The "High Policing" Privatization Hypothesis, and how to Explore it

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Submitted on 23 Oct 2012

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to Explore it

Frédéric Ocqueteau

To cite this version:

Frédéric Ocqueteau. The ”High Policing” Privatization Hypothesis, and how to Explore it. Penal

Field, 2012, IX, http://champpenal.revues.org/8313. �hal-00744392�

1234566578543579AB58ACB92AC657D57E89F9A26295

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Actes de colloque/Conference Proceedings – L’œuvre singulière d’un penseur cosmopolite : Hommages à Jean-Paul Brodeur

The “High Policing”

Privatization Hypothesis, and How to Explore It

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65380 7 05849E50 7 6 7 C83F5AB5 7 038 7 65 7 EC8CEB985 7 D-69ECB 7 D5 7 6&/='2B/905 7 D&3A5 7 '894CB90CB92A 7 D5 6&9A;28FCB92A 7 D-B5A35 7 'C8 7 650 7 D9458050 7 C5AE50 7 D5 7 85A059A5F5AB0 7 D5 7 6&BCB7 7 CBB8913B 7 D5 023458C9A5B- 7 A2A 7 4-89BC165F5AB 7 5ABCF- 7 %C 7 8-4263B92A 7 (39 7 E2A458B98C9B 7 65 7 E2:B 7 D3 85A059A5F5AB 7 '3169E 7 4F969BC985 7 23 7 '269E9585 7 '82B-5CAB 7 650 7 9A0B9B3B92A0 7 5A 7 '89. 7 < 7 'C=58 7 C3 85A059A5F5AB 7 '894- 7 '82B-5CAB 7 6C 7 0-E389B- 7 D5 7 6&5AB85'8905 7 5B 7 E5665 7 D5 7 050 7 E695AB0 7 A&C 7 'C0 4-89BC165F5AB 7 E2FF5AE- 7 A 7 '53B 7 A-CAF29A0 7 5A 7 85'-858 7 (356(350 7 '8-F90050 7 'C8F9 7 650 C5AE507D9B50727D&9AB56695AE57-E2A2F9(357377195A7(3576C7'63'C8B7D57653807E2AB8CB070295AB769-0 C3.79AD30B89507D576&C8F5F5AB7E2AB8>6-507'C876507-BCB0*FC82807D37F9A90B9857D576C7-;5A05

#/57'C'587FC?507C769B58C679AB58'85BCB92A72;7)5CA*+C367,82D538&07850'2A057B27B/57@28?72;7B@2 ,89B90/70E/26C8072A7B/57'894CB9ACB92A72;727/9/7'269E9A73742879AB56695AE5*65D7'269E9A57,396D9A 2A 7 85AE/ 7 5F'989EC6 7 8505C8E/7 7 @5 7 D90E300 7 B/5 7 12D=7 2; 7 ?A2@65D5 7 E85CB5D 7 1=7 5.'6289A 7 B/5 D945809B= 7 2; 7 12B/ 7 B/5 7 E30B2F58 7 1C05 7 2; 7 '894CB5 7 05E389B= 7 C5AE950 7 CAD 7 B/5 7 9AB58AC6 7 0C;5B=

D5'C8BF5AB072;705A09B9457E28'28CB92A07B/CB7FC=785(39857B/598705849E507B57D90E3007B/57D569ECB5 ACB38572;7B/57'2B5AB9C67'894CB9ACB92A72;7B/579A;28FCB92A7/56D71=7B/574C8923072;;9E9C679AB56695AE5 C5AE95077CA7CBB8913B572;70245859AB=7A2B705892306=73AD58F9A5D7027;C87#/57854263B92A7/C07A2B

=5B7155A79A9B9CB5D7B/CB7@9667E2A458B7B/57E20B72;7'3169E74F969BC8=7287'269E9A579AB56695AE5C@/9E/

907F5CAB7B27'82B5EB7B/579A0B9B3B92A0C9AB27C7'89E57B27157'C9D7B27'894CB579AB56695AE57E2F'CA950 C@/20572C67907B27'82B5EB7B/5705E389B=72;7E28'28CB92A07CAD7B/5987E30B2F5807D2@54587705458C6

;28583AA5807ECA7157D5B5EB5D79A7B/5702*EC665D7E5E2A2F9E79AB56695AE5F7E2FF3A9B=77C6B/23/7B/5=

FC9A6=7E2AB8CEB7@9B/70BCB5*E2AB82665D7C8F079AD30B8=7CEB2807D985EB6=7FCAC5D71=7B/57F9A90B8=72;

5;5A0570BC;;

67892A3BCDE7CAF

Index de mots-clés : '894CB90CB92A77)5CA*+C367,82D5387750'92AAC579AD30B895677/C3B57'269E57 FC8E/-07D576C70-E389B-77'269E507D5785A059A5F5AB07705E85B77023458C9A5B-7ACB92AC65

Index by keyword : )5CA*+C367,82D538779AD30B89C6750'92AC577/9/7'269E9A7705E389B=7FC8?5B07 9AB56695AE5*65D7'269E9A77'894CB9ACB92A7705E85B77ACB92AC670245859AB=

Notes de la rédaction

#8CA06CB92A71=78CAG290*C49587+89238

AF8ABE7829

)5CA*+C367,82D5387/CD7854909B5D7/90705F9AC67HIJ7C8B9E6572A7/9/7CAD762@7'269E9A 4,82D5387 7 HIJ5 7 9A 7 C 7 I 7 'C'58 7 '31690/5D 7 ;28 7 B/5 7 KB/ 7 CAA94580C8= 7 90035 7 2;

123435676839 A 4,82D5387 7 I5

7 7 @/9E/ 7 /5 7 B/5A 7 305D7 7 C;B58 7 ;38B/58 7 85@28?7 7 ;28 E/C'B5807L7CAD7I72;7/9076BCDA4E85C4 74,82D5387757#/585790785C02A7B271569545 B/CB7/57@C07D38C16=79F'85005D71=7&5966=7CAD7"66902A&074M579D5C77@/9E/7/57/CD 0BC8B5D 7 '8219A 7 5C8A50B6=7 7 09AE5 7 B/505 7 0E/26C80 7 /CD 7 B/5F056450 7 F5CAB 7 B2 7 B50B 7 B/5 /53890B9E 7 85654CAE5 7 2; 7 /90 7 2@A 7 ;CF230 7 HIJ 7 C83F5AB

7 D2@5458 7 D51CBC165 7 B/5 /90B289EC6 7 823AD9A 7 2; 7 B/5 7 'C'587 7 )5CA*+C36 7 ,82D538 7 0/236D 7 15 7 945A 7 E85D9B 7 ;28 /C49A7B895D7B2785C02A765007C07C7/90B289CA7B/CA7C07C7'269B9EC670E95AB90B7E2AE58A5D7@9B/

B/57'820'5EB9457;956D72;7E0BCB57'82B5EB92AF7287E0245859AB=7'269E9AF7N79A72B/587@28D07

@9B/9A 7 B/5 7 '269E9A 7 0'5EB83F 7 2; 7 B/5 7 D2F50B9E 7 '82B5EB92A 7 CAD 7 D5;5A05 7 2; 7 '3169E 9A0B9B3B92A071=7E05E85B705849E50O9AB56695AE57C5AE950E

1

D907I7C83F5AB79AE63D5D7B/8557?5=7'82'209B92A075F'989EC66=77@/9657/57182CD6=

C855D72A7B/575.90B5AE572;703E/7C7B/9A7C07B/57'894CB57287'894CB9A5D7;28F72;7E/9/

'269E9AF 7 0350B5D 7 CAD 7 D50E8915D 7 1= 7 /90 7 2''2A5AB07 7 /5 7 E2A09D585D 7 B/CB 7 ;38B/58 8505C8E/7@C0 7A55D5D7B27D9;;585AB9CB579B 7;82F7B/57;956D72;7E'3169E7/9/7'269E9AF779A 28D587B2765C45715/9AD7B/570=FF5B89EC67287C0=FF5B89EC67E/C8CEB5872;7B/570B8369A 5AB9B9507E2AE58A5D77CA7900357B/CB7E236D7A2B71575AB9856=78502645D71=7B/57/=189D9ACB92A72;

B/5987850'5EB9457C5AB07#27/9F77'269E9A7C''82CE/507@236D7D9;;587A2B72A6=7C07'587B/5 ACB385 7 2; 7 B/5 7 FCADCB5 7 2; 7 B/5 7 '269E9A 7 495 7 5A;28E5F5AB5 7 28CA9ACB92A07 7 13B C602CF20B79F'28BCAB6=7FC=15C9A7B58F072;7B/57D9;;589A7'82;965072;7B/5987850'5EB945 EE30B2F580F

2

#/90 7 90035 7 2; 7 /2@ 7 B2 7 D9;;585AB9CB5 7 12B/ 7 05EB280 7 @966 7 15 7 D5C6B 7 @9B/ 7 9A 7 B/5 E2FF5ABC895071562@7B/823/7CA79A45AB28=72;7B/57B8CD9B92AC67E/9/7'269E9AF7E30B2F58 1C0577;2662@5D71=7C7D90E30092A72;7B/579003507CB70BC?579A78505C8E/9A7B/57/='2B/509072;

B/5 7 8CD3C6 7 0/9;B 7 B2@C8D 7 C 7 F64B79 A 6 A B673F35835CD23E7 A EF3339D 7 85*E5AB585D

@9B/9A 7 B/5 7 D2F50B9E 7 28D58 7 2; 7 PBCB50 7 9AC66=7 7 7 0/C66 7 15 7 6C=9A 7 B/5 7 ;23ADCB92A0 7 2;

;38B/58 7 8505C8E/ 7 9AB2 7 B/5 7 9AB58D5'5AD5AE950 7 CF2A 7 ;28F58 7 C8F= 7 CAD 7 '269E5 7 0BC;;

'38039A7A5@7EC855807C07FCAC58072;7B/5705E389B=7D5'C8BF5AB072;76C8579AB58ACB92AC6 E28'28CB92A0

3

B/CB7303C66=7;55D07B/57B/5F572;7B/57'894CB9ACB92A72;705E389B=705849E507907B/578CB/58 E2A05A03C679D5C7B/CB7;28F587C8F=7CAD7'269E570BC;;7C857850'2A09165712B/7;2870'C8?9A B/579AE5'B92A72;7C7E2FF3A9B=72;7E05E389B=7120050F7CAD7;28728CA9A9A7CAD7FCAC9A7C A5@ 7'8265BC89CB 7 2; 7B/5 703845966CAE5 72;7 '52'657 CAD 722D07 $ 785E5AB 7122? 7C123B 7B/5 09B3CB92A79A7$85AB9AC74C6EC8E57777LL*MQ57E65C86=7D50E8915D7B/57198B/72;703E/7C E2FF3A9B=79A7B/CB7E23AB8=749C7B/57D2E9839DA6A299B76495A6A62492AB673F9AE5 E24 A DE A 6 A 6C5 A 35 A 9 A D9FC23 A 35CD2 A E5 A 9F65643FE77 A 4629 A E62E79 DBEF9A6AB269DD365E7AEF33AE5A4929A29329495A264AF337AD923F97$B7B/570CF5 B9F577B/907C3B/287C835077C7A5@7'8265BC89CB72;703845966CAE57/C075F585D770/C'5D79A 'C8B 7 1= 7 B/505 7A5@7 05E389B= 7 5AB85'85A5380 7 @/2 71823/B7 9A 7B/5987 4E5E89495 A E5 9F53FE7AD377D

4

PB96677B/576CBB5870BCB5F5AB785FC9A07'82165FCB9E79A02;C87C07A2B/9A73C8CAB5507B/CB B/5 7 82@B/ 7 5.'5895AE5D 7 1= 7 B/5 7 '894CB5 7 05E389B= 7 9AD30B8= 7 D389A 7 B/5 7 85B38A 7 2;

D5F2E8CE=7 7 9A 7 B/5 7 C;B58FCB/ 7 2; 7 D9EBCB280/9'7 7 5AB9856= 7 850B5D 7 2A 7 B/5 7 E0?9660 7 CAD

?A2@*/2@F72;7B/5785D5'62=5D7D2@545877C003F9A7545A7B/CB7B/9079A9B9C67BC?52;;7'5892D /C07155A724587CAD70BC1969A5D7;287C7@/9657CAD7B/CB7C705E2AD75A58CB92A72;785D5'62=5D

5

Diversification of the customer base as a factor of privatization: a theoretical issue

/C0 7 BC?5A 7 24587 7 CA 7 5.'6CACB92A 7 0B966 7 A55D0 7 B2 7 15 7 ;23ADC9A 7 E850B285D*8365*2;*6C@F

$85AB9AC72875605@/585CB27CEE23AB7;287B/57;CEB7B/CB7E2A(3589A7A5@7FC8?5B07B2DC=

F5CA0 7 D945809;=9A 7 B/5 7 2;;58 7 2; 7 9AB56695AE5 7 @9B/ 7 C 7 495@ 7 B2 7 2;;05B 7 A5@7 7 F285 D50BC1969A9A 7 B/85CB07 7 15=2AD 7 B/5 7 E6C009EC6 7 D3B950 7 2; 7 '82B5EB9A 7 CC9A0B 7 FC69E92307 3AD5098C165 7 9AB83092A0 7 43002A7 7 5 7 B 7 C''5C80 7 D9;;9E36B 7 B2 7 D2 7 @9B/23B 7 949A 7 C B/23/B7B27B/20570BC?5/26D5807@/27CEB3C66=7D279F'65F5AB70C;5B= 72'58CB92A079A09D5 E2F'CA9507'2005009A7B/59872@A776C8579A*/2305705E389B=7D5'C8BF5AB077545A7B/23/

B/5057458=7E2F'CA9507D2723B0238E57FCA=7823B9A572'58CB92A072A705849E57FC8?5B07#/90 D9F5A092A 7 09A36C86= 7 D9083'B0 7 B/5 7 90035 7 2; 7 D9CA209A 7 B/5 7 '894CB9ACB92A 7 2;

9AB56695AE5*65D7'269E57CAD7F969BC8=705849E507@9B/9A7E2F'CA9507#/575AB85'85A5387NC

;28F587 7 85D5'62=5D 7 9AB56695AE5 7 C5AB 7 @/2 7 90 7 /9F056; 7 055?9A 7 B2 7 E2A(358 7 FC8?5B0 C85FC9A070EC8E575A23/7C7;938577CB765C0B79A78CAE577B27A5E5009BCB57C7D90E30092A7B5 C857E2A49AE5D7B/CB77@/9657CA75;;62850E5AE572;7E2A036B9A7E2F'CA950 7ECA79AD55D 715 2105845D79A7B/907A5@7FC8?5B705F5AB72;7B/57'894CB5705E389B=705EB287EC665D79F65643F 359773895F9 7 4DC009D7 7 R 7 DC007 7 57 7 9B 7 C''5C80 7 B/CB 7 ;28F58 7 0BCB5 7 9AB56695AE5 C5AB07FC9A6=7E2A(3587C8FCF5AB79AD30B8=7FC8?5B0CCA7CEB949B=7B/CB785FC9A073AD58 B/578CB/5870B89EB7E2AB82672;7B/574C892307E5AB8C67D5'C8BF5AB072;7B/57F9A90B8=72;75;5A05 AD55D77B/9079075.CEB6=7/2@7CAD7@/58579B7C''5C807B/CB7B/5785FC8?79AB82D3E5D71=

)5CA*+C367,82D5387CC9A0B7/907FC9A72''2A5AB070/236D7157;8CF5D77CAD7B/CB7907@/=7 3AB967;38B/587A2B9E577@57D2785;3B57B/CB7CA=7'82E50072;7B23E3E3657907CEB3C66=7BC?9A '6CE5

6

+85E9056=7@/CB7907F5CAB71=703E/7C7E2AE5'B7C0 7EE30B2F5871C05DF7D9;;585AB9CB92AS

$EE28D9A7B27)5CA*+C367,82D53877B/57FCADCB572;7CA=7E'3169E7/9/7'269E9AF7;28E57N 09AE57B/907907/2@7@57C85703''205D7B27EC6679B7B/5057DC=07A2@CDC=07N79079AD55D7B27D5;5AD B/5 7 E3885AB 7 '269B9EC6 7 859F5 7 CC9A0B 7 '2B5AB9C6 7 031458092A 7 28 7 D50BC1969ACB92A7 85C8D650072;7B/5765C69B=7CADO287;28FC69B=72;7B/57F5CA07305D7#/57;9AC67EE30B2F58F 85FC9A07B/570BCB577B/57'3169E722D772879A0B9B3B92A07B/CB7C8575005AB9C67B2 7B/57'82'58

;3AEB92A9A 7 2; 7 B/5 7 PBCB5 7 435D3C365D A 28E739559D57 7 95 7 '269E9A7 7 83D9E9C6 7 CAD '5A9B5AB9C8=7C5AE9507E+894CB57/9/7'269E9AF7F9/B7E2A4585779A7B58F072;79B075AD07

@9B/7B/572C6072;7'3169E7/9/7'269E9A7B/CB7@236D77/2@54587736B9FCB56=7D9;;585AB9CB5 B/5F7@236D7157B/57D945809B=72;7B/57E30B2F5871C0572;7B/57;28F5877287CB765C0B7B/576CE?72;

C 7 E65C86= 7 9D5AB9;95D 7 5AD 7 E30B2F58 7 #/5 7 4C89230 7 E30B2F580 7 2; 7 '894CB5 7 /9/ 7 '269E9A E236D79A7;CEB70/C857E58BC9A72185EB94507@9B/7B/570BCB57403E/7C079F'8245D7'82B5EB92A72;

B/59872@A7B5889B28=7CC9A0B7B/59872''2A5AB072875A5F9507759B/587D2F50B9E7287C695A772A6=

9A7C7B9/B587'589F5B5857@/96570B9667'38039A79AB5850B07B/CB7@236D7D945857;82F7B/20572;

B/57ACB92A*PBCB57A7B/CB7EC0577B/57823'72;728CA9A5D7EE30B2F580F769?56=7B273057B/5 05849E50 7 2; 7 '894CB5 7 /9/ 7 '269E9A 7 '8249D580 7 495 7 E2FF58E9C6 7 9AB56695AE5 7 05849E505

@236D7A2B7157850B89EB5D7B272458AF5AB7C5AE95077'3169E6=*2@A5D7E2F'CA9507728762EC6 2458AF5AB 7 CDF9A90B8CB92A0 7 @90/9A 7 B2 7 '82B5EB 7 B/598 7 62EC6 7 /589BC5 7 CA=F2857 7 13B

@236D79AE63D5772A72B/587E2AB9A5AB077@5C?72879A5;;9E95AB7PBCB5073AD5829A7C7'82E500 2; 7 4855E2A0B83EB92A 7 CAD 7 309A 7 B/5 7 05849E50 7 2; 7 F36B9ACB92AC6 7 05E389B=

E28'28CB92A0C02F57@236D70C=7F58E5AC8=728CA9ACB92A0743'2AB79AE777L57#/307 B/57EE30B2F5871C05F7FC=7/C45715E2F57C667B/57F2857D9458057C07B2DC=&0705849E572;;589A /C07E5C05D7B27F5856=7CDD85007B/571C09E7A55D07N7957'82B5EB9A79AD949D3C607722D07CAD F5CA072;7'82D3EB92A7N72;7B8CD9B92AC67'894CB57E30B2F5807703E/7C07E2F'CA95079A7A2A 49BC679AD30B89507287823'072;79AD949D3C607;82F7B/57E9496702E95B=7@90/9A7B27'82B5EB7B/598 '82'58B= 7 #/5 7 '82B5EB92A 79AD30B8= 7 /C0 7D945809;95D 7 9B0 7 2;;58 7 B2 7 CDD8500 7C 7 '82F909A

7

From the military-industrial complex to the political-industrial complex?

A9E/57FC8?5B77ACF56=7B/57;9/B7CC9A0B7E9AD30B89C6750'92AC5F77;2662@9A7C7038579A 96659B9FCB5 7 CADO28 7 FC69E9230 7 9AB83092A0 7 9A09D5 7 /CE?9A*436A58C165 7 E2F'3B58 0=0B5F0

)5CA*+C367,82D5387E65C86=7'58E5945D7B/CB7B/574C892307F2DC69B95072;7B/5705849E572;;58

@236D 7 15 7 9A0B83F5ABC6 7 9A 7 ;55D9A 7 B/5 7 E2A090B5AE= 7 2; 7 B/5 7 /='2B/5090 7 2; 7 C E'894CB9ACB92AF72;79AB56695AE57CEB949B9507D57@C077 3A;28B3ACB56=77D5A95D7B/57B9F57B2

;38B/5875.'62857B/907?5=7C0'5EB7D57D9D77/2@545877D90'6C=75A23/75A93072879AB39B92A B278C9057C@C85A5007CF2A70E/26C8077CAD7B279A49B57B/5F7B27@28?72A7C7A5@7'8569F9AC8=

E6C89;9ECB92A7#/907ECA7157055A7CB7B/575AD72;7E/C'B587I72;79A673F358A97@/5857/5 0350B5D7B/CB7B/57150B7'580'5EB9457B27CE/95457B/907@236D7157B275.'62857B/57/='2B/5090 2;7C7B6733FE735CD23E7AF64B7978909A7@9B/9A7B/57ACB92A*0BCB57;82F7B/5783116572;7B/5 4373E235CD23E7AF64B7972;726D779A0B5CD72;7C662@9A72380564507B27157E2A0B8C9A5D71=

B/57F5857E2AE5'B72;7'894CB9ACB92A77E2A09D589A7B/579AE5'B92A72;7E94969CA7E2AB8CEB280 9A42645D79A7245805C07'5CE5?55'9A72'58CB92A077C7FC009457'/5A2F5A2A7B/CB7ECA72A6=

1579AB58'85B5D79A7B58F072;7B/57E/C665A507;CE9A7$F589ECT079F'589C67'2@5874P9A587 J5

8

"458=2A5 7 ?A2@0 7 B/5 7 F5BC'/28 7 9A45AB5D 7 D389A 7 B/5 7 26D 7 BC8 7 58C 7 1= 7 +850

"905A/2@587B27E/C8CEB589A57B/57A5E5009B=72;7F3B3C69A9A7B/570/C85D79AB5850B072;7B/5 PBCB57CAD7B/57F969BC8=79AD30B8=79A7C7629E72;75.B58AC67@C8F2A589A7#/57F5BC'/28

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9

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10

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11

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12

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13

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14

Exploring new avenues for research

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15

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16

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Frédéric Ocqueteau, « The “High Policing” Privatization Hypothesis, and How to Explore It », Champ pénal/Penal field [En ligne], Vol. IX | 2012, mis en ligne le 12 mai 2012, Consulté le 23 octobre 2012. URL : http://champpenal.revues.org/8313 ; DOI : 10.4000/champpenal.8313

48A49

Frédéric Ocqueteau

Director of research at CNRS (CESDIP, UMR 8183, CNRS/UVSQ/M. of Justice). Contact:

ocqueteau@cesdip.fr

!23F79DACA4:49AEC9C2

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