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Computer supported cooperative work and its application to the
construction industry
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
and its Application to the Construction Industry
by Steve Cornick, Advanced Construction Technology Laboratory,
Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council of Canada
1+1
Infortnation Flow
Cooperation
Individuals sublimate goals for a common goal. Most complex cooperative activity.
Collaboration
Working together as a team torwards a common goal.
j
ExamPle: Conceptual design. Support: Experimental software in research labs. Examples: Most construction Examples: Bid tendering. activities from design detailed design tasks, estimating. to laying bricks.
Support: Dial-up bulletin Support: Teleconferencing, boards. electronic catalogues, computer teleconferencing
databases. (screen sharing).
Informing
Imparting ofinformalion. The least complex cooperative activity.
The Construction Process as a Cooperative
Activity: Types of Activities
Example: Project Planning. Support: Single user planning and scheduling tools,
electronic mail.
Coordination
Harmonizing for common effect or action.
Bair,J. H. (1989). Supporting Cooperative Work With Computers: Addressing Meeting Mania. In 34th IEEE Computer Society International Conference -- Compcon Spring1989, (pp. 208-217). San Francisco, CA: IEEE.
(k,...) Feedback (g,h) Tender action Ic.hj)
P01lj7,annm
g (f,g) Bills or quantities (d,e) Detail design (0,a) Inception (a,b) Feasibility (b,c) Outline proposals (c,d) Conceptual designThe Construction Process
The staging of the construction process considering the functions of the client, designers, and contractors. lnfonnation in graphical aild textual fonn is transferred between each stage. (from RIBA Handbook 1965)
(e,t) Production information
Contractors
- Textual infonnation, such as specifications and requirements.
- Graphical and visual infonnation, such as drawings, photographs, videos, and models.
"
The Major Players in the Industry
Owner/ Operator
...
ｾ｟ｾ｟ｩｧｮＮＮＺＭ
ｾ｟ ｾＭｾＭＧＴ｟ＮＮｊ
Activities as Related
to Time and Space
Real Time/Face to Face Real Time/Remote Asynchronous/FacetoFace Aysnchronous/RemoteCooperative activites can also be categorized by their spatial and temporal characteristics.
These activities occur at the same time and at the same location. Examples: meetings, pouring concrete.
These types of activities need not happen at one location. Example: A conference telephone call.
Activities of this sort happen at same location over a period of time. Example: Building a house.
Activities of this sort are not constrained by space and time. Examples: Co-authoring a book or a large design projecL
Comput.er Supported
COOPffati
'e
ork
and its Application to the Construction Industry
by Steve Cornick, Advanced Construction Technology Laboratory,
...
Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council of Canada
...,...
570
The Focus of Work at ACTL is on
Supporting Collaborative Tasks.
Specifically on supporting remote
meetings using interactive graphics
teleconferencing. Teleconferencing is
enabled through screen sharing.
Screen sharing allows many people to
see and use the same graphical and textual
data.
Challenge is to bring the ideas and
techni'lues to users at a reasonable cost.
Requirements:
Abilitytouse many different computers from personal computerstoworkstations.
Must use inexpensive communications links. such as telephone or ISDN.
Bid Depository
• - central
Bid depository system. Bids are submitted locally. however decisions mayberequired by a central commitee. Drawings and specs. currently shipped via courier or bus.
Remote Project Adminstration
Changes, data and#:
discussion take placefrom the site and are
j
\
relayed back to the designoffice.Ａ
ｄ･ｓｩｾｮ
｣ｾ｡ｮｧ･ｳ
ｾ､
project!\.At
trackmg mformallon \relayed to the site from the ｾ
design office(s).
'J1
ｾ..
Architect Voice and data Engineer
.L::communicatiOnS
:It
ｾ
ｾｾＺＦ
Client:It
ｾｾ
ｾ
ｾ
Shared Input/=
data l..:!:::f:..I OutputConceptual Design
For More Information
Irene Greif (1988) "Computer Supported Cooperative Work: A book of readings" Morgan Kaufman Publishers, California.
Saul Greenberg (1991) "Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Groupware" , Academic Press. London.
Saul Greenberg (1991) "An Annotated Bibliography of Computer Supported Cooperative Work", Research Report No. 91/425/09, Dept. of Computer Science. University of Calgary.
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (1986, 1988, 1990).
Tor G. Syvertsen (1991) "The Design Office of the Future", Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Building Systems Automation - Integration. Iune 1991, Madison Wisconsin. Screen Image Screen Image
