Annotated bibliography on vane testing in soils

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Annotated bibliography on vane testing in soils Hamilton, J. J.

CANADA Ser T H l . N21b5 no. 17 c * 2 BEm . - - --- .. . .

abutment alcove alignment apartment a arch

.

area ashlar attic a batten bay bearing a bevd b w r d bond

rbmy

-

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brick building bulkhead bungalow caisson causeway ceiling cellar cement r ceramic chimney clay concretd eave efflorescencq

pampet partition pediment pier pigment a pitch plan plaster plumbing plywood prefabricated quoins mftel( reinfoiced

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reveal roof sand sheathing specification stress r vermiculite wallboard weathering

.

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ThSs annotated bibliography 5s the P~SP;LB% of' a rev%ew o f WlSLsh l i t e r a t w e on the use of the vane

b o m a apparatus f o p detemdtning the bsBea~fng st~esngth of

soflare 'Pahe reflew was undektaken by the Soil Mes%lemn%ss

S e a o t l a ~ of the DfvSsrfon of BuiabBf~ ResgereB &wQag tb

eanXy sbages o f s p ~ c g ~ e m t o develop end e w l u a t e a fieldl vane eppa~atua fop use i n the m a ~ i n e clay ( L e a o l a y ) of

the Ot$@wa ana S t h w @ n @ e R99felf~ f oa1andls of Bastepa

C~nada 0

Id 9s p~eaennted as a p S d s t o the lftepatasgse on

th5a f n a ~ e a s l ~ g l y g o g u l a ~ method of" tes%fng ffne-g~e%fn@d

ea0fl8C3

Copies of shorter articles listed In this Bibliography may be obtained, In general, through the photocopying service of the Nation01 Research Council. Rates for this service are as follows: $1.50 far a photoprint of any article of not mom than 7 pages. An additional $1.50 Is neceswry far each additional 7 pages or fraction thereof. A discount will be allowed to the libraries of Cnnadian universities. Requests for photoprints should be addressed to the National Remarch Council, Onawa, Canada.

Coupons am h u e d by the Council valued at 5, 25, and SO cents. Theme can be used in payment for this service as well as cash (stamp am not acceptable), money order or cheque (payable at par in h w o credit National Research Council). Coupons con be wed

for the purcharo of all Notionol Renoarch Council publlwtions.

AlWOTAmD BIBLIOGRAPHY 019 VdUE TESTIPTG IEJ _SOILS

Compf l e d by

J e J e Hamilton

Andresen A a and L o B3emtmo Vane Testfng i n Nomaye Contributfons

t o t h e

Bf

s m s s f on ma Q x z ~ p ~ ~ n on Vane Shear Tsstgng of Soils, PBovember 1957 rn ASTH S p e ~ I a 1 Teehnieal Publieat ion BOO 193,

7-@

Describes the experfenoe gathered *om f i v e years of

intensive use of the vane apparatus fm 'EJomva'$~

Bennett, Go Bwseo "Ira-plaeew s o l 1 shearfng t e s t s with vane borer prove highly auooessftCLo Pacifio Builder and Engfmeap, Vole 58,

Hoe 5 9

W52,

~066-678

1334

The r e s u l t s of a f i e l d program of 290 vane test8

the bed of Leke Pend@Oreflle near Sandppfntd, Idaho

a r e d i s o u ~ e e d e In genepal, t h p sonsolfdated-quf sk t r f a x f a l t e a t (eamples sonsolidated under

a

s e l l

p r e s s m e equal t o the ealoulerted ef f e s t f v e ove~burden presauroe) gave s t r e n g t h values somewhat higher than

the vane t e s L

Bemete, G6 Bryoe and James G o Meohamo Use of Vane borer on f o ~ n -

datfoa f n v e s t i g a t i o n of f i l l 0 P~oseedinga, BSglWPay Researoh

Board, Vole

"9,

'January 1953, p6486-&9 0

DeeerPbes the uge of e vane b o ~ e r , develope8 by the

a u t h o ~ e , on a foundation Snvestigatfonn fop a f P l l

agspose an

e m

of Lake PendQOpeflle near SerPdpoPn%,

Tdahoo CorepapSson of' sheaping e ~ t ~ e n g b h reeord@

rSlbtafned by t h e f l e l d vane with those from u n o o ~ f m e d

6ompreesf on and sonaolf date8-quf ek t ~ f ex%eP connp~es-

Cadling, L, and S B OderistadQ The vane borer, an apparatus f o a d l e t e d n f n g the shear s t r e n g t h of s l a y s o i l s d f r e e t l y i n the

(ground, Royal Swedf sh G e s t ~ o h n i e a l I n s t f t u b , Ppoeeedings

PBoQ 29 S t 0e~kh03.m 99SOS 87p o

TMsl i s a aomprehensive report of the devefopmtsnk

of t h e vane b o ~ e r by t h e Royal Swedfsh Geoteohnfaal

I n ~ t f t u t e e It Sncludes desorepti on of: t h e desTgm, oonstmotfon, and operation of the vane boaep;

i n t e r p ~ e t a t f o n of t e s t ~ e s u l t s ; and cornparisan of

shear s t r e n g t h values obtained by t h i s apparatus

w i t h those obtained *fi.om landslide otalw3x%ions and l a b o r a t o m t e s t i n g s Also included i n t h e r e p o r t

ape the test ~ e s u P t s obtafned a t many s i t e s and a

discassdon of the aapacity and economic aspeots of

t h e vane bore^ e

Cadlfng Le and G e Lindskoge Some notes on f i v e years experience

f ~ c m f f e l d Bane t e s t s i n Sweden, Contributions t o the Discussion

on Symposium on Vane Shear Testfng of So3ls, Wovembe~ 3-9570

AS- Speeial T e c h f c a l Publication Noa

193, 7@e

The Swedish s o i l s i n which vane t e s t s a r e performed

a r e s o f t normally consolfdated o r s l i h t l y oveFW

conaoPidated clays (and organfa elayss

f

wfthMg,h

p l a s t i c i t y and of marine or laoustpine or9gine The

authors l i s t i n t a b u l a r f o m the s u i t a b i l i t y of f i e l d

vane determined shear s t r e n g t h s f o r normally consoli-

dated and ove~consolfdated clays in various construction

problems

,

Carlam Ls Ebteaminatfon IB-sftu of m e shear s t r e n g t h of

undisturbed clay by means of' a rotating angero Proceerlifngs,

2nd I n t e r n a t i o n a l Conference S o f l Mec@&.nios

and

Foundat$on

EnginemSng, Vole 1, Rotterdam

~ 9 4 8 ~

p.265~700 -

A r e p o r t on experiments i n the e a r l y stage of develop-

ment of the vane t e s t e r * A t shallow depths the shear

s t r e n g t h determined by t h e s i n - s i t u method rongUf

equals the s t r e n g t h detemlned by laboratory methodirro

A t p e a t depths, h o w e w ~ , the f o m m ~ sonaidtmb3.y

efxetsees t h e l a t t e p * The in-8%- valiuere seem t o

oorrespond with those caloulated from slfdes, while

Collins,

LDE.

Some foupdatfon experienoes i n the DuPban a r e a s !&ansaetions South Afrf ean I n s t i t u t i o n of CStvfl Engfneera,

Vole

,!+*

Hoe

8

end Vole

5

No.

3.

August 1954 and Mapoh

19550

Pretorf a, South Afrioa

The author descrpdbes t h e use of the Swedish vane

~ p p a r a t u s f n South Afrfea

Dariemo

Me

and Ee Veye Consiateney l i m i t s of clay b the vane

method. Rooeedings, Highway Research Board, V O ~ O

34,

195Sr

P

0559-566

0

The use of a M n i a t u r e laboratory vane apparatus t o

measure the oonsistenoy of remoulded sollls i s

desoribed* F o ~ p types

of

olay were t e s t e d o The

authors founds

l o Vane moment a t the p l a s t i o l-it was f a i r l y

o ons tant f o r a l l f

m

samples t e s t e d

2 a Liquid l i m i t a s determined by t h e standard meohanisal method oor~esponded t o a d e f i n f t e vane moment f o r t h r e e of the s l a y s t e s t e d

30

Shear r e s i s t a n c e of the remoulded olays a t

various moistwe sontents computed from.9ane t e s t a

v a w wfkh the l e n g t h of vane and bear no aops%stent

reIationsh9p t o values obtained f porn naeronfined

aampressf

on

t e s t a e

Eden, l e Je and J e J e Hamiltono The use of a f i e l d vane appara%us

in

sentitlltfve o U y ASTM Speafal Teohniaal-Publioatfon

Eaoe1193

Smposimn on Vane Shear Testing o r S o l l s , Hovsmber

1m;

gob-53.

Weporta the use of

a

f i e l d vane apparatus

fn

b d a

( L a w e n t i an) s l a y deposf t a of Ea s t e m dlanada -Shear

stpength values obtained are oomparea tsr$tb t b e e

f a w d by laboaatory t e s t l n g of undistxw'tset2 s ~ ~ e s ~

The influence of eush f a o t o ~ s a s the area r a t i o of the vane and rod f r i a t i o n a r e disoussed along with

itat use a s a measwe of' s e n s l t i v l t y o Advantages and

r e s k ~ l o t i o n s on the use of %he f f e l d sane a r e a l s o

Evana, 10 The measurement of the surface bearing oapasaty of'

s o f l s i n the study of e a r t h ~ ~ o s s d n g giaohinetldgo G6steahnPque9

Vole 29 NO* lo 3-e

P9509

ae46-590

The author r e p o r t s t h e use of a f i e l d vane apparatus t o give a measwe of the surfaoe bearing oapaei%;$

of s o f l s o The use of the vane i n sandy loam a a well

a s f n more sshesfve soiPs i s d e s ~ ~ i b e d a

Fenske, Carl 1, Deep vane t e s t s f n the GuZP of BB[exfoo, ASTM

Speefal Teokmf c a l Publication No0

193,

SymposSurn on Vane

Shear Testing of S o i l s , Bovembe~ 1957,

~ . 1 6 - 2 5 ~

A deep vane borfng was made a t a l o e a t i o n f n the

Gulf of Mexf ao using a new vane boz.epo A des-

c r i p t i o n of the vane borer and an e v a l y t f o a of

i t s operation a r e giveno In-plaoe shear atrength

measured W t h the Bene t o a depth oP 241 f e e t below

the water s-aoe a r e soaspared with sh438~ ~ t ~ e n g t h g

froom laboratory t e s t s on ~ d i s ~ b e d aalsplee~

(Authors s s ~ ~ p s i s )

Gfbbs, Harold J O

An

apparatus and method of vane shear t e s t i n g of

s o f l a e ASTM S p e ~ t l a l TaehnieaI Publicatfsn Boo

19go

Symposl~tg

on Vane Shear Testing of S o i l s o Novembers

1957,

p.9-150

Dessafbea a vane apparatus developed by the UaSa

Bweau of Reelamatfon featwfmg a aontrolXed r a t e

of t e s t i n g and a s h t ~ p f i f i e d , a ~ a u r a t e rhethod of

s t r e a s measuremep%, The author r e p o r t s good agree-

ment of the f l e l d vane d e t e d n e d s h e a ~ f n g s t ~ e n g t h

~ 5 t h t h a t obtained bg t ~ 9 a x f a P t e a t s

on

undfsturbed

samples of saturated c l a y s o

Graecs, He and J o K o l o B e m ~ y ~ The planning and des9gn of t h e new Hong

Kong A f ~ p o r t ~ P~oaeedings, I n s t i t u t i o n of C f v i l Engineers,

Vole 7 s June 99578 ~ * 2 7 + 3 W _ _ - -

In t h e i r d e s s r f p t i o n of the s f t s i n v e s t i g a t f ona

and design the authops o u t l i n e t h e use of a f i e l d

of fowndatf on cslays underlying a sea wall* 1%

wags found t h a t Inn sita vane strengths were ssme-

tfmes a s much a s 2 OP

3

tfrnea g~emtep than ~ a l u e s

obtained by l a b o r a t o ~ y -nne onsoPSmted mdm%mdt

t e s t a o A s-babflftg a n a l p f s a f an edst%grg

satirsfaetorf9y fun& toning sea wall l e d t o the

beslfef t h a t the fjleld sans gave the mos% ~ e a l i s t f ~

values and. f i n a l dssf cs were based on she-fq

strengths equal t o 8 8 o f the f i e l d vane t e s t valueo (See also DieseusaSon of th9s paper by

P ~ o f e s s o ~ A,W, Skempton, f n which he fncsl.uded h f s

B/P V S a P a I o r e l a t f o n ~ h f p s ~

1

Gray, Haniflton,, F i e l d vane shear t e s t 8 of sensf 28se -oohesfve sofla,

ProceedingsD Amerioan Society of Gfvil Engineers, Vole 81, Papep No, 75s9 July 195Se

A minlatme laboratory vane designed t o be fnserted

f n t h e end of a tube sample and then ~ o t a t e d by

means of a m a l l torque wrench f s d e s e ~ f b e d ~ The

author found t h a t fn general the sane strength f s

substantial8y greater than half the oompresafve

s t ~ e n g t h e

Hansen, J a Brinr19he Vane t e s t s i n Borwegf an quf ck-olag

,

Gbotechnique,

V O P ~ 2, M O ~

B,

~ u n e

P ~ S Q ,

poSB-630

TMsl repor$ dessmp%bes vane, oone, and qu8ok s h e a ~

t e s t s on samples of Norwegtan qufok-clays (wf t h

sensf%%vftfes fe the 0r0de~ of 108) a A @/p rat10 of

0018 (where c denotes shear strength and p denotes

ef'feotive overbwdeann pressure) wae found for t h i s

olayo Cone t e s t s and qufek shear t e a t s both gave

shear ~tl~engthsl which a ~ e e d r~easonably we'%% w l t h

the r e suEts of the vane t e s t s above a depeh of'

15

meters, whepeas below t h f s depth they were sub-

EIlE, 1911fam C o Vane fn-place s o l 1 shear devise developed and

applied by Oregon S t a t e -Hfghway Dejisalatmhn%b ASIPBB Spesfa14- -

Teohnfcal PublieatSon Noo on Vane Shear TestSag

of SoPPs, Movember.

1957#

. .

The development and use of a f i e l d vane apparatus

99 detemhfaag the shearing etreng%h of soP3.s foz11~d

i n f m s h water swamps and bs~aak%sh water %SLdaf - f l a t @

fa Weaferm O~egolm, f a des&-k,e-dto (P$e l%mf%'at%ons

and adlvan%$ges of" tihe vane d d a s aa a -f"9s1& .too%

fn

l o a a t i n g questf onable f ounndat%m - ereas - a M aepths

fn non-granula~ materfals a& detednSnrg t h e f ~ sheep

a t ~ s n g t h a f o r embankment de sf gn are d9sausse8,

Kallstenius, Torsterne Swedish vane borela designo Contrfbutf ons t o the Discussfon on Symposium on Vane Shear Testwg of Soils,

November

1957.

ASTM Specfal TechnScal Publication WOO

19.3,

7 0 ~

e

Inaludes a ske%eh of a vane borer apparatus used

i n Sweden i n

1918-9

Lea, BOD, and BeDo Benedf~$a The "FOUMDATIOBT@ vane t e s t e r f o r

measwlng i n - s f t u sheap s t r e n g t h of s o i l . I n Proeeedingh

6th

Canadian S o i l HechanPes Conferenoe, Deoember 1952, Natf onaf

Research Counoll of Canada, Associate Committee on S o i l and Snow

Heohanfae, Teohnfcal Memo. No, 27, g . 6 0 ~

Thf s r e p o r t outPPnea the development of a gear cb5vefi,

automtfc s t p e a s - s t ~ a i n re c o ~ d i n g f f e l d vane C, Results

obkained w f t h t h i s apparitua tend t o agme with shear s t r e n g t h s de%ersmfned by aonsolf da tesd-qu%ek t e s t s but

area usually from one t o thee t%mes ( g r e a t e ~ than those

Meoham, Js60 A vane bopep f o r t e s t i n g the s t a b f l f t y and etpeng4zh

of sofP subwades and s o i l foundationso BtPPletir~ Moa l P B

Egginee~fag Experiment St;atfon, U n f v e ~ s f t y of' Idahoo BBosaowo

Idaho, Deoembs~

1956,

&pe

A r e p m t of the work o a r r i e d on by the l3ngfneering

Testing Laboratory and Engineeasfng Experfmen%

S t a t i o n of the Unfvepsity of 'Idaho and the H a t e ~ f a l e

Dfvf s$on of t h e Idaho Department of Highways f n

a study of a truok-mounted vane bolaera The use of

several d i f f e r e n t l y shaped vanes and the e f f e c t s of these shapes on s o i l disturbance i s r e p a t e d o The author concludes t h a t the vane apparatus o f f e r s a convenient and eeonomic method of obtaining data required i n foundation designs and s t a b i l f ty

analyses,

Elohan, Dineeh and GS~arerJ S%zagh J a f a o FfePd vane sheaao %eatso

C i v i l Engfneerfng and Publf s Worke Revfes, V d a 52, ~ V O O 618,

Deoemba~

1957,

p 1387-1388

Reports the use of a small f i e l d vans (2 jlnshes by

3

fnchee] f n the blaok cotton a o f l s of I n d i a o The

s o i l t e s t e d Plerd a shearfng stksngth of a I f % t l e over

one t o n pep square f o o t and was of suoh a n a t m e

t h a t f' fne a ~ a a k s would open up ~ 5 t h s%r888 pelease

brought abople by -aamplfng and %sp9mmiqg f o r B a b o ~ a t o ~ y

tes%fngo The authors repor% an fW9eatf oa of mope

r e l f a b l e a h e a ~ s % ~ e n g % h data by the f f e l d vane

teertfng than by uansogfined oomp~essfon %es$fng,

Mwpm, BOAo Penetrometer and vane t e s t a applied t o paflway earth-

wopkso Ppoaeedings, F b s $ Aust~allan-New Zealand Conferenoe

on Sof 1 leahanfc a and Foundat ion Eng%meer%ng, Me&bomne, June

1952,

p.135-160.

The a u k h o ~ out%%nes t h e development and use of t h e

f I e l d vane and p e n e t ~ o n a e t e ~ by the New Zealand

RaSXweysa Detailed drawinge of both a p a ~ a % u g % ~

_E

note& on slope e t a b f l f t y design, and t e prao%%@al

use of vane data, ape fncludedo ( ~ S s e n s s i o ~ of

t h $ s paper by DIOo AoWo Skempton and L, JO W d o e k

Newland, P o L a and BoHo Allelyo fur the^ evidence of increase cf shear

s t r e n g t h wrfth depth provided by vane t e s t s on a peeent deposfk

of s o f t c l a y o Prooeedings, F i r s % Aust~alfa-mew Zealand CoMe~enee on So51 Mechanics and Foundation E h g b e e ~ i n g ,

M ~ I ~ O - Q , ~ ~ 1952, n e p,

136-160~

The aPaZ;ho~a ~ e p m t Prnvestfgations earr4lad out f n

cronner~tfon &%h the gltabf195y of a hilghway ern-

6andkmen% founded on a 30-ft depogf % of very sof%,

sensftfve s l a y whfch would appear t o have been lightllg

overoonso19datedo Remarkably c onsis ten% r e s u l t s

showing a l f n e a r increase In shear s t r e n g t h wf th

depth were foundo The paper eonoludes with a brief'

analysi a of the s t a b i l i t y of the embankments agafnst

f a i l m e by spreadfngo

O s t e r b e ~ g , J a O o Introduetfon t o Symposfonn on In-Plaoe Shear

Testing of So51 by t h e Vane k%halfo ASTH Speofal Tecrhnieal

Publfaation, Noo

193s

Symposfum on Vane Shear Testing of S o i l s ,

Bovenibe~ 1957, p .I-7

The eruthons tpaoes the hf s t o r i e a l development of

the vane bore^, bmsfefly deserfbss the prino%p$es

and equfpment used In sane t e s t f n g , dfesusses

t e s t f n g t e a b f q u e a and f a o t o r s af f e ~ $ % n g t e a $

~ e s u % $ s and f i n a g l y fnoludee the ~ e e u l t s of t e s t a

p e ~ f o ~ m e d under) h i s d i ~ e c r t f o n i n Milwaukee,,

W i ~ ~ ~ n ~ f n a

Skempton, A e W o Vane t e s t s i n t h e a l l u v i a l p l a f n of the River Forth

near G~rmngernouthe,, GBateehnique, Vol, 1, NOO 2, December

19b8,

p 0 113-1240

The use of a vane a p p a ~ a t u a t o d ~ p t h s of 100 ft 9rn

sfWy alay, i s d e s s ~ f b e d ~ The au%hor developed

a teohn9que f o r measwing the remoulded a t ~ ~ n g t h 0%

a olay %a-sitao Vane t e s t a and w m ~ o n f l n ~ d o m -

ressfon. t e ~ t s were in e l o s e apeemsnt t o a depth of

%

f% A t -eater depth t h e vane gave i @ ~ k e a & % n g

sf$~eng$hs whjibe the sample strength8 em$ %nag8

be 0e17 whe~e B

=

widrained shearing atreggth

and p

=

e f f e c t i v e overburden pressureo Sugges-

t i o n s a m t e n t a t f v e l y put forward which may be

helpful f n deoiding whether any p a r t i c u l a r s e t of undisturbed samples are r e l i a b l e o

Skemptm, AoWo and AoWa Bf shopo The maswement of' t h e shear

s t r e n g t h of s o i l s o G4oteshnfque, Vole 2, g o b 1, June IqSO,

pd9O-1080

The authors outlilne the valaious oornmonly used

shear s t ~ e n g e h t e s t f ng techniques o The vane

t e s t %s fmePp1~dledl a s en un&ained sheering

a~%~eng%h tesltfng teehnfqueo

Vey, Eo and La S c h l e s f n g e ~ ~ Soil shear t e s t s by means of r o t a t f n g

vanes o Proceedinge, Bghway Research Board, Vo1 o 29,

1949,

P 0

54.4~353

0

TMs paper descmibes t e s t s and r e p o s t s t h e 1.em1.t;~

of vane shear tests perfopmed 1x1Ghioago allagso

B e aut'lams used an applied r a t e of r o t a t f m of'

1 d e g ~ e e pep mffaute and ~ e c o r d e b to~qaae versa641

angle of EPm the, 20 t o

k5

ft depth las

S n c ~ e a s e f n s h e a ~ Q n g st~length w i t h depth waa

me$ swede she ax^ a r r t ~ e n e h ~ ob%af ned wf t h t h i s

mehod were ~ o m p a ~ e d wf tb thoae ob.$laSned by stan-

dard l a b t s e b 9 q u e s e Results fnnd5eated that vane

%eesta are pa.obebEy mope pelf able %hap msonf9~lgd

eomp~essslfon tes$lo The aqthors disaapa tM passPb9-

99%y of 8 t ~ e n s f ~ H D of s h e a ~ from m mafablq

skeletoa S S ~ P U C ~ ; P J L P B ~ t o a' sonstent s t r e n g t h o l a y

m a t ~ f x asswnfng %he s t r u e t t w a l s h r a e t e ~ of s o f t