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INVITED PAPERS.CAN WE "SEE " THE LATTICE DEFECTS IN CRYSTALS ?

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HAL Id: jpa-00216811

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00216811

Submitted on 1 Jan 1976

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INVITED PAPERS.CAN WE ”SEE ” THE LATTICE

DEFECTS IN CRYSTALS ?

A. Guinier

To cite this version:

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Abstract. — A lattice defect is characterized by : i) its position and the arrangement of the atoms around it and ii) by its energy levels. We shall consider here only the first point. The atomic defect perturbs the incident wave, which gives rise to two possibilities, the formation of a direct image and of a figure of diffraction. The mechanism of the production of defect images by electron microscope will be discussed and the results obtained on a few particular samples will be analyzed. On the other hand, the characteristics of the X-ray diffraction phenomena are to give only an average view of the environment of the atoms : but recent progresses in the techniques have considerably improved the sensitivity of X-rays.

In fact, in both cases, the information of the location of atoms in the perturbed region are not direct : one must start from a model, calculate its effects and compare with the experimental data. But in spite of these restrictions, these methods are very important for the interpretation of the spectroscopic data.

INVITED PAPERS

CAN WE « SEE» THE LATTICE DEFECTS IN CRYSTALS ?

A. GUINIER

Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bât. 510,

Université Paris-Sud, Faculté des Sciences, 91405 Orsay, France

Résumé. — Un défaut cristallin est caractérisé par : i) sa position et l'arrangement des atomes

qui l'entourent, ii) ses niveaux d'énergie. Nous ne considérerons ici que le premier point. Le défaut atomique perturbe l'onde incidente, provoquant soit la formation d'une image directe, soit celle d'une figure de diffraction. On discutera la formation des images des défauts en microscopie élec-tronique et on analysera les résultats obtenus sur quelques échantillons. La diffraction des rayons X par ailleurs est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle ne donne qu'une vue moyenne de l'environnement des atomes, mais des progrès techniques récents ont considérablement accru la sensibilité des rayons X.

En fait, dans les deux cas, les informations concernant la position des atomes dans la région perturbée ne sont pas directes : on doit partir d'un modèle, calculer son effet et comparer avec les résultats expérimentaux. Cependant, malgré ces restrictions, ces méthodes sont très importantes pour l'interprétation des expériences spectroscopiques.

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