Applying the healthy urban planning concept in a redevelopment project

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Applying the healthy urban planning concept in a redevelopment project

Nina Lemaire, Anne Roué Le Gall, Sarah Vernier, Cécile Chaussignand

To cite this version:

Nina Lemaire, Anne Roué Le Gall, Sarah Vernier, Cécile Chaussignand. Applying the healthy urban planning concept in a redevelopment project. Health Equity: The New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals, 14th International Conference on Urban Health, Sep 2017, Coimbra, Portugal.

2017. �hal-01693932�

8 courses of action for

Healthy urban planning

1. Reduceemissions and exp osures topollutants, risks and disturb

ances

2. Promote behaviours be nef cial

physical activity anddiet to health, in particu

lar 3. Promote social cohesion and the wellbeing of inhab

itants

4. Allowaccess to health care and care services

groups

and care for vulnerable persons between different socio-ec

onom ic 5. Redress health inequa

lities

between different policies 6. Identify and manage antago

nism 7. Establish strategies promoting s

interse ctorial

inhabitants collaboration and the invo

lvem ent

of all stakeholders, including 8. Conceive anadaptable project taking into

acco

unt

evolving lifestyles and beh aviours

Main steps of the urban

redeveloment project Main steps of the H ^up initiative

Reflexion on the possible development of an H

^ia

Aug. 2015 - May 2016

- Meetings C

res

- Municipality ;

- Intervention of an H

ia

expert from e

Hesp

> It is not possible to conduct an H

ia

as the urban redevelopment project is not detailed enough yet.

Initiation of the projet

Since 2013-14 Diagnosis elements Meeting between the various partners

Definition of the project’s goals Definition of the project’s orientations Etc.

Definition of the H

up

initiative (June - Aug. 2016)

- prefiguration of the method ; - prefiguration of a H

up

working group (

wg

)

H

up wg

meeting

> Choice of 4 thematics as entry points

H

up wg

meeting

H

^{up wg}

meeting

H

up wg

meeting H

up wg

meeting

Understanding the urban pr oject Dissemination of health-r elated concepts and H

up

Pr e- operational phase Diagnosis A

mo

Pr oject A

mo

Pr ogrammation A

mo

Pr ospective A

mo

Initiation of the urban pr oject Investigating 4 thematics

Jan. 2016

March April

May June

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

March April

June

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Spring 2018

Jan. 2017

Jan. 2018

2026 Beginning of the A

^mo

’s contract

Participative workshops by the A

mo

Citizens are strongly involved in the diagnosis and

elaboration of the project through these workshops.

Participative workshops by the A

mo

Participative workshops by the A

mo

Participative workshops by the A

mo

A

^nru

engagement board

Presentation of the project to A

nru

which reviews it

Signature of “protocole de préfiguration A

^nru

” ^{= 1}

^st

contractualisation between A

^nru

, State, Collectivities, Caisse des dépots, A

^nAH

, social housing operators

Meeting w/ local professionals and elected rep. Presentation of the H

up

initiative and goals

Confirmation of financing of H

^up

initiative

Launch of technical studies

Delivery of A

^mo

’s project scenarii

Technical studies’ results

A

^nru

engagement board

Presentation of the project to A

^nru

which reviews it

Signature of A

^nru

agreement

= 2

^nd

contractualisation between A

nru

, State, Collectivities, Caisse des dépots, A

nAH

, social housing operators

Estimated end of project

Production of the deliverables for the Regional Health Agency and the Municipality

Deliverables

Proposal of deliverables to the Municipality aiming target actors and sub-projects

Operational phase

Operational phase

starting from 2018 Conception and development of all subprojects (housing renovation, new constructions, public space redesign...) which will involve several other actors such as developper, architects, construction firms etc.

Fig. 1 Project timeframe (credit : N. Lemaire)

Applying the healthy urban planning concept in a redevelopment project

N. Lemaire ¹ , A. Roué Le Gall ¹ , S. Vernier ² , C. Chaussignand ²

1

E

^HEsp

School of Public Health (F

^r

),

²

Comité Régional d’Education pour la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (F

^r

) corresponding author : nina.lemaire@ehesp.fr

Introduction

Many efforts are currently being carried in the fields of urban planning, public health and environment to search for levers, methods and strategies to practically implement the healthy urban planning (H

^up

) concept (Grant et al. 2017).

The urban redevelopment project of Maille 1 - Mercure neighborhoods located in Miramas, France, is the focus of an initiative aiming to do so. The urban project is part of the New National Program for Urban Redevelopment (N

^pNru

) targeting specific deprived neighborhood and led by the National Agency for Urban Redevelopment (A

^Nru

).

H ^up initiative’s objectives

• Better integrate health stakes into the Maille 1 - Mercure redevelopment project

• Explore light methodologies and tools, distinct from evaluation methodologies, to actuate the topic of health in the process of this kind of urban project

• Contribute to the reciprocal acculturation process between health and urban planning actors.

This initiative is led by C

^res

and e

^Hesp

, and is financed by p

^ACA

Regional Health Agency and Métropole Aix-Marseille-Provence with the support of the Municipality of Miramas.

The existing area

Second to last pictures belong to O. Michel (Municipality of Miramas)

• 2762 inhabitants (Miramas = 25 583 inhab.)

• 20 hectares

• 86 % of social housing

• Presence of two primary schools, a few shops, healthcare and social professionnals, etc.

Poster presented at the 14

^th

International Conference on Urban Health organized by the International Society for Urban Health

26-29 Sept. 2017, Coimbra, Portugal.

Conclusion

Two key points are to be highlighted :

• It is important to understand the timeframe, the actors and their relationships, the financial mechanisms, the key documents etc. in order to identify the appropriate levers. A tactical approach, as defined in Harris et al 2014, is therefore required, as the elaboration of an urban project is a complex process and not a rational or linear operation ;

• Urban projects are not separated objects from other

policies or projects. As processes in which time and energy is focused on a specific area or subject, they can represent an opportunity to act on other policies or projects in the area. This is particularly true in the case of N

^pNru

projects, such as this one, in which the urban project is in relation with a social project.

Further research will focus on finding relevant entry points which would not compromise the global approach to health.

Bibliography

• Grant, M., C. Brown, W. T. Caiaffa, A. Capon, J. Corburn, C. Coutts, C. J. Crespo, et al.

2017. « Cities and Health: An Evolving Global Conversation ». Cities & Health, april, 1-9.

doi:10.1080/23748834.2017.1316025.

• Harris, P., F. Haigh, M. Thornell, L. Molloy, and P. Sainsbury. 2014. « Housing, Health and Master Planning: Rules of Engagement ». Public Health 128 (4): 354‑59. doi:10.1016/j.

puhe.2014.01.006.

• Roué Le Gall, A. and N. Lemaire. 2017. « Urbanisme favorable à la santé ». In Yearbook 2017 Santé et Environnement, Environnement Risques Santé, 201‑4. Montrouge: John Libbey Eurotext.

The authors warmly thank the members of the working group for their contribution, as well as the institutional partners.

Fig. 2 Cartography of main actors involved in this urban redevelopment project

(credit : N. Lemaire)

In green are the members of the H

^up

working group (W

^g

) along with C

^res

and e

^Hesp

. The C

^res

-e

^Hesp

team and the W

^g

both gather actors with backgrounds covering the fields of urban planning, health promotion and environmental health.

Understanding this urban redevelopment project and setting up a H ^up working group

In order to reflect on how to integrate health, it was important to understand :

• the area, the stakes of the project ;

• the time‑frame and steps of the project (adjacent fig.) including the operationnal planning tools and documents mobilized by such process and the underlying

political, financial and legal constrains etc. ;

• the actors and their roles (fig. below), the governance.

How to seize the H ^up concept in this urban project ?

Fig. 3 Reference framework for H

^up

(

^s

ource : A. Roué Le Gall et N. Lemaire, 2017)

• W

^g

meetings allowed the members to progress towards a common culture concerning health and urban planning ;

• W

^g

agreed on the necessity to adopt a global approach to health ;

• But entry points to further the work were needed.

> Investigation of 4 thematics particularly relevant to the context (physical activity & diet ; indoor air ; access to healthcare ; social cohesion) following this logical path :

Identification of factors generally

impacting the

thematic, be they related to the build environment or not (scientific literature and

knowledge from W

^g

)

Confrontation of these factors to the context

(W

^g

knowledge of the context, data collected through

participative workshop in the frame of the urban project,

interviews)

Identification of pertinent levers

to activate to influence these

factors

Possible deliverables

Potential deliverables have been identified by Wg with regards to the urban project timeframe, key documents, actors and governance :

• H

^up

charter to be included in the A

^Nru

agreement

• Leaflets to several actors and concerning specific sub‑projects

(social housing operators, concerning housing renovation ; building developers

concerning new housing, municipality and staff concerning schools and health center)

• Report to p

^ACA

Regional Health Agency.

Outcomes

• Members of W

^g

said they developed a “health lens” ;

• Better consideration of access to healthcare and care services in the project, emergence of a health center sub-project developed with local health professional.

Ass i s ^ta n c e _{to u} r _b

a _n pr o _j

t ec

M ^u nic ⁱ p ^ali ty ^of Mira _mas

C_o-conce^pti^on ^ofth^e p^ro^jet

Se rv ic ^e

“P ol ⁱ ti ^q ue de la Ville ” o _f

Mir a _m as

Op^era

t^ionna^{l s}te^ering

A r _chitec ts

P u b li _{c pa} r tne

rs

Finaⁿc^ial cont_ribu tions a

nd/or

Manag e _rs

C itize n s ^dev e l op _m e _n t ( _A

mo

)

Public pa^rticipatio_n an_d

urba n c_o

nce

t p on i

S ^ub

-p ro ^ject s ’ o _wn er _s

C o ⁿ st ^r u ^c ti _on fi _rm s

Team in charge of the urban

projet Officer in

charge of health Other

officers Territorial

council

Inhabitants Shopkeepers

Professionals

Elected rep.

Elected rep.

Other services Services

Sociology &

Policy firm

Management and economy

firm

Programming firm

Engineering firm Urban design

firm

M é _t

rop _ol e Aix -M a ^{e rs} l ^l ei

Strate^gic stee^ring

National Agency for urban redevelopment

(A^Nru) National Agency for housing improvement

(A^NAH) Regional council Departmental council

Caisse des dépots

Distributors

(electricity, water etc.

companies)

Distributors

(electricity, water etc.

companies)

Social housing operators

Social housing operators Building

developers

Co-ownership management State’s services

(to be defined)

(to be defined) Buildings

Public works ex^amⁱn^at_ion o_f

th_e pro_j

ect