what you knowLearn how to build a practice lab for your CCIE lab exam preparationTake five full-blown practice labs that mimic the actual lab exam environment

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CCIE Practical Studies Volume II

By Karl Solie CCIE No. 4599, Leah Lynch CCIE No. 7220

Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: November 07, 2003

ISBN: 1-58705-072-2 Pages: 1032

Gain hands-on experience for the CCIE Lab Exam with volume two of the best-selling CCIE Practical Studies title from Cisco Press.

Experience putting concepts into practice with lab scenarios that guide you in applying what you know

Learn how to build a practice lab for your CCIE lab exam preparation

Take five full-blown practice labs that mimic the actual lab exam environment

CCIE Practical Studies, Volume II leads CCIE candidates through the process of preparing for the CCIE lab exam by presenting them with a series of challenging laboratory exercises. A perfect companion to the best-selling first edition, this book provides coverage of CCIE lab exam topics not covered in Volume I, like the Cisco Catalyst 3550, route maps, BGP, Multicast, and QoS.

Combined with Volume I, the CCIE candidate will get comprehensive coverage of the routing and switching portions of the Routing and Switching, Security, and Service Provider lab exams.

The book begins with brief coverage of the core technologies required on the CCIE lab exam and includes suggested references for further reading. Laboratory exercises covering each of the core technologies follow, providing detailed guides to applying the technologies in real network

settings. The final chapter of the book concludes with five hands-on lab exercises. These comprehensive practice labs include all of the technologies and gradually increase in difficulty level. They present readers with scenarios similar to what they will face on the actual lab exam.

Study tips and test-taking techniques are included throughout the book.

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Copyright About the Authors

About the Contributing Author About the Technical Reviewers Acknowledgments

Icons Used in This Book Command Syntax Conventions Foreword

Introduction

How This Book Is Organized Final Notes

Inside Front Cover Diagrams Part I. Ethernet Switching

Chapter 1. Configuring Advanced Switching on the Cisco Catalyst 3550 Ethernet Switch Enter the Cisco Catalyst 3550 Intelligent Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switching Review

IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Catalyst 3550 Configuration Modes and Terminology

Lab 1: Configuring EtherChannel, Layer 3 Switching, Routed Ports, and SVIs—Part I

Lab 2: Configuring 802.1w RSTP and 802.1s MST, Layer 3 Switching, and VLAN Maps—Part I Part II. Controlling Network Propagation and Network Access

Chapter 2. Configuring Route Maps and Policy-Based Routing Route Map Overview

Lab 3: Configuring Complex Route Maps and Using Tags—Part I Lab 3: Configuring Complex Route Maps and Using Tags—Part II Lab 4: Configuring Policy-Based Routing—Part I

Lab 4: Configuring Policy-Based Routing—Part II Part III. Multicast Routing

Chapter 3. Configuring Multicast Routing Multicast Basics

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IP Multicast Addressing Multicast Distribution Trees Protocol Independent Multicasting Lab 5: Set Up Basic Multicasting Multicast Frame Relay

Multicast TTL Multicast Boundary

PIM Auto-RP

Lab 6: Set Up Frame Relay Multicast Routing Multicast Joining

Lab 7: Multicast Joining Controlling Multicast

Lab 8: Advanced Multicast Delivery DVMRP Multicast Routing

PIM Version 2

Lab 9: PIM

Monitoring and Testing CCIE Multicast Lab Scenario Further Reading

Part IV. Performance Management and Quality of Service Chapter 4. Router Performance Management

Determining Router Performance ATM: The Other WAN Technology Switching Modes

Compression

Copyright

Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc.

Published by:

Cisco Press

800 East 96th Street

Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.

Printed in the United States of America 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Second Printing December 2003

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number: 2001094973

Warning and Disclaimer

This book is designed to provide information about selected topics for the CCIE exam for the Routing and Switching track. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied.

The information is provided on an "as is" basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it.

The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.

Trademark Acknowledgments

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

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Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community.

Readers' feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding

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how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through e-mail at [email protected]. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message.

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Publisher John Wait

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Team Coordinator Tammi Ross

Book Designer Gina Rexrode

Cover Designer Louisa Adair

Production Team Octal Publishing, Inc.

Indexer Tim Wright

Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc.

170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706

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USA

www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 526-4100

European Headquarters Cisco Systems International BV Haarlerbergpark

Haarlerbergweg 13-19 1101 CH Amsterdam The Netherlands

www-europe.cisco.com Tel: 31 0 20 357 1000 Fax: 31 0 20 357 1100 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Scotland • Singapore • Slovakia • Slovenia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Taiwan • Thailand • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Venezuela • Vietnam • Zimbabwe

Copyright © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCIP, CCSP, the Cisco Arrow logo, the Cisco Powered Network mark, the Cisco Systems Verified logo, Cisco Unity, Follow Me Browsing, FormShare, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, Networking Academy, and ScriptShare are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Empowering the Internet Generation,

Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, GigaStack, Internet Quotient, IOS,

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IP/TV, iQ Expertise, the iQ logo, LightStream, MGX, MICA, the Networkers logo, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, RateMUX, Registrar, SlideCast, SMARTnet, StrataView Plus, Stratm, SwitchProbe, TeleRouter, TransPath, and VCO are registered

trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and certain other countries.

All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Web site are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0303R)

Printed in the USA

Dedications

Leah Lynch: This book is dedicated to my husband, Chad Lynch, who always supports, listens to, and encourages me. I love you.

Karl Solie: This book is dedicated to my family—my mother and father, John and Linda Solie;

and my two brothers, Mike and Jim. We have been blessed with a close family and have a king's wealth of a different kind. This book is also dedicated to my wife, Sandra, and my two

daughters, Amanda and Paige, for all their sacrifices over the years and their enduring love. You three make every day warmer, brighter, and happier for me.

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About the Authors

Leah Lynch, CCIE No. 7220 R/S, is a network engineer with a large financial institution. Leah has more than seven years of experience in the IT industry, with four years focused on

heterogeneous internetwork environments, including banking, retail, medical, government, manufacturing, corporate, sales, network service provider, telecommunications, and 2.5/3G wireless networks. Leah also holds several other Cisco certifications and is currently working on her Communications and Services CCIE. She wrote Chapters 6 through 9 (the QoS and BGP chapters) and can be reached at [email protected].

Karl Solie, CCIE No. 4599, is a principal engineer for the consulting firm Solie Research, LLC.

Karl has more than 14 years of experience in the field designing and implementing some of the largest IP- and SNA-based internetworks in the United States and abroad for companies such as McDonnell Douglas/Boeing, Unisys, and the Fulton and Los Angeles county governments. Karl is also active in Cisco professional development and, along with this volume, he has authored CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, (Cisco Press, 2001). Karl can also be caught in the classroom, as a certified Cisco Systems instructor, training for the Ascolta Training Company in Minneapolis. Karl concentrated in applied mathematics at the University of Wisconsin-Stout and holds a bachelor of arts in law from the University of California, Irvine.

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About the Contributing Author

Scott Morris, CCIE No. 4713, certified Cisco Systems instructor. Among several other certifications, Scott currently has four separate CCIE certifications (Routing and Switching, ISP/Dial, Security, and Service Provider) and is working on his fifth (Voice). He travels the world teaching and consulting on various projects. To not become bored or stagnant, he has also started branching out into the Juniper Networks world (JNCIS currently and growing) for added consulting and training interests. His primary areas of interest and expertise are in security, IP telephony, cable modem networks, and advanced routing. When not traveling, he resides in Lexington, Kentucky. At times, he has taught CCIE (Routing and Switching) boot camps for various companies, currently at IPExpert. He has contributed material to a few different books and has served as a technical editor on many others. He currently runs his own company Emanon.com, Inc. and markets as Uber-Geek.Net, too (http://smorris.uber-geek.net).

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About the Technical Reviewers

Jennifer DeHaven Carroll, CCIE No. 1402, is a principal consultant with Lucent Technologies.

She has planned, designed, and implemented many large networks over the past 15 years. She has also developed and taught theory and Cisco implementation classes on all IP routing

protocols. Jenny is the coauthor of Routing TCP/IP, Volume II, (Cisco Press, 2001) with Jeff Doyle and can be reached at [email protected].

Greg Tillett, CCIE No. 5231, is currently working toward his second CCIE in the Security track.

He has recertified twice since achieving his first CCIE. Greg is a consulting systems engineer with Cisco Systems focusing on security, virtual private networks, and campus technologies. In his current role, he supports Cisco Systems engineers and account managers with their customer base and presents these technologies to various audiences at Cisco seminars. Since joining Cisco in 1997, he has supported many customers, state and local governments, K-12 and higher educational customers, and several Fortune 100 customers with global networks. This experience gives him a unique perspective on designing and supporting extremely diverse types of

multiservice networks.

Kevin Turek, CCIE No. 7284, is currently working as a network consulting engineer in the Cisco Federal Support Program in Research Triangle Park. He currently supports some of Cisco

Department of Defense customers. Kevin is also a member of the Cisco internal QoS virtual team, which supports internal Cisco engineers and external Cisco customers with QoS

deployment and promotes current industry best practices as they pertain to QoS. Kevin earned his bachelor of science degree in business administration at the State University of New York, Stony Brook.

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Acknowledgments

Leah Lynch: There are tons of people who worked together to get this book to this point. First, I would like to thank all the people from Cisco Press—Brett Bartow, Chris Cleveland, and Greg Balas, who helped take the raw material and create a real Cisco Press book; and the technical editors, Jenny Carroll, Greg Tillett, and Kevin Turek, who verified our work and found all the tiny errors you never see when you are the one writing. Thanks guys!

I also want to thank Karl Solie for spending so many nights on the phone discussing ideas and content. I cannot thank Karl without thanking his wife, Sandra, who tolerated all of our late- night discussions.

I also want to thank Jenny Carroll and Jeff Doyle for introducing me to the folks at Cisco Press and helping me take the beginning steps toward becoming an author.

I also want to thank Pan Chou, my very patient friend, for answering (or at least attempted to answer) my obscure BGP questions. And Scott Downing for letting me bounce ideas off him. I also want to thank Mike Flannagan for answering my odd QoS questions and Daniel Walton for his excellent BGP presentations and Q/A sessions at Networkers.

And, of course, I must thank my husband, Chad Lynch, who patiently waited for me to complete this project and provided on-the-spot editing. Thank you for tolerating the two years of constant work; now, we can go on vacation.

I also want to thank my friend Erin Heitz for helping me get into this field and motivating me to start a real IT career; thanks to my mentor, George Sereno, for all the good advice and honesty;

and, finally, I want to thank my family, the Lynches and the Sifuentes, for their love and support.

Karl Solie: No project of this size would be possible without the dedication of many CCIEs, editors, technical people and friends. I first want to thank all the people Leah mentioned at Cisco Press, especially Editor-in-Chief John Kane for giving me the great opportunity to become a Cisco Press author.

I also want to thank my co-author, Leah Lynch, for all her hard work and long nights on this project. This text would not have been possible without her devotion to it.

Sincere thanks go to the other CCIEs involved with this work—Scott Morris, for contributing his expertise in multicast routing by writing Chapter 3, as well as the excellent work put in by our technical reviewers: Jennifer Carroll, Greg Tillett, and Kevin Turek.

I also want to say thank you to all the readers of CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, especially for the kind letters that people have sent me about their quest to become CCIEs.

Finally, I once again want to thank the good Lord Jesus for His continued blessings and for always being there for me.

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Icons Used in This Book

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Command Syntax Conventions

The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in the Cisco IOS Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conventions as follows:

Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.

Square brackets [ ] indicate optional elements.

Braces { } indicate a required choice.

Braces within brackets [{ }] indicate a required choice within an optional element.

Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In actual configuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates commands that are manually input by the user (such as a show command).

Italics indicate arguments for which you supply actual values.

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Foreword

Preparing for the CCIE certification is a challenging and individual process, and there are as many paths to success as there are candidates. I've had the pleasure of meeting and talking to thousands of CCIE candidates, and there is no doubt in my mind that the single greatest factor in achieving certification is the amount of "hands-on" practice a candidate logs during their preparation. CCIE Practical Studies, Volume II, by Karl Solie and Leah Lynch provides a clear framework to make the all-important hands-on preparation more effective. The hallmark of any CCIE certification is the breadth of the content covered by the exam, and many candidates have difficulty choosing where and how to begin their preparation. This book and its companion, CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, can help the candidate focus on key content likely to appear on the exam. In addition to the knowledge gained by reading and working through the sample lab scenarios, the book can act as a starting point for a more self-directed approach to study, in which candidates explore "what-if" type scenarios requiring true expert-level skills.

The CCIE certification is now ten years old and still stands in the top rank of certification programs in our industry. One measure of that vitality is the growth in quality preparation materials for the exam, and this volume is a worthy addition to the list of resources now

available to CCIE candidates. Like its companion volume, I'm sure it will be an excellent addition to any preparation library.

Mike Reid

Manager, CCIE Programs Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Introduction

The CCIE is one of the most challenging certifications available. Most CCIE candidates spend several months studying and even take a few attempts at the lab exam before passing. If you are considering pursuing the CCIE, you are most likely aware of the amount of self-study, training, and experience required to undertake the laboratory exam. Despite the difficulties, pursuing the CCIE certification program is a very rewarding experience requiring candidates to refresh their skills in technologies that they are already familiar with, expand their skills in areas where they have less knowledge, and generally prepare for situations that require a great

amount of technical expertise. The skills and hands-on experience working with a number of different technologies under pressure and time limitations add to one's ability to troubleshoot and add value to employers.

The CCIE lab exam is an extended one-day exam that tests the candidate's abilities to work with multiple protocols within a limited amount of time under a considerable amount of pressure.

Candidates must use their knowledge of Cisco IOS Software to configure, test, and troubleshoot a network that they are not familiar with, proving their ability to work independently and under pressure. Because the CCIE program is constantly changing to keep up with industry needs, candidates frequently encounter technologies with which they do not have extensive experience working. This makes the CCIE program more versatile to candidates and employers because the candidates are not only tested in areas that apply to their current career situation, but also to situations in a number of different markets. The protocols and technologies covered by the Routing and Switching exam track apply to a number of different network types: corporate enterprise, retail, service providers, and others. This broad range of skills benefits the candidates, their employers, and their coworkers.

Cisco recommends that CCIE candidates have at least two years of experience with Cisco

products, formal training with the technologies, and a considerable amount of time dedicated to self-study before undertaking the lab exam. This book is the second volume in a series intended to help CCIE candidates with the self-study part of their preparation. Over the course of this series, the books explore a number of technologies. You can to use the examples in the book to test your knowledge of the technologies through various hands-on lab scenarios. It is strongly recommended that you use each book in the series to prepare for the exam, reading through the theory, practicing the lab scenarios, and reviewing familiar technologies. After passing the CCIE exam, most people find a great feeling of accomplishment and are no longer intimidated by time limitations and pressure.

We will be honest with you; your journey on the path to becoming a CCIE will be long and formidable. It will challenge you mentally like nothing else. When it comes to the CCIE lab test, the testing standards are rigid and the proctors are stringent. You will not be able to argue or talk your way into becoming a CCIE. Prepare wisely; there are no shortcuts on the road to becoming a CCIE, so do not waste time looking for them. As long as your journey may be, when all is said and done and you are finally assigned your own CCIE number, the feeling is like nothing else. You will feel that all the hard work, the sacrifices, and the long lonely hours in the lab have paid off. You will have entered the ranks of the most elite group of network engineers on the planet—by becoming a CCIE.

CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, stressed that there is no shortcut to becoming a CCIE, no "all- in-one" book on becoming a CCIE (including CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I and Volume II).

There are no quick "buy this book and we guarantee you will pass" solutions that will replace a strong level of experience and dedication. It is assumed that most CCIE candidates already have at least some experience with most of the technologies covered in this series. The CCIE lab is ever changing, and the possible test content is deep and vast. For these reasons, it is difficult to

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create a "single source" for CCIE knowledge and study. This does not mean that boot camps and such are not valuable tools; they are, and should be treated as one of the many study

techniques you can use.

Like Volume I, the text in Volume II does not, in general, go into great detail on specific

protocols; instead, it is designed to provide practical configuration guidelines that you can use to help improve network skills and to introduce you to technologies that you might not yet have worked with in the field. Volume II, along with its companion, Volume I, presents a tremendous amount of information on many foundation or core network technologies and includes many new concepts that, if applied with a working network model, can help to produce even stronger network skills, furthering your preparation to take, and pass, the CCIE lab exam.

CCIE Practical Studies, Volume II, picks up where CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, left off. CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, focuses on modeling complex internetwork scenarios from ISO Layer 1 on up. It covers physical access, modeling LAN and WAN data-link protocols such as Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP, ATM, Ethernet, and Token Ring. CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, details Cisco Catalyst platforms, including the Token Ring Catalyst 3924 and the Catalyst

35xx/5500/6500 family. Volume II continues with the Catalyst family of switches, focusing on the powerful new Catalyst 3550 intelligent Ethernet switch. The studies include Layer 3 switching and the new 802.1w and 802.1s Spanning Tree Protocols.

CCIE Practical Studies, Volume I, also covers Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs), such as RIP, IGRP/EIGRP, and OSPF. CCIE Practical Studies, Volume II, takes the next step and concentrates on the primary Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)—more than 300 pages are devoted to BGP.

In addition to modeling routing protocols and Ethernet switching, this text takes a detailed look at quality of service (QoS). As with BGP, a significant portion of the text, more than 200 pages, is devoted to advance QoS techniques, including topics such as Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) field, and Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED). QoS is also discussed as it relates to ATM and voice technologies.