User's Manual

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UNIPLUS+ SYSTEM V

User's Manual

Section 1

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Portions of this material have been previously copyrighted by:

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated,' 1980 Western Electric Company, Incorporated, 1983

Regents of the University of California

Holders of a UNIX and UniPlus+ software license are permitted to copy this docu- ment, or any portion of it, as necessary for licensed use of the software, provided this copyright notice and statement of permission are included.

UNIX is a Trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Inc.

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UniPlus+ is a Trademark of UniSoft Corporation of Berkeley.

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INTRODUCTION

This manual describes the features of System V UniPlus+, a UNIX operating system. All commands, features, and facilities described in this manual are available on U niP Ius + .

This manual is divided into two volumes containing a total of six sections, some containing subsections:

1. Commands and Application Programs:

1. General-Purpose Commands.

lC. Communications Commands.

1 G. Graphics Commands.

2. System Calls.

3. Subroutines:

3C. C and Assembler Library Routines.

3M. Mathematical Library Routines.

3S. Standard I/O Library Routines.

3X. Miscellaneous Routines.

4. File Formats.

5. Miscellaneous Facilities.

6. Games.

Section 1 (Commands and Application Programs) describes programs intended to be invoked directly by the user or by command language procedures, as opposed to subroutines, which are intended to be called by the user's programs. Commands generally reside in the directory Ibin (for binary programs). Some programs also reside in lusr/bin, to save space in Ibin. These directories are searched automati- cally by the command interpreter called the shell. Sub-class lC contains communication programs such as cu, send, uucp, etc.

Section 2 (System Calls) describes the entries into the UNIX kernel, including the C language interface.

Section 3 (Subroutines) describes the available subroutines. Their binary versions reside in various system libraries in the directories llib and lusr/lib. See intro(3) for descriptions of these libraries and the files in which they are stored.

Section 4 (File Formats) documents the structure of particular kinds of files; for example, the format of the output of the link editor is given in a. out(4). Excluded are files used by only one command (for example, the assembler's intermediate files). In general, the C language struct declarations corresponding to these formats can be found in the directories luSr/include and lusr/include/sys.

Section 5 (Miscellaneous Facilities) includes descriptions of character sets, macro packages and other system features.

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Introduction

section are alphabetized, with the exception of the introductory entry that begins each section. The page numbers of each entry start at 1. The version date of the entry appears in the lower left corner of each page. Some entries may describe several routines, commands, etc. In such cases, the entry appears only once, alphabetized under its "major" name.

All entries are based on a common format, not all of whose parts always appear:

The NAME part gives the name(s) of the entry and briefly states its purpose.

The SYNOPSIS part summarizes the use of the program being described. A few conventions are used, particularly in Section 1 (Commands):

Boldface strings are literals and are to be typed just as they appear.

Italic strings usually represent substitutable argument prototypes and program names found elsewhere in the manual.

Square brackets [] around an argument prototype indicate that the argument is optional. When an argument prototype is given as "name"

or "file", it always refers to a file name.

Ellipses ... are used to show that the previous argument prototype may be repeated.

A final convention is used by the commands themselves. An argument beginning with a minus -, plus +, or equal sign = is often taken to be some sort of flag argument, even if it appears in a position where a file name could appear. Therefore, it is unwise to have files whose names begin with -, +, or =.

The DESCRIPTION part discusses the subject at hand.

The EXAMPLE part gives example(s) of usage, where appropriate.

The FILES part gives the file names that are built into the program.

The SEE ALSO part gives pointers to related information.

The DIAGNOSTICS part discusses the diagnostic indications that may be pro- duced. Messages that are intended to be self-explanatory are not listed.

The WARNINGS part points out potential pitfalls.

The BUGS part gives known bugs and sometimes deficiencies. Occasionally, the suggested fix is also described.

At the front of each volume there is a table of contents and a permuted index.

The permuted index is a computer-generated index that uses the information in the NAME part of each entry in the User's and Administrator's Manuals. The permuted index contains three columns. The center column is an alphabetic list of keywords as they appear in the NAME part of the entries. The last column is the entry that the keyword in the center column refers to. This entry is followed by the appropriate section number in parentheses. The first column contains the remaining information from the NAME part that either precedes or follows the keyword.

For example, to look for a text editor, scan the center column for the word "editor". There are several index lines containing an "editor" reference, Le.:

ed, red: text editor. . . . . ed(1) files. ld: link editor for common object . . . Id(1)

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Introduction

You can then turn to the entries listed in the last column, ed(1) and Id(l), to find information on the editor.

On most systems, all user manual entries are available on-line via the command, q.V.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Commands and Application Programs

intro ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰introduction to commands and application programs 300 ⁰ ⁰ handle special functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals 4014 ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰paginator for the Tektronix 4014 terminal 450 ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰handle special functions of the DASI 450 terminal acctcom ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰search and print process accounting file(s) adb ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰debugger

admin ⁰create and administer

sees

files

ar ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰archive and library maintainer as ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰assembler asa ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰interpret ASA carriage control characters at ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰execute commands at a later time awk ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰pattern scanning and processing language banner ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ make posters . banner7 ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^{0 0} ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰print large banner on printer base name ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰deliver portions of path names bc ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰arbitrary-precision arithmetic language bdiff ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ big diff bfs ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰big file scanner bs ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰a compiler/interpreter for modest-sized programs cal ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰print calendar calendar ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ reminder service cat ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰concatenate and print files cb ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰

e

program beautifier cc ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰

e

compiler cd ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰change working directory cdc ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰change the delta commentary of an

secs

^delta

cflow ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰generate

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flow graph chmod ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰change mode chown ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰change owner or group clear ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰clear terminal screen cmp ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰compare two files col ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰filter reverse line-feeds comb ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰combine

sees

^deltas

comm ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰select or reject lines common to two sorted files cp ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰copy, link or move files cpio ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰copy file archives in and out cpp ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ the

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language preprocessor . crypt ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰encode/ decode csh ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax csplit ⁰ ^{0 · .} ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ^• ^• ^• ^• ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ^• ^• ⁰context split ct ⁰ ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ^•spawn getty to a remote terminal ctags ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰maintain a tags file for a C program cu • • • • • ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^{• •}⁰ ^{• •}⁰ ^• ⁰call another UNIX System cut ⁰ ⁰cut out selected fields of each line of a file cw . . ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰prepare constant-width text for troff cxref • . ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ^• generate C program cross reference date . . ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ⁰ ^• ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ^• ^• ⁰ ^• ⁰print and set the date

dc desk calculator

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Table of Contents

diffdir . . • • • . . . • . • diff directories

diffmk • . . • mark differences between files

dircmp . • • • • . . directory comparison

du . . • • . . . • . . . • . . . summarize disk usage echo . . . • . . . • . . . • echo arguments

ed • . . . . • . . . . • . text editor

efl • . . . • . . . • • • • . . . Extended Fortran Language enable . • . . . • . . . • • . • . . enable/disable LP printers env . • . . . . • • . . . set environment for command execution eqn . . . • . . format mathematical text for nroff or troff ex . . . • . • . . . • . • . • • . . . • . . . • • • • . . text editor expr . • • . . . • • • • . . • evaluate arguments as an expression exterr . . exterr - turn on/off the extended errors in the specified device factor. . . • . . . • . . . • . factor a number file • . . • . . . • . . . • • • . . . . determine file type find . . . • . . . • . find files freq . . . • • . . . report on character frequencies in a file fsplit . . . . • • . . . • . . . . • split fortran, ratfor, or eft files get . . . • . . . • . . . . • get a version of an

sees

file getopt . • . . . • . . . . • . . . • . . . parse command options greek • . . . . • . • • . . . . • . • . . . select terminal filter

grep . search a file for a pattern

head . . give first few lines

help . . . ask for help

hex. . . . • . translates object files

hostname . . . • . . . • set or print name of current host system hp . handle special functions of HP 2640 and 2621-series terminals hpio . . . . • • • • . . • • • • . . . HP 2645A terminal tape file archiver hyphen . . • . . . • • • . . . • • . • . • • find hyphenated words id . . • • . • . • • • • • • • • . • . print user and group IDs and names ipcrm • . . . . remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id ipcs • . • • . . . • . report inter-process communication facilities status join • • • • . . . • . • • . . • • • . . . relational database operator kill . • . . • • • . . • . . • terminate a process ld • . • . • • . • • • . . . • . • • . link editor lex . . . •• • . . • generate programs for simple lexical tasks line . • . • • . • • . . . . • . . read one line lint • . . . • • . • • • • . • • . • • . . . • • a

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program checker login • . • • . • • . • . • • • . • • • • . . . . • . . • • . • • sign on logname • • • . . • • • • . . • . • get login name lorder . . . • . . . . find ordering relation for an object library lp • . . • • . • • . • . • • . . . send/cancel requests to an LP line printer lpr . . • . • • • . . • • • . • • . • • • • . • • • • • line printer spooler Ips tat . . • • . . • • . • • • . . • . . • . • . print LP status information Is • • • . . • • • • • • . . • • . • . • . . . . list contents of directories Is7 • • • . . • • • • . . . • • • list contents of directory (Berkeley version) m4 . • . . • . . . • . . • • • • • • . • • macro processor machid. • . • . . • • . • . . provide truth value about your processor type mail. . • • • . . . • . • • . . • • . • • . send mail to users or read mail make . • . . . maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs makekey • . • • . • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • . generate encryption key man • . . • . . • . • . • • . . • . • . . • . print entries in this manual mesg . . . • . . • . • • . . • • • • . • . . permit or deny messages mkdir • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • . • • . • . • . • • make a directory mkstr • • . . • . • • • • create an error message file by massaging

e

^source

mm • • • . • . • . • print/check documents formatted with the MM macros mmt • . • • . . . . • • . . • . typeset documents, view graphs, and slides

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Table of Contents more • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • file perusal filter for crt viewing newform • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • . . change the format of a text file newgrp • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • log in to a new group news . . • . . . print news items nice • • • . . . • • . . . • • . • run a command at low priority nl •• • • • • • • • . • • . . . • • . line numbering filter nm • . • . • • . . • . . . • • • • . . . print name list nohup • . . • . run a command immune to hangups (sh only) nroff • . • • • . . . • • . format text nrof17 • . • • • • • • . . . text formatting and typesetting

od . . . • . . . • . . . octal dump

pack . • • • • compress and expand files

passwd . • • • • • • • • . . • • . • • • • . • . . change login password paste. • . . . merge same lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file pr •• • . • • • • • • • • . • . . . . • • . . • • • . . . • . print files printenv . . . • • • . . . • . . • • • • • print out the environment prof • • • • • • . . . • • . • • • . • . • . . . • . . display profile data

prs • • • • . • • . print an

sees

^file

ps .• • • • • . . • . • . . • • • • • • • . . • • • report process status ptx • • • • • . . . • . • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • permuted index

put. • • • • puts a file onto a remote machine.

put7 • • • • . . . . • • • • . • • . • • puts a file onto a remote machine.

pwd • • • . . . • • • • . • • . • • • • • • . . . working directory name rcp : • • • . . . . • • • • • • • • • • . • . . • • . • . remote file copy rcvhex . . • • • • translates Motorola S-records from downloading into a file regcmp . . • • • • . . • • . • • • • • • . • • regular expression compile remsh • • • • . . . • • • • • • • • . . • remote shell rlogin • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • remote login rm • . • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • . • . • remove files or directories rmdel • . • • • • . • . • • • • • • • . • remove a delta from an

sees

^file

rstat • • • • • • • network statistics program

ruptime . . • . • • • • . . . • • . • • show host status of local machines rwho. • . • . . • • • • . • • . . . who is logged in on local machines sact. • • . • • •• . . • • . . • print current

sees

file editing activity

sadp . . • • • . • . • disk access profiler

sag • . • • . • • . • • • . • • • • . . • . . . . system activity graph sar • . • • . . • . • • • • • • . • • . • . • . system activity reporter

sccsdiff • • compare two versions of an

sees

^file

sdiff • • . • • . . • • • • • • • • • . . . side-by-side difference program sed • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • . . . • • • stream editor sh • . • . • . shell, the standard/restricted command programming language size • • . • • • • • • • • • • • size of an object file sleep • • • • • . • suspend execution for an interval

sno. • • . • SNOBOL interpreter

sort . . . • • sort and/ or merge files

spell • • • • find spelling errors

spline. • . . . interpolate smooth curve

split • • • . • • • . . . . split a file into pieces ssp • • • . . . . • • • • . . . . • • make output single spaced strings • . . find the printable strings in an object, or other binary file strip. • . . • • • . . . remove symbols and relocation bits

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Table of Contents

tail. . • • . . • . • • . . . . • • • • . . • • deliver the last part of a file take . • . • . . . . • . . . . • • • • • takes a file from a remote machine take7 • . . • . . • . • . • . . • • • . takes a file from a remote machine.

tar . • • • • . • . . tape file archiver

tbl . . . • • . . . • • . • . . • . . • format tables for nroff or troff tc . . . • . . . • . . • . • • phototypesetter simulator tee . . • • . . . • . . • . . • • . • . pipe fitting test . . • • . . . . • . . • • . . . . • . . condition evaluation command time . . . . • . • • . • . . • • . • • . . . time a command timex . . . . • . . time a command; report process data and system activity touch. • • . . . • • . . update access and modification times of a file

tp . • . manipulate tape archive

tplot . • . . • . . . . • • . • . . • • • . . . . • . . . • graphics filters tr . . . • • • . . . • . . • . • . . • translate characters troff • . . . • . . . • . . • . . . . • • . • . . • . . typeset text troff7 . • • . . . • • • . . . . text formatting and typesetting true. • . . . • . . . . • • . • • . • • . • . provide truth values tset . . set or reset the teletype bits to a sensible state tsort . . . . • . . • . . . • • • . . • • . . . . • . topological sort tty • . . • . . . . • • • . . • • • . . . • . get the terminal's name ul . . . • . . . • . . . do underlining umask . . • • . . . • • . • set file-creation mode mask

uname . • print name of current UNIX System

unget . . . • undo a previous get of an

sees

file uniq. . . • . • • . . . • • . . . • . . • report repeated lines in a file units . . • . . . • . . . • • • • • • . . • . . • conversion program updater . . • • . . . • • update files between two machines uucp . . • . • . . • • • . . . • • • • • . . • • . . . unix to unix copy uustat . • . . . . • • . . . uucp status inquiry and job control uuto • • . • . . . • . . . . public UNIX System-to-UNIX System file copy uux . . . • • . . . • • . . . . • . . • . unix to unix command execution val • . . • • . . . • . . . . • • • . • • • • . . • . • validate

sees

file vc • . . . • . . . • . • . . . • . . • . . • . version control version . • . • • . . . • • • • • • • . . . reports version number of files vi . . . • . . . screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex wait • • . . . . • . . • • . • . • . • • • . . await completion of process wc . • • • . • • . • . . • • . • • • • • . • • . . • . . . • word count what. . . • • . • • . . • • . • • • . . . • • identify

sees

files who • • . • . . • . • • • • • • • • . • • . • . • • who is on the system write • • . • • . • . • . . . • . • . • • • . • • • . write to another user xargs • . • . . • . . • . • construct argument list(s) and execute command yacc . • . . . . • . • . • • • . . • • • • . yet another compiler-compiler

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PERMUTED INDEX /functions of HP 2640 and

handle special functions of HP archiver. hpio: HP functions of DASI 300 and/

/special functions of DASI of DASI 300 and 300s/ 300, functions of DASI 300 and 13tol, ito13: convert between comparison. diff3:

Tektronix 4014 terminal.

paginator for the Tektronix of the DASI 450 terminal.

special functions of the DASI long integer and base-64/

value.

abs: return integer /floor, ceiling, remainder, socket. accept:

a socket.

LP requests.

utime: set file of a file. touch: update accessibility of a file.

machine/ sputl, sgetl:

phys: allow a process to sadp: disk copy file systems for optimal /setutent, endutent, utmpname:

access: determine enable or disable process acctcon2: connect-time acctprci, acctprc2: process turnacct: shell procedures for runacct: run daily /accton, acctwtmp: overview of accounting and miscellaneous acct: per-process search and print process acctmerg: merge or add total summary from per-process wtmpfix: manipulate connect process accounting.

file format.

per-process accounting/

process accounting file(s).

connect-time accounting.

accounting. acctconl, acctwtmp: overview of!

overview of! acctdisk, accounting files.

acctdisk, acctdusg, accounting.

acctprci, acctdisk, acctdusg, accton,

2621-series terminals.

2640 and 2621-series/ hp:

2645A terminal tape file 300, 300s: handle special 300 and 300s terminals. . 300s: handle special functions 300s terminals. /special . 3-byte integers and long/

3-way differential file . 4014: paginator for the 4014 terminal. 4014:

450: handle special functions 450 terminal. 450: handle . a64l, 164a: convert between abort: generate an lOT fault.

abs: return integer absolute absolute value. . . . • . absolute value functions.

accept a connection on a accept: accept a connection on accept, reject: allow/prevent . access and modification times.

access and modification times access: determine . . . access long numeric data in a access physical addresses.

access profiler. . . . access time. dcopy: . access utmp file entry.

accessibility of a file.

accounting. acct: . . accounting. acctcon 1, accounting.

accounting. / startup, accounting.

accounting and miscellaneous/

accounting commands. /of accounting file format.

accounting file(s). acctcom:

accounting files. . . . accounting records. /command accounting records. fwtmp, acct: enable or disable acct: per-process accounting acctcms: command summary from acctcom: search and print acctconl, acctcon2: . . . acctcon2: connect-time acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp:

acctmerg: merge or add total accton, acctwtmp: overview off acctprc 1, acctprc2: process . acctprc2: process accounting.

acctwtmp: overview of!

hp.1 hp.l hpio.l 300.1 300.1 300.1 300.1 13to1.3c diff3.1 4014.1 4014.1 450.1 450.1 h641.3c abort.3c abs.3c abs.3c floor.3m accept.2n accept.2n accept. 1m utime.2 touch. 1 access.2 sput1.3x phys.2 sadp.l dcopy.1m getut.3c access.2 acct.2 acctcon.lm acctprc.lm acctsh.lm runacct.Im acct.lm acct.lm acctA acctcom.l acctmerg.l m acctcms.lm fwtmp.lm acct.2 acctA acctcms.lm acctcom.1 acctcon.lm acctcon.lm acct.lm acct.lm acctmerg.lm acct.lm acctprc.1m acctprc.lm acct.lm

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Permuted Index

sar: system random, hopefully interesting, formatting! mosd: the OSDD acctmerg: merge or up internet hosts by name or socket. socketaddr: return a process to access physical SCCS files.

admin: create and game.

alarm: set a process's clock.

delivermail.

aliases:

earth. aliens: The attack the earth.

change data segment space realloc, calloc: main memory physical addresses. phys:

accept, reject:

information for bad block!

for bad block! altblk:

sort: sort terminal. worms:

rain:

bcd: convert to editor output.

introduction to commands and maintenance commands and maintainer.

format.

number: convert delivermail: deliver mail to language. bc:

cpio: format of cpio tp: manipulate tape maintainer. ar:

ar:

HP 2645A terminal tape file tar: tape file cpio: copy file command. xargs: construct getopt: get option letter from echo: echo expr: evaluate bc: arbitrary-precision number facts.

expr: evaluate arguments characters. asa: interpret control characters.

ascii: map of

!translates object files into set.

long integer and base-64 number. atof: convert and! ctime, localtime, gmtime, trigonometric! sin, cos, tan, help:

as:

output. a.out:

assertion.

assert: verify program

activity reporter.

adage. fortune: print a adapter macro package for adb: debugger. . . . add total accounting files.

address. rhost, raddr: look address associated with a addresses. phys: allow admin: create and administer administer SCCS files.

adventure: an exploration . alarm clock. . . . . alarm: set a process's alarm aliases: aliases file for . . aliases file for delivermail.

alien invaders attack the aliens: The alien invaders allocation. brk, sbrk:

allocator. malloc, free, allow a process to access allow!prevent LP requests.

altblk: alternate block . . alternate block information and! or merge files. . . . . animate worms on a display animated raindrops display.

antique media. . . . a.out: assembler and link application programs. intro:

application programs. !system ar: archive and library ar: archive (Hbrary) file . . Arabic numerals to English.

arbitrary people.

arbitrary-precision arithmetic archive. . . . . . archive. . . . . . archive and library archive (library) file format.

archiver. hpio: . . archiver. . . . . . archives in and out.

argument list(s) and execute argument vector. . . . arguments. . . . . . arguments as an expression.

arithmetic language.

arithmetic: provide drill in as an expression. . . as: assembler.

ASA carriage control . . asa: interpret ASA carriage ASCII character set.

ASCII formats suitable for!

ascii: map of ASCII character ASCII string. !convert between ASCII string to floating-point asctime, tzset: convert date asin, acos, atan, atan2:

ask for help. . . . assembler. . . . . assem bier and link editor assert: verify program assertion. . . . . .

- 2 -

sar.l fortune.6 mosd.5 adb.l acctmerg.1 m rhost.3n socketaddr.2n phys.2 admin.l admin.1 adventure.6 alarm.2 alarm.2 aliases.7n aliases.7n aliens.6 aliens.6 brk.2 malloc.3c phys.2 accept.lm altblk.4 altblk.4 sort. I worms.6 rain.6 bcd.6 a.out.4 intro.1 intro.1m ar.1 ar.4 number.6 delivermail.8n bc.1

cpio.4 tp.1 ar.1 ar.4 hpio.1 tar. I cpio.1 xargs.1 getopt.3c echo.1 expr.1 bc.1 arithmetic.6 expr.1 as.1 asa.1 asa.1 ascii.5 hex.1 ascii.5 h641.3c atof.3c ctime.3c trig.3m help.1 as.1 a.out.4 assert.3x assert.3x

(13)

setbuf: assign buffering to a stream.

socketaddr: return address associated with a socket.

sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2: trigonometric/

cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2: trigonometric/ sin, . floating-point number. atof: convert ASCII string to integer. strtol, atol, atoi: convert string to . .

integer. strtol, atol, atoi: convert string to aliens: The alien invaders attack the earth.

autorobots: Escape from the automatic robots.

automatic robots. autorobots: Escape from the wait: await completion of process.

processing language. awk: pattern scanning and . ungetc: push character back into input stream.

back: the game of backgammon.

daily/weekly UNIX file system backup. filesave, tapesave:

finc: fast incremental backup. . . . • . frec: recover files from a backup tape. . . .

block information for bad block handling. /alternate /program to set or update bad block information.

update bad block information. badblk: program to set or banner: make posters.

banner7: print large banner on printer.

printer. banner7: print large banner on terminal capability data base. termcap: . . . .

port. ttytype: data base of terminal types by between long integer and base-64 ASCII string. /convert

(visual) display editor based on ex. /screen oriented portions of path names. basename, dirname: deliver •

arithmetic language. bc: arbitrary-precision . . . . bcd: convert to antique media.

system initialization/ brc, bcheckrc, rc, powerfail: . . . bcopy: interactive block copy.

bdiff: big diff.

cb: C program beautifier. . . • • list contents of directory (Berkeley version). Is7:

jO, jl, jn, yO, yl, yn: Bessel functions. . • . bfs: big file scanner.

strings in an object, or other binary file. /the printable fread, fwrite: binary input/output.

bsearch: binary search.

tdelete, twalk: manage binary search trees. tsearch, remove symbols and relocation bits. strip:.. . . .

/set or reset the teletype bits to a sensible state.

bj: the game of black jack.

sync: update the super block. . . . bcopy: interactive block copy.

sum: print checksum and block count of a file.

block information for bad block handling. /alternate program to set or update bad block information. badblk:

block/ altblk: alternate block information for bad bIt, blt512: block transfer data.

df: report number of free disk blocks. • . . . sum7: sum and count blocks in a file . . • . . . data. bit, blt512: block transfer

bit, blt512: block transfer data.

/ etc/hosts: host table for bnet. . . . . • • . . .

Permuted Index setbuf.3s socketaddr .2n trig.3m trig.3m atof.3c strto1.3c strto1.3c aliens.6 autorobots.6 autorobots.6 wait.l awk.1 ungetc.3s back.6 back.6 filesave.lm finc.lm frec.lm altblk.4 badblk.1m badblk.lm banner.l banner7.}

banner7.1 termcap.5 ttytype.4 h641.3c vi.1 basename.l bc.1 bcd.6 brc.lm bcopy.lm bdiff.l cb.l Is7.1 besse1.3m bfs.l strings. 1 fread.3s bsearch.3c tsearch.3c strip.l tset.1 bj.6 bj.6 sync.1 bcopy.lm sum.l altblk.4 badblk.1m altblk.4 blt.3 df.lm sum7.1 blt.3 blt.3 hosts.7n

(14)

Permuted Index

stdio: standard buffered input/ output package.

setbuf: assign buffering to a stream.

mknod: build special file.

swab: swap bytes. . . . cc:

e

^compiler.

cflow: generate

e

flow graph.

cpp: the

e

language preprocessor.

maintain a tags file for a

e

program. ctags:

cb:

e

program beautifier. . . lint: a e program checker.

cxref: generate

e

program cross reference.

message file by massaging e source. /create an error cal: print calendar.

dc: desk calculator. . . . cal: print calendar. . . . . calendar: reminder service.

data returned by stat system call. stat: . . . . cu: call another UNIX System.

malloc, free, realloc, calloc: main memory allocator.

link and unlink system calls. link, unlink: exercise intro: introduction to system calls and error numbers.

to an LP line printer. lp, cancel: send/cancel requests termcap: terminal capability data base.

cribbage: the card game cribbage.

pnch: file format for card images. . . . asa: interpret ASA carriage control characters.

files. cat: concatenate and print cb: e program beautifier.

cc:

e

compiler. . . . cd: change working directory.

commentary of an

sees

delta. cdc: change the delta ceiling, remainder,! floor, ceil, fmod, fabs: floor,

Iceil, fmod, fabs: floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute/

cflow: generate

e

flow graph.

delta: make a delta (change) to an

sees

^file.

pipe: create an interprocess channel. . . . stream. ungetc: push character back into input and neqn. eqnchar: special character definitions for eqn

file. freq: report on character frequencies in a . user. cuserid: get character login name of the Igetchar, fgetc, getw: get character or word from stream.

Iputchar, fputc, putw: put character or word on a stream.

ascii: map of ASCII character set.

interpret ASA carriage control characters. asa: . . . tolower, toascii: translate characters. / toupper, - iscntrl, isascii: classify characters. /~print, isgraph,

tr: translate characters. . . . givenl sumdir: sum and count characters in the files in the

lastlogin, monacct, nulladm,l chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, killer robots. chase: Try to escape the . .

directory. chdir: change working Idfsck: file system consistency check and interactive repair.

constant-width text fori cw, checkcw: prepare . . . text for nroff or/ eqn, neqn, checkeq: format mathematical

lint: a

e

program checker. . . . grpck: password/group file checkers. pwck, copy file systems with label checking. volcopy, labelit:

systems processed by fsck. checklist: list of file . . . formatted with thel mm,osdd, checkmm: print/check documents

file. sum: print checksum and block count of a vchk: version checkup. . . . • . . .

chown, chgrp: change owner or group.

times: get process and child process times. . . terminate. wait: wait for child process to stop or

- 4 -

stdio.3s setbuf.3s mknod.lm swab.3c cc.l cflow.l cpp.l ctags.l cb.1 lint.!

cxref.l mkstr.l cal. I dc.l cal. I calendar. 1 stat.5 cu.lc malloc.3c link.lm intro.2 lp.l termcap.5 cribbage.6 pnch.4 asa.l cat.!

cb.l cc.1 cd.1 cdc.l floor.3m floor.3m cflow.l delta.l pipe.2 ungetc.3s eqnchar.5 freq.l cuserid.3s getc.3s putc.3s ascii.5 asa.l conv.3c ctype.3c tr.l sumdir.1 acctsh.lm chase.6 chdir.2 fsck.lm cw.l eqn.l lint. 1 pwck.lm volcopy.1m checklistA mm.l sum.l vchk.lm chown.1 times.2 wait.2