ א‬N'4Y ‫א‬I)F=6z6 < ‫_א‬J‫א‬ ! HW¹ ، ) ‫ ? א‬p‫! א‬I jA NF$ # ! ‫ א‬y = tT7‫א‬ KE95F$‫א‬uY$uYW( # | F ? _ = T ' À O 9 3 C u) ‫) א‬T I = < ‫ =_א‬،N}$N )?‫א‬:-L،‫א‬QM KE96F6|J‫א‬6^>H Ns AM )M ( 4 %| O ) NT ]Q8 ?4‫א א‬p K^qFkA4ONTJ،E97FU h ‫א‬$u ' ‫ א‬y % %W WH*7‫ א@~) א א‬$~ ‫א‬ NH kFF < ‫ א‬6^7‫ א‬E98F>D8 - {$ ‫ א‬q# ® ‫ א‬q@‫ א‬K 4 41. ‫ א

(65) אא‬ 2006 ‫א א

(66) א‬.

(67) KE99Fs @‫ א‬x‫>)¸א‬Iq ‫א‬4) ? F ،NM?6^-NM?qF،)>I6|J‫א‬U46 ‫ ]א‬ ‫؟‬L NM OD'@‫ א‬NHM)F HWF ،$Bq ‫א‬q=ex‫א‬$A ‫א‬H F kM)I %W6 -6)) ، W>M?® ‫^ א א‬J‫)א‬ªH ‫א‬HH#7‫א‬ y$‫ ~?א*א‬:I)H*7‫א א‬H F‫א ؟‬6|U4 KN )³ KKHI) ‫א‬C q ‫אא‬$?0‫א‬ WQ‫

(68) א‬R‫א‬ K473L1 ‫א‬x‫]א‬DT،Ci ‫א‬IeE1F K404403n& ‫ (א‬H ‫א‬WE2F K71P‫א‬4) ‫(א‬$)*E3F K1674L3 ‫א‬6e،k# H*E4F K111P‫א‬،‫*א‬7‫(א‬$)*E5F K351350L1* ‫)(א‬،CT)4q ‫א‬E6F K44P‫א‬،> ‫(א‬$)*E7F K817L2] ‫א‬C> ‫א‬%L @‫א‬،#$Q ‫ א‬¥=qE8F 227L2 OI‫ א@)א‬¤| ‫ א‬، &q ‫ א‬jT ? 1 op‫ א‬817L2 K4 ‫! א‬M@‫ א‬E9F ²$7‫א‬kHFF=OAq ‫_א א‬$#?_#JI_#J‫א א‬Y)،240 ysH%A#U'‫ =א‬8JYY:-sH@4Y) ‫ א‬AF،J‫!א(א‬kZx‫א‬ KN C Y?C Cu ‫א‬ K$ ‫א‬،$ ‫א‬9280Qc'‫<א‬$A ‫א‬E10F $H @‫א‬WH>I%cE]1993،^1414F 18s 5'*،( @‫א‬H> ‫א‬²)&A ‫א‬h E11F K229228n>$sYJ‫א‬H4FC ‫א‬ K06P‫א‬،& ‫(א‬$)*E12F n 28QM 10 hCT @‫א‬$ ،C*) J‫א‬،158nss)@‫א‬v،)‫א‬H#?4‫ א‬E13F ،157156. ‫ א

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(71) 45L13 ‫א‬DT‫א‬،&A ‫))א‬¹® ‫_א 'א‬4Ä ‫א‬N&H&<$A ‫א‬y‫א‬$ E14F ،1705 2263#$< ‫א‬،6s ‫]א‬7‫א‬%~I،($7‫א‬،1829#$ 46 K51473438L5 '@‫ א‬¥]7‫א‬2928#$s‫א‬s)4،227L8Cc' ‫א‬ <$A ‫ א‬I DT‫ א‬230 229 n 18 s ‫ א‬5 ' ‫ א‬، ( @‫ א‬H> ‫ א‬²)&A ‫ א‬h E15F K170n<)‫?א‬4Y' ‫]א‬8،200L2C ‫א‬QB H87‫א‬،440L10 ¢s8JC#‫א א‬Å¼DT‫א‬،N'0‫א‬Cu$(^)4¢ 8?<$A ‫א‬y‫א‬$¢ x‫ א‬E16F KE1F#$o^218L2? ‫)]א‬H8-،H87‫א‬ 0‫א‬Cu$ c¢ 8? '@4 ¥ '‫א‬$:}،‫^א‬y MC#‫א א‬6# E17F ، ? >T=8>F) >Hx$M* ) ? ^L H& s'*¨4،>' KE2Fo^218L2H87‫א‬ Q@ 16n ، ]1985^1405 ،HT)H ‫ א‬، ) ‫ א‬$ C*7‫ א‬Å>'@‫ א‬E18F 218L2 ¢s8J C#‫ א א‬Å¼ ،H87‫ א‬، <$A s@‫_ א‬sJ‫ א‬D'4 %Hq ‫א‬ K^ 4 ¯#$‫א א‬6#،?4‫א‬¢ 8?CT‫א ¬א‬y‫א‬$¢ x‫א‬،217L2? ‫)]א‬H8-E19F K5#$o^،217L2H87‫א‬WD'،?4‫=א‬N#J‫א‬W% ‫א‬ KK4 ‫!א‬M@‫א‬E20F K139ns) )@‫]א‬8ss)@‫א‬v،)‫א‬H#?4‫א‬E21F K06P‫א‬،& ‫(א‬$)*E22F K08P‫א‬،²)A' ‫(א‬$)*E23F K161139nss)@‫א‬v،H ‫?א‬4‫א‬E24F K137nNT$ q@‫א‬E25F K44L8H&W،<)' ‫א‬E26F K43L8<)' ‫ א‬4E27F {)º‫א‬، <)' ‫ א‬، 45 L13 178L5 <$A ‫ א‬I ، Z8 ?4‫ א‬،1829 #4 E28F K11L3 CTA J‫א‬WDT‫א‬،)In ‫?א‬4 H *?4¢ 8?< ‫א‬NML¢ x‫ א‬E29F ¦KHv،¢HA‫?א‬kH ‫א‬QHH¹ ،!A ‫?א‬4‫ א‬5231#$Bq ‫א!א‬H u #$ ¢ 8 ،416L1 6)J‫! א‬M ،}J‫? א‬4‫ א‬،1223 #$ ¢ 8 236 n ‫א‬ %* %4 WN )4 ¤^ ‫ א‬ys$ x‫ א‬N&& ،H u 6)>h y '* W6# ،218 #$، ¤' ‫א‬$ C 4F H *?4 J،%*kr6I< ‫א‬H u Iu¨4،ND q-،Z8 y' Y-W #،1953< ¢ x‫א‬ K}J‫^אא‬%A#O:® ‫א‬CT @‫א‬4 ‫ א‬sJ‫){א‬h K295L4%L @‫א‬،x‫?א‬4‫א‬WDT‫א‬،218L2،62L3H87‫א‬،C ‫א‬QB ‫א‬E30F K75L2]TJ‫א‬q]8J‫)א א‬#،] ‫ א‬A?4Q ‫א‬E31F 43. ‫ א

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