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Mathematics in English

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European section Oral examination

Mathematics in English

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From A brief history of Mathematics by Dr. Karl Fink, in a translation by W. W. Beman and D. E. Smith

The Roman numerals were probably inherited from the Etruscans. The note- worthyapeculiarities are the lack of the zero, the subtractive principle wherebyb the value of a symbol was diminished by placing before it one of lower order (IV=4, IX=9, XL=40, XC=90), even in cases where the language itself did not signify such a subtraction ; and nally the multiplicative eect of a bar over the numerals (II = 2000, XXX = 30000, C = 100000). Also for certain fractions there are special symbols and names. According to Mommsen the Roman number-symbols I, V, X represent the nger, the hand, and the double hand.

2 Questions

1. Who probably invented the so-called Roman numerals ? 2. What are the peculiarities of the Roman numerals ? 3. How was denoted the zero ?

4. Explain the subtractive principle.

5. Explain the sentence even in cases where the language itself did not signify such a subtraction.

6. Explain the multiplicative eect of a bar over the numerals.

7. What is Mommsen the Roman's explanation of the three main symbols ?

ainteresting

bin which

Sujet 2004-02 Roman numerals

1

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