الإتساق النحوي و المعجمي في سورة التوبة في سورة التوبة

ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸ

Républiqu

Ministère de l'Enseignements Supé et de la Recherche Scientifique

Université Akli Mohand Oulhadj

Tasdawit Akli Muhend Ulhaj – Tu Faculté des lettres et des langues

ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺏ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ : ﺔﻴﻫﺍﺯ ﱂﺎﺳ

يف يمجعم

ﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﳉﺍ

que Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire

ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ périeur j ﺓﺮﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺮﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺮﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺮﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ Tubirett- s ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺓ ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ 2013 / 2014

يمجعملا و يوحنلا قاست

ةبوّتلا ةروس

ire ﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺪﻨﳏ ﻲﻠﻛﺃ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺝﺎﳊ -ﺓﺮﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﺍ ﰊﺮﻌﻟ -ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﲔﺘﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ :
ﺓﺭﺎﺻ ﻥﻭﺪﻌﺳ
ﱘﺮﻣ ﻱﻮﻧ

لا قاستلاا

ﻡﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻡﺴﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﻋﻭ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺴﺎﻗﻭ ﺩﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺄﺒ ﺎﻨﺃﺩﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﻨ ﺎﻫﻭ ﷲ ﻱﻭﻁﻨ ﺘﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﺴ ﻲﺘﻓﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻨﺭﺍﻭﺸﻤ ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻭ ﻡﺎﻴﻷﺍ ﺏﻌ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻤﺤﻝﺎﻓ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻨﺎﻋﺃﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺩ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺭﺎﻨﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﷲ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨ ﻲﺒﻨ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻎﻠﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻨﻭ ﺔﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺍﻭﻋﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﺘﻨﺎﻋﺃﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﻨﺃﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﺭ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺒﻨﻴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻌﻝﺍ ل ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻌﺴ ﺕﻜﺎﺤ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺠﺴﻨﻤ ﻁﻭﻴﺨﺒ ﻲﺘﺩﺎ ﺎﻬ ... ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺩﻝﺍﻭ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻴﻬﻝﺎﺒ ﷲﺍ ﻪﻠﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ... ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﻅﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﺀﺎﻁﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ... ﻰﻝﺇ لﻤﺤﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺇ ﻪﻤﺴ ﺭﺎﺨﺘﻓﺍ لﻜﺒ ... ﻭﺠﺭﺃ ﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﻤﺜ ﻯﺭﻴﻝ ﻩﺭﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﻴ ﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻔﻁﻗ ﻥﺎﺤ ﺩﻗ ﺭﺎﻅﺘﻨﺍ ... ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻰﻘﺒﺘﺴﻭ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺩﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻱﺩﺘﻫﺃ ﻡﻭﺠﻨ ﻪﺘ ﻷﺍ ﺩﺒ ﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝ ﺎﻏﺭﺎﻓ ﺱﺄﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﺠ ﺩﻬﻤﻴﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﺩ ﻥﻋ ﻙﺍﻭﺸﻷﺍ ﺩﺼﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺤ ﺓﺭﻁﻗ ﻲﻨﻴﻘﺴﻴﻝ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻲﻝ .... ﻲﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺃ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺤﺎﻴﺭ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻨ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺨ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﺨﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ،ﺯﻭﺯﻋ ،ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ،ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﻥﻬﺠﺍﻭﺯﺃﻭ ،لﺍﻭﻨ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻤﺠ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺘﻭﺨﺇ ﻀﻓ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻲﺼﺤﺃ ﻻﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﻨﺴ ﻲ ل : ،ﺢﺘﺎﻓ ،ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﻱﺩﻴﺯﻭﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ، ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺠﻭﺯﻭ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ : ﺔﺸﺌﺎﻋ ،ﺔﻌﻴﺒﺭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺃ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻫﺯ . ﺇ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺎﻔﺤﻷﺍ ﻰﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ . ﺎﻴ ﻙﻴﻝﺇ ﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻨﻤﺘﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻲﺘﺤﺭﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻲ ﺔﻅﻘﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﺼﻨ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﻓ : لﻜﻭ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﺯ ﻪﺘﻠﺌﺎﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ . ﺇ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘﻭ ﺀﺎﺨﻹﺎﺒ ﺕﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺃ ﺎﻫﺩﻠﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺨﻷﺍ ﻰﻝ ﺇ ﻰﻝ ﻲﻓﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺒﻨﻴ ﻲﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻨ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻌﻨ ﻱ . ﺇ ﻕﺸﻨ ﻥﺤﻨﻭ ﺎﻴﻭﺴ ﺎﻨﺭﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝ ﻹﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺎﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺒ ﺍﺩﻴ ﺎﻨﻔﺘﺎﻜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺍﺩﺒ ﻥﺤﻨﻭ ﻤﻠﻌﺘ ﺓﺭﻫﺯ ﻑﻁﻘﻨ ﻁﺎﻓ ،ﻡﺎﻬﻝﺇ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺃ ،ﻑﺎﻔﻋ ،ﺔﺠﻴﺩﺨ ﻲﺘﺎﻘﻴﺩﺼ ﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨ ،ﺔﻤﻴ . ﺇ ﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻭ ﺏﻫﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻓﻭﺭﺤ ﺎﻨﻭﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝ ﺭ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ لﺠﺃﻭ ﻰﻤﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋﻭ ﺭ ﻹﺍﻭ ﺇ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤ ﺔﻓﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺨﻨﻭ ﻡﺍﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﻜ ﻰﻝ " ﺔﻴﻫﺍﺯ ﻡﻝﺎﺴ ". ﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺇ ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻤﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﻜﺸﻝﺍ لﻴﺯﺠﺒ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﺃ ﺭﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻴﺭﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻰﻝ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﻲﻤﻠﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻘﺴ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺎﻨﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻤ لﻴﻝﺫﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺩﻫﺃ ﺍﻭﻬﺴ .

ﺀﺍﺩﻫﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻡﺴﺒ " ﻥﻭﻨﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻝﻭﺴﺭﻭ ﻡﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﷲ ﻯﺭﻴﺴﻓ ﺍﻭﻠﻤﻋﺍ لﻗﻭ " ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ". ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ لﻀﻓ ﻻﻭﻝ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻨﻝ ﻥﻜﻨ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﷲ ﺩﻤﺤﻝﺍ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺴﺭ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺎﻨﺩﻴﺴ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ . ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻜﻼﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ... ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺴﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻴﺎﺒﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻏﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺤﺍﺭﺠ ﻡﻠﺴﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻨﺤﻭ ﻲﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﺭﺴ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻋﺩ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ... ﺔﺒﻴﺒﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺃ . ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺤﺍﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻌﻨﻷ ﻰﻘﺸﻭ ﻰﻌﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻌﻓﺩ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸﺒ لﺨﺒﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺭﺒﺼﻭ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﺒ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﺴ ﻲﻘﺘﺭﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻤﻠﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ... ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻝﺍﻭ . ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻲﺘﻭﺨﺇ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻻ ﺔﺒﺤﻤﻭ ﺓﻭﻗ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺃ ﻡﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﻼﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﻋﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ ﻡﻴﺭﻜ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ،ﺩﻭﻠﻴﻤ ،ﻡﺎﻬﺴ ﻪﺘﺠﻭﺯﻭ لﻼﺒ ﻭ . ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻤﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝﻭﻭ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺯﻭ ﺔﻅﻴﻔﺤ ﻲﺘﺨﺃ ﺩﻤﺘﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ . ﺔﺠﻴﺩﺨ ﻲﻨﻴﻋ ﺓﺭﻗﻭ ﻲﺘﺩﺠ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﺤﺎﻴﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻨ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻡﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻭﺯ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺃﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻁﺃ . ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻌﺒ لﺅﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺤﻀ ﻲﻓ .... ﺓﺭﺎﺼ . ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺘﻜﺭﺎﺸﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻘﻓﺍﺭ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﺭﺩ ﺔﻘﻴﻓﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﺩﻌﺴ ﺓﺭﺎﺼ ﻲﺘﻘﻴﺩﺼ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻁﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ . ﺕﺎﻅﺤﻠﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﺃ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﺕﻗﻭﺫﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺍﺅﻓ ﻡﻫﺭﻜﺫﺒ ﺞﻬﻠﻴﻭ ﻲﻗﻭﺭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺠﻴ ﻡﻬﺒﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻓ ،ﻡﺎﻬﻝﺇ ﻲﺘﺎﻘﻴﺩﺼ ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺃ،ﺔﻤﻴﻁ . ﺔﻴﻫﺍﺯ ﻡﻝﺎﺴ ﺔﻓﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻌﻨ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻕﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﻭﺸﻴ ﻥﺯﺤ ﻱﺩﻼﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ ﻲﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺨﺘ ﻡﻭﻴ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﺠﻓ ﻍﻭﺯﺒﻝ ﺡﺭﻓﻭ . ﺎﻨﻠﻤﻋ لﻌﺠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺠﺭﺃ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻌﻔﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ .

ﻡﻴﺭﻤ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺵﻫﺩﻤ ﻕﺴﺎﻨﺘﻭ ﺯﺠﻌﻤ ﻑﻴﻝﺄﺘ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺫﻓ ﺔﻤﺴﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ،ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺘﻤ ﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴ ﺴ ﺩﺭ ﻑﻝﺂﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ . ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺤﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺠﻋﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﺘﻹﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﻠﺜﻤﺒ ﻝ ﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻠﻝ ﻩﺭﻭﺴ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﻪﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻝ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺹﻭﻐﻠ لﺼﺤﻓ ، ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺯﻨ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻩﺯﺎﺠﻋﺇ ﺭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ . ﻤﺘ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺎ ،ﻪﻤﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻁﺒﺭ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺀ . ﻭ ﺤﺘﻨ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺠﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺩﻗ ﺭﻴﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻡﺯ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ لﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻨ ﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤ ﺎﻜﺴﺎﻤﺘﻤ . ﺩﺠﻨﺴ ﺎﻨﻨﺃ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻨ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﺭﻁﺘ ﺎﻴﺭﺜﻨ ﻡﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺎﺼﻨ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴﻭ ﺝﻭﺍﺯﻴ ﺎﺼﻨ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ، ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤﻭ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﺤﺼﻓﻭ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻠﺒ ﺭﻴﺤ ﺎﻤ . ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺩ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻴﺭﻜ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺨﺒ ﺼﺘ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ،ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻌﻤ ﺏ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻭ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ؟ ؟ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﺠﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ؟ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻀﺘﻘ : -ﺎﻜﺴﺎﻤﺘﻤ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﺘ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻪﻝ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ لﻜ . ﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺨ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺎﺒ ﻕﺤ . لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻭ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃ . ﻥﺇ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﺴﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ، ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺭﻭﺴ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻓ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ " ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ " ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻌﺒﺘﻤ ﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺎ ﻴﻔﺼﻭ ﺎ ﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺎ، ﻥﻤﻜﻴ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺎﻓ ﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭ

،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﺒ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻫ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫ ﺍﺭﺨﺘﺴﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻬﺠ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺎﻤﺴﻘﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ . ﻱﺭﻅﻨ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺍﻭﻨﻋ : ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺠﺭﺩﺃ : -ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ -ﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻴ ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ -ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ . ﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ لﻤﺤﻴ ﺎ : ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﺠﺘ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻡﻀﻴﻭ : -ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ -ﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺌ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬ -ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻘﺴ -ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻩﺎﺘﻤﺘﺘﺨﺍﻭ لﺼﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﺼﻭﺤ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ . ﻫﻭ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻲ : لﺨﺩﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻭ ،ﻲﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﻝ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺒﻻ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻻ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺨ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒ . ﺔﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﺜﻤﺘ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺭﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﺒ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻌﺒ ﷲﺍ ﻪﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﻻﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻌﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻰﺴﻨ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻌﻨ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨ .

ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ

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ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋﻭ ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ

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-ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ : ﺃ/ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ : ﻥﻤ ﻭﻠﺨﺘ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻡﺎﻬﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺽﻭﻤﻐﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻲﻨﺠ ) 392 ﻩ :( » ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﻝ ﺩﻴﻔﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﺒ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻅﻔﻝ لﻜ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ،لﻤﺠﻝﺍ : ﺭﻀﻭ ،ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﻗﻭ ،ﻙﻭﺨﺃ ﺩﻴﺯ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻙﻭﺒﺃ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺏ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ « ) 1 ( ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻀﻭﺘ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﺒ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻼﻜ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻪﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ . ﻱﺭﺸﺨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ) ﺕ 538 ﻩ ( ﻭﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ : » ﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻨﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻤﻠ ﻙﻝﻭﻘﻜ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﻰﺘﺄﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﻫﺍﺩﺤﺇ : ﺭﺸﺒ ،ﻙﻭﺨﺃ ﺩﻴﺯ ﻙﻝﻭﻗ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻡﺴﺍﻭ لﻌﻓ ﻲﻓﺃ ،ﻙﺒﺤﺎﺼ : ﺭﻀ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ،ﺭﻜﺒ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺍ ،ﺩﻴﺯ ﺏ « ) 2 ( ﻥﻤ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺀﻲﺸﻝ ﻥﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺎﻤﻫ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ . ﻱﺭﺎﺼﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ) ﺕ 761 ﻩ ( ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍﻭ . ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﺒ ﻕﺭﻓ ﺫﺇ لﺎﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺢﻴﺭﺼ : » ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺼﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻴﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺘﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ « ) 3 ( ﻥﻴﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻼﻤﺤﻴﻭ ،ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ . ﻱﺭﺸﺨﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺩﻨﻌﻓ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺀﻲﺸﻝ ﻥﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻼﻤﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻓ . ) 1 ( ﺢﺘ ،ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﺢﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ : ﻭﺍﺩﻨﻫ ﺩﻴﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻁ ،ﻱ 1 ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، : 2001 ،ﻡ ﺞﻤ 1 ﺹ، 72 . ) 2 ( ﻁ ،ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ لﺼﻔﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﷲﺍ ﺭﺎﺠ ﻡﺴﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ 1 ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ : 1999 ﺹ ،ﻡ 72 . ) 3 ( ﻴﺭﺎﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻴﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻐﻤ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺼﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺢﺘ ،ﺏ : ﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭ ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ : 2001 ﺝ ،ﻡ 2 ﺹ ، 474 .

ﻑﻼﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻓ ﻱﺭﺎﺼﻨﻷﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ لﺼﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺩﺼﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻪﺒ لﻭﻌﻔﻤﻭ لﻋﺎﻓﻭ لﻌﻓ . ﺏ / ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ : ﺱﻴﺭﺎﻫ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ Zelling Harris ﺎﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺩﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ لﻭﺃ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ " ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ " ﻪﻨﺴ ﺭﺩﺼ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ 1952 ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺫﺇ لﺎﻗ : » ﺒ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻤ ﺹﻨ ﻲﻓ لﺒ ،ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ لﻤﺠ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ لﻜﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﺘﺄﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺩ ﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﺫ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺫ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩ « ) 1 ( ﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺎﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ . ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺼ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻻﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼ : -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺃﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻗ . ﺱﻴﺭﺎﻬﻓ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﺼﻓ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺍﺩﻨﺘﺴﻤ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻋﺩ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺒﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ . ﻡﺃ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻨ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﻴ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﻻﺎﻓ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻔﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻘﻔﺘﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﻴﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻥﻋ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﻤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻫ ﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔ .

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-ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ : ) 1 ( ،ﻲﺸﺎﻴﻋ ﺭﺫﻨﻤ ﻁ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻼﻌﻝﺍ 1 ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، : 2004 ﺹ،ﻡ 120 .

ﺹﻨﻝﺍ : ﺃ/ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ : * ﺔﻐﻝ : ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻭ ﺹﺼﻨ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ . » ﺹﻨﻝﺍ : ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨ ،ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﻙﻌﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﻥﺒ ﻭﺭﻤﻋ لﺎﻗﻭ ،ﺹﻨ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﺎﻤ لﻜﻭ ،ﻪﻌﻓﺭ ،ﺎﺼﻨ ﻪﺼﻨﻴ : ﻼﺠﺭ ﺕﻴﺃﺭ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻼﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨ لﺎﻘﻴ ،ﺩﻨﺴﺃﻭ ﻪﻝ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻱﺃ ﻱﺭﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻠﻝ ،ﻪﻌﻓﺭ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺠ ﺔﺒﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺼﻨﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﺼﺼﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ : ﻪﺘﻌﻓﺭ ...) ( ﺎﺼﻨ ﻉﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻭ : لﻌﺠ ﺭﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺭ ﺎﺼﻨ ﺎﻬﺼﻨﻴ ﺔﺒﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻭ ،ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻀﻌﺒ « ) 1 ( ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺭﻭﻬﻅﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ لﻤﺤﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻨ ﻲﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻓ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ؟ﺹﻨﻠﻝ * ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺇ : ﻪﺜﻴﺩﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻠﺠ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺇ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ) ﺕ 204 ﻩ ( ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺃ " ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ." لﺎﻘﻓ : ﻭﻫ : » ﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﻴﺯﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻰﻨﻐﺘﺴﻤﻝ « ) 2 ( ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺎﺜﻤﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻭ ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻪﻝ لﺒ ،ﺕﻼﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ لﺒﻘﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﺼﻨ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻭﺄﺘ لﻤﺘﺤﻴ ﻻ ﺎﺘﺒﺎﺜ . ﺏ / ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ : ؟ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻓ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺩﺩﺤ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻝ لﻜﻓ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻁﻌﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺭﻅﻨ : » ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻴ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﺴﻨ ﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻴﺨﻝﺎﻜ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﻪﻀﻌﺒ ﻲﻠﻜ ﻥﺎﻴﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻲ ) 1 ( ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ ،ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻡﺭﻜﻤ ﻥﺒ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺠ لﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻁ ، 1 ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ﺭﺩﺎﺼ ﺭﺍﺩ ، : 1992 ﺞﻤ،ﻡ 7 ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ، ﺹ ،ﺹﺼﻨ 97 -98 . ) 2 ( ﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻴﺯ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻤﺎﺤ ﺭﺼﻨ ﻁ ،ﺔﻨﻤ 4 ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ : 2000 ﺹ ،ﻡ 151 .

ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻤ « ) 3 ( ﻝﺎﺘﺘﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺠﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ . ،ﻉﻭﺒﻁﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤ لﻜ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺏﻫﺫ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻑﻴﻠﺴﻤﻝﺎﻴ ﺱﻴﻭﻝ Louis Yalmisselif ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ : » ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻴﺃ ﺎﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻁﺨ ﻡﺃ ﺎﻴﻬﻔﺸ ﻼﻴﻭﻁ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺭﻴﺼﻗ « ) 1 ( ﻁﻭﺭﺸﺒ ﻩﺩﻴﻘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻑﻴﻠﺴﻤﻝﺎﻴ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﻭﻁﻝﺎﻜ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ،ﻲﻬﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺘﻜﺘ ﺎﺼﻨ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﻓ . ،ﻁﻘﻓ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻊﺒﺎﺘﺘ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﻲﻜﻠﻓ ،ﺹﻨ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﺼﻨ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺩﺤﻭﻤ لﻜ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ لﻜﺸﻴ » ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻠﻝ « ) 2 ( ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ؟
ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ texture : ﺝﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﻭﺤ ،ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻭﻁﻨﻤ ،ﺭﺜﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺎﺼﻨ ﻪﻨﻤ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﻝﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭﺘ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻤﺌﻼﺘﻤﻭ ﺎﻤﺠﺴﻨﻤ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻔﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻤﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ : » ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﺹﻨ لﻜ ﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﺼﻨ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﺔ « ) 3 ( لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺢﻀﻭﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ : ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤ لﻤﺠ ﺹﻨ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ) 3 ( ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،لﻴﻠﺨ ﻁ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴ 1 ﺴﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺭ : 2007 ،ﻡ 1427 ﺹ ،ـﻫ 271 . ) 1 ( ﻁ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ،ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ لﻴﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ 2 ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ، : 2007 ﺹ ،ﻡ 07 . ) 2 ( ﻁ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ ،ﻲﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ 2 ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ : 2006 ﺹ ،ﻡ 12 . ) 3 ( ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 13 .

ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ؟ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ لﻤﺠ ﻻ ﺹﻨ ؟
ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ : ﺩﻨﺍﺭﺠﻭﺒ ﻱﺩ لﻤﺠﺃ rebert de beaugrand ﺔﻌﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﺍﻭﺯﺒﻓ ،ﻪﻝ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻝ ﺩﻘﻔﺘ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ : ﺃ / ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻹﺍ cohesion ) ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ :( ﺎﻘﺤﻻ لﻴﺼﻔﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨﺴ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ . ﺏ / ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻹﺍ coherence ) ﻲﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ :( ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ،ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭﻝ ﻥﻭﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﺭﺘﺸﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﺝ / ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﻝﺍ Acceptabilite ) ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ :( ﻭﺃ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﻴﺍ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻡﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺒﺴ ﻭﺫ ﺹﻨ ﻲﻫ . ﺩ / ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ Situationalité ) ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭ :( ﻭﺫ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﺘ ﻻ لﻤﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﻴﻭ ،ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﻼﻝ لﺒﺎﻗ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﺤ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻩﺭﻴﻐﻴ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻗﺍﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ . ـﻫ / ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺒﺨﻹﺍ : ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﺎﺸﻴﻭ ﻡﻬﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ : » لﻤﺠ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ

ﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭ « ) 1 ( ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺹﻨ لﻜ لﻤﺤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻴﻘﻠﺘﻤﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻓ . ﻭ / ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ : ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ : » ﺹﻨ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻲﺼﻨ لﺨﺍﺩﺘﻭ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻠﻝ لﺎﺤﺭﺘ ﻠﻤ ﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘﺘﻭ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻁﻘﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻅﻭﻔ « ) 2 ( ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻌﻨ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺹﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ،ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺓﺭﺒﺨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ .

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ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ Cohesion ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ :
ﺔﻐﻝ : » ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﺴﺘﺍ : ﻯﻭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻡﻅﺘﻨﺍ II لﺒﻹﺍ ﺕﻘﺴﺘﺍﻭ : ﺭﻤﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﺘﺍﻭ ﺕﻌﻤﺘﺠﺍ : ﻯﻭﺘﺴﺍ ﻸﺘﻤﺍﻭ « . » ﻕﺴﻭﺘﺴﺍ : ﺎﻗﺎﺴﻴﺘﺴﺍ : ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﺴﻭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﺍ : ﻡﻅﺘﻨﺍ II ﻪﻝ ﻕﺴﻭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ : ﻪﻨﻜﻤﺃ « ) 1 ( ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺎﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ .
ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : ﻭﻫ » ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺤﻴ ﻪﻨﺇ ،ﻲﻝﻻﺩ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘ ﺹﻨﻜ ﻩﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ « ) 2 ( ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺘﺸﻴ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺎﻓ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻜ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺭﺌﺎﻤﻀﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍﻭ لﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ . ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻡﺘﻴ لﺒ ،ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﻲﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻻ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ... ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺦﻝﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻭﺫ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻜ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ » ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ) ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ( ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ) ﻷﺍ لﺎﻜﺸ ( ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ) ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ( « ) 3 ( ﺩﺴﺠﺘ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻬﻔﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ) 1 ( ،ﻰﺴﺍﺩﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻁ ،ﻱﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ 1 ﻥﺩﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ، : 2007 ﺹ ،ﻡ 104 . ) 2 ( ﻁ ،ﻲﻫﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻓﺭﺘ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ 2 ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ لﺎﺘﻴﻭﺘ ﺭﺍﺩ ، : 1997 ،ﻡ ﺹ 21 . ) 1 ( ﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺱﻴﻭﻝ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨ ﻡﻼﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﻁ ، 40 ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ : 2002 ﺹ ،ﻡ 900 . ) 2 ( ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺹ ، 15 . ) 3 ( ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 15 .

ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺭﻴﺒﺎﻌﺘﻜ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍﻭ ،لﺎﻜﺸﺄﻜ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ : ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻝﻻﺩ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻭ ﻱﻭﺤﻨ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤﻭ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﻡﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﺼﺘﻘﻤ . ﺃ/ ﻲﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ : ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻪﻨﻭﻔﺼﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻓ ،ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﺫﺠﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﺭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﻩﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ : ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ . 1 -ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻱ : ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍﻭ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ لﻤﺸﻴﻭ ﺩﻜﺅﻴﻭ ، ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ لﻀﻓ ﺡﻼﺼ » ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﺄﺸﻨﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺎﺒ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ لﻜ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ « ) 1 ( ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺎﺒ لﻀﻓ ﺡﻼﺼ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ . 2 -ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ : ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻥﺇ ،ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻨﻤ لﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﻪﻓﺩﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ . ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 291 .

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-ﻲﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ : 1 -ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ :
ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ Reference : ﻲﻫ » ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫﺒ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻔﻴﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ﻥﺇ ،لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻭﺄﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ « ) 2 ( ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫﺒ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻩﻭﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻐﻝ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﻭﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥ » ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﻭﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻭ ،لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻑﻝﺄﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ « ) 1 ( ﻨﺘ ﻡﺴﻘ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ : ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﺘﺘﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ : ﺔﻴﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻗ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ . ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ : ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ( ) ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ( ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ) ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ( ) ﻕﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ( ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻗ ﺔﻴﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﺤﻹﺎﻓ ﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝ ﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﻲﻫ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ لﻴﺤﻴ ﺎﻬ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺎﻌﻤ ﻪﻴﻘﻠﺘﻤﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻤ ﻪﻜﺭﺩﻴ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻗ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻊﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ : ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻌﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺕﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻪﻘﺤﻠﻴ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ : ﺭﺌﺎﻤﻀﻝﺍ : ﻭﻫ ،ﺕﻨﺃ ،ﻥﺤﻨ ،ﺎﻨﺃ ... ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺜﻤ : ﻥﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﻗﺭ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺏﻫﺫ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺍﺩﻴﻝﺎﻫﻭ " ﻴﻠﺠﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺯ ) " ،ﺕﺎﺤﺎﻔﺘ ﺕﺴ ﻯﻭﻨ ﻉﺯﻨﺍﻭ لﺴﻏﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻴ ﻥﺤﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻀ ( ﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ ﺩﺠﻨ لﺎﺜﻤﻝ ) 2 ( ﺹ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ 17 . ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 227 .

ﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺤﺃ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲ ) ﺕﺎﺤﺎﻔﺘ ﺕﺴ ﻲﻫﻭ .( ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻗ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻔﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ) ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ( ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ، ﺎﺼﻨ ﻥﺂﺸﻨﺘ ﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﺘﻠﻤﺠﻝﺎﻓ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﻀﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﺭﺤﻷﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺌﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﺫﺇ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ . ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺍﹰﺫﺇ ﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻨ » ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ " ﺎﻫ " ﺕﺴﻭ " ﺕﺎﺤﺎﻔﺘ " ﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻼﻴﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺀ ﺒﺎﻁﺘﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻘ « ) 2 ( ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ لﺜﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻴ : ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ : ،ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ،ﺎﻨﻫ ﻙﻠﺘ ،ﻙﺍﺫ ... ﺦﻝﺇ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ لﺜﻤ : ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ،ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ،لﻀﻓﺃ ... ﺦﻝﺇ ، ﺀﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺼﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ : ﺎﻤ ،ﻥﻤ ،ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ... ﺦﻝﺇ .
لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ Substitution : ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴﻭ ،ﻲﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ لﻼﺤﺇ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻥﻭﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺴﻴﻭ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ -ﻪﻨﻤ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻪﺒ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍﻭ » ﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻠﻴﺴ « ) 1 ( ﻥﻭﻴﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻴﻭ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ : -ﻲﻤﺴﺍ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ : ﻰﻤﺴﻴﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻴ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻼﻤﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻁﺭﺸﺒ ﻪﺒ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﻪﻨﻤ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ : ﻕﺯﻤﻤ ﺩﺠ ﻲﺒﺎﺘﻜ . ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻲﻨﺘﻗﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺍ . ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻡﺴﺎﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻡﺴﺎﺒ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ . -ﻲﻠﻌﻓ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ : ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺨﺁ لﻌﻔﺒ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻴ لﺜﻤ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﻝ لﻤﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ : لﻁﺎﻬﺘﻴ ﻪﻨﺇ ؟ﺞﻠﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﻘﺴ لﻫ . -ﻱﺭﺎﺒﻋ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ : لﺜﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ : لﻤﺃﺃ ـ ؟ﻥﺎﺤﺘﻤﻻﺍ ﺯﺎﺘﺠﻴﺴ لﻫ ؟ﻙﻝﺫ ) 2 ( ﺹ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ 14 . ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ 19 .

ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ Ellipsis : ﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﺭﺘﻭ ،ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﺘ ﻭﻬﻓ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺍ » ﺏﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﺒﺸ ،ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﻴﺠﻋ ،ﺫﺨﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻁﻝ ،ﻙﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻗﺩ ﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﺼﻓﺃ ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻯﺭﺘ ﻙﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺭﺤﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺃ ،ﺓﺩﺎﻓﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﻤﺼ ﺓﺩﺎﻓﻹﺍ « ) 2 ( ﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻁﺎﻘﺴﻹ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻑﺫﺤﺒ ﻪﻴﻓﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺍﺭﻗ ﺡﻭﻀﻭﻭ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ لﺎﺘ . ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ » ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻁ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺄﺒ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ،ﻲﻗﺎﺴﺘﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ( ﻭﺩ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ ﺭ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ « ) 1 ( ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﻻ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻨ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﺒ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ . ﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﻴﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺍﺩ : -ﻲﻤﺴﺍ ﻑﺫﺤ : ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻑﺫﺤ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻭ ﻲﻤﺴﻻﺍ ﻼﺜﻤ : ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ لﻗﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ـ ؟ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺤﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﺃ ﺭﺴﻜﻠﻝ . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻑﺫﺤ ﺎﻨﻫ . -ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻑﺫﺤ : لﺎﺜﻤ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻑﺫﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ : ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺫﺤ ﺎﻨﻫ ،ﻙﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺼ ـ ؟ﺕﺍﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜﺒ ﻪﻠﻌﻓ ﻱﻭﻨﻴ " ﻱﻭﻨﻴ " ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ . -ﻱﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻑﺫﺤ : ﻪﻤﻭﻗ ﺎﻋﺩ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻁﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻜﻤﺒ » ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻲﻨﺇ ﻭﻫ ﻻﺇ ﻪﻝﺇ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﷲﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻡﻜﻴﻝﺇ ) 2 ( ﺢﺘ ،ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ لﺌﻻﺩ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺠﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ : ،ﺭﻜﺎﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﻬﻗ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻁ 3 ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ، : 1992 ﺹ ،ﻡ 146 . ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ 22 .

ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ... « ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻑﺫﺤ ﺎﻨﻫ " لﻭﺴﺭﻝ ﻲﻨﺇ ﷲﺍ " ﻭﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻓ » ... ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭﻝ ﻲﻨﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭﻝ ﻲﻨﺇﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻡﻜﻴﻝﺇ « .
ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ Connectiont : لﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ : ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﺎﻜﺴﺎﻤﺘﻤ ﺎﺼﻨ ﺭﻴﺼﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻭ ﺎﻴﻘﻓﺃ ﻨﻋ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺩ : -ﻲﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻁﺒﺭ : ﻥﺎﺘﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻪﻠﺜﻤﺘ " ﻭﺍﻭﻝﺍ " ﻭ " ﻭﺃ " ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﺜﻤﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ " لﺜﻤﻝﺎﺒ " " ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ " ، " ﻙﻝﺫﻜ " ، " ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ " ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻑﻴﻀﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ . -ﻲﺴﻜﻋ ﻁﺒﺭ : ﻑﺭﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﺜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﻔﻴﻭ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺘﺴﻻﺍ " ﻥﻜﻝ " ، " ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺒ " ، " ﺎﻤﺃ " ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ " ﻙﻝﺫ ﻑﻼﺨ " ، " ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﻜﻌ " ، " لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ " ، " ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ " -ﻲﺒﺒﺴ ﻁﺒﺭ : لﺜﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﻤﺠ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻴﻭ ) ﻥﻷ ،لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻜﻫ،ﻲﻜﻝ ( -ﻲﻨﻤﺯ ﻁﺒﺭ : ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﺜﻤﻴﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﺯ ﻥﻴﺘﻌﺒﺎﺘﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﻤﺠ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ) : ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ،ﺫﻨﻤ ،لﺒﻗ ،ﺩﻌﺒ ،ﻑ ،ﻡﺜ .(.... لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﺭﻀﻨﺴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻠﻝﻭ : » ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﻗ ،ﺭﺍﺩﺤﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺸ لﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺴﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﻜ ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺃ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻭﻁﻭ ﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻕﺘﻠﻴ ﻡﻝ . ﺏ -ﺏﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤ . ﺝ ﺔﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ] ﻪﻝ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ [ لﻔﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺒ . ﺩ -ﺢﻴﺭﺘﺴﻴﻝ ﺱﻠﺠ ،ﺵﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﻡﺜ « ) 1 ( ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻓ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻡﻬﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻙﺸ ﻼﻓ،ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﻭ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﺴﺘﺍﻭ . ) 2 ( ﺔﺒﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋﻭ ﻲﺒﻠﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺭﺍﺯﻷﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻁﺩ ،ﺀﺎﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﺨ ﻥﻤ : 2006 ﺹ ،ﻡ 36 .

2 -ﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻲﻤﺠﻌ : ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺭﻓﺎﻁﺘﺘ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻪﻤﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﻓ :
ﺭﻴﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ Reitrration : ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻭﻫ » ﺭﺴ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺍﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﻤ ﻪﺒﺸ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻡﺎﻋ « ) 2 ( ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺸ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﻴ ﻪﻓﺩﺍﺭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﻅﻔﻝ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺠﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ » ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤ ﺕﺒﺜ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ) ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ( ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ،ﻕﺴﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ « ) 1 ( ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻪﻝ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﺠﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻜﺄﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺭﺭﻜﺘﺘ ﻥﺄﻜ ﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﺩﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﺼﻨﻝﺍ . ﺭﻭﺼ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃﻭ : ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ : » ﺔﻋﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻋﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ « . ﺔﻴﺁ ﺔﻋﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ 1 ـ 2 . ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺈﺒ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﺼ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻁﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺎﺜﻤ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺫﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺠ لﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ » ... ﷲﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﺇ ﺽﻴﺒﻴ ، ﻩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻀﺭﻴﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺭﻴﻭ ،ﺏﺭﻝﺍ ﻲ « ) 2 ( ﻡﻏﺭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ : » ﺽﻴﺒﻴ ﻩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ » « ﺏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻴ « ، » ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺭﻴ « ،ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻜﻴ ﻥﻫﻭ . ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﺤﺘ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﺘ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻴ ﺩﻗ ـ لﺜﻤ لﻤﺎﺸﻝﺎﺒ : ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺴﻝ 23 . ) 2 ( ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 24 . ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 231 . ) 2 ( ﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﺒ – ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ،ﺀﺎﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺹ 38 .

ﺩﻗ ـ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻡﺴﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻴ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ : » ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺒ ﺫﻭﻋﺃ لﻗ ) 1 ( ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻤ ) 2 ( ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﺇ ) 3 ( « ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ " 1 ، 2 ، 3 ." ﻨﻫ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺎﻓ ﺎ ﻻﻭ ﻡﻫﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﺘ ﻼﻓ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻡﺴﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﻭ ﺭﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ .
ﻡﺎﻀﺘﻝﺍ Collocation : ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﺎﻤﻬﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ لﻌﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﻭﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺘ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﻭﺯ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻭﻫ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ : ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ـ ) ﻕﺎﺒﻁﻝﺍ ( لﺜﻤ : ﺽﺭﺃ ،ﺀﺎﻤﺴ ،ﺏﺃ ،ﻡﺃ ،ﺕﻭﻤ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ... ﺦﻝﺍ . ـ لﺜﻤ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﺘ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ : ﺱﻴﻠﺒﺇ ،ﻥﺎﻁﻴﺸ ،ﺀﺎﻨﻓ ،ﺕﻭﻤ ،لﻌﻨ ،ﺀﺍﺫﺤ ... ﺦﻝﺍ . ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ـ : لﺜﻤ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﻨﻌﻨﻭ : ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ،ﺏﻼﻁ ،ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ﺏﺘﻜ ... ﺦﻝﺍ . ﺱﻔﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺭﻓﺎﻀﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻋﻭﻨﺒ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻲﻫ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﺎﻬﻜﺴﺎﻤﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤ ،ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺭﺜﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻌﺸ . ﺎﻓ ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺴﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺹﻨﻝ .

ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﺠﺘ

ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ

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ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ

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1 -ﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ " ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ ." ،ﻑﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﺤﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺴ لﺘﺤﺘ ﻭ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺓ ﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻗﻭ ،لﺎﻔﻨﻷﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺤﺒ ﻷ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭ ﻲﺒ ﺎﻴﺤ ﻥ ﺃ ﻨ ﺎﻬ " ﺩﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻨﻴ ﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻜ ﺔ ﻴ ل ﻻﺇ ﻱﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻜﻤﺒ ﺕﻝﺯﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻵﺍ ﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻤ " ) 1 ( ﻎﻠﺒﻴﻭ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﺌﺎﻤﻭ ﻥﻭﺭﺸﻋﻭ ﻊﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺁ ﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﻴﺌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺴ ﻨﻴ ﺫﺇ ﺔ ﺃﺩﺒﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺒ ،ﷲﺍ ﻡﺴﺒ ﺎﻋ ﺕﻝﺯﻨ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺭﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴﻭ ﻙﻭﺒﺘ ﺓﻭﺯﻏ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺴﺘ ﻡ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻎﻠﺒﻴ 2506 ﺩﺩﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺭﺤ 10873 ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻘﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺤ ﺱﻨﻭﻴ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ . ﺃ/ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ : ﻋ ﺕﻴﻨ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ، ﺎﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻠﻋ لﺯﻨ ﻰ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻠﺼ ﻰ ﻡﻠﺴ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ، ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﺎﻓﺩﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ : * ﻥﺎﻴﺒ ﺍ ﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ . * ﻅﺇ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﻬ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺤ ﺱﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴ ﺍ ﻡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﺯﻐﻝ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﻔﻨﺘﺴ . ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﻨﻤﻀﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺁ : 1 -ﺕﺃﺩﺘﺒﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝﻭﺴﺭﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﺒﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﺒ ﺕﺩﺘﻤﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﺩﻭﻬﻋﻭ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻜﻬﺘ ﻡﻬﺤﺌﺎﺒﻗ ﺭﻜﺫﻭ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﻬﺘﺒ ، ﻤﺁ ﺭ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓ ﻘﺒ ﺘﺎ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ) 1 ﻰﻝﺍ 22 .( 2 ﺕﻨﺜﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻴﺭﺠﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﺭﺠﻫ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻭ ﺎﻁﻭﻷﺍ ﻥ ﺤ ﺒ ﷲﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﺭﺫﺤﻭ ،ﻪﻝﻭﺴﺭ ﺏﺭﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﻥﻴ ﺏﺠﺍﻭ ﺕﺩﺭﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺜ ،ﺭﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﺯﺘﻌﻴﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺭﺼﻨﺒ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻜﺫﺘ ﺕﺩﺎﻋﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺫﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﻤ ﻡﻬﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ) 23 ﻰﻝﺍ 33 ( 3 -ﻔﺼﻭ ﺕ ﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﺅﺭ ﺒﻜﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻯﺭﺎﺼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﻬﻴﻝ ﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﺸﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺭ لﺍﻭﻤﺃ لﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭ ﻡﻬﻨﻷ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺨﺘﺍ ﺍﻭﺫ ﻝﺍ ﺩ ﺭﻝﺍ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻁﻤ ﻥﻴ ﻰﻀ ﺕﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺜ ،ﺓﺀﺎﻨﺩﻝﺍﻭ لﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ، ) 1 ( ﻥﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﺢﺘ ،ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ،ﻲﺴﻝﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺤ : ،ﺽﻭﻌﻤ ﻲﻠﻋﻭ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ لﺩﺎﻋ ﻁ 1 ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، : 1993 ،ﻡ ﺹ 6 .

،ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺌﺎﺒﻗﻭ ﻡﻬﺤﺌﺎﺒﻗ ﺫﻓ ﻴﻘﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﺕﺭﻜ ﻥ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﷲﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ) 34 ﻰﻝﺍ 45 .( 4 ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﺇﻭ ﺭﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺤﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺕﺭﻜﺫﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺕﻴﺘﺸﺘ ﻡﻬﺘﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﻡﻫﺍﺫﺄﺒ ﺡﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺠ ﺭ ﺍ ﻡﻬﻤﺌ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﻨﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ) 46 ﻰﻝﺍ 60 .( 5 ﺕﺭﻜﺫ ﺕﺎﻴﺁ ﺇ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ لﻭﺴﺭﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻘﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺫﻴ ﻡﻬﻤﺍﺩﻗﺇﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺤ ﻠ ﻑ ﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﺌﺍﺯﻬﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺫﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴ ﺕﺎﻴﺂﺒ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻤ لﺎﻌﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻨ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﺍﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﷲﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺘﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ) 61 ﻰﻝﺍ 93 .( 6 ﺕﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺍﻭﻔﻠﺨﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻭﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺍﻭﺀﺎﺠﻭ ﺩ ﻷﺎﺒ ﺭﺍﺫﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺌﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺭﻜﺫ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺫﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴ " ﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺴﻤ ﻀ ﺭﺍﺭ " ﻭﻨﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻩ ﺍﺭﻜﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻝ ﺘﻠﻝ ﺂ ﺭﻤ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻓ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻡﻬﺤﻀﻔﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ) 95 ﻰﻝﺍ 110 .( 7 ﺔﺼﻗ ﺕﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺜ ،ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺍﻭﻋﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻫﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﺕﺭﻜﺫ ﺓﻭﺯﻏ ﻥﻋ ﺍﻭﻔﻠﺨﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻜﺫﺘﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺘﺨﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻭ ،ﻙﻭﺒﺘ ﺜﻌﺒﺒ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻌﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺤﺭ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺍﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ) 111 ﻰﻝﺍ 129 .( 2 / ﺎﻫﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ﻜﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺓﺭﺜﻜﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻡﺴﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻠﻝ ﻥ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥ ﺇ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﺴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺤﺘ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺘ ﺭﻭﺴﻜ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻤ ﺓ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ : 1 -ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻝﺍ : ﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻥﻴﺭﺠﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻨﻝ ﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻩﻭﻌﺒﺘﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﻨﻷﺍ ﺭﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺴ ، ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺍﻭﻔﻠﺨﺘ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﻘﻝ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻙﻭﺒﺘ ﺓﻭﺯﻏ ﻲﻓ : } ﺩﻘﻝ ﺏﺎﺘ ﺭﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻩﻭﻌﺒﺘﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺠﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺓ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﺘ ﻡﺜ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﺏﻭﻠﻗ ﻎﻴﺯﻴ ﺩﺎﻜ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺇ ﻡﻴﺤﺭ ﻑﻭﺅﺭ ﻡﻬﺒ ﻪﻨ ) 117 ( ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻔﻠﺨ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺍﻭﻨﻅﻭ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻗﺎﻀﻭ ﺕﺒﺤﺭ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻗﺎﻀ ﺍﺫﺇ