UNIT 10 / 2BACAA / 2BSMAF / 2BSMB1 / 2BSMB2
Grammar: Restrictive and Non-restrictive Clauses
• Both Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses begin with WH-words (who , which, whose……..)
• Restrictive clauses: are not set off by commas, they are dependent , very important and limit the meaning.Without it the meaning is not clear.
EXAMPLE :
The bike which my sister bought yesterday is very expensive.
• Non-restrictive clauses: are set off by commas, they are independent, not very important to the meaning. They just give extra information.
EXAMPLE :
My mother , who is an excellent cook, has prepared a delicious dish for dinner .
*Who = refers to a subject : Everybody knows the person who has broken into my office.
*whom = refers to the object of a sentence : This is Amina whom you met at our house last year.
But nowadays we usually use “who” instead of “whom”:
This is Amina who you met at our house last year.
*Which = it refers to an object (preferences) : The car which I use daily is in the parking.
*That = people, animals, and things
*when = refers to time. : She remembers her 20th birthday .It was the day when the tsunami happened.
*where = refers to place. : Stratford-upon-Avon is the town where Shakespeare was born.
*Whose = refers to possession : That’s the man whose son tried to emigrate illegally to Spain.
EXERCISES
:A. Fill in the gaps the appropriate relative pronoun
1.A castle is a place ………. a king or queen lives.
2.An actress is a woman ……… plays in films or theatre plays.
3.This is the girl ……… mother is from Spain.
4.This is the time of the year ……… many people suffer from fever.
5.The flowers ……… grow in the garden are very beautiful.
6.I cannot remember the reason ………. he did that.
7.Jane, ……… mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
8.She didn’t see the snake ……….. was lying on the ground.
9.Do you know the shop ……….. Andrew picked me up from?
10.My brother Jim,……… lives in London, is a doctor.
11.The sun,………. is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.
12.A pacifist is a person ……… believes that all wars are wrong.
13.This school is only for children ……… first language is not English.
14.I don't know the name of the woman to ………. I spoke on the phone.
15.Sheila,……….. job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.
16.Jane,……….. loves tea, never drinks coffee.
17.Shakespeare ,………. books I love reading, is a famous writer.
18.People ………. smoke damage their health.
B.Link the following sentences using the words given
1.We often visit our grandparents. They are only 10 minutes away.(who) 2.Ann is one of my closest friends. I have known her for years.(whom)
3.They didn't thank us for the help we gave them at work. This was very rude of them.(which)
4.Ann's father works for an international company. It does business with African countries.(which)
5.Our History teacher was late this morning. He comes always on time.(who)
………., ………., ……….
6.Mrs Elliot has gone to see the doctor. Mrs Elliot hasn't been feeling well lately.(who)
………. ,………. , ……….
7.They went to a place .They usually spend their vacation there.(where).
8.I know the lady .Her car is parked over there (whose)
9.My father bought me my first bicycle one day . I will never forget that day. (when) 10.Our Secretary speaks both English and German fluently. Her mother is German(whose)
………., ………,………
