Deforestation and wildlife management: are elephants attracted by recently deforested areas?

structural clusters. Some species showed alternations of dominance in the middle and upper strata. Although it is an ecotone. the trees had a structural pattern, where the same species dominate large areas, allowing us to apply results in a huge scale of approach.

Conservation of biodiversity in Borconemoral Forests

Uga Liepa1_{, Inga S1ra11pe'. Olga Mie=Tte}1_{, ,T}r_{is Jansons'. Edgars Dubmvskis'}

1lalvia Universily of'Life Sciences and Technologies, Depar1111ent o/Silvicullure, Jelgam, Latvia: 'Latv_{ian State Fares/ Research Institute "Silava",} Salaspils, Latvia (liga./iepa@llu.lv; inga.stra11pc@ll11.lv: olga.mie:i1�@ll11.lv: arisjansons@silava.lv; edgars.d11brovskis@ll11.lv)

Boreoncmoral forests have distinct floral and fauna! communities and they provide multiple ecosystem services. Extensive tracts of boreonemoral forests are actively managed for timber production, hut actions aimed at increasing timber yields may also affect other forest functions and services. An essential component of forest certification schemes (e.g. FSC) is that landowners should voluntarily set aside forest stands for biodiversity: maintain ecological quality in EU protected habitats and leave retention trees. It is now unclear how functional are all these conservation tools in the context of ecological quality and its linkage with land-use intensity. The aim of this study is to evaluate how existing forest conservation tools contribute to the conservation of biological diversit}' and the provision of ecosystem services. In order to investigate the relative roles of diff_{erent t}'pes of conservation tools for sustainable forest management,} field data were collected on ecological quality of 40 study areas in Latvia (including vegetation assessment. diversity of structural features and presence or rare species). The results allow developing cost-eflicient tools, used in the sustainable management of forests in the boreonemoral biome. These preferences can be important knowledge to sustainable forest management complexity and policies balancing economic, ecological and social interests in the production forest landscape. Acknowledgments: This study was financially supported by the ERDF Post-doctoral Research Support Program (project nr.1.1. 1.2/16/I/00 I) Research application '·Balancing ecological interests with increasing demands for natural resources in production forests" (nr. 1.1. 1.2./VlAAf2/J 8/294).

Analysis of f

_{agments of the Atlantic Forest biome in municipalities within the Recife micro-region: a focus on environmental}

management/

Mari/ia Regina Costa Castro Lyra'. Felipe Pinto Guimariics'·1, Jurandir Barbosa Cm•a/canri Junior'·', Jvse Anronio Aleixo da Silrn'

1_{111stit1110 Flvresral de Pernambuco. Recife, Brasil: 'Embrapa Svlos, Recife. Brasil; 3Adagro, Recife, Brasil: 'Universidade Federal Rural de Pemambuco.} Recife. Brasil (iuari/iarcastro@uol.com.br; lipeg11i@yahoo.co111.br: jbcengenharia@g111ail.co111; jaaleixo@uol.co111.b1)

A fragmenta,Jo da Mata Atlantica, motivada por um intenso processo de transforma,ao da paisagem, rem tornado mais dificil a tare fa de preservar o bioma. Neste contexto. os instrumentos de gestJo ambiental surgem como altemativa para viabilizar a conserva,ao ambiental de fragmentos ftorestais em ambientes cujo uso antr6pico predomina. A analise da paisagem apoiada corn recursos do sistema de informa,;oes geograficas (SIG) e de suma importlincia na caracteriza,ao dos fragmentos Jforestais e respectivo planejamento ambiental. 0 trabalho baseou-se na analise de fragmentos t1orestais situados na MicrorregiJo do Recite, para o ano de 2011 e de 2016. As metricas de ecologia util izadas para caracterizar os fragmentos ftorestais e a verifica,5o da significancia estatistica das difere1was ,,bservadas para as duas epocas propostas permitiu constatar que houve efetiva diminui<;ao no tamanho dos fragrnemos sem, contuclo causar altera,;ao expressiva mancha de vegeta<;ao geral. Sob o cnfoque da gcstao ambiental, os fragmentos florestais rcmanescemes mais expressivos estavam submetido a prote<;ao legal. Fragmentos de supressao observados demandam a<;,ies de gestao ambiental orientada de acordo cam a situa,ao politico-organizacional do municipio e o contexto socioeconomico do local. Fragmentos ligados a rccomposi,;iio da vegeta,ao indicaram pr:\ticas de gestao ambicntal focadas na minimiza,ao do potencial degradador dos impactos antr6picos.socioecon6mico do local. Fragmentos ligados a recomposii;ao da vegetai;ao indicaram praticas de gcstao ambiental focadas na minimiza<;ao do potencial degradador dos impactos antropicos.

Reflections on managing land for conservation/ Rejlexoes sabre a gesti'io do rerrit6rio para a co11servcu;ao

1/nstitulo Esradual do Ambicnte do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeim, Bm:il; 'Universidad.: Federal Fl11minensc, Nireroi, Brasil; .<Uniwrsidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Sempedica. Brasil (maribo.i11ea@g111ai/.co111: paulofevrier@g111ail.co111; ike111oto.i11ea@g111ail.co111; batmuche4@gmail.com: vitoriaaraujo@id.uffbr; gra:iela111arti11sa111011fnj@g111ail.co111)

O planejamento para a conserva,;iio em geral se baseia em dados geobiotisicos e tern como objetivo o suhsidio a ai;oes predominantemente no espectro do comandll e controle, coma a cria,ao de unidades de conscrva,;iio ou outros instrumentos de ordenamento territorial. 0 custo (politico, social e econ6mico) de implementa,,lo dessas a<;oes e alto, o que limita sun ado,ao e dificulta o alcance dos objetivos pretendidos. A inclusiio dos fatorcs politicos e sociais no planejamento - conjuntarnente cam os geobiofisicos - pode possibilitar o desenvolvimento de projetos, programas e a,oes cooperativos e de suporte. que conjuguem o atendimento a demandas coletivas (glohais, nacionais ou regionais) com as demandas Jocais ou ate individuais. Embora cssas a,oes possam ter um custo semelhante ou ate maior do que as de comando e controle no inicio. tern um potencial maior de sc sustentarem ao longo do tempo e sc difundirem no territorio sem a a,iio dircta do Estado. A transi,ao para esse novo paradigma - que nJo necessariamente substitui o existente. mas o complementa - ainda necessita de maior sustcnta,ao politica, normativa e institucional para ser arnplamente adotado coma politica de Estado. Essa questao sera discutida cam hase na experiencia do Projeto Conexao Mata Athintica no Rio de Janeiro.

Deforestation and wildlife management: are elephants attracted by recently deforested areas'!

Hugo Valls-Fox'. Alesscmdro F11sari', Paola-Caralina Amaya-Corredor', Marie .Vv11rrier', Frederique Montfort'. Telina Ra11dric111a1y', £111111an11elle Richard'. 7110111as Prin'. Philipe Chardonner'

1Cemre de cooperation i111emarionale en recherche agro110111ique pour le developpe111e11/ (ClRAD). Mo111pel/ie1; France; 'Fondarion Fran,;ois SOMMER - Fonda/ion /nternar;ona/e pour la Geslion de la Faune. Alaplllo, .\.fo:ambiq11c; 5:\/itidae, .\1ontµellie1; fl·cmce; "Niridae, Antananarirv, Aladagascar; 5Fondarion Franrois SO.\,JMER - Fonda1ivn lnternationale pour la Gesriun de la Faune, Paris. Fmnce (h11go. rnllsfox@ciradjr: alessc111dr0Ji1sari@yahoo.il; paola-c.:atali,w.amcl)1a-corrcdor1_{f_'i)eru.11montpcllie1ii·; m.nvunied'g,nitidae.org:fmvnifortr?J.nitidae.org; 1.randria11ary(i_g.nitidae.org; t:.ricJ1anf(E..':chasse11at11rc.org;} tho1110s.pri11(@.chassenat11re.org; igf@fo11cl,1tion-ig/Ji:J

Deforestation is a major cause or wildlt fe decline in tropical ecosystems. The conversion of mature forest to fields by shifting cultivation leaves he hind follow lands with secondary vegetation. Paradoxical Iv, secondary forest rcgro\\'th that provides ahundani forage in comparison with mature forests can benefit some species as the African elephant (loxodol/la c1/r_{icc111a) but they are alsll attracted towards human communities and cultivations raising conservation issues. The}

Pesq.f/01: bras., Colombo, v. 39. e20/902043, Special issue. p. 1-768. 2019

621

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XXV I UFRO World Congress Forest Research and Cooperation for Sustainable Development

sllldy was conducted in Gile National Reserve, Mozambique, an unfenced pwkcted area composed of Miombo woodland. Among 60 elephants remaining in

the Reserve. 5 individuals were equipped 11·ith GPS collars in 2 0 1 .\ in 20 1 6. Deforestation was monitored by remote sensing from 1 990 to 20 1 6 and a map of

forest productivity was bui lt To test our hypothesis, we modelled resource selection functions using the G PS data. Elephants spent.I ahout half or their time in the

core area ant.I half in the buffer zone where most of the deforestation occurs. Ekphants neither pre for nor avoid pristine forest habitats and cleared between 1 990

and 2005. They prefer areas cleared since 2005 where forest regrowth occurred since 20

0

9

.

The areas the most selected were cleared between 20 I O and 20 1 3

and were i n cultivation during the study. Shifting agriculture leads to the displacement elephants toward cultivated fields and regenerating forest vegetation thus

increasing Hu

m

an

/

Elepha

nt

conflicts. This resource selection strategy also raises conservation questions related to the Reserve management aiming at reducing

ddorestation. Diversity of habitats should be maintained and resource selection linked to vegetation dynamics should be further understood.

Leafcutter ants: impacts on herbaceous vegetation in South America's native temperate forests

impac1os sabre la vegetacicon herbacea en bosques naLirns 1emplados de Sudamerica ./11/ian Alberro Sabattini'

1U11iversidad _!Vacional de Eiure Rios. EJ IOOAXD, Argenti11a (julia11saba11i11i@ho1111ail.cu111)

Las honnigas cortadoras de hojas son consideradas consumidores dominantes de America en diferentes ambientes naturales. El objetivo fue cuantificar y

evaluar la herbivoria anual de Alla rollenwederi sabre la vegetaci6n en bosques nativos de! Espinal Argentino. El traliajo se realiz6 en dos regiones de

la provincia de Entre Rios, Argentina. En ambos sitios, se seleccionaron 5 nidos, recolectandose material vegetal entre Mayo 20 1 5 a Octubre 201 7. La

actividad fonajera se determin6 recolectando fragmentos vegetales de hormigas cargadas en cada nido durante cinco minutos registrados cada dos horas. En

lalioratorio se identificaron cuatro fragmentos de material vegetal: a) monocotiled6neas graminiformes y c ipcraceas, li) dicotiledoneas herbaceas y arbustivas, c)

dicotiledoneas arboreas y. d ) mmerial de desecho senescente. La liiomasa total forrajeada prnmedio por nido de

_.

_ano

_·

No se ohtuvieron diferencias significativas entre sitios, registranuo 282 kg iVIS.nido-1 .aiio- 1 en el Sitio I, mientras que en el Sitio

ll se obtuvo un total de 342 kg

MS.nicto·

_{.aiio·1 •}

_{Los resultados globales indicaron que la tasa de forrajeo estaba conformada mayoritariamente por especies monocotileu,,neas graminiforrnes y}

ciperaceas. Las colonias de Alla rvllenweideri cosecha anualmente un 9,5% de la productividad primaria de un pastizal natural en bosques nativos del Espinal

Argentino. Estacionalmente se observ6 una combinaci,m de estrategias en el forrajeo para conformar su dieta mostrando gran plasticidad, que permite nfirmar

un comportamiento estrictamente selectivo sobre especies monocotilec16neas herbaceas graminiformes y ciperaceas cuando la nbundancia rela

-

t

iv

a es alta, de lo

contrario expresa un oportunismo muy marcado cortando otras especies vegetales.

Allelopathic effects of paper mulberry (Bro11sso11etia papyrifera (L.) L'Her. ex Yent) extracts to the morpho-physiological characteristics

of supa (Sindora supa mcrr.) seedlings

1\Jarifrn Combalicer' . . Hark B1)1an Carayugan1_{, Ala. Fatima Critica'}

1 Depanment of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Furest,y and Natural Resource, Universil_v of 1he Philippines Lus Balios, Los Ba11os, Philippines

/i11sco111balicer@up.ed11.ph; 111acara;·11ga11@up.ec/11.ph: 111icritica@11p.ed11.ph)

The study investigated the allelopafhic potential of leaves, stem and root aqueous extract of

using

as a test plant

for m,,rpho-physiological implication. Parameters ( height increment, root collar diameter increment, sturdiness quotient, leaf number increment. leaf area,

chlorophyl l content. net photosvnthesis. transpiration, stomata! conductance, and water use efficiency (\VUE), were tested at

extract concentration

or I 0%. 1 5%, 20% and 30%. Results indicated that stem and root extracts of

deterred the height of the test plant at 20% and 30%, respec

ti

vel

y

.

Stem extract stimulated the root collar d iameter growth of

at 15% concentration. A stirnulatorv response is observed at low concentration levels. while

deterrence transpi res along increasing concentrations. This is similar to parameters of leaf area, chlorophyll count, net photosynthesis and WUE (stem extract).

Transpiration. stomata! conductance and WUE (root extract) incurred variable response along increasing concentration levels. Seeds are more vulnerable

to allelochemicals as compared ro the 4-month old seedlings of

(leaf ext

ra

ct

)

.

Therefore, increasing levels or

root and shoot extracts

inhibit the growth of

indicating

allelophatic ef

ect and dominanc

e

.

Hence. this has implications in an ef

ort to conserve native species

and prevent the proliferation of invasive exotic species in the area

.

Further research on the alleloparhic potential of the !lowers and fruits of

is

recommended, coupled with chemical characterization. to detennine its ful l detrimental ef

ect on natural forest areas, and to recognize the interplay of dif

erem

chemicals af

ecting morpho-physiological dynamics or the af

ected plant.

Native plants recommended for cover of roadway slopes

Ana Cli111dia Nogueira da Silm'. Angeline Manini', Sebasliilo Vencinciv Mani11s1

1_{U11i,·ersidade Federal de Virosa. Virosa, Brasil (anasilrm1og11eira@yahoo.co111.br: marrini@uji-:br; venancio@ufi,.b,)}

Um dos principuis impactos provocados pela constru,iio de estradas e a cria,;ao ue taludes. estes sofrem a<;iio direta dus intemperies possuindo alta taxa de erosao

hidrica. A insen;5o de espCc1es vegetais e uma das t&cnic::is mais recornendadas para a conserva�5o de taludes Espl!cies ali.\ctones silo as mats recomendadas

deviclo ii capacidade de recobrirem a :irea mais rapidamentc e por possuirem rnai,,r resistencia as condi,,"\es climaticas

.

Contuuo e.,istem especies aut6ctones que

possuem comportamento scmelhante as aloctones. poroim nao sao comumente encontradas no mercado. 1 cssa premissa este estuuo realizou um lcvantamento

de plantas herb:iceas e arbust1vas nat1vas indicaclas para a cohertura vcgetal e ou recupera,;ao uc taludes rodo,·iarios Especies nutivas com potencial ornamental

loram priorizadas, uma vez que estas esp0cies s,i,, mais facilmente comercializadas. Foram l istaclas 62 especies. sendo 48 cle potencial ornamental.

foi

a Familia com maior representatividade (9 espoicies). seguicla du

( 8 especies). A Mata Atliintica foi o biomu corn maior numcro de esp<icies (.\9),

seguida clo Cerrado ( 48 ). o Pampa fo i o bioma que apresentou menor quuntidat.lc de esp,icies ( 1 6 )

sit-·cus. Dolichandra unguis-cati. !pomoea alba, lpomoea c£lrnea, Sphagnericola rrilvbata, Stacl�rtarpheta ca,ycnncnsis, S�vlvsanthes guicmcnsis

sao espt!cies

que pudem st.!r utilizadas em 1odos os b1omas brasileiros Estn pesquisa con-obora cam a Estrnt�gia Nacional para EspCcies ExOticas Invasoras enr�tizando a

i mport5ncia <la util iza,5o de plamas nativas, d iminuindo assim a introduyao, dispersao d� ex<>ticas i nvasoras e seleci,mando especi�s rnais apropriadas para cada

regiao, como tambem especies aduptauas ao tipo de solo, clima e hem inseridas na paisagem.