- , -, WE ~~:~N NEWFOUNO~O

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^.jREHIST ORICARCHAEOLOGY OF':T8 £ ;CRT AU PORTPENIN5U~,^-

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.~e-author (copyri1}ht owner) " Llautell~ ^{(titulaire·d.u}"dr o i t 'h a s reserved c e n e-r- ,d ' a u t e u r ) se reserv; les pUblication ,r i g h t a, and' aut r e s"dr a i t s de publrcationl nefther. tpe '=hesis nor 01 1a these n1 .d e'rlongs.

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AB.STRACT.

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.,Th i SW'ork,.,.p_~e.sentl!l ^thereSU1~s

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an arch·a.,(hog·l~~l sU,rveyofebe.Port.au#;flort Pe,n1nsu1a,,:,_\ttch' ·.r.~covered ,.._

evidence

of'f :·~:~he/~rset.·

^.;;;.

L(te·,;Pa.l~~o-ESkiJti t't~dltion

(l30o+i-so'·B.F., Beta"7779'and

13 ;6~j-60

"B, P " Beta 71'78)1,.'

t~'~

'Li t t l e Passage

~:~:t790+/~70

^{B·;P ..:}

·B~<'i.~~7 ;

^and

'~~~'8'~he~

:"J;:', _, ...',""~" - .•~. ,~:.~ ."

"c o lllp le x e s of~tbe'Re c e n t"Indianp~rloet:-e.s:,well;a,8:'twd··n.~ n..~~,',",, :' S;PElcificPatae~:-E8kimooccupatiO!!8., Faunai'j'l"u8.tne.,i.nd i.~8te..':.~ th~sesson o~ oecupa'ti,~n.o f the,Por,t'au P~rt ~~'teto:be',. rf ' summer and ~o8:'i~Jmid...:::, :! n t:e r,,.~ o r t.~~Dorset; •.Il~~SUllIlller,. . poSsiblY,.exten~i~~..throJ8~,a:nyf!.f,t h , other seu/?Rs,f~r"the "

Li~tle'f~sssg-e-;--T~Dorset.pre8enC-'-8"t---~--e--tn"hm~·8L'P:O!ld-,~,-'·-' -, ,s'ite,suggests that uhe

D~r,s~t

^s'easonal

, r~'und incl~ded 8prln ~~': '

,-.p,~'.

, ,~

, , -

or fall excursi~riBinQ:! tne interior. A'pa uc i t y of data,:',

from,the,ear'lie;pe~~~d8^i!lattributed to cO~9tal"flooding

_ i'" ,"::,f 'ft . , ,'

.d~eto ~t-sl,a~ia~!{,,ge'ile,V,el fluct...~t1 ons .

tAo prelimi,nary'lithic source analysis indicates.the): tbe,~~"

Little

~assass

populations utilized locdly'

s'v8ila~le

^{c heet;; -}

resources. whils'the

'~:~r9~t " obtained'

^{flakable.lithic .}

--. "

.ma t e r i a ls

£.fOlD

a varis'tr.,ofmore distant sources. 'Reg i o na l

, '/" , ' ~' ;? ',

v~rJistion in the:s t yl eof:;.Do,F,.,~et~nd..'blad e s Be-ross

MewJoundlandis'argued to',be-,lpa r tl Y a,functio~^''Of.,•

.,d H f e r e nce'S'-i n'~he qU811t;\~f.c~ert·^between,r8g ~on8 . ^The:-

l). sreater'extent 'to'vh-tch end blstfe.aof fin,.er chert would, be 1 Radiocarbon dates are reported 8S RCY.BP(radiocarb'on

Jea~8\J1efor!! 1950 A.-D.); u81ng e helflife of 5568 .years and have not been corrected for the Devries effect,

~8'se'1'voir'effect,'or isotope fraet::lonio:nature,_

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r~du'ced^by ~esh~ipen1n8^(t1p....(111t1n~) ^{isp rcp csed /JS the}

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~ec,haV 81Dto expl a 1nthe,'di f fer e n c es," Vafta'~t11ty 1nth~ "

;>or~.{ ~xpand1~8

^flakl!!

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's c rape rs

from-,-th~

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Grondi n..,a d Fre!! S~I\Io'artz .vae...pe nt 8_great'de alof their

- < .: time '. ; 08-U~ng";' T~"tvllns ;~ Wh~ ~P~~~U:~d "a~ bea~;~~~I':S(.~t Qf

..!'" 'c,, ', ' -;:''.". __..-., ...; , • " "-:~ ~',','.'.,:: _ ; ,-.

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,fi l uo res ceD ~ana l.is h••,a n dtheDepartm en~~ot Ear thS,ci,e nc es

of' " .. "., '.", .•. • ' .-'."

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atHe risl'·,Unive r sit y,of~lle\rff ou Dd l aD d.-who'ra n"t heXRP'

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ChapterIV. Artifact AoalyIl1 8 •••• ••••• ••••• ••• ••••••• •••124

\

Introdu~tion••••• •• ••• . ...^{'!!t••••}• • • • • ••o •••••,•• • • • •• • •124 The Portau~PortSite, Dorset Component. ~.,..••• •••• ••126

\ ... End Blade Industry•••••••••••:~•••••~••: ••• •• ••128

\ Preforms

'1.

¹³⁰

\ End Blades ••~•• • •.• •••• • •• ••.• .••• •. •••.133

~~:m:~;t~fS~:~l;i~d~Hd~;t;;: : ::~: :. : : : : i~~

txpandiDg Flak.e Scraper I dust r y•••• • • • •••.•••147 Preforms•• •• ••• ••••:. d ~ ,-,.148, Expanding.Fl ake,Scra pe r s••• •••••;:••••. •• •148 SUlDmary of ExpandiJl~FIske Sc r a p'e r' ._ .:

M1cr.Obl~::-U~~~~;'~;;':' ; ' (: :::.~ :::.::: :~:.: :::: .::::, ;. : i~~ ,:

Che rtMicroblade'Cores slid Core'Debr1s~"••165.

Chert Microblades and Microblkd'eToofs."••166.

QU~~~: O~~tJ~:~ .. ~:~;~~~~~ ~'. :~:~~,. ~~~ ..;

^{16'8 .}

Quartz',Cr.J s t al--Mic:ro bl a d e s.-••n;.-.-. ;1~9--

B~f~C:Ui:~~t~: .~~ ~:~~~~~~ ~ :~~~~~:::

^:::::::;.:

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Ground Slate Ind·uetry••

~~apsH'::~i:i~;~~'; ~~': : ': : ' :

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176

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t . .

^!

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^{17 9}

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Li:thi(;,.·Debris••;' ',' ••• •••• •'.' ..;:••' , 18 0 :. ,,' .:Do r s e t:.Ar t if s c t SUlllmary.~••••••• •' ~,.•,.;.~-;1 81

!.'. ...~.~r·t'au,:,~o r.!:·Si t e,..Li t t l¹

e

Pass8ge componen~.•.~".~;f.·

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181

:~~.

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L, ..: ( " -c-. ~. ^{. ;;, ,- ,.. :,:::} '~)i\": ;: )

'.'.,,; ~::\;;~~~~,~~{,,:., ^{-.;.:. .} ;,dli~i,~r.\~.;.t~·,:., , .1; ·~' ,~.,.".;:;~::.:,

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._{.Li near}

'~nd ~cr~per

_{Flak e}

I~dU'strY~~~~

_Indust r y .·•.•^••••••^•

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•• • • •·• •

~ -. ~

^·.••• •..·...:•• • •.•••186

1~5·

' Pro"is l on a l Indu s tries•••~·••·•••••-;,... . ;~... . ..187

Co nc lI"sSid eSc ra pers•• .-••.••••.••.•••• ••18i L. r ge O.,oi d Bifac e s•••~••. .• • • •.• ,•••••• • 187

•LargeUnifa ce•• ••• ••••• ••• •••• •.••• _.••• •• • 188 -. ~8cel l . aeo ullHat er i a l••• .·•~•••• ••~.• ••.'•• •.'.'.18:8 .

Por~ ;~-~;~~t DS:~~~ ' B;;~;; ·c6;;i;;: :::::::: ::: :: ~: : t :: - ..

- ·-Iatha ull Si ta•.• •·•••• : •••••• •• •• •• ••• ••••••••••• •; •••190 Gr ay.el ;\on. Si te _••.••••.•• ••':.•• • • •.-190

: '~::~lI~;~~~'~~.:~~ : : ~ ~t ~:~ ^{:. .:::} ~ :: ::'::::: ::.::: :::.;:: : :t:~

c h~ Pt~i··v.~au;,.1

^{baiy d .;'}

S~ba1.tan~a

andSet tle me nt,••195

- . ~::~:~::::!;~~W~lliILZ·j":~.\:~.~~ 1: _~ 1j?:: III , ,

A~diti~~af~;~~~::~~~YR;;~~r·~;;.:,::: : : <.::. :::' ::::::':: ':~~

Summary ••:••• •.~~.•••.• • •• •~/.';••; . . . ...:••••••••/••••••209

~:::::~c:: ' c::::~~~: ::: >: /:: : .:; .:: ' :::::: ::: :: :::::::::

Pla t es •••••••••• • •••••.

:~ . l~·.;~ ".~ .,' ;..~. :: . :., : '.:- , _{:~ _:228}

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.'.-!c'

t, LIST,OFTABLES

ix,

.

'.~,

3~197:'Surver.. Po r t auPort',-.stteartifa-cts·. "'.';. '.19l

1975

S urv.~,;,

^{.ls t,hmus}

8:1A1eart~jsc.;;

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5 Te~restr1al,m8m~al,r e ttour c e s 0,£~ e"'f~undland•. •3'3 Tab le

Table

Tabl e

Table 1 Hamll:t~n' Inl t t subs iate nce -settle.ment·8,ys tem ty p_~~•••• •.•..-..: ': '.,:••. •4 Tabl e 2 Reg io'na l'ex pr e ssi oas~of Dorset cul t ure'in (

N·l!wfo und l and 7,'." •••12

~.."

' . '. .'

. ' .

Table 17 Metr icat tributes.of c;:ompleteend blad8S~••":' ~134

'~T~bl~' ~'l8' ^. ~nd' bl~d~8':' ~c;ldif:l~~t~~n"

^O,f'

ven~ra~ face);~

^','

^{.13 5 '}

'''~~ble

^-19

Fr~qu8ncy ~f . t~.p f~.U:te 8pall~-ate80ri88

¹⁴¹

Ta ble- 20/··Metr icattri b.ut8s2f··8xpa"rtdl ngflake

.".

.,

l!IC rap8 r~~•••~.•••z ,~••.'••• • •• •'.~"•••'•.•••• •,.,'••'1(.9

... . .

'

.Ta.bl e .6t Marinemainllsl·,r~d-uft-es^{'o f·Ne ....}fo~r;dl~nd.^{•.•••• .}

··.4 2 . ,. ,;,, ' .-<> : - .

-,'~--~

. ..

~

,

TaDle 7. _~Bh.'r,esources o'f Newfound ~and~'~~•••.•.•"••~.••• 49'

·f "" .. .. ... ., ... .

__•;.'.,Tabl e /8:BIrd r~~ ou r c e ~ofNewfou~~hn:d.:.~•• •.~••••>~ ~

..

Table 9 A8sregat..e~pelik~arid's eaao nal availability.of: . terre'stria l ~amllla~.res0ll:rc,es~ . :•• •••••-,~..•.•73 ,Table 10. Ag-sregat':

~eak\ e.nd · ~easfn81 svafla~UitY-

^{0.£ .}

llIari - eillS ~e..sourcss;.j , 73. 'T!l,ble

y

Aggregate pe a ks ~d^seasonal~VIIoila,bii.i~y^{of .}

", .·fi s.hre s ourc~,.81 ";'~;'•••.•••~...~.•.~.'."•••.•"~•••'•• 74 Table.12 >.s~r.egate'peaks,a~d,·seaso.nslal~'i1e:tI'Hity.>·of '

·. ,.'·,b iX:dee eour-cee , .-••.• •.~ :o'•••••,~ ~•• •• ••.•••75 .•.~able":l'3"~ ~l~k:el"Conten t of.we s t ~oast.,c:he~:t;-.:~s~;c_etitral

._ ~.,; ,.'.,e810.n~her"~,,~,_andefaeee •••.•.•.:,.•·•••,,~••.•• . .•1l8 •r.

.~·Table

1 4

~ho.lDiu'm. c~nUnt_o f vest cQast ~h'e.rts v~

. :. ',.t:.c~ntral:ea.ion_.ch e r t.s.sndalat~,s,.·.":.,•••• ••~1 20

"'Tabi e15·'AAomalou~ni~kel^andchrollli~IlI'~alue8 ^{fro'm .-.}

tbe,veeecosst eeueces•••••••.•'••••,•••.-.'...121 Ta ~le 16'.:En_d"bi~d~preforms. typ'e'an d pla tform

','orie nt a tioll_of original blan k.; .~~•••••• ••• • ••13 2

. 1,-

.'

^'

.

':

;".- Table 22

Table,23

'Tabl e~~

'Table 25

Ch e r t lll1c r o,b l a d e a . use/r eto: ch' . . ' • ebareeteTll1t:ic~•.•••.• .'.4•• ••• •••:•• • • •••• • •.161

·Q~artz crystal1IIt e r obI.des ua e /reto ueh. .c ha ra c t.er i.Bti,.c·•••••;, •••• •••• • ","••••~••••-,••• 169 Fre'QUe'nC1of:

8'o-eP8toD~heallel ~r.11I~nt8.

^{.. ' :}

· ~~,~~:1P'e freqUenc1 e.8ti••·::'-':':; ••

r:: >" ..

·1~6.~~.~^.',

·H.~t ~ 1.~.t~ri ~.u t e 8 at"U iangula,r·£ 1fa~eI!I-•••':=.1!!.5 . ,Po r't·~u,P:oh"s1 te Do.rset~fail·n."l · ^{.' : . ' ,.}

~deDtlfieat:loD8.· ~•••; :•••• ..• 197.

" ,

" ...

Tabl~.^26-:Po~t^{-.'u·p'o r';:'}ai'te,'LittlePa~8age}fa~nal' ^{..'; :'•}

.. , . l.·

Id8n t if le.a t i o ~s•.••••• •"..••'••• ••',.-~-••..•.::.;.•203 :rable-27 ~idditio~»l_potent;:1.1ll.9ulIIlII'er reilourc.es ·tor .'.·,~,..l"

:. • the Do rsetandtl.i,-tt l,e Pusage.of the. ~

Portau'Por t Pen i DBula.l'e gio n. ,•••••• • •!.. ...20 6

Table28

A~~l'~~~n_;l iot~n'ti~~

Decelllber,'::Januu'y'

. ~ . < . ~::~u~~e.;~~~.r p~:~n~~~:e;e;t~:~~

^{••(";:.•.".}

:t':20;

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Ha p 1

.Hap 2

.Hap'1

xi-,.

: ~ ^{LIST OF HAPS .}

r

Po r t auPo r t Peninsula: area'a urveJede nd -,

aitadtatrlb~t1on8••• •••• • ••~••••~••• •·•••• •• •17..

Port'au

·p~.rt.

^Pe'ntosula.

P_08t-8laC~e:l <, .

. cosstline a.•• • •••- ~

7

30

Port.'au PottPenl!1sul~u''~81teioca tl~ns:.:•• • ••8!.

·::;;:;;t~;;; .:;;;~~:;~~;:~;'.;.;;;;;.: ; ;;;: : : _~.~:.

port' , ~ : Po~t-s'it'e

^{:', Area.I i Uthic}

deb.~:i~

^{: ,.".",'"..}

den.itie-s _~.~••• . ,'•••• . . .• •• ;',".':_~102 Po r t

~ u~

^Port

:~1te :

^{he e.:'II}I ar t i fac:t · :-.·· " .

'1istr ibu e ionand l it h ic de b r 1s d-ensities...~.105

, ..

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t . .) .

...

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. ...

x11

LISTOF.F IGUREs....

'F.tBor e Fii;ur e FIgure

1 Po'rt

~~ ·Po rt 's ~ t e . ~011 pro f ~les

^{•. .••••: •.}

.- . A 9~ ·

2 Por t

a~

^Por:t

~~;te-·.

^{'F eatur e} I prof iles••.• ••••. 97'

, , ,

3 S';'!iP~e tipf~u tiDBsequence 129 _-

~ Ko·rphol~^{..:t'of...t1p}f1.~te^spa lla fro. ~ampl·e_\. ^....:

. :'"':.a l! ~.u .n cein Figure.3•.• •• •••·•••_••.:.• • •.:.·••-.• •·.~131 .

. - . ' ".:', '

. . ..

^~.:

..,jill t ogramof end.bl-a delengths ~;..137. ~

. . ~ . ' - , ' .,', r "

F18ure ",6.Ti~.flute8~~~ 1dorsall!Ju r.faC~:var ~ab i ~ l_tJ/",~,4,!-

.

'Pi.gure 7. E~dscraper r~ductlo n..aeque nce e••••• •• •'•••• ••_~ 53. Figu'r e 8 R'tatasrem0'£ expan"dingf_18~e^{scr aper .,}

.lengt h""••••• ••,~•••••.•• •;;•• • • •• •• ••'•.•• •••157.

Figure 9 Histo.gram of ex pa ndin gflak~^{sci.a pe r le ngths} , . bycorne rc..isss. -••. .••• ••••.• _._ 159 Fi.ure.10 histogramof sos pstO:ll'fes s el-fr sgu'nt

...width-s ; ~••17~

I..'

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,.)

:,

rJ:-~ ~ ---- ~

LISTOFPLATES

,

/

-Plate 1 Por tau Port site. C.eri'8n an's.1975

eXC8Ya t io na•••••• •' •••.•••••'.c:.'•••• •••••• • •••229 Pl ate 2 lsthlllUIIe a ee,Carignan 's197 5exce vat rc ne••• ••~3.l· Plate 3 Long Pond site •••• • ••• • ••••' , •.;.233 Plate 4 Porf

8~ ~o'~t

^{'site ,},Do r s 8,t end

b1a~e~

^{•.• • • ••.J.}

: 2~5 "

Plate 5 Por-t auR~rt'eit.e,Dorsetend scrapers•••,.•-::.; 237 t1.8tl! :.:6.,Port s.uPorta1te, Dorset"e c eepe r e ".23,9.

~ Plate 7 Port

au'

Port site':Dorsstchert micr ob'f a de' in'du e,tr y••••••• ••• ••;••••0'••,.1•• ••: •• • • •,•••241

.Pl at e U o r t auPor~^{site;Do r s e t quar t zcrystal}

mt c r obl a d , indu8~ry•••••'.'

>

^{"~'" 243}

Plate 9 Partau'Port81~e,^Donstblfa'c.e·lndus t ry••• • •245 Plate10 Portau Port'sit e, Do'rs'et soa pstoneindus try .;247

!}.ate11 Port au-..Port site, Dorset gr ound slate . an'd,ground neph,r1teindustrie s. ;; 249 Plate 12 PO,r t au Port site,miscellaneous ,

-, Do~set too1s

>

·;.·:., . ~:';·.:

..

²⁵¹

Plate 13

Plat6 16 Plate 15' Plate 14

Por t au Por.tsit,e,Dorset hSlll!!lerstonss,•••,'••••253

PO~~b:~e~~;e~:~~,: . ?~,~~~~ .'~~~~~~~~ ~~~ . ~:'~~ .. . .. ~~ 5

P.ortau'Po r t si'te"Little Pas s age dia gnos tIc

industries :•••.• •',257.t,

Port

eu

Poit'ai te ,·Llti: !,e.PaBl!sge provisionsl' : 'C lnd u e.t r ~ e s ,':'~,'.••"'(.' ••~" ;.'. ~••••••.2.5,9 piats 17 Port'eu Po rt;site Recent In dian Haterial

\ • and_Gra~e1Pond sl te..·.••••'.•••• • ;.•• •• • ••••'261 Plate',18

L~ng

^Polnt·site.

artl£~~tS

^{••••:'•••••• , ..';}

~

^,.,'... :26'3

.,

..

'---'

',' -', _'/'.-

>1

"," ^"tr,

1'-, ,

'I)

Appendix'2· .Appendi.x

x '!-v

LISTOFAPPRHDICE$ ..','. '"

H'orizont8~

^l;nd

v ~rtil:Bl ~ 1·S t rib;t.iOn

^{ot - ;}

-'li thicdeb"ris by wei g ht...~.,,,~•.......2.64~.

' " . ' " , '. , '. . I

$ummary,of:t'1'aee el e lD e.nt·det"", 27 1 .Variablltt'y·0£. Do ; e80

~x.;andinll ^h:e.kll', ~ ^" ._-,.-' :..

. en'd 8era. p er8.·••• • • •.r••..:.•·••·~.'.;.f 274~ _,:;

\

..

,SUIII; a rJ

Of f.alln\~ recq~er H!:s . ;

^{I••• •}

~:~ ;,;J~~·: ..

'27S-"--:' ,I .\

.~~~" .

,.' ,_ , ,/ <, ' ,',' I) ': :'",

."," . . ' :.: . / 1

,

,

' ; .t '

-

,/ . .:

,~:

.

" ••1

\,

^{/ "}

CHAPTER. I

...

,',,,

INTRODUCTJON•

, ,Ba c kgrou n d

a:~"P~~an Ob 1ecti~e

. . ' ·z/ "', . '

Areh ~;~ol~gy isClI r:r en t;,y',recc g nf aed 811~~,vin8thre.e Boals ;' ,th;"

di9cr:l.. Pt ib~ o0itl t~;e hist'~~~ . the ~,J:plica~·ion:

^..

, 'l '; , .,' ,' ' (. . .. " .: ', ' ....

, b,~,P~8,~'life\l8,~~ a~Lth~,·.:er~.J.~nat:1on,^Of,eufi:u~<e^{..pr oce$8 .;_:}

"(IIin~~ord i?68j~hC!~fs.1 9 74,'-'1~79)•.'Thue BOals are'nC!-t .,'.',:'

'.,lIIu;d~il, ^{exclusiv e,but}

'ar;

h'1:e't'~·rC~ica.lfJ otga n 1?e d.

~e.,aar-ch:

^in.'a',Iii

ve,n~_ ar.~ ~1l1'>~

^for

-,.~~iqP-1"e'.: 8ener~i'~y

pr oe'ead·t."r"o m:,the.c6n8:t'~'Ucitio--ri ^{of a 'cult ure.}l!1s t of ,

rot- '

~h e

,

" ' .

,

ei·~a.

to

anil)1ie8t1B~tion^9f

'how

tbiiae,po.pulatio-n~^{li v ed ,} 'an'd

ul~J:~a~e ~,' ~o e~~p~'r~,tl,V:~

""end! Jr

;';uac~,~,~n ic ~~Ud:1eS , ~ f

cul t u r e proc ess. ", / . : ' ." , , ,. Itis not,n e cessa ry,enee e·b'ody..o'f r,e8itr~h ach1 ~ve

~ .

^{',' these}

~olils i'~: ~ '8 tep '''~'y

^{.s·t e p'}

fa8 h io'~. , . T:her~ ':'~~ll

^'Oft;inbe'"

' ~'1 ', 'dat'a " 'frl)m~ p~~VibUS

^resea.r:ch'B'Vd,lable'

wh~.ch

will 'allow

on~

,

.. ..

:

"

s

'I("j

.

;:j

;-i'j

.

.

toproce~ddir ec tI, t~.,iif !l~;ay~"o'r''Cultur e p'roeess.' . '

. , , "", ,~

.

' .

Further, i,tis SQlIlet {CDes 'riec,ea' eu y dl~·p'r o c ee d.o neore than'

?~e fron~ ~ilD.~l~f!,~e~u.~~Y.~ fO~' example~-, '~.g ref1~~."i.' ~re:gi.?nOl)

•

~hron ol08; vh~le ' colle e'~inB cOlllP~r~tive \'dat~

^on

life~a,s .

^{.,;.: ,}

'.

A'rchaeolO~l~'a1 r.~~ ~Il':Ch., in;'New~oundi:ndl

^ofnecessity

" ,r .'" ;.'/ ; " .

....-haa.b eenfor,;~e lIoat part.ree'trict;.'!dto ~~ u~ehist.o~,.

,t h',

int:n~ ~{, t)!i·.p~_Bent'

^res!!J:'.c:h 'is,t.,o

,B~n,~~ ate dBt~

^snlL.;

1.For,t h e 'purposes of this.;eseari:h th e"t e r lll' "Nevto u ndland '-.vi l l '.be.IUll.d,t9den o t eonlytn/sularKe wfou;jd ~-and. whe:n

Haeul41:an,ruo-t es,to Labrador 081"e1l tb-!s will tie .

indlc~·ted~.in.the text,.- ,

'.,.,r

.I

! ~

interest i~the"e; plic a t i Oql of the l1few8Ysof N'ewfo"'!-!\dts"iid's prehistor1~inha b1·t a nt s·in"o{d"erthat resea rch d~rectedto'WJl,rd cu l tu re process 101111f;l1o w .

"

J

Bylife~aY9. the.t~rchaeoLogf~t mean9~

popuia tio n . d,ens i"t y. s~tl'emen t,pa tt'er n . cul tu r a lecol oRY.',tec hnolOR'Y. econ o my, s'bci a lorga n1z 8 t l on ~''ki n sh ip , 1~ga 1 syste ms•.social"st.r a t ~ f icat i on .ritusl.

osanc t ity ," art . (Thomas 1979:23&).

.

( "

.

.T he ·· ~~b. ,""nc e- ..

ttle . e " t B, .te..' ,'o vid••

,/I . ". . .. '

arc hae ol o g is'ts witha frsme'Work 'Wit hj.no"whi c h the y may c'rg e nf ae.th"d r'

observa~"10n 8 regar ~{18

ma ny

~f

these elemen ts

of"l1f eway ~ ,

'' ' 1 \ ;; . .

~~." ~~r~e~~n~~~:ss~:;:mt~O~~~:~t

^{of a}

bio log ic a l ene r gy,f rom theenv i ro n ment.

comb ined,wi tha settl em e ntsystem ad~p tedto.maximizeth e",har ve s tof this ener gyasi t sh ifts sea son a l lyor

f

~i;~~::~i;:;~:,n;h::~;~:,:~:!~;n~e:t'

technol ogy ,-e co nomy an d res o urce

~~;e~~~:~&~~h~~. :s~i:~:n~~,~;~i.:~::o~~

pat t ern•..or"round ," in.an.alfnusl CY~/'.~'

.

Wea ther andgeog r a phy .e re im,for t a n t dt:t e r rai na.n tsof set ~l em ent l.ol:s t io n si as , isalso theueed for social int era ct ,on - with a lar ger'gro up(F i tzhug h 197 211 •

SUb s istence~~et ~lellle_n.^t syst e ma, in"thB.t hey rel a t e to'

, " ,1

:h:·:::S:a::C:::;b::·~:~;::C;:::::::r a;;t: O

l: : : e::d

l::e-~:;~

t~o thear ch se o IQs1s t. It is thusnot sll,r pi~ins that tll.ey cne v e come to

'd oIl11n~ te re8e~r;h d ireetfl~

^{wa rd}!!xp l1c a t 1 o n

of"

'lif~",ays~ in

^{sOJlle"pa rt s.of}

t~e

^world::.

l As a"',~:flectlon

^{"of :}

. '1

1

I

\

,.("

~"":

' c .

II.

.. ,

ihia ,

ge nera l ,s t udi e sneve c,

1 , { , "

oJ #' "~3 ,

tr~nd . '

^{a number}

~~ !Iubs 1stenc e-se t t leme~t

. I . , \ .

been'cotfducte din Labrad~r. AtHsllt1 lton :fnlet

I r

(F'i t zh u gh,19 72) , central La,bre d'dr" a,a1ste ~a t ~e;,.re gi ?nal

:

's~ney hail"resulted in the recog;i~:i.onO"~ a set'o f ,:~.cult ur aUy specific SUbB:1f:8;ten c e -se t t l emen t..·~)',~~~m8•.The

. - ' ~. . .

: c: syst ems~av e,been gr~u redinto type s,recogni ~ i.n8 adiChO ~OIllY

~

^-'

,~'

^between

mar:i.~~::nd

terrestds -i.resource L F'it z h u gh_.::r.-

: ''..

~

^.r."_.^,_"

(197~':

_!".' ^158-161)

'def1~es,

_{. , :i-}

thes~

_','

'

,t ; pes..._:.,a's ;

Inter~ot<;:!~oH~:i.ed':'

:.'" ,;,r " , , _ "

,C/I"n te ri o r , In.J;;erio r :-Hart t:lme'I!.,!J:dHodif1ed-H8r itt.m ~-(Ta b l e 1)..

~ ~'~imi.l~r'-8tud;

conduc't:ed-byCdx(1977).ee

OkS~~·.

^{nor ther n}

"\~~b:'~d ~r . c.on,~u;8-^with these'-'i·n~er~re.tation8^and rec~, nize9 t-he.-·'e x'i s te n c e of_eueee,'of F1t..z-_h ugh 'a.:.ftype ~at·Oka~·• . :;Hod{f i e d-I n terior. Int-e r :l o r - Ha rl t1 me·.fand

Hodif1ed-,~8ri

time:

With a 81i8 ~ t iydiffe rentaPproach . St ep he~t:or :i.~8(198 3'.)..

IIddressean'o"~asing le'bay ,be e-aninn~r.bay. zon.::c~os s :' cutti.n_8'the highly indented ee e ae,b e t~~e n N;a rn and Da~ is Inlet... La'b.rador. ....~.

Farth'er;"'north. at Sa glek"Bay,(T uc k'1 975)"-a r~g ion al

_.' ,

; '

~..,

.~ u r, ey.:t~~!~c~~;""~.~ r ~ma r l 1~,cuI,eure,~h is ~ o~ ica l in ae-ope found eVi~e.rceOfv~t.ubslstenc~.-~ settl~_~nt sys tems

""! " ?"

with

~ha Inter~o r.-Harltt lleand Hbdi f ied - Ha ri t i me Plltter na. An addition al sur UT to recove rsettlemen t pa tte r n datain .

Newfpur:'~1and

^..

cOI}"~uct~d

^by11..

Pa8tore~-'r1982. '1986 ) i~ . Notr~

Dalila BaYI hae al!to employe d Fi tzh ug hIS~po logy . '

• Allof thue"s tudie s , how ev er. wer llconductedin

1!!l888ot1 al;':

l!lilllilB}-.15~.~;or:aPhic

^{.resio ns,}

::'~~'at~Ji/t ~~~i~"":" :;" ; "

examiD:ed8dee ll/ba,or inletw1thmany iEll".!!'rd~ ,.affo rdin g , .

.i t:

~'. :,.~ ."

"

... ...

tab l e.1Hami lt·on

I n1~·t .

subs:1s:en c'eillett lell$n t

~1 st eDi·t1pes -'':. . 5

Type Description

Interi ~r.Har.iti me,

' \

','

, !

i .J-

'l" ' -'"

Ln cera or, .Int er·1.or· restl'icted- "" "

subs1.st e'nce-.ssttle.llten t.t;Iy.s~elQt.

~~';~~~r7i~~~·~·:~-~·~~~.te;n.

^{" .}

, i~fhh 1. ng"d u rtng-s u ptmer.'".'~~ ~<

t r'·.<?~~d::~:~~~:.~· i'nt e ~io~

^,;,

M~~1f~~d-.I,n~e,i or· , '\';',.~~1~~i~1~f;:jl~~~ 1;;:: ~:~e~f,.'" , '. _:'~' " ,

'gene r'aliz e d 'coas tal ., ' ,"

-, , "'40 ada.p'tat i on. -Wi n t e rcs r 1.,b"ou·'.

hun t i~ 8,on inter1. ot ;sumPler ',' . -,..,'_' ~'­

",lske andcoas t a l hU1tting and-.---;-..--- ~

Us,h1.n g. . . i;

int~~io;;'.co88tal

9ubsi s t enc;-. set t l ' me; nt s1stem; . r

~'G ener a lize dwinteradaptati on .

;a pec 1 a l1ze d. c,oa s t aladB. p t8 t l ~ n

!dur i n^g 8u~~me~" '.,

C08Bta~~8trict;-ed

^•

~u~8ist·enc e..,sett-lu e nt system:

~:e~;:i~:e~e~&:'~~:;. ad;~~~ t~::

of coas t1l1'land.r-ea o ur ce s ~ (ad a p te dfrOIllF:I"tz hugh 1972:1\!) ,

,"

"

,

".-,'

- ,,', '

~., '. /. .' '.,

,c

-,'.'

,

,

...

,~.

..

,.

betw e e-n.

a t e

l,t. '.",

~:'

. ;"~'

~ ,.protectlo:n:-. f rolD thi~be~' o 'eean '(/

a:

: ~e'ct1~n' Of

^{coast I,}

i~denteCl .·with8~C'1) b~~yS . ·A·:JDajOr · f'act: r:":f'igU~1.~g

^{In-the r •. ' .}

-cho·: c e

Of ;'~ h'~~~

^{'b ay"; 89}

stUd ~ ,-~'~'s.~~

^.was

.th~f·

^{th'e r:}

~~OV~de: d

a'.~·e~s, to"

a

.vid-~ f;var::t:~~y

^of':quite.

d:iff~r~n.t ~~

^..

e ~~~'~c~

^{zone s_.} v1thin-~:;rel'8'ttve17^{sma ll;}~r~A.^{..''. ;.,'} ~:.^{: . <}

. ; :~~·;~iit9ri:':.1~1-~'~;-vB~ ·~t,08en

^is

, ~~e _jlr~ll~,o Cr:

si:udr"because.-nft epr u e n t s,'tn ' l..k·

,.:m ic~o'CQ~~~·"':I a,nl,:..o~I,,·.these colltrasts

w"i~,Hn·8 ,,~-i.nle·.t;llai e lr....l.50.m:Ues ,.An :~':'.

I.:'J.engtl1.::"~h~ ,,'inJe.t,:·de 1fc,:t t s the nortb er!'. _ .-J)oundai:r.:f~ ~·,~;I).,e,';Qp~.tinuo,u·8close-crown;.~'

.':; .'V· ,~":-:-~:;·~;_~;~t:e:.i·ci:,:n~~~;:;::t:" :~:.,~ : .

^>'

, :~;:f,;~ii~:~;:.;~~·~~:8_S::t:~~'; l~~:OUld

^<'

~::',~:'b::~y~~;/~~~r~::;tt~::8~~~t~~~~~ior :~~';;g .

^"

(~I,:'~~::~r~~~i;4)~ " " .

.

~jrs~-r'as -

^{~'. i t'is}

.

"

ava r ie t,y:,o£'us·our ce'.zonea,

but

r'ath;r~the ri ch nes s

._ , ' <, " .,. . '::. j

psrticulsJ' 2jone ~sopposedto.thos e wHeh11!IV'~r;u nded The.inqer.ba, ~e8ion of thecent ra l COllt 1a its ownunique. ecotpnfl ,e forntedswathbetw een~:t hi!i'un d ra o f 't he out8r',tslands to the l!fsst and the barrenlan~8 of the.-La.,br a d ~ r'plateau to the northsnd velsit •;'..; _ '...,,, • .

'fa~;:l~-~~:o:~~:~n~~~~: d:~~~~e~~:e~f

^the/

terre~.~_~l~.~,'end.ma r in'&"fauna thatare

. if.

'.' I 'i' ~ ":

)

!

-,/

- ( ^,

.}.

;'

.~

'.

/.

G

C

.,

. .

unlqi.te.to'~as ^{weft air'other}delle~t8

that sri lIIo re h18hi,-co nce ntra te d be re than el nW'here(Lorin g 1983 :32. 33) •

;.~

It_,

. .. .

was u^{" ' ",} pected

.

e}let~b,POP llla t l

,

orllin habiti

.

ngthe~.

.

-!8 sea rc b unly,e r suvo~ l dhllln bee nab l e to 8ch.d ul.. tbe~r aubslat e..fe;"act t'fl tiea

to

interc e pt'ee eeee e e peaks in a IIs nner

whi ch

1II1.n1.tz e d

Jhe ' effo~t ·e·zJ~nd.d

ⁱn"'te a;el,

th;. : co~~enir~t!~8

^{sttu 'of}

~iffere~~·. t7P~a

^.

"'lthl~ ·th ~ itegl ~n .

SUCh'::

re 81~ftI ~~ve ·be.en

^ibe

pr~ lIIar1 fo lct

of arc ha e ologic al

. ' . , " 1 ' . " .'

re~e.rCh dire c t edtowards 8Ub81stetlCe\8e~tlelllent'::~;8telll: \-r . ana118~a."la r g e lya rlB u l t of thearc~aeol~~.ht'8·desireto

.':IDs xcf'lIiz e-'t:h·e.~-d i.~er8i t7^{of their S"it1sampl e'awithII.}D1i nbu lII of IIl'Har t ",

No t allare'..ebere prehisto ri c populations ar e,k-n ovn 'to baye

e~isted ,

^{howeTer:"!].aTe tbe}

resou~ stru~tu.re"

^ofa

:de e l?~ay or in l·etcomparab leto tbat deac ri" b"edI!-b oTe, Such

ba,aare ~b;e~ t ·fr~ the La brad or-Queb ec southshore ,.and on"

.the~est ^coast 01'New foun d land 0017B;';, of leiandeand ~olln~.

·~co.~~re, ~onS"I"il"i'rt"n 8

^{espe ciall y tha.t}

.D.~.i~he r

^{of tbue}

areas hasJet ben subjectedec sJste lD"tic resional

J • " ' . 2 ' ...

su bSiat e nc.l- se tt leme ntst udies •~n e r &1impo rt an tquestions shQuld...be'po s ed': Do aubslste.nce-s e·ttluent.'a,at e llls in thes e ar e a s differ frolll,tho se-Ln an r#gion cbaracu'dzedb, d;eep 1f'a,s~ -~r ⁱ'nle;.ts'l ·,~u rth~.^{'is.i t}'poss i b le thatgeogr8Pht"~ configurations.o t her than the deepbaf.~r 11).let cbul d .proTidea'cc ess to

a:

^{nr i e t, of rn ourc.}ZO ~" Iandbe of'

2 Dr~ ^M.A..P. Renouf of MemortalUalv Bn l t y 4-1curre'ntlJ.

:~:~ ~t;:~::8:~~:. ~ nI~::'v~:tt~~a:~r:f·:e~~~;:d~::d:alrlt

^{; ....}

(

i

I

.ialpo r taae e ee.the are'haeoio8 11lt7 Byad du.ah lth.e"lIe0

._,0.<1.... . '},. . ^'!i•• "j'. ; . th~ "b ~h""C '-" ".1n.n t

<, ',tudie

J

I:.llh1Chha'Yebe.~n·c' ~cted :1$de e pb.ats or 1nl:t;1I .

:.:~Onl!J tltGte'8.bia s edaSllp1.e. udth atr.g1o!l:'II,:v.i t bot hlr

), types of'

r'e8ou~c;-

.try.et llre s IIho.alel tie

~.~.~.~.n~d . · / -<

. 1tva's 1Dth; coatut or- the'a e

.rl~~~.il.~. ·~a~

^{8 ','}

. . , . _· ~~:~~:~;~~~~;:~i~ i(:~·;:;~; ~~l~;g;: _ ."., -

Ind.P(Jrt,au Port Bar to the·;.no r th •. .Neit her-'-ofthese';Ba r~::'"•.

eor~eapondS

^{closol ,}

~~

^the

:~'JPe

^of

':;' ~~;::

_-t.

~ es:r'ib'ed

. " . ,'.

a bo~~~'

.

as

.,

. '

'}

\) :'.

. .. . . : ::: :::. ·:a;'~::::·~:-2::·::':: ~::;~~·:.::n :·:;:~ 1C:t ; . .,

e·haraC~.r1ze~

^and

,JJet ~· ~~;~ ·~:.h~·;

^lIay••

S~IIUar17. P~~t

IUPo rt,.~.~ 1 eolita1ll1onl1one·18~a n d . Foxbland, aelIell aa

~.'

.

.'~.

on~ saa;l·I.lJ1nd &lida sul l st dng of rocks 7to 10".

!~ lo

^{...ter ! :atof the"lIout')-..of the haJ3}

Iceco n di tl onl ontile so uthwes t"coa-; tof Hellfounh .nd

.lr e radi ca l lydiffer a n·t:!rO"1IIeuee e exper.1ellc~"", ~ll ~he^bay

reg ionsof La br a dor an d·the n,ort h e s a tCOait of,.Hev ~.oundla nd.

. s' t

~.:,.'.•::',i:..~.-.:••.~..•:,.~ ,...__

3 Po~t-f1eld"or k re.~ea'*'Fh^{has.reveal ed that} poet"gla c1al ,J . eeal~" al flu ct u. tio llilin the reg1'onhavesignificantl y alte red.th e sh oreli neof thePor t auPor t re gi on. The lIIax111uIII de"lItlon fr ompr e s ent occurre d at rOlis h lyS,8DO

:1:11:~d t:'·t: ;:?~f B~~; :.~:.~::~ l~:~~;l~~d ~~~h~~:l:ns~~P~ '

'••a~er al 10"ial.nels 1ftPo rtallPortBaJ'and.~jutl ~ outdde . it e.outh·•.See 41ecuSll o nand Hap.2 inthe·fallo,~1nS.r

ch .ptlr. . . ..

".

Se4 ic e'on th.e southwestco a starrives later, its co,erage.

'1sle ss.extensive•and i t1s pr eeene fo-r a shor ter.pe ri o d before It....t.etr"8.t~~}he^{lI\a j o r}im~act^{of this} d,1ffe rence is'

~hemanner'in -:hic~-:_,aff~ct;Bthe.availabil ityof 9.881s~ Thevari et y,ofsealspecies presen t.inan aeee, as wel l as

th~ t_iIlll~g

^0'£

th~1r a;'tUabi_~ity ~9 pr ~ma ~ty ~

^{func ti on of,,:}

t,he presenc eor/~.!I ence^0,£:S.~8ice,andthetiming0'£ its.·' adva ncea'ltd r,;tr e s_t. Thesea ice'c ondit ions of the sou t h we s t coist

t-hU~'

^{cont"r't-bute}

.t~'

^the

f or~8t:1on

^{of.!·_'(er; -}

dlfferC::r~'~tu~e

~ . ^of

lIlarl~e

.

res~urees

. -^{in thePor t au}

^;;'r't .

Peninsu l~ re gio n"than innor\he aste rn.Newfou n d land,and La br a d o r coas t.

, In8d~ltlon . whilethe inner per t e ~f Po'~tau Port Bo'y

'"and'St.George 's a,ar',provi de dacce aa.ec t.e rr e s t ri al

re s our ce s. asdid the type of bays descr:1bed above. tile

. .

bo t t om of Po r'tau Port

Bel

also,pr~ vi d ed eeeee e to anoth~r m~ ma rin e zone. that of St.George'lll Bay. A'lIst -tlelDent inthe vi c i n ity'of tile,htlllDuscou ldhave,t'~kenadvantage of ..~~".^re s our c espf~the r~a y ^a:twill,an :1mpot't a nt·fa.c~t

~hen

^weather"wo'6..d ha ve deni'edacces: to one but

no~ ~he

e ther , Tho

'oth~~'

^{vo u " ala, ha vo·"a n} a ,<rotoi,) . ....' loc at io n fromwh~chee.hunt caribo u8ho~ldthei r8e8llon~1 mi gr a t i onha ve,in volv e d mqve..ment';behee n the p~n l n: s u laend"

th~'m.ai nLa n d:. It,issug ge ~te d thatthis clinf 1gurationof, ' , ev e maj or

bO d~ateI:, ~~.p~r8t,ed

^{by:a nl n o-w}

~lsth~ul

^./

would hav e~COD8tltut~d'^a'8U b'8ie't 18~lrdUfer et!t:st"rllctur ~ ,'of resollr,ce'athaD th'at indee pislanded"baYBorinleu. A'

"

..

"~"

,.-= .;;

"'f

mo re fUll f,~'~veloped,'~lscUSSi~n~c;f"tti:e lfatl,lra'l en!ir'on,ll~nt

of the Po'r t'au-por~.Penillsula'fo;low~,ln i:he',n'ext.chapt~r. ,T h er e.",·er e·i·se.,-ora l sdd1ti~nal"rea8.o~:a_iort~e-c~oice·,at

. .

^' .. : ' .,'... . . ' ' . ' /

~be.Po rt.au PO,rJ::P~.n~DS~ l~ }':,~ the.re!e~,~.dlre 8. A,S alana Jha~ 1I.e u r rcun ded'a l~o lt~cOlllplefel y.--bY'vat e r,tfu!rese8rc~..

,,:~ea

^was

~ery

^..

ea.s~l'y, il.~·~in;:d· :~ :' T~~, ·~~.nlfJ~il ~·~' ~a,~ ,ais~,. ,.,

.p r ovid e d,If;~ t h enad.il:'lI.a~e',r~.4.~·ae...tvgr k ;"'thU ~..,~ in~~1z~~ B-' lOgistie ai.dlffiCuitie~.~n ~etms

0'"

tra..?sp?rt ~ng^{th e}SJJr~e~y^, crew.-.F.i:iial ly.pJ:.ev~ous,resea rc h

.:in

"die,,regi ,On,(C."a~lgna·D '.

l'~75

^•

., ·;~'''.l~d

^{'t' ;}

p r~. ~.ce. ;~ f~~';l ;~;.i~~ :~' th" ~ ~,r~ ,

aur0f t Ine (DdBq-l). It was',ho,pe d .,.that ~h~ presenc eof

faun~l

^{materlalin at.'leastone}

~i.t'~ 1Ii ·.:th'e' ,~-e·8:~qn

^\bllld:;

," ,

,.,:

:~et;1t~.,t~ d

r- ••

'n8 eo. t h ',':n, "8,ardi:~:8' ~'~,t~

^-.

r': "

{ indfunct ion . . "

I ..' .

! t ...18 unfottunAte th...c;;'ue

;~-

^'t'ime

a~'d f.~~~::~

"." . ,cons traints the'f:1. e l.d.eea pe uene

o f

^{"t hi; p.ro j e c,t ·vas} .~n:~^II>

"

.

^, "" . . ; "' '

.

aU;ltantiall'Y lIIl.all~ r&c,ale t;h~~would.ha veb~en:.'~a1• .Io~tead'0: e.mul t i -year pr.o~ e.~t,...he ~ e,arc~~e o l 0 81c~16\an'd

ecolog icaldatamight beto ~ l ected io or d e r toformula te subsia.tenee-settl.ement

.s ys~em mOde~~ ';"'hiCh,:al~b~' ~e-sted ';'

in 1lJ~'(le~uen\; f'1e:~d' 8ea80ns .

^this"

p.roje~t·

^...

~s ·-·~.!ite-n~e~: to

ofcui.turaUy',s pe c i fi c'8ub.sl~tence-Be t tleme1!t·s,;s te ms.

,

. .

. ~

T,~~ ~~ sy~~em'a ver.e.,th e n to~e IP~ cul at1ve ,l Yfles lle( .out

' o 'n

t~8,baSill,.o.f"'r"lell'o u r ce,W'l'lith~teknownto h8!e " "

a't',a:L;~ble'vidl~h e 8 e sl).eculat~onB ser,vl~gJl8'foel tn~e"

dnalopeda,nd,tested'by fut u re r e e e a rcb,

I:;'

:

..

'

;,;.

;

. .

,r

10

.,

'"

'';-'.-

,

^.

Several d1ff1cult1~s veee encoun t e r'e;"whi ch c:ontrl"b uted

to8'paucity of dat. a .whi c hcou l dbeuaed to

;Ull~ rea~iz'e'

^.

,. ' th~ !I,prl.m~r,Y Obj_~t;ve,(l.e;postIl:4~1alco ~t a l'flOOd ln~', an d thq non-reprUl.enU~ ivenet:u re0,£~-t aunal rece vertee, lie .•~ ^•Chapter ~

- n

l)ndVb·e lo w).•':Asa resu l·~.^{B,pair of} seconde f r" iJ.

. ,

' ''.'. .

objecti.,!,!"!

S\lg8'es~ ea'

^by

9~~lBn9'i

^{(197 58)}

s urv~ ,.r ~e po rJ:

::~~ ::::~~·::~~;;;\:::,~:::':~ :e::::.::::~: :I::

^p

:::::c:::; _~n

::~.:;::'. , · (19 · ,5); :" , _{?~P .~~~.6').}

'.

i,

1.'• •

t~.'·,

^{he pre pc..' th...·}

;:~~.;.:'.-:" . . ~> .. ~ ~~.':'

^{.:.=":.-' .v.'. ;.•.•}

;'.~

^{••. . .}

'1:' \" " " . , d:·:',--:~:

^..

··'~ ·:.>;:-;;:" , , 'j ,J, /:.J i L-"

^{p' ..,; .}

. .At:>tti·~:·ts-tillDUS site~'^DdBq':'2 .-Ca rill nan friund e;1de nceof

" "'.'

.... ...

^.'.-

..

~

.

^':

^{. .}

^'.--

'"

" a

.~ll r8 "tE8k:J;mo..o.c.c~~ p~:..t1.on~ .I n addi t i on he reco.v ejll!d m" t i liia l-he ."c o nsider edt~··j.·e la tet,o the Beothuk Indians'at

, '. .. ·~h~,PDr< ·.·~!or; ;1to,.~B'-1. ^{..;, ••} th' f oll. .10' . eco,,'"""

;,~~ , :,: :-.', . . ~·~,:e:~::~:~~c.::~: ::o:;:~:~;;t:uc::::~:e:~:8:::':: .,

":: ~'

^.:':".

··.~~~·a~t~~9A::t~. '~~e

^{'reg iOna l'}

eipra~aion~

^{g'f.the Dorse tin}

.•

~

^{,< ",' ,:}

1! elffOU ~d'l.~l_· .a:i

^{,has been}

8ddre98e~

^by

DOU8 ~81

^Robbins

'.-( 1985, 11)84).. . . . ;-and t,...o.,i,d-e n tity an ddesc r ibe Recent Indi an

..

.;.;,.~omp,Q~e'~~._!.~. 'th~c..ont~x: t'ofe eseer c hco~d","eted onthe,.~olJt h.'

~^COBSe...(p~~ne:Y"'H81,.:.^{198 2,.1985 ) snd}

i n

^"I{ot;.reDa meBs ,._ -

::<'p~~to,r8:' ~~8"i~~:X'9&~ ;'~ ·19~~ .

^{1985). c; '. .}

<4'• • •

:w~'th ;~ lJai:i ~'ti' ::t~,e : ;oi~er, ~ob'b 1~s

^{(l.965 , 198.6) argued:}

: '

, f. . _~.~ .?:.~i·.~" ':'" ^{' ,. :.:} a ~~ln8t,.~·he

^not.i,O?

,~'f_

^a

U~lror'm.;.N.w~oun~lan~ Dor~f

^culture.

_;: '. ':.:;,..::i ?,neep:t"wh ic h'

:!~:o s~ targll~

^{.£rOIll.thework:of}

L~nnaaaae

;

....

/

/

..

.., "11

.

r~'g::n'a1 ~x\ressions

^{of Dorset} in N"ewfoundland'(Table

2 l~

These

;nct~de:

^{the 'west,c oa s t,".-}"aloog.the'

lIes~

^{.'c oa a t:o f}

the island andth~eaatl::oast.ofthe creet Northern .(

,pe'n1~Bu18~Robbins

^{19,85:139).'t'he,}

'n~r't'h~:;t c~ast'. · ,'in

^.

'IBODa'V1ataB8Y.,·~ndwhich "with'f~rth'erwork~8·Y prove't o ha'ld.'i o r the·e u t ern·part ofN~t'r'e^Dame~Ba,tl(Rob!:llns,''-'

- " ,

^.

^{. ...}

^{. .}

^{. ..}

^"

^{.. .}

^{" . "}

1985:..13,9),,'and,the 'a·.outh:coa,a.~'.wpi.ch"inc~~d.e..s.'for',no,""

the'~nt~ :e.Do.rse't ~cc~p~t~,~~of's.o~~hern ife~f~undland.r'f,~,olD.:

"th'ehthulUs'"of~h'al~n,'t o::p~'~e'Ra'y"' ,,(R6bbjns·'19!J5:t~O)'~~'

,

". . . ~. ". .~"

·

An a l ys is o£ th~,Dorsetn.,thl~.~~atf!rialrecoveredfrom. :'t h & Port au',: o.r.t ,'

p,ett~n~ui~:~O'~dtrecdl O~ ~Obb~;,S

^I

thes~s'

and~P! o ~1d e ~ aSP~.~U~~m~Ch~niS,~WhiCh,e ~ ~~d n e d,a Bre.a;,'-", de,8~'of·~her:eg10nal·variabili.ty~e o~se~vedin.~ n d",b l a d e«.., 's't y l e !l ' "'Li t h i C~~,aly~i9c~ns~sted'"oi~be"derivati.oo'0'£.'8,

set of

1ndustrh~ "( e~~

^blade.

mici:·obl~~e

^•.

~xpon"di.n8

^{,,£ i a ke}

sc.r8~er~

,b1 fa c e:e t c. ,)·a n d e'}UCidat"ins.;

fa; ,;~ ":P09Si ble th~.~ .~.

redu~t1on

'sequenceC'; '

£'o~·eseh. f~~;1lI ~";..anuf~~ture . th:'OU:8h~ ~.,

^-,'.'

..'

m~1,~;ten'8nc~:':. t~. :Ci-t-~C~:d ~ ·'··~h~ 1d.;·tll·:'iiro·~ed~:e ,

^o,f'

~ ;e~i ~~'in.8")" ·

^:.,

or~C,Onj01n~~8.·c~f.,~~h~n".'[e~le; ,~nd.VO~",Not~n^{,19J 9;.Frisa.n .,'.,} .1968•.'1974;'

LaUgh~in a~!i 'Aig'~~'~ .i96i;,.~p~~,r',e.i

^{'18 8 0 ;'}

j:~,n ,, "··

^!,,';

'.Not-en.

Cah~n ~a'nd I~~ley \1~80 ~~ wa~

^no'r;:

,e,mPlh~'d ';~u«t '

^to

~~'

^..:

..lneolllpleU saaiPle.··'

T~e' S~a~Y8i'~'

^thus

·. i'~llo';ed· a'"·llIor~·

^.'

., .,".,,,•.. ~ ~~ ." !'.' . ' ' '' ,

'!' ,' ;,, ~'.,.. .

.

12

Table'2 Regional.expr-8s;hna of Dorset culture in "Newfoundland

\

<:

. ...

;,

.

Dominant Lithic', HatHip!

Origll.\ally blue'to ,',. blue,,:,sreen

• IIster1'al, nov exhiUt;'. inl ll·vhite or bro vn',: ' ..Pllt i Qa .,

q,-ullrtz cry.stal,h.; .1s o,cOlllllon;

and ext en- , sive.1J us'a d fo r: end "

sc r a per s and Ill'icro'blades .

End:Bla de

. ~t J le.

Relath'el, ahott. Varlet)' of ....

and broad'v ith fine.Br a..l ne d couvn:..aldes"and'~'cc:i l Olrf u l .ark~diJconcave .ejie eee, :

baa.elJ. ' . ;, . .' . :. ',,' .', .-"

•...7 •,...\~,^••' :~:-:

~~-!ltern . ;:~~::~;-: ;c.~ · ·

of sea jlIBlD.lIa19 .'

-.:v

,~. <: _~ ~O-:e:~:;:~::~'~~t

enC8I11punts·"it.h. . car ibou-' ...;. .

possible"'se c o nda ry

...,fo e us. ..1 "

Region'. Sett'lell.ent .; P.tt.~.

''':

North- .~Sm8iJ;~r 8roup~' .,Ge-ner a lli."l a'rg'er "Bh.e or

"e'&B:~ern :~:~~;C~~~t~ :~~~e ~::~ ~~~~e1l;:8~:;' ·. ~~;~·ll t~ . .. .

t ime s creating. :.l e n 8t h/~l dth·, ·. ape cia l's e a Ili81lmal ra tios". '.light l , . hu nti ng st.aott oRs , conca y . or. ,

." and p0881blJa-lso st r a1 8 h:t bases and .•

,caribou hUAtlllg.'. . ge nt l y coDt'ex or atatloDS.i,lI..) : -et r si gh t'd~es.

,.,hi D t ~ rla n d.:~ e g t..:o llS. ,

•• ,,: so.uth-etn

:~:~t:~e1I~~l~i~~r ~~~elI:~~~;:~t

^ee"

·;::~:~~e': ~(d~e^..~.:^{end blade., but}

to.abllellce.;'of ofta'll~.sround . ~

. ID1suto rJt,ea\

,...herd'h no large""

. arop.;.hgs exc.ept ll:!..l,oc at.i o naw,!,h er e

~:~o~~e::r~i~~~;~d'

^. '· 'f n:-elos·eproxi lll l t~ .

\

'.J

13

,'~

'.

subjective route, rel'Yl~~ on q;f8~1l~a'rlty with lithi,c

·.te c h !, o l l?8J in/order.t~ 1.de.nt~fy"t.h e products of various.

,stases of 1lI8nu.~act'ure and'.ma l nt e n a nce.,a nd.:i nkthemin t,he

,lIlo.~t10glcal .e,~quence. Itwa s ho.pe~that by,avoldin,8the'

more"tr~d1ti~~.~lend product Or~E!firedtYpol'0.81c~1'8p,~roa~h (ef.,Laughlin and Aigner 1966,)that new•.principe],1y

.

^{,.- ,.'} ~ . \

. .

~hh ol o 8 i e a l" eJ:p1anati~n:s'ofin t r a':"and inter-site

artif8Ic-~' '~8r~abilitY cr~~ld

^be

fOr'ol~rded.,

in the c'sse.,,,of.

,.Dof8~.<'e ~~d hl,~d·ea.,·~~ ;exp.ari~~ni ~'~a~~: ~c;ape'~s S(~?i f1c'l!nt; .~ " ,

resultsv~'rfli.itc h i !!lve d-.

It.W88

c~nc1uded

that, variation,l n"the

~orm·~f

^..

en~ 1

blades from',theP~,rt 8'!.-Port s.1.te.,th8·t qf.8 I.~w^{long end} blades, and,a mejO,rlty'0 (.short e'ndblades,vas 8'r~ t"o fI'~

~h,e

application:of',

~ip fl~t'ing

^{:a s a}.ma i n t e'o a,n c e

proc~d~"",e ,

·'~~e re8B~nl':lg- bE!h.~d,thisWBS,t h a t not msny endh18_d~s~e

expected,to be>os~ ~ dia~Brdedsoo~after t,hei.r '

, I ,-. ' . " _ '

,manufacture , a·tilll~"',hen theywerest~ll,lo,n.gand could be

;eaharpened for.furt.her 'u a e.: !hegre~t~at'I}u,mber'o f e nd bladesW8S'expec:o,t!~,d^'t o enter the"e'rchaeolog1cal c!JRtext;

after,rEI,peated',eesione of

ti~

^fl ut,i og Which uinmat.ely. ' sho rtened t.hslIIto,th~ point,'\l'ere they becalll~ n'on-fu~_ction.al and weredlsca:rd~d.

Rst_~rl.1i?g t?

^Ro'bblnt";,obaer-vat1ons

o f rel:;lv1tl~

^sho'rt

end ~lad~~ ~anUfae~u~ed f~Olll h:l~~u~'l1tych,~rto~-t'~ewest

•e088tan d longer end,bl a de s" of coarser rhyoliteon th~

..r \ o·r'tha a'8 t

co~~t ,

:it ."as,

~tgued

^th'Q.tthis,

8iz~

difference'

w~~';

" ·t he result of_an,'1nab'ili t , to aucceasf.«il yr eehe e pen (and.Ln-.

I' " ' . ' "\ ',~'. ' \'

I,

'.: N'

14

doing, snorten )'t l'le co a rse rl'ly,o Ute end blades by t ip' fl~t1ng ^asmsiiJ t~m e ~^{'e s} wss po ss ibl e £?rt~,~·^{finergra Lne d} ~'­ chert'end blades. Stmil a r,l y , the soft 'Patinatedcne rt,used'

~~ the:s o'ut ~^>c~as~WBS'con;,i~er:dless suited.~? repeat.~d'

t1p'f l u t ing uhan.the fine gr s 1il'e dche r t·of the ves e coe ec.,

'. : ' ' I'. • ' '; ~

Further, H appear edthat asep ara te'or addit ionsl technique of

manufa~ture a~-d m:'ln,t~~nce

^{',wss,us ed,'''on'th'is}

'IIIP't~r'~'~l~ ~

" ' . ' . '. .~~ , " . '

..

"t h a tof grin d h g, a tec h n iq ue ~itp',quite;'diffe rt!!n't:,~;,}

•

·1.mp{'lca~on

_{. -}

a

_'>:,:

regar~lng\Va'r1abi.fity

_{' ':;"}

;0 ' 'the" S hap~

_•^oi,an_• ^.

artifact through .it- IIperi-cd of functional·ut i li.t y't ha n tha t 1'"

of tip"n ut i n g.

Th-~s, th~ '

^{"t yp e of.r a w}

v~a,~eria1:' us'e~~ ·'.r

~~lon,

in conjuncti on" "

~ain~ni'nte. "?"?" ):, _{~ , y~,}

·Cog~.~ude~tooeXPl...aln :eg10n81 vari~t1oni.nDO-rset end~'blad el!l' e cr-cee N.e~found1a.nc1.

This approach"to artifactan81;'818 81s~yl'a ld ~d

,!s l u a b l e 1n"'B1ghts'inth,e,''CBs e of Dor'setlflltpanding flake end

•

Bc.r~P;er8,

^{.... Again}1Il8in:c-:enanc e procedure s

It'~~e

^{used to}

exp1a ~n

~aria ti?~

ⁱⁿ

~he t~rlD

^{of th'e·}

ariU~~ta ,

^{to aome}

'e x i:.en t~

•iortitl.g

~u't tb~

^'maze

a t

^{Dorset s}c r a p e r·ftypes',proposed by

"' ,

' .'~;

other·r !,8~ srch e ra,).

Regardin g th.~ letter..S~c qJl d8rY ob j ec t ~ v e no;~edabove, ,t he

f~ur a~ tlfal!rt ·

^tHea

d.~,( ined "

^{by'Pen'ne, '}

( l~~n a~

d,iagDostic of the Lit'tl,e~P 8II a a g ee~lD'p1 ex.Leer nee notched projectile.po!n ~s, trian,Bu'lar '61faces', ~n d ~.c.raperl"and 11n*;8:['l.lake's)

were

,id ~ n t if ~e d ^on't h e Por-t au'Port P.eninsula, and sn alldi:'tionsl.s e t of provisionai Little.

·Pa8lll'age in d u s t f i e s (c onc av,e side'B,er-apers','l a r g e ~VOi,~:

'\