A Deterministic Annealing PMHT Algorithm with an Application to Particle Tracking
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. A deterministic annealing PMHT algorithm with an application to particle tracking Are Strandlie — Josiane Zerubia. N° 3711 Juin 1999 THÈME 3. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.
(3)
(4)
(5) "!$# &%& ' ( &,,- . % /%0,&1 23& 45 . )* '(+. 6 798;:1<97>=@?A BDCE8GFHJILK@MONCP=@?8RQ8S79T U CD= V.WX>Y[Z\]_^a`cbZ>deGf>bhgjiG`kWiGYlY[Z9mnYoeGfWpgq`Zsr gqYoeutvZJwxr1ypiG`p`zJZJwxrfJiG`p`1eugjwweu`fJZJw {diu|hZ>b}dhgEeu`1e ~eup iGdhb&ypZ5dZJfWZ>dfWZ3`2\v@s[]s pgq`xss]s-1eutvZJw ;JxSpvv[ Zgq`cbhdi@yO fJZbhWZ{diG1eupgqqgjwhbhgjflk pqbhgm@iGbhWZJwhgjwVdeGf@gq`pt {¡¢V£eum tviGdhgqbhWpY¥¤ iGd1eudhbhgjf>jZ[bhdeGf@gq`pt¦gq`§WpgqtsWOmZ>`Z>dhts§pWcOwhgjfJwypZ>bZJf>biGdwx¨RV.WpgjweuqtviGdhgqbhWpY/W1eGw ZJZ>`§ypZ>©vZ>jiG ZJyªdZJfJZ>`cbhq¦¤«iGd5bhdeGf@gq`pt¬Y pqbhgqpjZobeudhtvZ>bw5gq`§f>q pbhbZ>dxreu`yªgqb5gjw1eGwZJyªiG` YoeS®OgqY pY+qgqvZ>qgqWi¯i@y°ZJwhbhgqYoeubhgjiG`°¯±eugjy²iu¤bhWZ¬³euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨°V.WZRdZJwh pqbhgq`pt´euqtvium dhgqbhWpY01eGwhgjfxeuqq¦fJiG`whgjwhbwiu¤µdh p`p`pgq`pt¬wZ>©vZ>deu2gqbZ>deubZJyªeu`y¶fJiG ppjZJyª·¸euqYoeu`¦¹qbZ>dw¸eu`y wY[i¯iGbhWZ>dw2gq`-1eudeuqjZ>n¨2^b2gjw2whgqYlgqEeudbi¢bhWZ.³EeGwhbhgjf.}dhY[weuqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬rvp pb2gqb2iswwZJwwZJwbhWZ eGypyOgqbhgjiG`1euº¤«Zxeubh pdZ[iu¤»Z>gq`pt¶eupjZlbi¬beuvZlpdi@fJZJww`iGgjwZlgq`cbi¶eGfJfJiG p`cbxreGw¸¤ iGd¸gq`wbeu`fJZ Y pqbhgqpjZ¡¼½iG pjiGY¾wfxeubhbZ>dhgq`pt¨±Z>dZ>gq`Lrµ¿ºZÀdZ>©@gjZ>¿Ágqbw-1eGwhgjfÂpdiGZ>dhbhgjZJw;eu`y ypZ>dhgq©vZke tvZ>`Z>deuqgqÃxZJy¡©vZ>dwhgjiG`¶iu¤bhWZeuqtviGdhgqbhWpYcÀgq`f>q yOgq`pt¬e[ypZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwbhgjfeu`p`Zxeuqgq`ptÀwfWZ>Y[Zs¨ Ä pdhbhWZ>d&ypZ>©vZ>jiGpY[Z>`cbw&iu¤bhWZ5euqtviGdhgqbhWpYÁgq`ÀiGdypZ>d.bigqYlpdiÅ©vZ5bhWZZ>d'¤«iGdhYoeu`fJZ¸eudZ5eujwi yOgjwf> wwZJyƨ^a`;1eudhbhgjf> pEeudxrO¿½ZpdiG iswZbiY[i¯yOg¤ [bhWZ¢Wpgqb'mnbiumnbhdeGfÀeGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`¯b½pdiG1eupgqm gqbhgjZJw½gq`RiGdypZ>dºbiiGpbeugq`ÀfJiGYlZ>bhgqbhgjiG`R Z>b¿½ZJZ>`ÀWpgqbwºgq`ÂbhWZ¢weuY[ZypZ>bZJf>biGd.EexvZ>dx¨Ägq`1euqqvr ¿½ZpdZJwZ>`cb5dZJwh pqbw5iu¤»eu`¶gqYlpjZ>Y[Z>`cbeubhgjiG`Çiu¤ºbhWZ-euqtviGdhgqbhWpYÈiG`¶wgqY pEeubZJy¶bhdeGfOw¤ diGY bhWZ5}V»É}ʬ^`p`Z>d&ËZ>bZJf>biGdVdeu`whgqbhgjiG`¡~¢eGyOgEeubhgjiG`kVLdeGfvZ>d- V»~2V£9¨ ̬ÍvÎ ÏÐÑ SÒv ³µÓeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬rypZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbhgjfÀeu`p`Zxeuqgq`ptrµ{µ¡¢V3euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬rµ1eudhbhgjf>jZ bhdeGf¯gq`ptr1eudhbhgjf>jZ¸pWcOwhgjfJwx¨ ÔÕ2Ö'×GØÙ«ÚnÛ»Ö'ÜJÚÝÞß1àJáÅâ«ãåäæâ'çsèÜuãêé>ÖæÙnâ«ãëÚPáÝÞìâ«íêÝSçcßOîsìºîsïÝhð-ñ'òó>ô&ïíêãêÜGõÅÖæÙnܯçcòöÅñ'÷ìâ«íêÝÅçvøÝÙ«ù Ø'á5ØÜuõ Õ2Ö'×GØÙ«ÚnÛ»Ö'ÜJÚÝÞLúíåÖ'äaÚ«Ùnãåä'Øíú1ÜSû9ãêÜuÖæÖæÙnãêÜuû5ØÜGõüSäæãêÖ'ÜuäæÖ9çOýþ ÿ9éxã Ý9íêíêÖ'û9Öç1üÅÖæÙnéxãåäæÖ sÝðlñ Åñç ôxñhò5ýþPÿ9éxã sç øÝÙ«ù Ø'á ÖÆù Ý uíåõ»íåã >ÖLÚnÝ2ÚnàGØÜ ºÕÙhî GõSÝíëÞ SÙ uàJùLãëÙ«Únà.ÞÝÙ Û&ØÜJáºé9Øí GØ SíêÖäæÝÛ»Û»Ö'ÜJÚnâpÝ9Ü»ÚnàuÖLÛ&ØÜ SânäaÙnãê×SÚhî ìÜuÖLÝÞ uâ ü pãêâÆØíêâ«ÝµûÙØÚnÖaÞ uísÚnÝÚnàuÖøÝÙ«ù Ö'ûãåØÜ Ö'â«Ö'ØÙänà Ý uÜGäaãåíGÞ ÝÙÆ×uØÙ«ÚnãåØíGÞ uÜuõSãêÜuûÝÞ@ØàGØíêÞ jáJÖhØÙ â ÚØháØÚ Dø î .
(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !. #". %$ $&. Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis 2004, route des Lucioles, B.P. 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France) Téléphone : 04 92 38 77 77 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 77 — Fax : 04 92 38 77 65 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 65.
(7) &%& ' ( 3 "! # &3 '
(8) Ç ,,- . % + ¸ R$,&1
(9) iG w¢fJiG`whgjypz>diG`w¢êeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[Z{¡¢V iG pdw pgq©¯dZEelbhdeS|hZJf>biGgqdZypZ1eud'm bhgjf> pjZJw¢yeu`wypZJw¢ypz>bZJf>bZ> pdw pbhgqqgjwzJwZ>`kpWcOwhgc ZypZJwW1eu pbZJwz>`Z>dhtsgjZJwx¨¼½Z>b¢euqtviGdhgqbhWpY[Z. eldzJfJZ>YlY[Z>`cb5z>bzypz>©vZ>jiGp z iG pdw pgq©¯dZ¸ypZJw¢f>gqpjZJwY pqbhgqpjZJwyeu`w p`¦Z>`c©@gqdiG`p`Z>Y[Z>`cb Z>`fJiGYpdzs¨¸^aZJwhb¤ iG`ypz-wh pd¢ëZJwhbhgqYoeubZ> pd5yO ¶YoeS®@gqY pY ypZ©@deugjwZ>YpEeu`fJZsrLZ>b¢wêeupp pgjZ w pd p`§euqtviGdhgqbhWpY[ZlypZb@Z³´¨É êeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[ZldzJwh pqbeu`cb5fJiGdhdZJwh iG`y; pbhgqqgjweubhgjiG`ªZ>` 1eudeuqjX>jZypZºpq wgjZ> pdw2¹qbhdZJwypZ»·¸euqYoeu`lgqbz>deubhg¤«wfJiG ppjzJwx¨2^pZJwhbpdi@fWZ»ypZ. êeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[Z ³µ}r1Yoeugjw&gqZJwbypZ5pq w¢fxeu1eupjZypZpdZ>`yOdZZ>`¦fJiGYlpbZjZpdh pgqb¢eGwwi@f>gjzeu ¡pdi¯fJZJww wxr fJiGYlY[Z[1eudZ9®OZ>YlpjZ[EeRyOg whgjiG`ÇypZo¼½iG pjiGYY pqbhgqpjZs¨oË5eu`w¸fJZldeup iGdhbxrL`iG w¸pdz9m wZ>`cbiG`w»jZJw.pdiGpdhgjz>bzJw&f>EeGwwhg c ZJw»y p`ÀbZ>LeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[Z¸Z>b»pdiG iswiG`w. p`Ztvz>`z>deuqgjweubhgjiG` gq`f>q 1eu`¯b5 p`ªdZJf> pgqb¸ypz>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbZs¨ iG wpdiG iswiG`w5z>tceujZ>Y[Z>`cb¸pq wgjZ> pdw5Y[i¯yOg¹1fxeubhgjiG`w euY[z>qgjiGdeu`¯bjZJw2 Z>d'¤ iGdhYoeu`fJZJwypZ»fJZ>beuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[Zs¨³`-1eudhbhgjf> pqgjZ>dxrv`iG wºeJ©viG`w2Y[i@yOg¹1z.jZJw pdiG1eupgqqgqbzJwdZ>qgEeu`cbjZJwz>©vz>`Z>Y[Z>`¯bw-z>jz>Y[Z>`cbeugqdZJwleu O®ªbhdeS|'ZJf>biGgqdZJw-eS¹`Çy ëiGpbZ>`pgqd p`Z fJiGYl z>bhgqbhgjiG`¡Z>`¯bhdZfJZJw&z>©vz>`Z>Y[Z>`¯bwyeu`w» p`Z5 Y >Y[ZfJiG fWZyO kypz>bZJf>bZ> pdx¨½³`O¹`Lr1`iG w pdzJwZ>`cbiG`w¸ypZJwdzJwh pqbeubw5iGpbZ>`¯ w¸wh pdypZJw5whgqY pEeubhgjiG`w¸dzxeuqgjwzJZJw o1eudhbhgqd¸yO ¶ypz>bZJf>bZ> pd }V»É}ʪ V»~2V£9¨ ! Ñ x Ï # " euqtviGdhgqbhWpY[Zdz´r.dZJf> pgqbkypz>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbZsreuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[Z§{µ¡¢V5r&wh pgq©@g5ypZ 1eudhbhgjf> pjZJwÅrppWcOwhg ¯ Z¸ypZJw»1eudhbhgjf> pjZJw.
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14) "!$#&%' (
(15) ). *. % & &. + ,- x Ñ Òs/. Ñ 1
(16) ÂÍ32 . ÍcÐ
(17) Ñ4 p/.P65 Ñ 5 Í S/. Í Ñ4 /7 Í98 !;:6< > @? Í - Í S ".vA O/. Ñ - Ñ4 /7 ÍB8 !;:6< "? Ñ C.D/7 D. - ?À$E Í Í F. - .PJ/.Pl - Ï - Í ". - ?HG ! Í C7 - .I Í 0 J . "PO/. Ñ - ÍK 5 Í . Í - x Ñ4 xupDLÆ 4 Ñ /7 Í <NM JO,-P- Í QE Í Í v Ñ <
(18) R< T U Ñ - " /. Ñ - l - Ò Ñ " ÑÆÑ L. %. ÜXWpöZYJñ9ñ. \. 0 =. ++ +S> S+ V.
(19)
(20) (C
(21) P
(22) Z
(23) . %5 %. ËZ>©vZ>jiGpY[Z>`¯bwogq`°bhdeGf´¹`yOgq`pt´eu`y±¹bhbhgq`ptyO pdhgq`ptÇbhWZÀEeGwhb[iG`Zkeu`y¾e¶W1eu¤ypZJfxeGypZJw fxeu`ªdiG ptsWpq¶ Z-yOgq©¯gjypZJyªgq`¯biÀb¿½i¬wZ>1eudeubZ[fxeubZ>tviGdhgjZJwŨlV.WZ-¹dwhb¸fxeubZ>tviGdh¶fJiG`whgjwhbw¸iu¤ Y[Z>bhWi@ypw&iGdeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[w1eGwZJyÀiG`¬bhWZ`ix¿ ¿»gjypZ>q; wZJyÀ·¸euqYoeu`¬¹qbZ>dq iGd»©GeudhgEeubhgjiG`w bhWZ>dZJiu¤h¨V.WZµ·¸euqYoeu`¸¹qbZ>dL Z>d'¤ iGdhY[we½jZxeGwhb'mw ¯ 1eudZJwƹbLiu¤ObhWZyeube.gq`e½bhdeGffxeu`yOgjyeubZ biÂe-tsgq©vZ>`kbhdeGf¬Y[i@ypZ>n¨`Ziu¤bhWZ¸Yoeugq`¶eGyO©Geu`¯beutvZJw¢iu¤bhWZeuppqgjfxeubhgjiG`¦iu¤bhWpgjw¹qbZ>d fJiGYl1eudZJy¡bi;eltsjiG1eujZxeGwhb'mw c 1eudZJw¹bgjwbhW1eubpdi@fJZJww&`iGgjwZsr eGw»¤«iGdgq`wbeu`fJZ¸Y pqbhgqpjZ ¼½iG pjiGY§wfxeubhbZ>dhgq`ptrLfxeu`¶ ZbeuvZ>`¶gq`¯bi¬eGfJfJiG p`cb5ji@fxeuqqvrÆgn¨ëZs¨5bhWZ>dZleudZ`i;jiG`ptGmndeu`ptvZ fJiGdhdZ>EeubhgjiG`w2 Z>b¿½ZJZ>`-bhWZºiGwZ>dh©seubhgjiG`wx¨^`-eGypyOgqbhgjiG`LrGcw pppjZ>Y[Z>`cbhgq`pt5bhWZµ¹qbZ>d¿»gqbhWle wY[i¯iGbhWZ>d2iGpbhgqYoeupZJwhbhgqYoeubZJwiu¤1bhWZºbhdeGf1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwfxeu`- ZµZ>©seuq 1eubZJyleu`c@¿»WZ>dZ&eujiG`pt bhWZ[bhdeGf ¨o¢ix¿ºZ>©vZ>dxrbhWZoeuppqgjfxeubhgjiG`±iu¤½bhWZo·¸euqYoeu`ª¹qbZ>ddZ ¯ pgqdZJw¸bhW1eub¸bhWZ[1eubhbZ>dh` dZJfJiGts`pgqbhgjiG`¡pdiGpjZ>Y¬r1gn¨ëZs¨µbhWZ5Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯b'mnbiumnbhdeGfªeGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cbpdi¯fJZJyO pdZsr1W1eGw& ZJZ>` fJiGYlpjZ>bZ>q;dZJwiGq©vZJyÂgq`ReGyO©seu`fJZs¨^¤L`iGbxr@iG`Zfxeu`ÂpdiGiswZbiYoeuvZ5e¸qgjwhb.iu¤euqiswwhgqpjZ fJiGYpgq`1eubhgjiG`w»iu¤ÆiGgq`¯bwµgq`whgjypZ¢e5bhdeGf[fxeu`yOgjyeubZbhW1eub½fJiG`whbhgqbh pbZ¢e¸©GeuqgjyobhdeGfoeu`yodh p` bhWZ5¹qbZ>diG`¡euqLbhWZJwZ¸fJiGYpgq`1eubhgjiG`wx¨.^a`ÀbhWZZ>`yÆriG`Z¸pgjfOw&bhWZfJiGYpgq`1eubhgjiG`¡¿»gqbhWkbhWZ jZxeGwb©seuq ZÀiu¤bhWZÀfWpgjw ¯ 1eudZÀwhbeubhgjwhbhgjf¬eGw-bhWZ¹bhbZJy±bhdeGf ¨`ZRYoeS|'iGd[yOgjweGyO©seu`cbeutvZ ¿»gqbhW¡bhWpgjweuppdiveGfW¡gjwbhW1eubbhWZ5`¯ pY Z>d¢iu¤fJiGYpgq`1eubhgjiG`w5fxeu`ktvZ>b©vZ>dhREeudhtvZ¸¿»WZ>`¡bhWZ ypZ>`wgqbÇiu¤¢Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbw[gjw-WpgqtsWLrºeGw¿»gqq.ZÂbhWZRfxeGwZÂgq`´¤P pbh pdZRZ9®OZ>dhgqY[Z>`¯bwoeub-bhWZ ÉeudhtvZ¸¢eGyOdiG`¶¼½iGqqgjypZ>d ÉL5¼»£.eub¢¼½³~ ¨ ¦iGdZ5dZJfJZ>`¯bhqvr1bhWZ>dZW1eJ©vZ¸ ZJZ>`¡eubhbZ>YlpbwbioeuppqRbhWZ5eu wwgEeu`Omwh pY ¹qbZ>dÊ@Ä£»bi pdiGpjZ>Y[w½dZ>EeubZJyÂbibhdeGf@gq`pt¨V.WZ¸Ê@ÄbeuvZJw½bhWZ&¤«iGdhY3iu¤wZ>©vZ>deuÆ·¸euqYoeu`;¹qbZ>dw½dh p`Om `pgq`ptgq`R1eudeuqjZ>Leu`yogjw½bhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZedZ>Eeubhgq©vZ>q;wbhdeugqtsWcb'¤«iGdh¿½eudy¬Z9®ObZ>`whgjiG`Riu¤bhWZiGdhgqtsgq`1eu ·¸euqYoeu`-¹qbZ>dx¨2^ab2W1eGw2bh pdh`ZJy[iG pb2biZ½ wZ9¤ pOgq`-wgqbh 1eubhgjiG`w¿»WZ>dZ»iG`Z»Z>`fJiG p`cbZ>dwµjiG`ptGm beugqjZJyÂiGdµ`iG`Om¸eu wwhgEeu`ÂY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb»`iGgjwZêr¯eu`y;gqb½W1eGw½eujwiwh fJfJZJww'¤ pqq[wiGq©vZJyobhWZ pdiGpjZ>Y iu¤wgqY pqbeu`ZJiG wlbhdeGf§¹`yOgq`pt§eu`y§¹bhbhgq`ptªbi¦yeube¦fJiGYlgq`pt¦¤PdiGY ekypZ>bZJf>biGd ¿»gqbhWeuYpgqts iG w5Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bwê\¨V.WZYoeS|hiGd5pdiGpjZ>Y ¿»gqbhWªbhWZ¸Ê@ľgq`¶bhWZ-EeubhbZ>d fxeGwZgjw½gqbw½EeGfRiu¤diGp whbh`ZJww.bix¿½eudypw&`iGgjwZsr@gn¨ëZs¨gqbw½Z>W1ex©¯gjiG pd»gq`RbhWZfxeGwZ¢¿»WZ>dZ¢`iG`Z iu¤LbhWZ¢Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bw.gq`ÂwiGY[ZypZ>bZJf>biGd.EeJvZ>d»gjw½fJiGYlgq`pt¤PdiGY bhWZbhdeGfobi Z&¹bhbZJyƨ^a` gqbwºiGdhgqtsgq`1eu1¤«iGdhY pEeubhgjiG`LrObhWZ¸Ê@Ī¿»gqq euq¿½eJOw½Z>qgjZ>©vZbhW1eub½eubºjZxeGwhbºiG`Z¢iG pbºiu¤Æ iswwhgqpq wZ>©vZ>deuY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bwgq`¦eoEeJvZ>diGdhgqtsgq`1eubZJw¢¤PdiGY bhWZfJiGdhdZJf>b¢bhdeGf rbhWZ>dZ>c¬gq`yO f>gq`pt elpgEeGw&gq`kbhWZZJwhbhgqYoeubZJwiu¤bhWZ5bhdeGfÀ1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwx¨.V.Wpgjwfxeu`kgq`kpdhgq`f>gqpjZ¸ Z¸f> pdZJyÆr1p pb bhWZ5fJiGYlp pbeubhgjiG`1eu2fJiswhb»¿»gqqLdeupgjyOqRgq`f>dZxeGwZs¨ V.WZY[iswhbLdZJfJZ>`cbypZ>©vZ>jiGpY[Z>`cbgq`¸bhWZf>EeGwwiu¤¯¹qbZ>dwÅrÅbhWZËZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbhgjfº}`p`Zxeuqgq`pt¢ÄgqqbZ>d Ë}Ä£ r@W1eGw.ZJZ>`¬fJiG`wbhdh f>bZJyRgq`Àeu`keubhbZ>Ylpb»biliÅ©vZ>dfJiGY[Z5bhWZwhWiGdhbfJiGYlgq`ptvw&iu¤bhWZ Ê@Ľ¨@^abºgjw»eu`ÂgqbZ>deubZJyÀ·¸euqYoeu`;¹qbZ>d.¿»gqbhWRdZ>¿ºZ>gqtsW¯bZJy¬iGwZ>dh©seubhgjiG`w&eu`yÂgjw½eu`ÀZ9®euYlpjZ iu¤Leu`[³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY rc¿ºZ>qmn@`ix¿»`;gq`owhbeubhgjwhbhgjfJwx¨2V.WZ.¹qbZ>dµgjwc-fJiG`whbhdh f>bhgjiG`odiGp wbxr eu`y§bhWZoypZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbhgjfÂeu`p`Zxeuqgq`pt¦wfWZ>Y[Z[gq`f>q ypZJyÇZ !of>gjZ>`cbhq§pdZ>©vZ>`¯bwbhWZoeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY Pø. $ $&.
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28) "!$#&%' (
(29) ). . ¤ diGY Z>`yOgq`pt¦ p´gq`°e¬ji@fxeu½YoeS®@gqY pY iG`ÇbhWZ;qgqvZ>qgqWi¯i@y±wh pd'¤neGfJZs¨¦^abgjwZ ¯ pgq©GeujZ>`¯blbi bhWZ³EeGwbhgjf¢}dhY[w&euqtviGdhgqbhWpY ¤ iGdhY pEeubZJy¤ iGd.whgq`ptsjZ¢bhdeGfRfxeu`yOgjyeubZJwxrOp pb.gqb.W1eGw½bhWZ eGypyOgqbhgjiG`1eu&¤ Zxeubh pdZ¬iu¤hrg¤¢`ZJfJZJwweudhvrºgq`f>q yOgq`ptpdi@fJZJww-`iGgjwZs¨ ¦iGdZJix©vZ>dxr½gqb[ypi@ZJw-`iGb dZ ¯ pgqdZÂbhWZÂYlgq`pgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`²iu¤¢e¡`iG`Om c 1eGyOdeubhgjfkZ>`Z>dhts§¤ p`f>bhgjiG`Lr¿»WpgjfW gjwtvZ>`Z>deuqq e `iG`Omnbhdhgq©@gEeuLbeGwh ¨ V.WZkwZJfJiG`y°fxeubZ>tviGdh°iu¤¸ypZ>©vZ>jiGpY[Z>`cbwRfJiG`whgjwhbwoiu¤tsjiG1eubhdeGf@gq`pt´euqtviGdhgqbhWpY[wx¨ ³2®@m euYlpjZJwiu¤.bhWZJwZ;eudZlbhWZ;³EeGwhbhgjf;VLdeGf@gq`ptªeuqtviGdhgqbhWpYȯ ¯ pEeGww¶eu`yÇ¢eudhEeu`ypZ>d å eu`y;bhWZpdZ>©¯gjiG whqlY[Z>`¯bhgjiG`ZJyÀ³EeGwhbhgjf¢}dhY[w»euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨V.WZYoeugq`ÀeGyO©Geu`¯beutvZ¢iu¤LbhWZJwZ Y[Z>bhWi@ypw&fJiGYl1eudZJykbi-bhWZ¸yOg Z>dZ>`¯b»¹qbZ>deuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[wypZJwf>dhgqZJy¡euiÅ©vZ5gjw.bhWZ¤neGf>b»bhW1eub bhWZ>¶fxeu`ªW1eu`yOjZ[whgqbh 1eubhgjiG`w¸¿»WZ>dZoeÂWpgqb5iswwhgqpq¦fxeu`ª Z>jiG`ptÀbiÀwZ>©vZ>deubhdeGf@wŨlV.Wpgjw YlgqtsW¯bi¯fJf> pd¤«iGdgq`whbeu`fJZ.gq`bhWZ½dZJfJiG`whbhdh f>bhgjiG`[iu¤1©vZ>dh`1eudhdix¿¶|hZ>bwx¨V.WZº¹qbZ>d2Y[Z>bhWi¯ypw eudZc¦fJiG`whbhdh f>bhgjiG`ª¿ºiGdh@gq`ptÀiG`ªwhgq`ptsjZbhdeGf¡fxeu`yOgjyeubZJwÅrÆwiobhWZ>¡EeGf¡eubbhWZpdZJwZ>`¯b wbeutvZ¡bhW Z 1Z9®Ogqpgqqgqb pdix©@gjypZJy ¯¾bhWZ¦tsjiG1eueuqtviGdhgqbhWpY[wx¨ ` bhWZªiGbhWZ>dÀW1eu`yÆrbhWZ tsjiG1eu2euqtviGdhgqbhWpY[wypiogq`¬tvZ>`Z>deu`iGb¢Z9®@WpgqpgqbbhWZ¸weuY[ZwhbeubhgjwhbhgjfxeudhgqtviG pdeGw&bhWZ¹qbZ>dwŨ ^ab5gjw¸bhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZoypZJwgqdeupjZ[bi¬fJiG`whbhdh f>b-e¤«iGdhYoeuqgjwhY¥¿»WpgjfWgjweupjZobi¬Z9®@bhdeGf>bbhWZl ZJwhb pdiG Z>dhbhgjZJwiu¤2 iGbhWÀbhWZ¹qbZ>dweu`yÀbhWZ5tsjiG1euY[Z>bhWi¯ypw¢eu`yÀfJiGYpgq`Z¸bhWZJwZs¨ ^a`ÀbhWpgjw»¿½iGdhrO¿½Z5gq`cbhdi@yO fJZe`iÅ©vZ>euqtviGdhgqbhWpY ¤«iGd»bhdeGf¹`yOgq`pt;eu`y¹bhbhgq`pt[gq`k1eudhbhgjf>jZ ypZ>bZJf>biGdw kbhWZ¡{diG1eupgqqgjwhbhgjf¦k pqbhgm¯ iGbhWZJwhgjw;VLdeGf@gq`pt {¦V£leuqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨ V.Wpgjw euqtviGdhgqbhWpY W1eGwdZJfJZ>`cbhq¸ ZJZ>`ypZ>©vZ>jiG ZJy¤ iGdbhdeGf@gq`ptY pqbhgqpjZºbeudhtvZ>bwgq`f>q pbhbZ>d ¨^bgjw 1eGwZJy[iG`[bhWZ&YoeS®OgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`;iu¤eqgqvZ>qgqWi@i@y[whbhdh f>bh pdZ&¯[eugjyoiu¤ bhWZ³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬rOeu`y gqb¹bw2bhWZ»yeubeiu¤efJiGqqgjwgjiG`[Z>©vZ>`cbbi5e¢Wc@iGbhWZJwgqÃxZJy-`c pY Z>dµiu¤bhdeGfOwx¨V.WZ&euqtviGdhgqbhWpY beuvZJwµbhWZ»¤«iGdhY3iu¤ÆwZ>©vZ>deu1gqbZ>deubZJyReu`yofJiG ppjZJy;·¸euqYoeu`o¹qbZ>dw½eu`yowhY[i@iGbhWZ>dwº¿ºiGdh@gq`pt gq`¦1eudeuqjZ>n¨5V.Wc wÅr bhWZ{¦¢V euqtviGdhgqbhWpY
(30) Z9®OWpgqpgqbw¢bhWZweuY[Z ix¿½Z>d¸iu¤tsjiG1eubhdeGf¯gq`pt eGw.bhWZ³EeGwbhgjf5}dhY[w&euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨Ä pdhbhWZ>dhY[iGdZsr ZJfxeu wZ¢bhWZ1eGf@iG`Z5iu¤bhWZ5{µ¡¢V gjw ·¸euqYoeu`[¹qbZ>dwxrvgqbgjwºeGwµwhbeubhgjwhbhgjfxeuqq-dhgqtviGdiG w½eGwbhWZ.¹qbZ>dY[Z>bhWi@ypwµypZJwf>dhgq ZJyoeu ix©vZs¨^a` iGdypZ>dºbi¸YoeuvZbhWZeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY ¿ºiGdh[Z>©vZ>`o Z>bhbZ>dxr¯¿ºZ&pdiG iswZ&wiGY[Z&Y[i@yOg¹1fxeubhgjiG`wºbi¸bhWZ iGdhgqtsgq`1eu¯¤«iGdhY pEeubhgjiG`liu¤pbhWZµ{¦V5¨`Zµiu¤bhWZJwZgjwe&tvZ>`Z>deuqgqÃÅeubhgjiG`liu¤bhWZºeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY bi gq`f>q ypZeypZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbhgjfeu`p`Zxeuqgq`ptwfWZ>Y[Zsr@eu`yl¿ºZ.¿»gqq1wWix¿°bhW1eubbhWpgjwtsgq©vZJwwhgqts`pg¹1fxeu`cb gqYlpdiÅ©vZ>Y[Z>`cbwgq`¬bhWZeGfJf> pdeGf>¬iu¤2bhWZZJwhbhgqYoeubZJwiu¤2bhWZ¸bhdeGfR1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwx¨ gqbhW¬bhWZJwZ Y[i@yOg¹1fxeubhgjiG`wxrbhWZR{¦¢V3gjwgq`´bhWZRwhgq`ptsjZ9mnbhdeGf±fxeGwZReu`yÇ p`ypZ>d-bhWZÀeGwwh pYlpbhgjiG` iu¤ ¸eu wwhgEeu`ª`iGgjwZ[Z ¯ pgq©seujZ>`cbbi¬bhWZ[Ë&}¢Ä½¨V.WZ[{¦V fxeu`bhWZ>dZ9¤ iGdZoeujwiÀZ-dZ>tceudypZJy eGweY pqbhgmnbhdeGfktvZ>`Z>deuqgqÃÅeubhgjiG`¡iu¤2bhWZ¸Ë&}¢Ä½¨ V.WZ.1eu Z>dgjwiGdhtceu`pgqÃxZJyogq`lbhWZ½¤ iGqjiÅ¿»gq`pt¸¿½exv¨^`oÊ@ZJf>bhgjiG`;¢¿½Z»dZ>©@gjZ>¿°bhWZ.1eGwhgjf.pdiG Z>d'm bhgjZJwiu¤bhWZ¸{¦¢V euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨ Zgq`cbhdi@yO fJZ¸bhWZY[i@yOg¹1fxeubhgjiG`weu`yRtvZ>`Z>deuqgqÃÅeubhgjiG`wiu¤ bhWZ»euqtviGdhgqbhWpY gq`;Ê@ZJf>bhgjiG`o\O¨2^a`lÊ@ZJf>bhgjiG`¢¿½Z.pdhgq`pt5dZJwh pqbw2¤ diGYZ9®@ Z>dhgqY[Z>`cbw Z>d'¤«iGdhY[ZJy iG`ÀwhgqY pEeubZJy¬yeube¤ diGY bhWZ5}V»É}ÊÂ^a`p`Z>d»Ë¢Z>bZJf>biGd&V»~2V5¨pV.WZ1eu Z>d.gjw»fJiG`f>q ypZJyÀgq` Ê@ZJf>bhgjiG` ¢¿»gqbhWoewh pYlYoeudhliu¤bhWZ.Yoeugq`[dZJwh pqbwºeu`y[e¢pdhgjZ9¤ iG pbhji@iGbi5¤P pbh pdZ.dZJwZxeudfWL¨. %. ÜXWpöZYJñ9ñ.
(31)
(32) (C
(33) P
(34) Z
(35) ¸ ). %& ,%&,; %¡($ "! #. ËZ>beugqjZJy[ypZJwf>dhgqpbhgjiG`wµiu¤LeuqeGwh ZJf>bwiu¤bhWZ»{µ¡¢V²euqtviGdhgqbhWpY Z9®Ogjwhbgq`[bhWZ»qgqbZ>deubh pdZ¨ ViiG pdº¯`iÅ¿»jZJyOtvZsr@Wix¿ºZ>©vZ>dxrObhWZeuppqgjfxeubhgjiG`Àiu¤ÆbhWZ¢euqtviGdhgqbhWpY bi¸bhdeGf¯gq`pt-pdiGpjZ>Y[w½gq` WpgqtsWOmZ>`Z>dhtspWcOwhgjfJwypZ>bZJf>biGdw2gjw`iÅ©vZ>nrceu`y¿½ZµbhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZ»eGwwh pY[ZµqgqbhbhjZºiGd`i@`ix¿»jZJyOtvZ iu¤gqbº¯obhWZ¢dZxeGypZ>dw»iu¤bhWpgjw½1euZ>dx¨V.WZ>dZ9¤«iGdZ¢¿ºZ¿»gqqWZ>dZ>gq`Àtsgq©vZ5e¸dZ>©@gjZ>¿ iu¤bhWZ1eGwgjf ¤«Zxeubh pdZJw&iu¤2bhWZeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨ V.WZwfJZ>`1eudhgji[gjw¢e-tsgq©vZ>`¡fJiGqjZJf>bhgjiG`¦iu¤2Y[ZxeGw pdZ>Y[Z>`cbw¤PdiGYe-1eudhbhgjf>jZypZ>bZJf>biGdxreu`y¬¿½Z ¿.eu`cb;biª¹ b bhdeGfOw[bibhWZJwZÀY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bwÂgq`¾eu`²iGpbhgqYoeuYoeu`p`Z>dx¨ V.WZ¡iG pbhp pb iu¤5bhWZkeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY gjwlbhWZ¡ZJwhbhgqYoeubZJy²whbeubZ¬©vZJf>biGdw;iu¤5bhWZÀbhdeGf@wx¨ V.WZÀ`¯ pY Z> d iu¤ bhdeGf@w¸W1eGwbiRZ-W¯¯ iGbhWZJwhgqÃxZJy¶ Z9¤ iGdZ>W1eu`yÆreGw¿ºZ>qºeGwbhWZ-gq`pgqbhgEeu©seuq ZJw¸iu¤½bhWZ-bhdeGf 1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwŨÀ}3pEeu wgqpjZo¿.eJ§iu¤&beGf@qgq`ptkbhWZopdiGpjZ>YÈgq`ÇpdeGf>bhgjfJZo¿½iG pjy Zlbi¬¹dwhb euppq´wiGY[ZR@gq`y´iu¤¢WZ> pdhgjwhbhgjfR1eubhbZ>dh`°dZJfJiGts`pgqbhgjiG`°pdi@fJZJyO pdZsrµ¤ iGd-gq`whbeu`fJZ¬e¦¢iG ptsW bhdeu`wh¤ iGdhY¬rÆbiÀypZ9¹`Z-dZ>tsgjiG`wiu¤ºgq`cbZ>dZJwb¸gq`¶bhWZlypZ>bZJf>biGdeu`y¶tsgq©vZ-gq`pgqbhgEeuZJwhbhgqYoeubZJw¸iu¤ bhWZ¢bhdeGf;1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwx¨µË¢Z> Z>`yOgq`ptliG`ÀbhWZfJiGYlpjZ9®@gqbaÂiu¤bhWZ¢pdiGpjZ>Y¬¨µgn¨ëZs¨2bhWZ¢ypZ>`wgqb iu¤Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bw¸eu`y¬bhdeGf@wxrbhWZ{µ¡¢V*euqtviGdhgqbhWpY0fxeu`kbhWZ>`¦Z¸ wZJykZ>gqbhWZ>diG`¡ZxeGfW bhdeGffxeu`yOgjyeubZ&gq`ypZ>Z>`ypZ>`¯bhq[iGdiG`[wZ>©vZ>deup`Z>gqtsWc iG pdhgq`ptfxeu`yOgjyeubZJwºwhgqY pqbeu`ZJiG whqv¨ ^¤iG`ZfWi@iswZJw&bilbhdZxeubZxeGfWkbhdeGfÀfxeu`yOgjyeubZ¸gq`ypZ> Z>`ypZ>`cbhqvrbhWZeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY gjw» wZJyÀbi yOgjwfJZ>dh`[bhWZ&bhdh ZbhdeGfl iGgq`cbw¤ diGY `iGgjwZWpgqbwxrvWpgqbw¤PdiGY3iGbhWZ>dµbhdeGfOw.eu`yliswwhgqpq[eujwi YlgqdhdiGdWpgqbwxr2g¤&bhWZ;WpgqbwleudhgjwZ[¤ diGY/e¡ypZ>bZJf>biGd-¿»gqbhW±euYpgqts iG w-Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbwŨªV.Wpgjw fxeGwZ.gjwbhWZ&iG`Z»bi Z»fJiG`whgjypZ>dZJy[gq`lbhWZwhgqY pEeubhgjiG`ÂZ9®@ Z>dhgqY[Z>`cbwºiu¤bhWpgjw¿½iGdh¨^¤wZ>©vZ>deu bhdeGf;fxeu`yOgjyeubZJweudZbeuvZ>`Àgq`cbileGfJfJiG p`¯beub½bhWZweuY[Z¢bhgqY[Zsr@bhWZ5euqtviGdhgqbhWpYÁgjw½ wZJyÀeujwi bilypZJf>gjypZ¿»WpgjfW¬bhdeGfRbhWZ5Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbweudZeGwwgqts`ZJyRbip¨ V.WZ{¦V euqtviGdhgqbhWpY3gjw½ypZ>dhgq©vZJyo¯-¹dwhbºfJiG`wbhdh f>bhgq`pt-e¸pdiG1eupgqqgjwhbhgjfqgqvZ>qgqWi@i@yl¤ p`f9m bhgjiG`L¨ºV.Wpgjw»qgqvZ>qgqWi@i¯ykgjwe¤P p`f>bhgjiG`¦iu¤bhWZ¸Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb w
(36) ¸gq`¬bhWZfJiGqqgjwhgjiG`kZ>©vZ>`cb eu`y bhWZ¦whbeubZ¦©vZJf>biGd w
(37) v¨Z>d Z ¶ypZ>`iGbZJwRY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`c b R "!"!"!#%$&G£ gq`±EexvZ> d '¾( ')*"!"!"!#%+§£9rºeu`, y ÁdZ>pdZJwZ>`cbw[bhWZÀwhbeubZ©vZJf>biGd[iu¤bhdeGf, - -. "!"!"!/0 £gq`ªEexvZ>1 d '¨ Z[eGwwh pY[Z-bhW1eub5bhWZlypZ>bZJf>biGdfxeu`ª ZdZ>pdZJwZ>`cbZJy´eGw¸eRfJiGqjZJf9m bhgjiG`¦iu¤µwhWZ>qjw¢iGdEexvZ>dweu`ykbhW1eubeuqY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbwbhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZfJiGY[Z¸¤ diGY bhWZJwZEeJvZ>dwŨ V.WZ¸qgqvZ>qgqWi¯i@yÀgjweujwioe¤ p`f>bhgjiG`kiu¤bhWZ C
(38) X & 2C
(39) 3'4 5;( ' 678"!"!"!#0 £ eGwwi¯f>gEeubZJy¬¿»gqbhWkbhWZ¸Y[ZxeGw pdZ>Y[Z>`cbwx¨&Ä1iGdgq`whbeu`fJZs9r '4 :- Y[Zxeu`wbhW1eubY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb 5gjw&eGwwhgqts`ZJyRbi-bhdeGf -ª¨^b.gjw»iG`Z5iu¤2bhWZ5f>dh f>gEeu ¤ Zxeubh pdZJwiu¤bhWZ5{¦V euqtviGdhgqbhWpY bhW1eubµbhWZJwZeGwwgqts`pY[Z>`cbµ©seudhgEeupjZJwºeudZ&Y[i¯ypZ>qjZJyÂeGwµwhbi@fW1eGwhbhgjf©GeudhgEeupjZJw½eu`ylbhW1eubµbhWZ&1eSm deuY[Z>bZ>dwypZJwf>dhgqpgq`ptRbhWZ>gqdyOgjwhbhdhgqp pbhgjiG`wwhWiG pjy¦Z>gqbhWZ>d¢ ZZJwbhgqYoeubZJy¡¯ÀbhWZeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY iGd» Z5tsgq©vZ>`¬gq`¬wiGY[Z¸iGbhWZ>d&¿½exv¨µV.WZ¸{µ¡¢V euqtviGdhgqbhWpY dZ ¯ pgqdZJw&bhW¯ w&¯ÂfJiG`whbhdh f>bhgjiG` `< i ;W1eud>y =Y[ZxeGw pdZ>Y[Z>`cb'mnbiumnbhdeGfeGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cbwx¨5^abwWiG pjy¡ Z`iGbZJy¡bhW1eub¿»gqbhW¶dZJwh ZJf>b bi[bhWpgjw.¤ Zxeubh pdZsr1bhWZ¸{¦V yOg Z>dw&¤PdiGYÁbhWZiGdhgqtsgq`1euƤ iGdhY pEeubhgjiG`¦iu¤2bhWZ¸³EeGwbhgjf}dhY[w euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨´^a`ÇbhWZR³EeGwhbhgjfÀ}dhY[w[euqtviGdhgqbhWpY bhWZÀeGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`¯b[©GeudhgEeupjZJw[eudZRwhbi@fW1eGwbhgjf Pø. $ $&.
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44) "!$#&%' (
(45) ). . Ge wjiG`pt¦eGwbhWZ;bZ>YlZ>deubh pdZ;gjwyOgÆZ>dZ>`cb¤ diGY¥ÃxZ>diprp pbbhWZÂeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY/gjw¸¤«iGdhY pEeubZJy gq`§w fWÇeR¿.eJ¶bhW1eub¸bhWZÂqgqYlgqb-euq¿½ex@wwhWiG pjyª Z-beuvZ>`§gq`§bhWZ[Z>`yƨ[V.WZ[bZ>Y-m Z>deubh pdZlgjwgq`¯bhdi¯yO fJZJyY[Z>dZ>qªeGweÂbi¯iGbi¬ex©viGgjy§Z>`yOgq`pt¬ p§gq`eÂji@fxeuZ9®@bhdZ>Y pYÈiu¤ bhWZZ>`Z>dhts;¤ p`f>bhgjiG`¡yO pdhgq`pt;bhWZ¸wZxeudfW¬¤«iGd&bhWZ5tsjiG1euYlgq`pgqY pY¬¨.^b&W1eGw&dZJfJZ>`cbhq¬ ZJZ>` wWix¿»` rcWiÅ¿ºZ>©vZ>dxr@bhW1eubºbhWZY[iswhb½eGfJf> pdeubZ¢ZJwhbhgqYoeubZJwº¤«iGdµbhWZ³EeGwhbhgjf}dhY[wºeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY eudZ&`iGb¤«iG p`ylgq`[bhWZ&qgqYlgqbOr¯p pbdeubhWZ>d½eubºe5bZ>YlZ>deubh pdZ¿»WpgjfW;gjwdZ>EeubZJy[bi¸bhWZ ©seudhgEeu`fJZiu¤µbhWZY[ZxeGw pdZ>Y[Z>`cb¸Z>dhdiGdx¨V.Wpgjw¢gq`yOgjfxeubZJwbhW1eubeu`ªeuppdiveGfWª1eGwZJy¦iG`¦W1eudy eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cbwgjw&wh p iGpbhgqYoeun¨ V.WZ;fJiG`whbhdh f>bhgjiG`±iu¤.bhWZoqgqvZ>qgqWi¯i@yª¤ p`f>bhgjiG`gjw1eGwZJyiG`´eÀ`c pYZ>d-iu¤»gq`ypZ>Z>`ypZ>`fJZ eGwwh pYlpbhgjiG`wx¨¬Ägqdwhbhqvr2bhWZoY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbw[eudZReGwwh pY[ZJygq`ypZ>Z>`ypZ>`¯bxrfJiG`yOgqbhgjiG`ZJy±iG` bhWZwhbeubZ©vZJf>biGdw½eu`y;bhWZeGwwgqts`pY[Z>`cb.©GeudhgEeupjZJwŨÊ@ZJfJiG`yOqvrObhWZwhbeubZ&©vZJf>biGdw½gq`;EeJvZ>d ' eudZ¢eGwwh pY[ZJylgq`ypZ> Z>`ypZ>`cbxrpfJiG`yOgqbhgjiG`ZJyÂiG`obhWZwhbeubZ»©vZJf>biGdwºgq`oEexvZ>d ' v¨Ägq`1euqqvrOeuq eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb©GeudhgEeupjZJweudZºeGwwh pY[ZJy5gq`ypZ> Z>`ypZ>`cbx¨2V.WpgjwLtsgq©vZJwbhWZ2¤ p`yeuY[Z>`cbeucqgqvZ>qgqWi@i@y wbhdh f>bh pdZ¸iu¤bhWZ{¡¢V .
(46) "! $#& % (') *
(47) *$- $. 0/ * 21 *+, 'Å£ 35 476 <;
(48) - = - ?> # ! 98 : 6A@ ¢Z>dZ
(49) B! 1gjwLbhWZ "C
(50) (
(51) pdiG1eupgqqgqba¸ypZ>`whgqb¢¤ p`f>bhgjiG`iu¤OwbeubZ2©vZJf>biGdED r *
(52) *$- $. 0/ * gjwbhWZ pdiG1eupgqqgqb¡ypZ>`wgqbÀ¤ p`f>bhgjiG`¦iu¤µwbeubZ©vZJf>biGdGFgq`¡EexvZ>7d 'r fJiG`yOgqbhgjiG` ZJy¶iG`¶whbeubZ ©vZJf>biGdHFogq`§EeJvZ>d<'I vr/$&;gjw¸bhWZ[`c pY Z>d-iu¤. iGgq`cbwgq`§EexvZ>d 'r J
(53) '4 -K gjwbhWZ5pdhgjiGdpdiG1eupgqqgqba¬bhW1eub¢e[Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb¢gq`¬EexvZ>7d 'RiGdhgqtsgq`1eubZJw: ¤ diGY bhdeGf -ªreu`y ;
(54) =gjw5bhWZlpdiG1eupgqqgqba§ypZ>`whgqb¦¤ p`f>bhgjiG`Çiu¤.Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb 6¯rfJiG`yOgqbhgjiG`ZJy iG` whbeubZ¡- ©vZJf>biG d ¨V.WZ c 1eu`¯bhgqbhgjZJwL r eu`yM ypZ>`iGbZ¦bhWZ¦fJiGqjZJf>bhgjiG` iu¤-euq Y[ZxeGw pdZ>Y[Z>`cbwxrwbeubZ©vZJf>biGdw&eu`y¬eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb»©seudhgEeupjZJwxr@dZJwh ZJf>bhgq©vZ>qv¨V.WZ¢pdhgjiGd»pdiGOm eupgqqgqbhgjZJw=N fxeu`¦ ZZJwhbhgqYoeubZJy¡ckbhWZeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬r p pbiGbhWZ>deGwwh pYlpbhgjiG`w5eudZ eujwi-iswwgqpjZs¨ : `Z iswwhgqpjZ&¿.eJ[bipdi¯fJZJZJy;¿ºiG pjyÂ`iÅ¿¾ Z&bifxeujf> pEeubZbhWZ iswhbZ>dhgjiGdµpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJw»iu¤ bhWZºwhbeubZº©vZJf>biGdw2eu`ybhWZºeGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb2©seudhgEeupjZJwxrutsgq©vZ>`bhWZ½yeubeOrveu`y¸¹`ybhWZµYoeS®OgqY pY iu¤LbhWpgjwº¤ p`f>bhgjiG`R¿»gqbhW;dZJwh ZJf>b½bibhWZ¢whbeubZ©vZJf>biGdw.eu`y;bhWZ5eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`¯b½©seudhgEeupjZJwx¨µÊ¯ fW eu` euppdiveGfW ¿ºiG pjy @gjZ>jy bhWZ BPXO
(55) QC (C
(56) (
(57) ZJwhbhgqYoeubZªiu¤bhWZJw Z ¯ 1eu`cbhgqbhgjZJwŨ ¢ix¿½Z>©vZ>dxrObhWpgjw½¿ºiG pjyÂdZ c pgqdZefJiGYlpjZ>bZ¢Z>`¯ pY[Z>deubhgjiG`¬iu¤euqiswwgqpjZfJiG`O¹ts pdeubhgjiG`w&iu¤ bhWZ¸eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb&©seudhgEeupjZJweu`yRgjw.bhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZ¸fJiGYlp pbeubhgjiG`1euqqÀ p`O¤«ZxeGwhgqpjZs¨V.WZ¸euppdiveGfW iu¤bhWZ{¦¢V¾gjw½bifJiG`whgjypZ>d.bhWZ5eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb»©seudhgEeupjZJw»eGw
(58)
(59) B3X eu`yRiGpbeugq`RbhWZ ZJwbhgqYoeubZJweGwbhWZoYoeS®OgqY pY iu¤&bhWZ[Yoeudhtsgq`1eu.pdiG1eupgqqgqbaÇypZ>`whgqba¶¤P p`f>bhgjiG`R S
(60) T
(61) . %. ÜXWpöZYJñ9ñ.
(62)
(63) (C
(64) P
(65) Z
(66) . ¿»gqbhW dZJwZJf>bÀbi±bhWZªwhbeubZ¶©vZJf>biGdw¡eu`y iswwhgqpq²bhWZ¶pdhgjiGdÀpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJwx¨ÁV.Wpgjwkfxeu` Z ÆZJf>bhgq©vZ>q[ ZypiG`Z¢¯;eugjyRiu¤bhWZ³µ¥euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨µ^a`[¤neGf>bxr@bhWZ¢fJiG`¯©vZ>dhtvZ>`fJZbhWZJiGdZ>Y$c ËZ>YlwhbZ>d½Z>bºeun¨ ts 1eudeu`cbZJZJw½bhW1eubgq`obhWpgjwºfxeGwZ»¿½Z&¿»gqqp¹`yÂeubjZxeGwhb½e5ji¯fxeuYoeS®OgqY pY iu¤2bhWZ5Yoeudhtsgq`1euLpdiG1eupgqqgqba¬ypZ>`whgqb¤ p`f>bhgjiG`L¨µ^ab&fxeu`¬ Z`iGbZJyÀbhW1eub&bhWZ5ZJwhbhgqYoeubZJw¢eudZ ¤«iG p`y¦¿»gqbhWiG pb5¯`iÅ¿»jZJyOtvZliu¤µbhWZpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJw¸iu¤.eu`¯k1eudhbhgjf> pEeud¸fJiG`O¹ts pdeubhgjiG`iu¤ºbhWZ eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb5©seudhgEeupjZJwx¨¸V.WZ-Z ÆZJf>b¸iu¤µbhWZJwZ-yOg Z>dZ>`¯b¸fJiG`O¹ts pdeubhgjiG`w¸gjw5eGfJf> pY pEeubZJygq` bhWZYoeudhtsgq`1eun¨V.Wpgjw5eGwh ZJf>biu¤bhWZ{¡¢V gjw©vZ>dh¬whgqYlgqEeud¢bi[bhWZYoeudhtsgq`1euqgqÃÅeubhgjiG`ªbhW1eub gjw»¤ iG p`yRgq`¬bhWZ5³EeGwhbhgjf}dhY[weuqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨ V.WZ;³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY fJiG`whgjwhbwiu¤eu`´Z9®@ ZJf>beubhgjiG`1eudhbleu`yÇeRYoeS®OgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`´1eudhbx¨ÀV.WZ Z9®O ZJf>beubhgjiG`¬gjw&ypiG`Z5¯ÂypZ9¹`pgq`ptRe¤P p`f>bhgjiG`
(67) 2 ?N - ?N+ S
(68) ?N 3
(69) - ? N +% «v£
(70) ¿»WZ>dZbhWZ¢wh pY3gjw½ix©vZ>d&euq fJiG`O¹ts pdeubhgjiG`w»iu¤LbhWZ¢eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb.©seudhgEeupjZJwx¨ ZW1ex©vZ¢WZ>dZ>gq` gq`f>q ypZJy-bhWZ.ypZ> Z>`ypZ>`fJZ.iG`bhWZ½pdhgjiGd2pdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJwZ9®Opqgjf>gqbZ>qgq`bhWZ.Z9®@pdZJwwhgjiG`wx¨V.WZ pdhgqY[ZJ y ¯ 1eu`cbhgqbhgjZJw&eudZ¢wh ppiswZJyobiZ&¹p®OZJyÂyO pdhgq`ptliG`Z³µ whbZ>Lr@¿»WpgqjZbhWZ¢iGbhWZ>dw»eudZ ©seudhgEeupjZs¨2V.WZ.Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbw eudZ»iu¤ fJiG pdwZ½¹p®pZJy[eu`y©@gjZ>¿ºZJy;eGwfJiG`whbeu`cb ¯ 1eu`cbhgqbhgjZJw gq`§euqiG Z>deubhgjiG`wx¨V.WZpdiG1eupgqqgqbaªypZ>`whgqb¶iu¤ºbhWZ[eGwwgqts`pY[Z>`cb5©seudhgEeupjZJw5tsgq©vZ>`euq2bhWZ iGbhWZ>d c 1eu`¯bhgqbhgjZJwfxeu`¬ Z5whWix¿»`kbilZ. ¿»gqbhW.
(71) - ?N( % . . * . . 476 $* - * ? > 6. «\v£. * ; *
(72) - * ! ;
(73) - = : <. ¯£. V.WZ ¯ 1eu`cbhgqba * gjwbiÂZgq`¯bZ>dhpdZ>bZJyeG: wbhWZ-pdiG1eupgqqgqb¶bhW1eubY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb1 ) [gjw eGwwhgqts`ZJy¶biRbhdeG f FvrfJiG`yOgqbhgjiG`ZJy§iG`ªbhWZlwhbeubZ-©vZJf>biGdwG eu`y¶bhWZlfJiGqjZJf>bhgjiG`Çiu¤½Y[ZxeSm w pdZ>Y[Z>`cbwG ¨½Ë¢ Zbi[bhWZ¸gq`ypZ> Z>`ypZ>`fJZ-eGwwh pYlpbhgjiG`wwhbeubZJykZxeudhqgjZ>dbhWpgjwpdiG1eupgqqgqba ypi@ZJw»`iGb&ypZ> Z>`y¬iG`¬bhWZ5ji@fxeubhgjiG`w&iu¤eu`cÀiGbhWZ>d&Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bwgq`kbhWZ5weuY[Z5EeJvZ>dx¨ ½¢¿»dhgqbhgq`pt¢iG pbbhWZpdiG1eupgqqgqb¸ypZ>`wgqb¤ p`f>bhgjiG`wZ9®Opqgjf>gqbZ>q5iG`Zµfxeu`iGpbeugq`-eu`eu`1euq@bhgjf Z9®OpdZJwwhgjiG`¬iu¤2bhWZ ¤P p`f>bhgjiG`kiu¤³ ¯ 1eubhgjiG`Ç«v£9¨^ab&fxeu`¬ Z¿»dhgqbhbZ>` % / / . v£. Pø. $ $&.
(74)
(75)
(76)
(77)
(78) "!$#&%' (
(79) ). . ¿»gqbhW . 7 / . 476 . /.
(80) "! .
(81) 4 6.
(82) : %. . £. .
(83) .
(84) - $ . 0 / . ;
(85) - 0 #. 0. ns£.
(86) ¿»WZ>dZbhWZpdhgqY[ZJwiG`ÀbhWZ¸eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cbpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJwypZ>`iGbZbhW1eub&bhWZ>ReudZ¸e¤P p`f>bhgjiG`¬iu¤ eu`yLN'¨ V.WZwZJfJiG`y¬1eudhb¢iu¤bhWZ³ whbZ>kgjw&bi[YoeS®OgqYlgqÃxZbhWpgjw ¤P p`f>bhgjiG`¡¿»gqbhWkdZJwh ZJf>bbi[bhWZ 1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwSN eu`yÇbhWZRwhbeubZ;©vZJf>biGdwH*reu`y´yO ZÂbikbhWZÂwhbhdh f>bh pdZRiu¤³ ¯ 1eubhgjiG` v£ ¿½Z5wZJZbhW1eub»bhWZYoeS®OgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`¬pdiGpjZ>YÁdZJyO fJZJw»bigq`ypZ> Z>`ypZ>`cb&YoeS®OgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`wiu¤bhWZ ëw;eu`y²bhWZ ëwxr½dZJwh ZJf>bhgq©vZ>qv¨ ÄiGd / bhWpgjw;beGwh fxeu`² Z¬wiGq©vZJy°¯²eugjy²iu¤ Éeuts/ deu`ptsgEeu`kY pqbhgqpqgjZ>/ dwÅreu`yÀbhWZ5dZJw pqb»gjw &$ 4 6 0 ! :. v£. V.WZlweuY[Z-beGwhk¤«iGd gjw5Y[iGdZ[fJiGYlpqgjfxeubZJyƨ[¢ix¿½Z>©vZ>dxrbhWZ¤«iGqjix¿»gq`pt¬dZ>EeubhgjiG`Çfxeu` ZdZ>Eeubhgq©vZ>qÀwhbhdeugqtsWcb'¤«iGdh/ ¿½eudyOq¡ypZ>dhgq©vZJyR¤PdiGY ³ c 1eubhgjiG`´ns£
(87) / . ¿»gqbhW .
(88) 2C.
(89) ! %
(90) - $. 0/ =
(91) 0 1 . «v£. Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbweu`yÀfJix©seudhgEeu`fJZ¸YoeubhdhgjfJZJw¢ypZ9¹`ZJyÀ¯ 0 0. . . 74 6 ! 4 6 . . 4 6 . 'xv£ 'sÅ£. ¸Z W1eJ©vZ¸`iÅ¿ YoeGypZ5bhWZeGwwh pYlpbhgjiG`kbhW1eubbhWZ¸Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bpdiG1eupgqqgqba¬ypZ>`whgqb¤ p`f9m bhgjiG` gjw 5eu wwhgEeu`
(92) (-dZ>pdZJwZ>`¯bw¬e 5eu wwhgEeu`¾¿»gqbhW Y[Zxeu` ©vZJf>biGd! eu`y fJium ©seudhgEeu`fJZlYoeubhdhg" ® ¨[^¤½¿½Z-¤ pdhbhWZ>deGwwh pY[Z-bhW1eubbhWZlbhdeGfªY[i@ypZ>pdiG1eupgqqgqb§ypZ>`wgqb. %. ÜXWpöZYJñ9ñ.
(93) x.
(94) (C
(95) P
(96) Z
(97) . ¤ p`f>bhgjiG` eujwi;gjw 5eu wwgEeu`Lr³ ¯ 1eubhgjiG`°«v£&fxeu`¡ZwZJZ>`¦bi[ Z¸bhWZpdiG1eupgqqgqb¡ypZ>`wgqb ¤ p`f>bhgjiG`¡iu ¤µeowhbeu`yeudyk·¸euqYoeu`¡¹qbZ>dx¨»V.WZiG`pq¬yOgÆZ>dZ>`fJZgjwbhW1eubbhWZY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbw eu`y¡bhWZfJiÅ©GeudhgEeu`fJZYoeubhdhgjfJZJw5eudZdZ>pEeGfJZJyk¯¬bhWZZ ÆZJf>bhgq©vZY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbw¸eu`ykbhWZZ9¤Pm ¤«ZJf>bhgq©vZ&fJiÅ©GeudhgEeu`fJZ»YoeubhdhgjfJZJw½ypZ9¹`ZJyoeu ix©vZs¨V.WZ>dZ9¤«iGdZsrvbhWZ&iG pbhp pbºiu¤bhWZ&·¸euqYoeu`[¹qbZ>d eu`ykwhY[i¯iGbhWZ>d»gjwZ9®peGf>bhqRbhWZ¸whbeubZ©vZJf>biGdwYoeS®@gqYlgqÃJgq`pt³ ¯ 1eubhgjiG`Ç«v£9¨V.WpgjwfJiGYlpjZ>bZJw bhWZYoeS®OgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`k1eudhbiu¤bhWZ¸³µÈwhbZ>L¨ V.WZ{¡¢V euqtviGdhgqbhWpY ¿»gqqbhWZ>`¬Z¸eGw»¤ iGqjiÅ¿&w s¨^`pgqbhgEeuqgqÃxZ¸wbeubZ©vZJf>biGdweu`yÀpdhgjiGd&pdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJwŨ O¨~Z> Zxeub» p`cbhgqfJiG`¯©vZ>dhtvZ>`fJZ «ev £ yeubZbhWZeGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`¯b»pdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJweGfJfJiGdyOgq`pt-bi³ c 1eubhgjiG`§ ¯£9r@ whgq`ptbhWZ pdhgjiGdpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJweu`yÀbhWZ¸wbeubZ©vZJf>biGdw»¤ diGY bhWZpdZ>©¯gjiG wgqbZ>deubhgjiG`L¨ P £ yeubZkbhWZ¦pdhgjiGdRpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJwxrbhWZ¦Z ÆZJf>bhgq©vZ¦Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbw¡eu`y¾bhWZ¶Z9¤Pm ¤«ZJf>bhgq©vZÀfJix©seudhgEeu`fJZ¬YoeubhdhgjfJZJwÂeGfJfJiGdyOgq`ptbi§³ c 1eubhgjiG`w¦ v£9r'xv£leu`y*'sÅ£9r dZJwZJf>bhgq©vZ>qvrp wgq`ptlbhWZ5 pyeubZJy¡eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cbpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJwx¨ fÅ £ yeubZbhWZ½whbeubZ©vZJf>biGdwc5dh p`p`pgq`pt ·¸euqYoeu`¹qbZ>dweu`ywhY[i@iGbhWZ>dw¿»gqbhW bhWZ p yeubZJy§Z ÆZJf>bhgq©vZ-Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbweu`yªZ ZJf>bhgq©vZlfJiÅ©GeudhgEeu`fJZlYoeubhdhgjfJZJweGw gq`pp pbx¨ \O¨¢Ê¯biGdZ¸whbeubZ©vZJf>biGdwx¨ ^a`§wh pYlYoeudhvrbhWZ[{¦V gjweRtsjiG1euµbhdeGf¯gq`pt¶euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¥¿»WpgjfWgq`§bhWZ[fxeGwZliu¤ ¸eu w'm wgEeu`kY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bZ>dhdiGdweu`y¡pdi¯fJZJww`iGgjwZ¿ºiGdhOw¯ÀgqbZ>deubhgq©vZ>q¬dh p`p`pgq`p t fJiG ppjZJy ·¸euqYoeu`ǹqbZ>dw-eu`ywhY[i@iGbhWZ>dwgq`Ç1eudeuqjZ>n¨À^`f>q wgjiG`Çiu¤&pdi@fJZJww¸`iGgjwZogjwwhbhdeugqtsW¯b'¤ iGd'm ¿.eudyOqÇypiG`Z;gq`ÇbhWZRweuY[Z;¿½ex´eGw¤«iGdbhWZRwhbeu`yeudy´·¸euqYoeu`±¹qbZ>dx¨¦^a`bhWZ 5eu wwhgEeu` fxeGwZobhWZReuqtviGdhgqbhWpY ypi¯ZJw`iGb-dZ c pgqdZ;bhWZÂiGpbhgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`°iu¤¢e¬`iG`Om ¯ 1eGyOdeubhgjfÀiGO|hZJf>bhgq©vZ ¤ p`f>bhgjiG`L¨±iÅ¿ºZ>©vZ>dxrºbhWZ¤ iGdhYoeuqgjwY gjwl`iGb-dZJwhbhdhgjf>bZJy bi 5eu wwgEeu`´`iGgjwZÀiG`pqv¨´ÄdiGY ³ c 1eubhgjiG` ns£gqbfxeu`Ç Z[wZJZ>`ÇbhW1eub-eu`¯ªpdiG1eupgqqgqbÇypZ>`wgqbª¤ p`f>bhgjiG`Çiu¤&pdi@fJZJww¸`iGgjwZ eu`yoY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb»`iGgjwZfxeu`ÂZbeuvZ>`ogq`cbileGfJfJiG p`¯bx¨^`;tvZ>`Z>deunr@gq`;iGdypZ>d½biiGpbeugq`ÂbhWZ wbeubZ5ZJwhbhgqYoeubZJwiG`Z5¿»gqqbhWZ>`kW1eJ©vZ¸bioeuppqR`c pY[Z>dhgjfxeuiGpbhgqYlgqÃÅeubhgjiG`¦bZJfWp`pg ¯ ZJwx¨ºV.WZ fJiGYlp pbeubhgjiG`1eufJiswhb&¿»gqqLiu¤fJiG pdwZ5 ZEeudhtvZ>d&gq`ÀbhWZ5tvZ>`Z>deufxeGwZ5bhW1eu`¬gq`ÀbhWZ5eu wwhgEeu` fxeGwZs¨. Pø. $ $&.
(98)
(99)
(100)
(101)
(102) "!$#&%' (
(103) ). & . % %( " !$# &%& ' (
(104) ( . s È . V.WZ;³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY gjw¸gq`ypZJZJy±eÀ©vZ>dhª ix¿½Z>d'¤P p½bi¯iGºbikiGpbeugq`´tvi¯i@y§ZJwhbhgqYoeubZJwgq`´whgqb'm 1eubhgjiG`w¸¿»WZ>dZ-bhWZlyeubeRgjwgq`fJiGYlpjZ>bZs¨l^`ªiG pd¸fxeGwZ-bhWZ[eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cb¸©seudhgEeupjZJw¸fxeu`ª Z ©@gjZ>¿ºZJyÇeGwbhWZlYlgjwwhgq`pt¬yeubeOrgn¨ëZs¨-¿ºZlypiÀ`iGb5W1ex©vZlbhWZlgq`O¤«iGdhYoeubhgjiG`ÇeuiG pb5bhWZofJiGdhdZJf>b Wpgqb'mnbiumnbhdeGf¬eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`cbwŨ Z>©vZ>dhbhWZ>jZJwwxrOgqb.gjw.¯`iÅ¿»`ÀbhW1eub»bhWZ5whbeu`yeudyÀ³ÈeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY W1eGwwiGY[Z[ p`¯¿½eu`¯bZJy±pdiGZ>dhbhgjZJwx¨ `Z;iu¤»bhWZJwZ[gjwbhWZl¤neGf>bbhW1eubbhWZ;³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY/gjw ts 1eudeu`¯bZJZJy¶biRfJiG`c©vZ>dhtvZliG`pqkbiÀeoji¯fxeu2YoeS®OgqY pY
(105) iu¤µbhWZqgqvZ>qgqWi@i¯yk¤ p`f>bhgjiG`L¨¸^n¤ºbhWpgjw ¤ p`f>bhgjiG`W1eGwYoeu`cZxeuOwxrSbhWZ Z>d'¤ iGdhYoeu`fJZ½iu¤pbhWZºeuqtviGdhgqbhWpY ¿»gqqc ZJfJiGY[Z©vZ>dh¸wZ>`wgqbhgq©vZ biobhWZ5gq`pgqbhgEeuqgqÃÅeubhgjiG`¶pdi¯fJZJyO pdZs¨»^a`¡iGbhWZ>d¿ºiGdypwxrbhWZwbeudhbhgq`pto©seuq ZJwiu¤bhWZ ¯ 1eu`cbhgqbhgjZJw bi- Z¸ZJwhbhgqYoeubZJy¬W1eJ©vZ5bil Z©vZ>dhÀf>jiswZbilbhWZ5tsjiG1euYoeS®@gqY pY biliGpbeugq`kbhWZiGpbhgqYoeu Z>d'¤«iGdhYoeu`fJZs¨ Ê@Z>©vZ>deuY[i@yOg¹1fxeubhgjiG`wºiu¤LbhWZ³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY W1ex©vZ& ZJZ>`opdiG iswZJy[gq`ÂiGdypZ>dµbifJiGZ¿»gqbhW bhWpgjwpdiGpjZ>Y¬¨ `Zoiu¤»bhWZJwZogjw¸bhWZRʯbi¯fW1eGwhbhgjfo³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY nÊ@³ª£ ê ¨R^a`whbZxeGyiu¤ fxeujf> pEeubhgq`ptÂbhWZ¤P pq ¤ p`f>bhgjiG`¦iu¤µ³ c 1eubhgjiG` «v£9r1¿»WpgjfW¡YlgqtsW¯b©vZ>dhk¿ºZ>qZ¸fJiGYlp pbeSm bhgjiG`1euqq-gq`¯bhdeGf>beupjZsr¯gqbºyOdeJ¿&wµweuYlpjZJwµiu¤ bhWZeGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`¯bµ©seudhgEeupjZJw eGfJfJiGdyOgq`ptbi¸bhWZ yOgjwbhdhgqp pbhgjiG`I S
(106) - ?N +eu`y[fxeujf> pEeubZJwºbhWZ&fJiGdhdZJwh iG`yOgq`ptYoeS®OgqY pY qgqvZ>qgqWi@i@y ZJwbhgqYoeubZ5iu¤bhWZ5fJiGYlpjZ>bZ5yeubeqgqvZ>qgqWi@i¯y¤ p`f>bhgjiG` S
(107) ?N(¨^ab»fxeu`ÀZwhWiÅ¿»` bhW1eub¤«iGd¢ZxeGfW§Ê@³µ gqbZ>deubhgjiG`¶bhWZ>dZgjweo`iG`OmnÃxZ>di;pdiG1eupgqqgqba¦iu¤µfWi¯iswgq`ptÀeu`¦ p yeubZJy ©seuq ZRiu¤bhWZRZJwhbhgqYoeubZJy±1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwl¿»WpgjfW±ypZJf>dZxeGwZJwlbhWZÂgq`fJiGYlpjZ>bZÀyeubekqgqvZ>qgqWi@i@y ¤ p`f>bhgjiG`L¨^a`¬fJiG`cbhdeGwhbbilbhWZ5whbeu`yeudy¬³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬r1bhWZÊ@³/¿»gqqLbhWZ>dZ9¤ iGdZ¸gq`ÀtvZ>`Om Z>deu`iGb5 ZbhdeupZJy§gq`¦bhWZlf>jiswZJwhb5ji¯fxeuYoeS®OgqY pY¬¨l} iswwhgqpjZ-yOgjweGyO©Geu`¯beutvZ[iu¤.bhWpgjw Y[Z>bhWi@y;gjwbhW1eubº¤ iGd½ZxeGfWÂgqbZ>deubhgjiG`RiG`ZW1eGwºbiweuYlpjZe5pdiG1eupgqqgqba;yOgjwhbhdhgqp pbhgjiG`Lr@¿»WpgjfW gq`°e¦fJiGYlp pbZ>dlgqYlpjZ>Y[Z>`cbeubhgjiG` Y[Zxeu`w-bhW1euboe¡deu`ypiGY `c pYZ>dltvZ>`Z>deubiGd[W1eGw-bi¦ Z fxeuqjZJyoYoeJ@Z¢eEeudhtvZ&`¯ pY Z>d½iu¤ÆbhgqY[ZJwx¨2V.WZfJiGYlp pbeubhgjiG`1eu fJiswbµiu¤ÆbhWpgjwY[Z>bhWi@y[YlgqtsWcb bhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZ5 Z c pgqbZ¸EeudhtvZs¨ ^a`[bhWpgjwº1euZ>dxr¯¿ºZpdiGiswZetvZ>`Z>deuqgqÃÅeubhgjiG`Àiu¤LbhWZ{µ¡¢V¾euqtviGdhgqbhWpY 1eGwZJyoiG`RedZJfJZ>`cb ypZ>©vZ>jiGpY[Z>`¯b 2bhWZËZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbhgjf}`p`Zxeuqgq`pt³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY Ë&}¢³ª£qx ¨2V.WZ&Ë&}¢³ W1eGw¬eujwiÇ ZJZ>` fJiG`whbhdh f>bZJy gq` eu` eubhbZ>YlpbÀbi ix©vZ>dfJiGY[ZªbhWZ¦pdiGpjZ>YÓiu¤Z>`yOgq`pt p gq` e¶ji¯fxeuYoeS®@gqY pY yO pdhgq`ptÇbhWZ¬wZxeudfWL¨ ^ab[1eGwhgjfxeuqq ¿½iGdh@woc°whY[i@iGbhWpgq`ptÇiG pbobhWZ qgqvZ>qgqWi@i@yÇwh pd'¤neGfJZ;eubWpgqtsW´bZ>YlZ>deubh pdZJwxrjZxeGyOgq`pt¡bhWZÂwZxeudfW±gq`¯bikbhWZÂfJiGdhdZJf>b-dZ>tsgjiG` iu¤.1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dw1eGfJZoeGw¸bhWZlbZ>Yl Z>deubh pdZ[tvZ>bw¸jix¿ºZ>dx¨RV.WZ-¹`1euºwhbZ>iu¤.bhWZ[Ë&}¢³ gjw euq¿.eJOwZ ¯ pgq©seujZ>`cbbiÀbhWZofJiGdhdZJwh iG`yOgq`pt¶whbeu`yeudy³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY¬¨ÀV.WZ;{¦V ¿»gqbhW bhWZËZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbhgjf-}`p`Zxeuqgq`ptR³ euqtviGdhgqbhWpY fJiGdhdZJwh iG`ypwgq`¡bhWZ¸qgq`Zxeud'm5eu wwhgEeu`ªfxeGwZ bi§e¡©vZ>dh±whgqYlpjZÀZ9®ObZ>`whgjiG`°iu¤¢bhWZÀwbeu`yeudy {¡¢V iG`ZÀwhgqYlpq±ypZ9¹`ZJwoe¶wZ>dhgjZJwliu¤ bZ>Yl Z>deubh pdZJwiGdY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cbZ>dhdiGdweu`yÀdh p`wbhWZ¸{¦V bi[fJiG`¯©vZ>dhtvZ>`fJZeub&ZxeGfW¡iu¤. %. ÜXWpöZYJñ9ñ.
(108) x.
(109) (C
(110) P
(111) Z
(112) . bhWZ¸bZ>YlZ>deubh pdZJwwZ c Z>`¯bhgEeuqqv¨µV.Wpgjwfxeu`¬Z5wZJZ>`¬cÂdZxeuqgqÃJgq`ptobhW1eub&bhWZË&}³µÈ wZJwe Y[i@yOg¹1ZJy S
(113) ?N( ypZ>`iGbZJy O£ºyO pdhgq`ptlbhWZ¹dwhb.gqbZ>deubhgjiG`w»bi-fxeujf> pEeubZbhWZ ¤ p`f>bhgjiG`kiu¤³ ¯ 1- eubhgjiG`Ç«v£ . ?N(
(114) - ?N
(115)
(116) 'xv£ : ?N( ¿»WZ>dZH leu` y $r ypZ>`iGbhgq`ptÀbhWZbZ>Yl Z>deubh pdZs¨ÄiGd
(117) vr9 ¬gjw¢bhWZ weuY[Z;eGw
(118) - ?N(¨ÀV.WZ;iG pbhp pbiu¤&bhWZo{¦V eubiG`ZobZ>YlZ>deubh pdZÂwZ>dh©vZJw-eGw gq`pp pbºbi¸bhWZ{¡ ¢V¾eubºbhWZ`Z9®ObµiG`Zs¨`ZwhWiG pjy;wbeudhbµ¿»gqbhWÂe¸EeudhtvZ&©seuq Ziu¤LbhWZY[ZxeSm w pdZ>Y[Z>`cbµZ>dhdiGdgq`lbhWZ&Z9®OpdZJwwhgjiG`w¤«iGdbhWZ&eGwwhgqts`pY[Z>`¯bpdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJw wZJZ»³ c 1eubhgjiG`¦ ¯£h£9r w fJfJZJwwhgq©vZ>q;ypZJf>dZxeGwZ5bhWpgjw»yO pdhgq`pt[bhWZ¢gqbZ>deubhgjiG`weu`yÀiGpbeugq`¬bhWZ¹`1euZJwbhgqYoeubZJweub.bhWZ `iGYlgq`1eu©seuq Ziu¤LbhWZY[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`cb»Z>dhdiGdx¨^abºfxeu`;Z`iGbZJy;bhW1eubº¿»gqbhWÂbhWpgjw½euppdiveGfWR`i deu`ypiGY¥`c pY Z>dw¸W1ex©vZlbiR ZtvZ>`Z>deubZJyƨo^`ªbhWZ-`Z9®Ob¸wZJf>bhgjiG`LrÆ¿½Zl¿»gqqwhWix¿ bhW1eub5bhWZ tvZ>`Z>deuqgqÃÅeubhgjiG`Çiu¤ºbhWZ-{¦V gq`f>q yOgq`ptkwh fW§e;ypZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwbhgjfoeu`p`Zxeuqgq`pt¬wfWZ>Y[Z-jZxeGypw bilwgqts`pg¹1fxeu`cbgqYlpdiÅ©vZ>Y[Z>`cbw¢gq`¬bhWZ¸eGfJf> pdeGf>¬iu¤2bhWZ5ZJwhbhgqYoeubZJy¬1eudeuY[Z>bZ>dwŨ V.WZ>dZ[W1eJ©vZoeujwiR ZJZ>`§ZxeudhqgjZ>deubhbZ>Ylpbw qs biRY[i¯yOg¤ ¦bhWZl{¡¢V¯¡gq`f>dZxeGwhgq`ptkbhWZ Y[ZxeGw pdZ>Y[Z>`cb¡Z>dhdiGd¡yO pdhgq`pt²bhWZ¦¹dwhb¬gqbZ>deubhgjiG`wÅrp pb¡eup1eudZ>`cbhq ¿»gqbhWiG pb¡eu`¯ tsdZxeub w fJfJZJwwx¨²}»fJfJiGdyOgq`ptÇbi§bhWZ¬Ë}³´rWiÅ¿ºZ>©vZ>dxr»bhWpgjwogjwlbhWZkfJiGdhdZJf>b;bhWpgq`ptbi§ypi§¿»WZ>` bhWZo`iGgjwZÂfxeu` ZoypZJwf>dhgq ZJy§¯Çe 5eu wwhgEeu`pdiG1eupgqqgqbaÇypZ>`whgqba¶¤P p`f>bhgjiG`L¨ Z[¿ºiG pjy eujwiqgqvZbi iGgq`cb»iG pb½bhW1eub.bhWZË&}¢³¥euqtviGdhgqbhWpYÁgjwº`iGb.dZJwhbhdhgjf>bZJyÂbibhWpgjw»eGww pYlpbhgjiG`L¨ ³ c 1eubhgjiG`Ç'xv£.gjw.©GeuqgjyR¤«iGd&eu`cRpdiG1eupgqqgqb¬ypZ>`wgqbvr1eu`yÀbhWZ5Ë}³/bhW¯ w»tsgq©vZJwe-¿½Z>qm ypZ9¹`ZJy±pdZJwf>dhgqpbhgjiG`²iu¤WiÅ¿ bi¡¤ iGdhY pEeubZke¶ypZ>bZ>dhYlgq`pgjwhbhgjfkeu`p`Zxeuqgq`pt{µ¡¢VÁeujwi¶gq` bhWZfxeGwZ¢iu¤`iG`Om¸eu wwhgEeu`R`iGgjwZs¨V.WZ5euppdiveGfWkiu¤bhWpgjwº¿½iGdh;gjw½bhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZ¢Y[iGdZtvZ>`Z>deu bhW1eu`k¿»W1eub&W1eGw» ZJZ>`ÀpdZJwZ>`cbZJy¡ZxeudhqgjZ>dx¨ }¢w½Y[Z>`cbhgjiG`ZJyÀZxeudhqgjZ>dxryO Z¢bibhWZ¢gq`ypZ>Z>`ypZ>`fJZ¸eGwwh pYlpbhgjiG`w&euppqgjZJyRgq`RbhWZ¢fJiG`wbhdh f9m bhgjiG`;iu¤bhWZ&{µ¡¢V qgqvZ>qgqWi@i¯y;whbhdh f>bh pdZsrvbhWZ»pdiG1eupgqqgqbaoiu¤LeGwwhgqts`pgq`pteWpgqbµbie5wh ZJf>g¹1f bhdeGfoypi@ZJw`iGb.ypZ>Z>`y;iG`;bhWZji¯fxeubhgjiG`w.iu¤ÆbhWZiGbhWZ>d½Y[ZxeGwh pdZ>Y[Z>`¯bwºgq`ÂbhWZweuY[Z&EeJvZ>dx¨ ^a`±bhWpgjwl¿ºiGdh´¿ºZ¬pdiGiswZRbi¶Y[i@yOg¤ bhWZJwZ¬eGwwgqts`pY[Z>`cb[pdiG1eupgqqgqbhgjZJwogq`°iGdypZ>dlbiªiGOm beugq`¬fJiGYl Z>bhgqbhgjiG`k Z>b¿½ZJZ>`¬Wpgqbw»gq`ÀbhWZ¸weuY[ZEeJvZ>dx¨ Z¿»gqqLbhWZ>dZ9¤«iGdZ5 wZ¿½Z>gqtsWcbw¿»gqbhW bhWZoweuY[Zlwhbhdh f>bh pdZoeGw5bhWiswZlgq`§bhWZlË&}¢Ä eu`yªbhWZ[³EeGwbhgjf[}dhY[weuqtviGdhgqbhWpYÈiu¤»ZxeudhqgjZ>d ¿½iGdh * $&
(119) &
(120)
(121) I * (
(122) 3 ! 'x\v£ 3 * 4 6 V.WZ&¿ºZ>gqtsWcbw½W1ex©vZ& ZJZ>`;whbeubZJy-¤«iGdbhWZfxeGwZ&iu¤Lwhgq`ptsjZ»bhdeGf@wxr@whgq`fJZ»gqbµgjwbhWpgjwµfxeGwZ»¿ºZ¿»gqq fJiG`wgjypZ>d½gq`RbhWZ¢whgqY pEeubhgjiG`¬Z9®O Z>dhgqY[Z>`cbw&iu¤bhWZ¢`Z9®Ob½wZJf>bhgjiG`L¨^b½gjw½`iGb½Z>`¯bhgqdZ>qÂiG¯©¯gjiG w WiÅ¿bhWZ-¿ºZ>gqtsW¯bwwhWiG pjy¶ji@iGkgq`ªbhWZ-Y pqbhgmnbhdeGf§fxeGwZs¨^a`¶¤«eGf>bxr bhWpgjw5gjwbhWZlw pO|'ZJf>b¸iu¤ Pø. $ $&.
(123)
(124)
(125)
(126)
(127) "!$#&%' (
Documents relatifs
A scenario generator is said to manifest in-sample stability if, when generating several scenario sets of the same size and solving the optimisation problem on each of these
In order to incorporate asynchronous communications in the algorithm, the idea is to reformulate the second sum in (1) as an expectation over the (random) active edges and then to
In our video tracking framework, when new moving objects are added in the scene, more prototypes are needed to keep the same accuracy of the vector quantization (i.e. to keep
To sum up, there is no doubt that application the second fitness function gives us better results but if we compare Cuckoo Search Algorithm and Simulated Annealing it turns out that
Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST
Finally, we conclude the paper by proposing a potential use of the synchrosqueezing method to determine a relevant sampling strategy for multicomponent signals analysis and also
In this paper, we proposed a new tracking framework based on Particle Swarm Optimization formalism and, demonstrated on both, synthetic and real data, that our algorithm outper-
A typical algorithm that was known to perform well in the case of time-cheap cost evaluations was the simulated annealing (SA) as mentioned by Locatelli in [19]: ”The latter