• Aucun résultat trouvé

Influence of geometric parameters and image preprocessing on tomo-PIV results

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Influence of geometric parameters and image preprocessing on tomo-PIV results"

Copied!
13
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-00874856

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874856

Submitted on 18 Oct 2013

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Lionel Thomas, Romain Vernet, Benoit Tremblais, Laurent David

To cite this version:

Lionel Thomas, Romain Vernet, Benoit Tremblais, Laurent David. Influence of geometric parameters and image preprocessing on tomo-PIV results. 15th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Jul 2010, Lisbon, Portugal. pp.1813. �hal-00874856�

(2)

1234562768938A69B6CDE78FDB6C6D828EBA68FD6FD976E2A8928C9B9 18D654C8

123456789AB3C23DEFEAB3234FE789B31238A

123456787973ABC8DEF358EC6873E3A878EC6F3A B!C7EDE573"#98E6F3$%ECD8&9E6F3D'96785

A(4F3)3!C8E3E73A8ECCE39C8EF37#BC73(

*+(3"979C6,BE3%!66E5E98#F3"C!5,E -85E#.$%D!6/958B878EC6.0C

(234567879731-434F358EC6873E3A878EC633312(

A(4F3)3!C8E3E73A8ECCE39C8EF37#BC73(

*+(3"979C6,BE3%!66E5E98#F3"C!5,E

9F83$%E37D3C!B%4A453863968533D9#78B#E3,!DEC!38E6630C3!309##37D3C!B%8,3CE,567C9,7853037%E3 '7E,7 3 6B!,EF 3 6%8,% 3 86 3 CEBCE6E57E 3 '4 3 ! 3 3 8E# 3 67C9,79CE 3 687% 3 ! 3 CE6#9785 3 !!B7E 3 7 3 7%E 3 ,!DEC! 3 CE6#9785.3450#9E5,E6303800ECE573B!C!DE7EC6369,%3!637%E38D!3E63BCEBC,E66853F37%E3#9DE386,CE789!7853

!537%E36E83%78533D!7C88F37%E3!#3C87%D385878!#89!7853!537%E3,!DEC!63!53#E6F37%E3#9DE37%8,:5E663!537%E 3 B!C78,#E3E568743!CE36798E3536457%E78,3!53CE!#38D!3E6.

A23F66

$DA453863!3CE,E573E8BEC8DE57!#37E,%58&9E3C8385!##43EE#BE3'43#6853!3E73!#3;(<<=F36%8,%3 38E63!,,E663737%E37%CEE3E#,8743,DB5E5763853!30!736%EE7F374B8,!##43!30E63,E578DE7EC637%8,:.3$%E3 '!68, 3 8E! 3 7 3 3E7 3 ! 3 3 E#,874 3 08E# 3 96853 3 7DA45 3 86 3 7 3 7!:E 3 0E6 3 8D!3E6 3 0 3 ! 3 #9DE3 ,57!85853 3 B!C78,#E6F 3 7 3 CE,567C9,7 3 7%E 3 #83%7 3 857E56874 3 867C8'9785 3 8568E 3 7%E 3 #9DE 3 !5 3 763 ,CCE#!7E3763#9DE63733E737%E3D673BC'!'#E386B#!,EDE573037%E3B!C78,#E638568E37%E3#9DE.3$%E3 D!8538008,9#7438637%E3CE,567C9,7853BC,E9CEF3EE538037%E3,CCE#!7853%!6373'E3B78D89E373CE9,E3 7%E3,DB97!785378DE.34537%863B!BECF37%E3!77E578538630,96E3537%E3CE,567C9,785367EB36%ECE37%ECE3

!CE 3 678## 3 8008,9#78E6 3 7 3 3 3 7%C93%. 3 "8C67 3 0 3 !##F 3 7%E 3 ,DB97!785 3 78DE 3 86 3 EC4 3 #!C3E. 3 E,E57#4F3 7:85653!53C8!3;(<<+=3%!E3BCB6E3!53E008,8E5737E,%58&9E373CE9,E37%E3,DB97!785378DEF3 7%!73863B!C78!##4 3'!6E3537%E36C:303>C7% 3!538,:E#63;(<<*=.3$%E43BCB6E37385878!#89E37%E 3

#9DE3'43!3D9#78B#8,!78E3E678D!785F36%ECE!63A979E3!53!!63;(<<*=36933E673968533!3D858D9D3 BEC!7C3E!#9!785.3"9C7%EC3E7!8#6368##3'E338E538537%E30##6853.3546!4F3!##37%E6E37E,%58&9E63!CE3 '!6E353!#3E'C!8,3CE,567C9,7853DE7%6F308C673857C9,E3'43?C53E73!#3;1+2<=F36%8,%3!CE36#63 '9736E##3!!B7E3737%E3#8D87E359D'EC3038E66.3$%E3$3!#3C87%D30!D8#43863678##37%E3D67396E3 0C 3 7DA45. 3 E,5#4F 3 !6 3 7%E 3 BC'#ED 3 86 3 8##B6EF 3 7%E 3 CE,567C9,785 3 &9!#874 3 E,CE!6E6 3 !63 B!C78,#E63,5,E57C!785385,CE!6E6.3$%E35EE373!36DE3!3BC8C83737%E36#978538637%E53DCE3!53 DCE35E,E66!C4.3AE7C!3E73!#3;(<<+=3BCB6E30C3E8!DB#E3!53!#7EC5!78E3'!6E3537%E3,DBCE66E3 6E5685337%EC43853CEC373B78D89E37%E36#9785F3'973873863678##37%ECE78,!#.

453!308C67367EBF36457%E78,38D!3E63!CE396E373E!#9!7E37%E3850#9E5,E3036EEC!#3B!C!DE7EC63;7%!73!CE3 E7!8#E38537%E35E8736E,785=3537%E3CE,567C9,7853&9!#874.3453!36E,5367EBF3E8BEC8DE57!#38D!3E63!CE3 96E373679437%E3850#9E5,E3036DE3037%E3BCE8963B!C!DE7EC63537%E3,CCE#!7853&9!#874.3$%E3E00C7 3 86 3 B97 3 5 3 7%E 3 86,CE789!785 3 0 3 7%E 3 BC'#ED 3 !5 3 5 3 7%E 3 8D!3E6 3 BCEBC,E66853 3 850#9E5,E 3 5 3 7%E3 CE,567C9,7853&9!#874.

"515"

(3)

3

23E56938386F5793

$%E3#9DE3CE,567C9,7853863!5385EC6E3BC'#ED.3$%E38CE,73BC'#ED38637%E3BC7E,7853037%E3#83%73 857E5687438568E37%E3#9DE35737%E3,!DEC!38D!3E6.3$%E3BC7E,7853BEC!7C3863573!3B!C!##E#35E238763 8CE,7853863!3095,7853037%E3B6878538537%E38D!3E3!5386338E53'437%E3,!#8'C!7853BC,E9CEF36%8,%3 38E637%E33EDE7C8,37C!560CD!7853'E76EE53CE!#3!538D!3E36B!,E6.369!##43763DE#63!CE396E30C3 7%E3,!#8'C!785237%E3#003B#45D8!#3DE#3C37%E3B85%#E3,!DEC!3DE#.3$%E3#!7EC386396E38537%863 B!BEC.

403 @;1F32F33=3863!3B85738537%E3#9DEF3687%3337%E3,C85!7E3BECBE58,9#!C3737%E3#!6EC36%EE7F3!53

!@;4F35=38637%E3,CCE6B58533B85738537%E3,568ECE3,!DEC!38D!3EF37%E33EDE7C8,37C!560CD!7853

!53876385EC6E3!CE3E085E3CE6BE,78E#43'43E&9!7856313!53(.

41621 33333333333333333333333333333;1=

21 7 23162414 7 53233 33333333333333333333333;(=

$%E36E7303B857638536B!,E36EE53'43!3B8573!3 8537%E38D!3E3863,!##E37%E3#85E0683%73!538636C877E53 89A;!=.3"CD37%86F3873863B668'#E3736C87E37%E3BC7E,7853BEC!7C353!338E538D!3E3;6EE3"839CE31=3!53 E&9!7853.

BCDEFCCCFCDF5

333333333333333333324 7 5315

D85

D!8 !264124 7 532337 33

6

178"3" 64124 7 532338("3 33333;=

6%ECE338637%E38D!3E3857E56874F3!53!38637%E3#9DE3857E56874.34537%E38CE,73BC'#EDF3!3863:5653!53 38637%E395:565.34537%E385EC6E3BC'#EDF3873863BB687E.

$%ECE3!CE36EEC!#36!463736#E37%863BC'#EDF3'9738537%E3,!6E303!3#8D87E359D'EC3038E66F37%E3D67 3 96E37E,%58&9E63!CE3!#3E'C!8,.3$%E43,5686738537C!560CD85337%E3,57859963BC'#ED38573!386,CE7E3 5E.

2A3"F6E739FE#86

$%E338D!3E63!CE3!#CE!4386,CE789E.3$%E8C3689E3863.3$%E3B88E#63857E568743!#9E63!CE367CE3853!33E,7C3 .3$%ECE3!CE37637%EC3E#EDE57637386,CE789E237%E3#9DE3!537%E3BC7E,7853BEC!7C.3$%E3#9DE373 CE,567C9,738637!:E53!637%E3'833E673#9DE36EE53'43!##37%E3,!DEC!6.34537%863B!BECF3!53853D6737D A45 3 B!BEC6F 3 87 3 86 3 86,CE789E 3 85 3 ,9'8, 3 8E#6F 3 8568E 3 6%8,% 3 7%E 3 857E56874 3 86 3 69BB6E 3 ,567!57.3 69!##4F37%E3689E3037%E38E#638568E37%E3#9DE3863,%6E5369,%3!637%E359D'EC3038E#63!#533!3#85E3

"5%5"

(4)

863E&9!#3737%E359D'EC303B88E#63!#5337%E3BC7E,7E3#85EF3'9737%E3E00E,73037%863B!C!DE7EC3537%E3 CE,567C9,785386385E6783!7E38537%E3B!BEC.3$%E3#9DE38DE5685638637%E53.

>87%386,CE7E38D!3E63!53#9DEF37%E3BC7E,7853BEC!7C3,!53'E36C877E53!63!386,CE7E369D3;E&9!7853

=.3

19

#1<

$#

%#!# 33333333333333333333333;=

6%ECE338637%E3B88E#3,568ECE38537%E38D!3EF3#3863!38E#F338637%E3857E568743!73B88E#3F338637%E3857E568743

!7 3 8E# 3#F 3 !5 3 3 86 3 7%E 3 857EC!,785 3 'E76EE5 3 7%E 3 B88E# 33 !5 3 7%E 3 8E# 3#. 3 $%ECE78,!##4F 3 3 86 3 7%E3 857EC6E,785 3 'E76EE5 3 ! 3 B4C!D8 3 8669E 3 0CD 3 7%E 3 B88E# 3 ,579C 3 !5 3 7%E 3 8E#. 3 45 3 BC!,78,EF 3 87 3 863 8DB668'#E3736#E37%E3BC'#ED3!5!#478,!##4A3%E5,E36EEC!#3!BBC88D!78563,!53'E3D!E.369!##4F3 863D9#78B#8E3'437%E38E#3#9DEF37%ECE0CE338637!:E53!637%E3#9DE30C!,7853037%E38E#3857EC,EB7E3 '437%E3B88E#3#9DE0683%7.3

-E7B63E085E37%E3800ECE573!BBC88D!785630C37%E3857EC!,78536798E38537%863B!BEC.33!53 3!CE3,!##E3 7%E38E#3,E57EC3!537%E3B88E#3,E57EC3CE6BE,78E#4.3

C3FE

403621#3A C4&23F37%E533E#6E33 C369$E5

$%E38E#3863DE#E3'43!36B%ECE3687%3!3#9DE3E&9!#3737%E38E#3#9DE.338637!:E53!637%E3#E537% 3 037%E3857EC6E,7853'E76EE537%E36B%ECE3!537%E3#85E0683%738669E30CD37%E3B88E#3,E57ECF388E3'43 7%E36B%ECE38!DE7EC.3

C3F8%F8

$%8635E386396E3,#!668,!##438537%E3BCE89637DA4536798E63!536!63CE0ECE5,E3853-!D!C,%E3!53 -EC43;1++<=.33!85F37%E38E#3863DE#E3'43!36B%ECE.3CEECF37%E3B88E#3863!668D8#!7E373!386:F 3 687%3!369C0!,E3E&9!#3737%E3B88E#3689E.3403B88E#3%!63689E31F37%E38!DE7EC33863"11B6' .3637%E38E#3 689E3%!63'EE53,%6E5369,%3!638763BC7E,7853%!63!BBC88D!7E#437%E36!DE38DE568563!635E3B88E#F37%E3 7C!,E3037%E38E#3BC7E,785 3863!668D8#!7E 373!386:3687%38!DE7EC 3.3 38637%E5 37%E369C0!,E3037%E3 857EC6E,7853'E76EE537%E376386:6F388E3'437%E369C0!,E3035E386:. 3"1844621#383 8637%E3 867!5,E 3 'E76EE5 3 7%E 3 76 3 86:6 3 ,E57EC6. 3 40 3"C" F 3 F 3 E#6E3

%#1(2(,62"B"34"B"62142"B"3(3 33 C3E8F

3863,DB97E3!637%E36E83%7303!3#85E!C3857ECB#!785.3-E7B63E085E)41621#344 .3403Dδ4D≥13C3Dδ5D

≥1F3F3E#6E3%#1214)43214)53 3 C39&!E

$%E3B88E#386369'88E38573369'B88E#6.338637%E30C!,78530369'B88E#636%6E3#85E0683%73857EC6E,737%E3 8E#3D8B#!5E.3

C396!E

$%E38E#3#3 86369'88E38573 369'8E#6.3 38637%E30C!,78530369'8E#636%6E3,E57EC3863BC7E,7E3 8568E37%E3B88E#3.

07EC386,CE789!785F37%E3BC'#ED3863CE9,E3737%E385EC685303!3#85E!C36467ED.3$%E3D!7C88 3*3 863

%83%#436B!C6EF3'E,!96E353!3D!7C883#85E3F37%E35#43559EC33!#9E63!CE37%6E3,5,EC585338E#6353 7%E3#85E0683%7.3CEECF37%E3BC'#ED38636E##:565373'E38##B6E23853B!C78,9#!CF37%E36#97853863 55958&9E3!53EC436E56878E373586E.337%E3,#!668,!#3#E!676&9!CE63DE7%368##35736C:3BCBEC#43

!536DE36BE,808,3!#3C87%D63%!E373'E3EE#BE.

236F57

635#43!30E638E663!CE338E5F38738635E,E66!C4373857C9,E36DE3!3BC8C83537%E36#9785F369,%3!63

"5&5"

(5)

CE39#!C89!785. 34537%863B!BECF376374BE6303CE39#!C89!7853!CE396E23D858D89!785 303857E568743!53 D!88D89!785 3 0 3 E57CB4. 3 $%E4 3 #E! 3 7 3 6E##:565 3 !#3C87%D6 3 07E5 3 96E 3 85 3 7DA453 CE,567C9,785.3$%E43!CE3'7%387EC!78E3!#3C87%D6.3

$%E308C6735E38637%E3$3!#3C87%D3;E&9!7853E=.3"C3E!,%3B88E#3F37%E530C3E!,%38E#3#23 3!#711!#7+

49

E

%E!E,

9

E

%(E %# 3333333333333;E=

45 3 7%86 3 B!BECF 3 !3 B6878874 3 ,567C!857 3 86 3 !E2 3 !## 3 857E56878E6 3 6%8,% 3 'E,DE 3 5E3!78E 3 9C853 3 7%E3 87EC!7853BC,E663!CE36E73739EC.3$%E3!#3C87%D38637%E53,!##E3B6878E3$3;$F=.3

$%E36E,535E38637%E3D67396E3!#3C87%D237%E3$3!#3C87%D3;E&9!785 3=.3"C3E!,%3B88E# 3F3 7%E530C3E!,%38E#3#23

!#711!#

2

9E

%E!E,

3

+ %# 33333333333333333;=

$%86 3 !#3C87%D 3 86 3 969!##4 3 BCE0ECCE 3 EC 3 $ 3 'E,!96E 3 87 3 86 3 DCE 3 !!B7E 3 7 3 CE,567C9,7 3 6D!##3 ,57C!67E3'7E,76.

453E!,%3!#3C87%DF3µ3863!3CE#!8!7853B!C!DE7EC36%8,%3,!53'E3,%6E53'E76EE53<3!53(.

2'38#86

#!668,!##4F3968533$FF37%E3#9DE386385878!#89E373<F3!53968533$F37%E3#9DE386385878!#89E 3 731.3"##68533>C7%3!538,:E#63;(<<*=37%E385878!#89!785303'7%3!#3C87%D63,!53'E3D!E3687%3!3 '!,:3BC7E,785367EB.3$%ECE3!CE36EEC!#36!46373BEC0CD37%863BEC!785.3"C3!338E538E# 3#F37%E3 ,CCE6B5853 3 857E56874 35 37%E3 8D!3E 3C3 86 338E5 3 '4!#2C31 9

%#D<

%#2C3 .3 $%E6E3857E56878E6 3 ,!5 3'E3 ,DB97E 3 96853 3 7%E 3 800ECE57 3 !BBC88D!7856 3 0C 3*F 3 !6 3 E085E 3 9C853 3 7%E 3 86,CE789!785 3 0 3 7%E3 BC'#ED.3$%E3857E5687433037%E38E#3#3,!53'E3E678D!7E39685336EEC!#3DE7%62

C3E9

803!##3 !#2C3 !CE3B6878EF3.3 C37E83(363#EF6

803!##3 !#2C3 !CE3B6878EF3!#1 1

$CD9

C

!2#C3

C3&F6

!#12EC !# 2C3

31B$CD C37

!#1D85C2!#2C33 3

$%E3BC9,73,C87EC8!36!6396E3'43>C7%3!538,:E#63;(<<*=3!537:85653!53C8!3;(<<+=F36%8#E3 7%E3D853%!63'EE5396E3'43A979E3!53!!63;(<<*=.

2)3*87EF83&696

$%E3,!DEC!63%!E3'EE53B#!,E3535E368E3037%E3#9DE.3$%E43!CE3!##38CE,7E376!C637%E3#9DE3 ,E57ECF 3 !5 3 7%E4 3 !CE 3 86B6E 3 CE39#!C#4 3 5 3 !3 ,8C,#E. 3 $%E 3 B!C!DE7EC 37%!7 3 86 3 ,%!53E 3 86 3 7%E 3 !53#E3 'E76EE537%E35CD!#3737%E3#9DE3!537%E3,!DEC!3#85E0683%7.

2+3,8%3E886

EEC!#3,C87EC8!3!CE396E373E!#9!7E37%E3CE,567C9,7853&9!#874.338637%E3BC7E,7853&9!#874.3473,DB!CE63 7%E3BC7E,7E3#9DE3737%E3C8385!#38D!3E6F3968533!35CD!#89E3,C66,CCE#!785.33,DB!CE63!#6F3 687% 3 ! 3 5CD!#89E 3 ,C66,CCE#!785F 3 7%E 3 CE,567C9,7E 3 #9DE 3 7 3 7%E 3 #9DE 3 96E 3 7 3 D!:E 3 7%E3

"5'5"

(6)

8D!3E6.3$%863,C87EC8538635#43,DB97!'#E30C36457%E78,38D!3E6F36%E537%E36#97853863:565.

'3-F36(35E388

'2A3.%5E378E9

$%E3,E396E373,DB97E37%E36457%E78,38D!3E63!5373CE,567C9,737%E3#9DE63863EE#BE3968533 7%E3FF3#8'C!C43;$CED'#!863(&3;(<1<==.3457%E78,38D!3E63!CE33E5EC!7E3'43BC7E,7853036457%E78,3

#9DE6F39685337%E36!DE3!#3C87%D63!630C3CE,567C9,785.3GECEF3(<<×(<<×<386,CE7E3#9DE63!CE3 96EF3!5308##E3687%36B%EC8,!#3B!C78,#E63687%33!9668!53857E568743BC08#E.3$%E38!DE7EC3!53857E568743 037%E3B!C78,#E63863088E.3$%E3B!C78,#E63!CE3867C8'97E3C!5D#438537%E3#9DE.3$%E3BC7E,78536!63 D!E39685337%E3××2369'8E#3!BBC88D!78530C3*F3853CEC3733E73!333BCE,8685.3$%E3,!DEC!3 ,!53'E3DE3853!##38CE,7856.3$%E3,!#8'C!7853B85%#E3D!7C8,E636ECE33E5EC!7E3'437%E3BC7E,7853 BC3C!D3!5396E30C37%E3CE,567C9,785.3$%ECE0CEF37%E3CE,567C9,7853BC'#ED36!63586E#E66F3!53 7%E3586E3850#9E5,E38635736798E38537%E3BCE6E573B!BEC.

'23/!&EF7E8378E9

$%E3085!#37E6763!CE3D!E353E8BEC8DE57!#38D!3E6F3'7!85E3853!3%4C45!D8,3,#6E#B3,%!55E#3 687%3!3<.13H3<.13DI36E,785.33B9#6E37E73853,C660#630C3!3E45#6359D'EC3; E1-F

. =303 E<< 3 86 3 CE,CE 3 687% 3 09C 31<< 3 8 3 1(<< 3 B88E#6 3 3J4 3 ,!DEC!6 3 ;5EC5E7 3 E7 3 !#.F 3 (<<+=. 3 $%E3 E8BEC8DE57!#3,!DEC!63!CC!53EDE57386338E53853"839CE3(.3

BCDEF/0(F(1(FF(D

$%E 3 0#6 3 86 3 6EEE 3 687% 3 1< 3 KD 3 %##6 3 3#!66 3 B!C78,#E6 3 7 3 '7!85 3 B!C78,#E 3 8D!3E 3 E56874 3 03

!BBC88D!7E#43<.<(3BBB.3$%E3#83%7369C,E3863! 3L9!57E#39'#E,!87432M?3#!6EC3687%3!3B9#6E3 E5EC343031(<3DJ3!53863B#!,E379673!'E37%E36E,785373'E38##9D85!7E.3$%CEE3#!6EC36%EE737%8,:63;F3 (E3!53<DD=3%!E3'EE5385E6783!7E3687%37%E36!DE3B!C78,#E3,5,E57C!785373E8!D85E37%E3#8D876303 6EE8533687%37%E37D3C!B%8,3CE,567C9,7853537%E3E8BEC8DE57F3!537385,CE!6E37%E3850CD!785303 7%E30#63853DCE37%!53%!#03037%E3857EC!,7853#9DE.3$%E378DE3'E76EE53E8B69CE63863<3D6348E#8533

!3D!88D9D37E73B!C78,#E386B#!,EDE57303*3B88E#6. 38:53'7E,78E6303E<3!53<3DD3088E30,!#3

#E537% 3 687% 3 !53 !BEC79CE 3 03 * 3 !5 3 ,%E8DB0#93 3 !!B7EC6 3 !CE3 D957E 3 5 3 E!,% 3 ,!DEC!. 3$%E4 3 !CE3 B#!,E353'7%368E63037%E3,%!55E#3!537%E38E68533!53#E63!CE3!BBC88D!7E#43NEOPM!88638537%E3 1M3B#!5EF3N(<OPM!88638537%E3MQ3B#!5E. 3453CEC373CE9,E37%E3B78,!#3!'ECC!78563,!96E3'437%E3 B!66!3E 3 7%C93% 3 7%E 3 !8CR#793#!6R6!7EC 3 8B7CE 3 ;!##9!9 3 !5 3 !8F 3(<<=F 3 BC86D6 3 08##E 3 687%3 6!7EC3!CE3#!83973!3!856737%E30!,E63037%E3%4C45!D8,3,%!55E#.3

7308C67F3!3#9D8,3,!#8'C!7853863!BB#8E373E085E37%E37C!560CD!7853'E76EE537%E3,!DEC!3CE0ECE5,E63

"525"

Q 1 M

(7)

!537%E3'7E,73CE0ECE5,E.339'#E368E3B#!7E38636,!55E37%C93%37%E3#9DE3853EB7%38CE,7853'43E3 DD 3 67EB 3 0C 3 6EEC!# 3 B687856 3 7 3 '7!85 3 7%E 3 6!DE 3 #,!7856 3 5 3 !## 3 7%E 3 ,!DEC!6. 3 "C 3 E!,% 3 0#63 E8B69CEF37%E3B!C78,#E3#9DE3863CE,567C9,7E3'43!BB#485337%E3800ECE573BCEBC,E668533BCE896#43 E6,C8'E. 3$%E3867C8'9785303#83%73857E56874 38568E386,CE789E 3#9DE6303689E3!C48533'E76EE53 22HH1(E 3 !5 3 1EEH+*H(E 3 8E#6 3 86 3 48E#E 3 !5 3 96E 3 7 3 E!#9!7E 3 7%E 3 7%CEE8DE5685!#3 86B#!,EDE576 3 '4 3 3 ,C66,CCE#!785 3 0 3 #9DE6 3 E87C!,7E 3 !7 3 7 3 !5 3 7F∆7. 3 5 3 87EC!78E 3 #9DE3 ,CCE#!78537E,%58&9E3CE79C563EHH23E#,8743E,7C63;0C3!3(EDD3#9DE3687%=3968533!3085!#3 857ECC3!7853#9DE3689E303*H*H*38E#63687%32ES3EC#!B.

BCDEF23&C5C&"("34#FCC5C11EF(1E"%C56156156%C"%1("789#F&(

)23CE99

)2A3.%5E378E9

$%E308C6737E673,5,EC5637%E3#9DE386,CE789!785.3$%E3B!C!DE7EC36798E38637%E3C!783'E76EE537%E3 CE,567C9,7E3#9DE38E#3689E3!537%E3C8385!#3#9DE38E#3689E3;6%8,%3,CCE6B56373!3C!783 B88E#P8E#3689E3E&9!#3731=.3$%E3CE69#73863BCE6E57E3853.3$%E3&9!#8743037%E3CEBC7E,7853863BCE6E57E3 0C37%CEE3,!6E62385878!#89!78535#4F3!36853#E387EC!7853!5308E387EC!7856.3$%E38D!3E3BC7E,7853&9!#8743 E,CE!6E6 3 6%E5 3 7%E 3 8E# 3 689E 3 C!78 3 86 3 3CE!7EC 3 7%!5 3 5E. 3 >%E5 3 87 3 86 3 #6EC 3 7%!5 3 5EF 3 87 3 DE!56 3 EC6!DB#853.307EC37%E385878!#89!785F 37%E3&9!#874 385,CE!6E63687%3EC6!DB#853F 36%8#E3873'E,DE63 BB687E36%E53$387EC!7856359D'EC385,CE!6E6.34533E5EC!#F3873863B668'#E373,5,#9E37%!738E#3 689E3C!7836%9#3'E3,#6E3731.35,EC585337%E3#9DE3&9!#874F38738635E!C#43,567!573'E76EE5313!53 1.F36%8#E3873863D9,%3#6EC39768E37%863857EC!#.3$%!73DE!5637%!73873863'E77EC3736#83%7#4395EC6!DB#E 3 7%E3CE,567C9,7E3#9DE3853CEC3738DBCE37%E3#9DE3&9!#874F3EE538037%E3CEBC7E,7853&9!#8743863 6#83%7#43#6EC.

$%E385878!#89!785367EB38637%E36E,53BEC!78538537%E3#9DE3CE,567C9,7853!#3C87%D.3$%E3&9!#8743 037%E3CE,567C9,7853863E!#9!7E3!07EC37967385878!#89!78535#43;"839CE3E=F3!53!07EC313C3E3$3 87EC!78563;"839CE3=.3$%E385878!#89!785378DE3863,568ECE3;"839CE32=.3

"5(5"

(8)

BCDEF 5 0(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C%C#4&1C F(C

3

BCDEF80(FC1:E(&C5F1FEC (F;(,FCF(C&5

3

3

BCDEF<0(FC1:E(&C5F1FEC (F ;(,FC F(C (" 8 =>?@

CF(C1

BCDEF710(FC1CF1FEC

07EC313$367EBF37%E3D853DE7%3863678##37%E3'E67F3'973D85P8CE,7F3BC9,738CE,73!53DE!53803553 9ECP8CE,73!CE3796736#83%7#43'E#63D85P#85E!C3!53D85P69'8E#.3$%E36879!78538636#83%7#43800ECE573

!07EC 3 E3$387EC!785623 $%E3 9580CD3 85878!#89!785 3 8637%E3'E6735E.3 5EC43,#6E3!CE37%E3,9B#E6 3 DE!580559ECP8CE,7F3D85P8CE,7F3BC9,7P8CE,7F 37E67P8CE,7F3!536#83%7#43'E#6F3D85P#85E!C 3!53 D85P69'8E#.3$%E3B!C78!#3,5,#968538637%!73,#!668,!#3$38636#83%7#43'E77EC3687%3E387EC!7856F3'973 6%E537%E385878!#89!785396E63'!,:3BC7E,785F38CE,73BC7E,785F3!538533E5EC!#3D853DE7%F3!CE3!#63 'E77EC 3 !5 3 7%E 3 ,5EC3E5,E 3 86 3 0!67EC 3 7%!5 3 ,#!668,!# 3 $. 3 47 3 86 3 8DBC7!57 3 7 3 ,568EC 3 !#6 3 7%E3 ,DB97!785378DE.

07EC37967385878!#89!785F37%E3'E673'!,:3BC7E,7853DE7%30C37%E3#9DE3&9!#87438637%E3D853!#3C87%DF3 7%E537%E3BC9,735E.3"C37%E3CEBC7E,7853&9!#874F3873863#E663'896F3EE538037%E3D8536EED6373'E3 'E77EC.3568EC85337%E3,DB97!785378DEF37%E3,D'85!78563687%37%E38CE,73BC7E,7853DE7%3!CE3 0!67EC37%!537%E39580CD385878!#89!785.3)9737%E3,DB97!785378DE3EBE563537%E3B!C78,#E6359D'EC3 6%E5385878!#89!7853863559580CDF37%E530C3%83%3B!C78,#E63E56874F37%E3,5,#96853,!53'E3800ECE57.3

$%E3CE69#763!07EC3E387EC!785630C37%E3,!6E63D85P8CE,73!539580CD3!CE369DD!C89E385 3@(;&3 !53

@(;&/.

"5)5"

(9)

$%E3,DB97!785378DE33!8538638DBC7!5730C3#636EE8533!537%E3&9!#8743#6638636E!:F3'9730C3EC4 3

%83%36EE853F3873863BC'!'#43'E77EC37396E39580CD385878!#89!785.

$%E 3 BCE896 3 !97%C6 3 %!E 3 96E 3 5#4 3 $F 3 '97 3 87 3 86 3 857ECE67853 3 7 3 ,DB!CE 3 687% 3 7%E 3 $F3

!#3C87%D.3$%E3CE#!8!7853B!C!DE7EC3D9673'E3B78D89E3853CEC373,5EC3E376!C63!36#9785F3853 7%E30!67E673!536!0E6736!43B668'#E.3"C3$FF37%E3'E673CE#!8!7853B!C!DE7EC3863!#6!463(.3"839CE3*3 BCE6E57637%E3,9CE3037%E3'E673CE#!8!7853B!C!DE7EC3!63!3095,7853037%E3$367EB3!537%E3&9!#8743 74BE3;853CEF37%E3CEBC7E,7853&9!#874F3!538533CEE5F37%E3#9DE35E=.3"CD37%8630839CEF3873863,#E!C37%!7 3 ,568EC8533#9DE3&9!#874F37%E3CE#!8!7853B!C!DE7EC36%9#3'E3!C953130C3!30E6387EC!7856F3!53 6%E537%E359D'EC30387EC!7856385,CE!6E6F37%E3$3CE#!8!7853B!C!DE7EC36%9#3'E3E,CE!6EF3!63 7%E3!#3C87%D3'E,DE63#E66367!'#E.34035E36!5763738DBCE37%E3CEBC7E,7853&9!#874F37%E3CE#!8!7853 B!C!DE7EC36%9#3'E33CE!7EC3;!C9531.=.

D85P#85E!C 9580CD

+.S +.*S

78DE (*D853<6 <D85326

@(;&AE(&C5("E(CC(FC1CB"CF ("ECFCCC(&C (C"1FCCC(FC&1

D85P#85E!C 9580CD

*.S 2E.<S

78DE D8536 <D85316

@(;&/AE(&C5("E(CC(FC1CB"CF ("ECFCCC(&C (C"1F8CCC(FC&1

3

BCDEF 6 D1 :E(&C5 F1FEC F&(4(C (F(F#&EC%CE;F=>?@11

BCDEFE10(FC1>?@("=>?@(&DFC1

473863857ECE67853373,568EC3763CEBCE6E57!78E3,!6E63736EE37%E3,5EC3E5,E3E#,8743!53&9!#874.3

"839CE 3 +3 BCE6E576 3 69,% 3 ! 3 ,DB!C865. 3 $%E 3 $F 3 CE#!8!785 3 B!C!DE7EC 3 863 E&9!# 3 7 3 (F 3 6%8#E 3 7%E3

$B635E38631373B78D89E3#9DE3CE,567C9,7853&9!#874.

$%E3$F3!#3C87%D3,5EC3E63DCE367!'#43'973!#63DCE36#6#4376!C63!3!#9E36%8,%3863'E77EC3 0C37%E3CEBC7E,7853&9!#874F3'9736C6E30C37%E3#9DE3&9!#874.3$%E3$3!#3C87%D38630!67ECF3'973873 D967 3 'E 3 67BBE 3 !07EC 3 ! 3 0E6 3 59D'EC6 3 0 3 87EC!7856 3 ;6%8,% 3 D!4 3 !C4=. 3 T7%EC686EF 3 7%E 3 &9!#8743 6,8##!7E63!537%E3CE#!8!7853B!C!DE7EC36%9#3'E3E,CE!6E3!637%E367EB385,CE!6E6.34533E5EC!#F3$3 863BCE0ECCEF3!537%E387EC!7856359D'EC35EEC3E8,EE63E.

"5#5"

(10)

$%E 3 BC7E,785 3 B!C!DE7EC 3 86 3 !5 3 8DBC7!57 3 5E 3 7 3 6794F 3 !6 3 7%E 3 85878!#89!785 3 !#3C87%D. 3 $%E3 85878!#89!785 3863088E37 37%E3,9B#E3D85P#85E!C. 3$%E 3"839CE31<3 !5 3"839CE311BCE6E5737%E3&9!#8743 CE69#763!07EC3CE6BE,78E#4313!53E387EC!7856.3

07EC 3 !3 6853#E 3 87EC!785F 3 7%E 3 CE69#7 3 86 3 7%E 3 'E67 3 0C 3 69'8E# 3 !#3C87%DF 3 !5 3 87 3 85,CE!6E6 3 687% 3 7%E3 59D'EC30369'8E#6.3$%E3#85E!C3!#3C87%D3863E&98!#E573737%E369'8E#3(H(H(.39'B88E#3EHE3!53 C!437C!,853338E63!#D6737%E36!DE3&9!#874.3

07EC308E387EC!7856F37%E37E5E5,4367!4637%E36!DE.3-85E!C3!#3C87%D3863E&98!#E5737369'8E#3HH3 C3EE53HH(.34537ECD6303&9!#874F37%E43!CE37%E35E637%!736%9#3'E3CE7!85E.34738638DBC7!57373 ,568EC3!#637%E3,DB97!785378DE.347386338E53853"839CE31(.

473863'89637%!737%E369'8E#3!#3C87%D3863EC4378DE3,569D853.3$%E3#85E!C3!#3C87%D3863!73#E!673 768,E30!67EC3;0C369'8E#3HH=.3!437C!,85338636#83%7#430!67EC37%!537%E3#85E!C3DE7%3;<S=F3'973!63 7%E3&9!#8743863#6ECF37%E3#85E!C3DE7%3863!333,DBCD86E3'E76EE53&9!#8743!53,DB97!785378DE.

BCDEF C 0(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C%CFC"(F=>?@1

BCDEF 10(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C%CFC"(F8=>?@11

$%E359D'EC303,!DEC!63863!#63!538DBC7!573B!C!DE7EC.3$%E3"839CE31338E637%E3&9!#8743CE69#730C3!3 7%ECE78,!#3B!C78,#E3E568743@<.<E36%8,%3!3,#!668,!#3!#9E.3$%E385878!#89!7853!53E3$367EB63

!CE3BCE6E57E.3(39B373*3,!DEC!638E663%!E3'EE5368D9#!7E.34533E5EC!#F37%E3&9!#874385,CE!6E63687%3 7%E359D'EC303,!DEC!6.3473863#E663'89630C33,!DEC!6F3'9737%ECE3,!53'E367!78678,!#3ECCC639E3737%E3 6BE,808, 3 B!C78,#E6 3 ,50839C!785. 3 57%EC 3 ,%8,E 3 0 3 B!C78,#E6 3 ,9# 3 ,%!53E 3 ! 3 #877#E 3 '87 3 7%E 3 CE69#7.3 546!4F 3 687% 3 09C 3 ,!DEC!6F 3 7%E 3 &9!#874 3 #EE# 3 0C 3 7%E 3 #9DE 3 86 3 !'E 3 *<S 3 E8,EB7 3 0C 3 7%E3 85878!#89!785F37%ECE0CE3873863!#CE!4333E593%3733E73!333,CCE#!785.3

$%E3E00E,73 037%E3 B!C78,#E6 3E56874 3 %!63 !#63 'EE53 85E6783!7E 3 85 3"839CE3 1.3453 7%863 0839CEF3 7%CEE3 B!C78,#E3E56878E63%!E3'EE5396E23<.<(EF3<.<E3!53<.1(E.3$%E3&9!#874385,CE!6E63687%37%E3,!DEC!63 59D'EC. 3 403 7%E3#8D87 30 32ES 386 3,568ECEF 3 0C3 7%E3#6E673 6EE853 3,5,E57C!785F 3 3,!DEC!6 3!CE3 E593%F36%8#E30C37%E3857ECDE8!7E3,5,E57C!785F309C3,!DEC!63!CE35EEEF3!53!73#E!67308E3,!DEC!63

!CE35EEE30C37%E3%83%E673,5,E57C!785.

"5*5"

(11)

BCDEF/0(FC1E(CC#(FC(C

%CFC"F8=>?@11

BCDEF 210(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C%C(F(E;FF%CGCC8H

$%E3!53#E3'E76EE537%E3,!DEC!63863!#63!C8E3853"839CE31E.3$%E3,!DEC!63!53#E38637%E3!53#E303E!,%3 ,!DEC!3687%37%E35CD!#3737%E3#9DE.3"CD37%8630839CEF3873863,#E!C37%!737%ECE3863!53B78D!#3!53#EF3'973 7%ECE 3 86 3 !3 B#!7E!9 3 !C95 3 7%86 3 !#9E 3 6%8,% 3 858,!7E6 3 7%E3 B668'8#874 3 7 3 ,%!53E 3 7%E3 ,!DEC! 3 !53#E3

!BBC88D!7E#43'E76EE53<3!53EO3687%973,%!538533C!D!78,!##437%E3CE,567C9,7E3#9DE3&9!#874.3

$%E3CEBC7E,7853&9!#8743863573D9,%3!00E,7E3'437%E3!53#E3!C8!785F3E8,EB730C3#!C3E3!53#E6.

BCDEF 5 0(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C (F 8 =>?@ CF(C1 %C (F(

E;FFGCC/87CC87C/8H

BCDEF 810(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C%C(F(1;1F#(C(D&

$%E3E00E,73037%E36EE8533,5,E57C!7853537%E3&9!#8743%!63'EE53'6ECE3BCE896#4F3'9738738637%E3 ,E57EC 3 0 3 0,96 3 85 3"839CE 3 1. 3 $%E 3 CE,567C9,7E 3 #9DE 3 &9!#874 3 86 3 E,CE!6853 3 C!B8#4 3 6%E5 3 7%E3 B!C78,#E63,5,E57C!785386385,CE!6853.34738637C9E3!73!##3$367EB.3)9737%E3CEBC7E,7E3&9!#8743E63 57 3 ,%!53E 3 D9,%. 3 $%!7 3 DE!56 3 7%!7 3 87 3 86 3 57 3 CE!##4 3 CEBCE6E57!78E 3 0 3 7%E 3 #9DE 3 CE,567C9,7853

&9!#874.3$%E3#8D873032ES3033863CE!,%E30C3!3B!C78,#E3BEC38E#359D'EC3#@<.<<12.3$%E37%ECE78,!#3 3,CCE6B58533!#9E3863@<.<E(.

"51!5"

(12)

BCDEF < 0(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C%C(FC&E;F

BCDEF 710(FC1 F1FEC :E(&C5

#(FC(C%C(FC&1C

$%863#8D873863!00E,7E3'437%E3B!C78,#E638!DE7EC.3$%E3"839CE312338E637%E3&9!#8743!C8!7853687%37%E3 B!C78,#E638!DE7EC.3$%ECE3863!53B78D9D3!C95338E#63689E30C37%E3CE,567C9,7E3#9DE3&9!#8743

!07EC3!73#E!673!3$367EBF36%8#E37%E3B78D9D3863!C953(30C37%E385878!#89!785.35,EC585337%E3 CEBC7E,7853&9!#874F387385,CE!6E63687%37%E3B!C78,#E63689EF36%E538633CE!7EC37%!53(.

)23/!&EF7E8378E9

5#9DE6 3%!E3'EE5 3,DB97E 3 96853 36EEC!#3800ECE57 3B!C!DE7EC6 3 !53 ,CCE#!7E 3 687%3 *H*H*3 685663!532ES3EC#!BF3687%973E0CD!7856.3$%E3%!63'EE53,DB97E3538D!3E6F3'E,!96E3 7%E377!#3#9DE3036!7EC 396E39C853 37%E3E8BEC8DE5736!638008,9#7373E678D!7E3BCE,86E#4. 3$%CEE3 800ECE573#9DE37%8,:5E66E636ECE396E23DDF3(EDD3!53<DD.3$%E33!#9E636ECE3CE6BE,78E#43 E678D!7E3!63<.<1*(F3<.<1**3!53<.<1*+F36%8,%3DE!5637%!737%E3#9DE36!636!79C!7E3687%3B!C78,#E6.3

$%!73!#63DE!5637%!738738638008,9#7373E!#9!7E37%E3B!C78,#E63,5,E57C!78538537%E3#9DE35#430CD3 8D!3E6.3$%E3#9DE63,!53'E3,CCE#!7E3687%3(H(H(36856630C37%E37%CEE37%8,:5E66E6.3$%E3D!853 7E67 3 %!6 3 'EE5 3 BEC0CDE 3 5 3 7%E 3 (EDD 3 7%8,: 3 DE!69CEDE576. 3 D53 3 7%E 3 6EEC!# 3 CE,567C9,7853 ,50839C!785636798EF36DE3037%ED3,9#3573#E!373!3,CCE#!78523CE,567C9,7853687%3538D!3E3 BCEBC,E66853F 3 C 3 687% 3 7 3 D9,% 3 EC6!DB#853 3 C 3 687%97 3 85878!#89!785. 3 $%E 3 'E67 3 CE69#76 3 !CE3 '7!85E3687%3!3?!9668!5308#7EC3853CEC373E5#!C3E37%E3B!C78,#E6.3$%!73,!53DE!537%!737%E3,!DEC!3 ,!#8'C!785 3 86 3 BEC0E,78'#E 3 C 3 7%!7 3 7%E 3 B!C78,#E6 3 !CE 3 7 3 6D!##. 3 $%E 3 CE69#76 3 !CE 3 'E77EC 3 6%E5 3 7%E3 '!,:3C953863E#8D85!7E3'437%E369'67C!,7853037%E3D858D9D38D!3E3,DB97E3537%E378DE36EC8E6F3C3 7%E3!EC!3E38D!3E.3$%E3D!853CE!653863BC'!'#437%E3BCE6E5,E30367C533CE0#E,78563537%E38D!3E6.3473 6EED637%!738537%863,!6E303%83%3B!C78,#E63E56878E6F3873863DCE38DBC7!5737385878!#89E37%E3#9DE37%!53 73BEC0CD3D!543$387EC!7856.3$%E6E3,5,#9685636%9#3'E3'!#!5,E3687%37%EC3E8BEC8DE5763!73

#6EC3E56878E6.

+23*696

00E,76303800ECE573B!C!DE7EC63%!E3'EE537E67E353#9DE3CE,567C9,7853!#3C87%D638537%863B!BEC.3

$%E3#9DE386,CE789!7853%!63'EE536798E.3TEC6!DB#85336%9#3'E3#8D87E3'973873863B668'#E373 6#83%7#4395EC6!DB#E.3 800ECE573!BBC88D!78563037%E3857EC!,7853'E76EE537%E3#9DE373CE,567C9,73

!5 3 7%E3 8D!3E6 3 %!E3 'EE5 3 6798E 3 !53 %!E3 6%653 7%E3 850#9E5,E 3 0 3 !3 3 3 BC7E,785 3 BEC!7C3 86,CE789!785 3 7 3 85,CE!6E 3 7%E 3 &9!#874 3 0 3 7%E 3 #9DE. 3 3 68DB#E 3 #85E!C 3 !BBC88D!785 3 86 3 ! 3 33

"5115"

(13)

,DBCD86E3'E76EE53,DB97!78536BEE3!53CE,567C9,7853&9!#874.3$%E3#9DE385878!#89!7853!#63 850#9E5,E637%E3CE,567C9,7853&9!#874.35,EC58533E8BEC8DE57!#3CE69#76F3BCEBC,E6685337%E38D!3E63'43 69'67C!,7853 3 7%E 3 !EC!3E 3 C 3 7%E 3 D858D9D 3 3CE4 3 #EE# 3 8D!3E6 3 8DBCE6 3 !#6 3 7%E 3 &9!#874 3 0 3 7%E3 CE,567C9,7E3#9DE.3)9737%E3D673C!D!78,3E00E,73863'7!85E3968533!33!9668!5308#7EC3853CEC373 E5#!C3E37%E3B!C78,#E3689E.3$3!#3C87%D36EED63DCE30!C!'#E30C37%E3CE,567C9,785.3"85!##4F3!63 7%E3#!6EC36%EE737%8,:5E66385,CE!6E6F37%E3CE,567C9,7853&9!#8743E,CE!6E63BC3CE668E#43'9737%E3&9!#8743 6EED637 3'E3!,,EB7!'#E30C39C3800ECE5737%8,:5E66E6F 3EE5380 37%E3#8D87 3863BC'!'#43,#6E37%E37%E3 7%8,:E6735E.

061EE7E93$%8636C:3863095E3B!C78!##43'437%E317%3A3!537%E33545 .3$%E8C369BBC763

!CE33CE!7#43!,:56#E3E.

CE(EFEE9

37:8565 3 !5 3 J3C8!. 3 5 3 E008,8E57 3 68D9#7!5E96 3 CE,567C9,785 3 7E,%58&9E 3 0C 3 7D3C!B%8,3 B!C78,#E38D!3E3E#,8DE7C4.3!4CB&EC"1F322EERE*F3(<<+.

3!##9!9F3-3 !8.37ECE6,B8,3A!C78,#E34D!3E35E#,8DE7C43DE!69CEDE5763037%E30#63!C953!3 69C0!,E3D957E3'#,:.!4CB&EC"13;1=2E1F3(<<.

?3#6853!F 3 "3,!C!5F 3 )3>8E5E:EF 3 !5 3 )>3!5 3 T9%E96E5. 3 $D3C!B%8, 3 B!C78,#E 3 8D!3E3 E#,8DE7C4.3!4CB&EC"1F312+R+2F3(<<.

3?C5F 3 3)E5ECF 3 !5 3 ?$3GECD!5. 3 #3E'C!8, 3 CE,567C9,785 3 7E,%58&9E6 3 ;!C7= 3 0C 3 7%CEE 8DE5685!#3E#E,7C53B8,C,B43!538C!43B%73C!B%4.3I@FDC&F3(+221F31+2<.

"3-!D!C,%E3!533-EC4.3!#9!7853037%E3#9DE303857EC6E,785303!36B%ECE3687%3!3,4#85EC3'43 E##8B78,3857E3C!#6.30EJ510EF3E+2E+R+F31++<.

3AE7C!F33,%CUECF3!533,%5UCC.32@DF(5FB%JFC1C!4FC(&B&EC"

5(C1F3B!3E63R2(.3BC853ECF3(<<+.

$3A979E 3 !5 3 G?3!!6. 3 3 E7ECD85!785 3 0 3 EC4 3 E56E 3 B!C78,#E 3 E#,874 3 08E#6 3 '4 3 7D3C!B%8,3 CE,567C9,78530CD309C3,!DEC!638E663!538E#36B!,E37C!,:853.3453AJ?ADF1173&1113 (FD80C11C3F3B!3E63R*F3)E87853F3(<<*.

)3$CED'#!86F3-3 !8F3 3CC8!9#7F3J3 D'CEF3-.3%!7E##8EC3!53-3$%D!6.3-4A238DB#E3-8'C!C43 0C 3 4D!3E 3 AC,E66853 3 ;5EC685 3 1.<=F 3%77B2PP666.68,.6B(D8.958B878EC6.0CP6#8BPF 3 58EC687 3 E3 A878EC6F3"C!5,EVF3(<1<.

35EC5E7F3-.$%D!6F3A.3)C!9F3-. !8.3$8DECE6#E368D9#7!5E963A45A-4"3!53C7%35!#3 A-4"3DE!69CEDE5763853!3B9#6E37E73853,C660#6. 36F(C(&A51CEJ(FC&(D 3&CF5F3E#'9C5EF358,7C8!F3967C!#8!F3939673(E(*F3(<<+

3>C7% 3 !5 3 $)38,:E#6. 3 ,,E#EC!785 3 0 3 7DB8 3 '4 3 E678D!7853 3 7%E 3 85878!# 3 #9DE 3 857E568743 867C8'9785.3!4CB&EC"1F3E;E=2*2R*EF3(<<*.

"51%5"

Références

Documents relatifs

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des