Temperature and humidity in houses, Halifax 1960-61

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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

D I V I S I O N O F BUILDING RESEARCH

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY I N HOUSES, HALIFAX 1960-61 b y D. R. R o b s o n I n t e r n a l R e p o r t No. 261 o f t h e D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h O t t a w a MARCH 1963

PREFACE

It i s of value i n a number of ways i n t h e work of t h e Division t o know what temperature and humidity c o n d i t i o n s a r e maintained w i t h i n b u i l d i n g s and how t h e s e r e l a t e t o c l i m a t e and o t h e r f a c t o r s . Such r e c o r d s must be obtained f o r a s u b s t a n t i a l number of c a s e s i n o r d e r t o be s i g n i f i c a n t , b u t

when t h i s i s done, f o r b u i l d i n g s l o c a t e d i n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s of t h e country, some i n t e r e s t i n g and important conclusions can be drawn. Dwellings and schools a r e of p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t and information on them i s b e i n g o b t a i n e d , u s i n g simple r e c o r d i n g i n s t r u m e n t s , i n s e v e r a l r e g i o n s of t h e country.

The r e s u l t s now r e p o r t e d were obtained f o r 1960-61 from houses i n H a l i f a x . !The a u t h o r i s a mechanical e n g i n e e r and a r e s e a r c h o f f i c e r w i t h t h e A t l a n t i c Regional S t a t i o n of t h e D i v i s i o n , l o c a t e d i n H a l i f a x .

Ottawa

2ENIPERATURE AND

HUMIDITY

_{IIJ HOUSES,}

HALIFAX 1960-61

I n December 1960, a s u r v e y was i n i t i a t e d i n t h e H a l i f a x a r e a t o provide a r e c o r d of a c t u a l t e m p e r a t u r e and h u m i d i t y c o n d i t i o n s i n occupied houses t o complement s i m i l a r i n f o r m a t i o n c o l l e c t e d f o r houses i n Ottawa, Camp Gagetown, Saskatoon and Vancouver.

The e l e v e n houses chosen were i n t h e H a l i f a x m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a t o minimize t r a v e l and e l i m i n a t e a s many v a r i a b l e s a s p o s s i b l e due t o o u t d o o r c l i m a t e . The c h o i c e was l i m i t e d t o r e l a t i v e l y new d w e l l i n g s where t h e homeowners

showed some i n t e r e s t i n t h e p r o j e c t . Four of t h e houses were i n Dartmouth, two i n H a l i f a x , and f o u r i n t h e Armdale-Jollimore a r e a of H a l i f a x County. The e l e v e n t h was i n t h e Bedford a r e a a:ld was used a s one of t h e s t u d y houses because of p r e v i o u s i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n f o r a c o n d e n s a t i o n problem. A l l houses were tnstrumented i n December 1960, b u t f o r v a r i o u s r e a s o n s t h e t e m p e r a t u r e and humidity r e c o r d s of seven of t h e houses had t o be d i s c o n t i n u e d i n May; t h e r e c o r d s of t h e remaining f o u r houses were c a r r i e d on f o r t h e b a l a n c e of t h e y e a r .

The i n f o r m a t i o n r e q u i r e d f o r t h i s s u r v e y c o n s i s t e d of c o n t i n u o u s r e c o r d s of t e m p e r a t u r e and r e l a t i v e humidity f o r e a c h house. T h i s was accomplished by means of a c l o c k - d r i v e n 7-day drum c h a r t on which were r e c o r d e d t h e changes i n r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y r e g i s t e r e d by a h a i r element and changes

i n

t e m p e r a t u r e r e g i s t e r e d by a b i m e t a l element. The i n s t r u m e n t s used were hygrothermographs ( F i g u r e 1) and were c a l i b r a t e d on a r e g u l a r b a s i s u s i n g a n e l e c t r i c a l l y a s p i r a t e d psychrometer because t h e h a i r element cannot be r e l i e d upon f o r a c c u r a c y o v e r a \vide range of humidity. The hygrotherrnographs were g e n e r a l l y l o c a t e d i n t h e l i v i n g room of each h o u s e , 30 t o 36 i n . above t h e f l o o r .

The outdoor w e a t h e r r e c o r d was o b t a i n e d from informa- t i o n p u b l i s h e d - b y t h e Department of T r a n s p o r t f o r t h e weather s t a t i o n a t t h e F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g i n downtown H a l i f a x . Although - t h e weather s t a t i o n i s some d i s t a n c e from t h e houses under s t u d y , t h e r e c o r d s o b t a i n e d a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o be s u f f i c i e n t l y a c c u r a t e f o r comparison purposes a s t h e s t a t i o n i s c e n t r a l l y l o c a t e d r e l a t i v e t o t h e houses under s t u d y .

INDOOR CLIIfIATE STUDY

P r e s e n t a t i o n of I n f o r m a t i o n

The d e s c r i p t i o n of each house a s r e c o r d e d i n c l u d e s i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e h e a t i n g system and house c o n s t r u c t i o n

( F i g u r e s 2 t o 1 2 ) .

A photograph and a f l o o r p l a n of each house ( F i g u r e s 1 3 t o 23) a r e i n c l u d e d t o g i v e t h e r e a d e r a comprehensive i d e a of t h e t y p e s of houses i n v o l v e d i n t h e s t u d y .

Weather i n f o r m a t i o n from t h e Department of T r a n s p o r t i s p r e s e n t e d i n graph form ( F i g u r e 2 4 ) . The p e r i o d covered i s from 6 December 1960 t o 26 December 1961. The h u m i d i t y r a t i o , r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y , and o u t s i d e a i r t e m p e r a t u r e a r e

p l o t t e d from weekly a v e r a g e s f o r t h e 52 weeks involved. The degree days (65OF b a s e ) a r e p l o t t e d f o r e a c h week f o r t h e same p e r i o d .

The i n d o o r c o n d i t i o n s a r e p l o t t e d f o r each house from t h e hygrothermograph r e c o r d s ( F i g u r e s 25 t o 3 5 ) . The

v a l u e s used a r e weekly a v e r a g e s f o r t h e i n s i d e a i r t e m p e r a t u r e , r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y and humidity r a t i o . The d o t t e d l i n e s on t h e graphs r e p r e s e n t t h e average c o n d i t i o n s f o r a l l houses.

The o u t s i d e and i n s i d e weekly average t e m p e r a t u r e s and humidity r a t i o s a r e . p l o t t e d f o r t h e same p e r i o d ( F i g u r e 3 6 ) . The d o t t e d l i n e i n each c a s e r e p r e s e n t s t h e o u t d o o r c o n d i t i o n s ; t h e s o l i d l i n e r e p r e s e n t s t h e a v e r a g e i n d o o r c o n d i t i o n s f o r a l l houses. The h i g h e s t i n d i v i d u a l monthly a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e l o w e s t i n d i v i d u a l monthly a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e , and t h e monthly average t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e i n d o o r c o n d i t i o n s f o r a l l houses a r e p l o t t e d on t h e same graph a s t h e monthly a v e r a g e

outdoor t e m p e r a t u r e c o n d i t i o n s (Figure 37).

The h i g h e s t i n d i v i d u a l monthly a v e r a g e h u m i d i t y r a t i o , t h e l o w e s t i n d i v i d u a l monthly a v e r a g e humidity r a t i o , and t h e monthly a v e r a g e humidity r a t i o of t h e i n d o o r c o n d i t i o n s f o r a l l houses a r e p l o t t e d on t h e same s h e e t a s t h e monthly a v e r a g e

outdoor h u m i d i t y r a t i o c o n d i t i o n s ( F i g u r e

38).

The monthly a v e r a g e i n d o o r h u m i d i t y r a t i o h a s been p l o t t e d a g a i n s t t h e monthly average o u t d o o r h u m i d i t y r a t i o

f o r each of t h e f o u r houses t h a t h a s a complete 12-month r e c o r d . The s t r a i g h t l i n e i n each c a s e r e p r e s e n t s a median l i n e where t h e i n d o o r and outdoor h u m i d i t y r a t i o s a r e e q u a l ( F i g u r e 3 9 ) .

The monthly average temperature and r e l a t i v e humidity f o r each house have been t a b u l a t e d (Table I ) ; t h e l a s t t w o columns i n t h e Table record t h e monthly average outdoor temperature and humidity.

DISCUSSION OF INFOHPUTION COLLECTED Houses ( P i m r e s 2 t o 11)

One house (No. 4 ) h a s a hot-water h e a t i n g system and one (No. 6 ) h a s a combination warm-air w i t h r a d i a n t f l o o r

system; one (No.

5 )

i s b u i l t on a crawl space w i t h t h e h e a t i n g system piped t o t h e r e g i s t e r s ; f o u r (Nos. 2 , 3 , 7 , 9 ) a r e

b u i l t on crawl spaces w i t h t h e crawl space used a s a plenum, and f o u r (Nos. 1, 8 , 1 0 , 11) have conventional f o r c e d warm-air systems. Only t h r e e houses (Nos. 1, 8 , 11) have h u m i d i f i e r s . Weather ( F i g u r e 2 4 )

Prom t h e weather d a t a c o l l e c t e d f o r t h e outdoor c o n d i t i o n s (Figure 2 4 ) , it i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o note t h a t t h e weekly average outdoor r e l a t i v e humidity v a r i e s between 70 and 85 p e r c e n t with few pealcs above o r below t h e s e v a l u e s . The humidity r a t i o v a r i e d from a weekly average low of 5 g r a i n s p e r pound of dry a i r i n e a r l y February t o a weekly average high of 85 g r a i n s p e r pound of d r y a i r i n J u l y and August.

The weekly average indoor temperature remained f a i r l y uniform throughout t h e h e a t i n g season, between 66 and

6g°F

( P i g u r e 3 6 ) . I n J u l y and August t h e weekly average indoor temperature r o s e above 70°F r-ihen t h e weekly average outdoor temperature approached o r exceeded 66OF. Pigure 37 g i v e s a b e t t e r p i c t u r e of t h e c o n d i t i o n s a s recorded i n t h a t t h e maximum and minimum indoor monthly averages a r e included. The maximum weekly average seldom exceeds 70°F d u r i n g t h e h e a t i n g season and i s i n f a c t below 70°F f o r most o f t h i s period ( P i p r e 3 6 ) . The weekly average indoor temperature b e i n g i n t h e 66 t o 68OF range f o r most of t h e h e a t i n g season

suggests t h a t n i g h t s e t - b a c k h a s a decided e f f e c t on t h e weekly average temperaturs. Kine of t h e houses used a daytime thermo- s t a t s e t t i n g above 70°F. Only t w o of t h e houses e v e n t u a l l y operated without n i g h t s e t - b a c k s o t h a t t h i s had l i t t l e e f f e c t on t h e average value of t h e e l e v e n houses. One house (No. 6 ) operated with c o n s i s t e n t l y lower t h a n average temperatures

(Figure 3 0 ) . This was t h e only one of t h e group t h a t had a r a d i a n t f l o o r h e a t i n g system.

R e l a t i v e Humidity

The weekly averaEe i n d o o r r e l a t i v e h o u s e s ( d o t t e d l i n e " on

-RH

_{p o r t i o n of F i g u r e s}

from a low of 35 p e r c e n t d u r i n g J a n u a r y and

h u m i d i t y 25 t o 35) February f o r a l l r a n g e s t o a high of 65 p e r c e n t i n l a t e ~ u & s t .

The t h r e e houses t h a t had h u m i d i f i e r s (House No. 1

-

F i g u r e

25,

House No. 8

-

F i g u r e 32 and House No. 11

-

Figure 35) d i d n o t have h i g h e r weekly average r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t i e s d u r i n g t h e w i n t e r t h a n t h e a v e r a g e of t h e e l e v e n houses. The r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y i n t h e s e t h r e e h o u s e s , however, appeared t o be s l i g h t l y h i g h e r t h a n i n t h o s e houses w i t h o u t h u m i d i f i e r s o r c r a w l s p a c e s .

House Nos. 2 , 3 ,

7 ,

9 ( F i g u r e s 26, 27, 31, 33) were b u i l t on crawl s p a c e s and used t h e c r a w l space a s a warm-air plenum. These f o u r houses o p e r a t e d w i t h a h i g h e r r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y t h a n most of t h e o t h e r houses p r o b a b l y because of m o i s t u r e pick-up from t h e c r a w l space and because t h e y were s m a l l , t i g h t houses w i t h good vapour b a r r i e r s and v e r y l i t t l e i n f i l t r a t i o n o r v e n t i l a t i o n . I n some of t h e s e houses e x c e s s i v e r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y d i d become a problem d u r i n g t h e w i n t e r , and it was s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e homeowners use more v e n t i l a t i o n . Where t h i s s u g g e s t i o n was f o l l o w e d , t h e r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y dropped t o a more r e a s o n a b l e l e v e l .

For t h e outdoor t e m p e r a t u r e s i n v o l v e d , most of t h e houses i n t h e s t u d y 'group could have o p e r a t e d w i t h a h i g h e r

r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y w i t h o u t r e s u l t i n g c o n d e n s a t i o n problems. Humidity R a t i o

I n a g e n e r a l way, t h e monthly a v e r a g e h u m i d i t y r a t i o of t h e i n d o o r a i r f o l l o w s t h e monthly a v e r a g e h u m i d i t y r a t i o of t h e outdoor c o n d i t i o n s ( F i g u r e 38). There i s a v e r y wide range between maximum monthly average v a l u e s and minimum monthly average v a l u e s f o r t h e f i r s t 6 months of t h e g e a r . T h i s wide range i s due i n p a r t t o t h e f a c t t h a t f o r t h e f i r s t p a r t of t h e y e a r t h e r e c o r d s f o r e l e v e n houses were used w h i l e f o r t h e l a t t e r p a r t of t h e y e a r t h e r e c o r d s f o r o n l y f o u r houses were involved. There a p p e a r s t o be v e r y l i t t l e l a g between t h e outdoor and i n d o o r c o n d i t i o n s on a monthly b a s i s

.

I n F i g u r e 39, t h e o u t d o o r monthly a v e r a g e h u m i d i t y r a t i o was p l o t t e d a g a i n s t t h e i n d o o r monthly average h u m i d i t y r a t i o f o r f o u r houses. The shape of t h e p l o t i s n o t c o n s i s t e n t i n e a c h c a s e ; e a c h one does i n d i c a t e , however, t h a t u s u a l l y by t h e month of J u l y t h e monthly a v e r a g e o u t d o o r h u m i d i t y

r a t i o exceeds t h e i n d o o r monthly average humidity r a t i o and remains s o d u r i n g August and September; d u r i n g t h e r e s t of t h e y e a r t h e r e v e r s e i s t r u e .

The weekly average i n d o o r humidity r a t i o ( F i g u r e s 25 t o 35) f o r t h e h e a t i n g s e a s o n remains f a i r l y c o n s t a n t w i t h t h e low p o i n t of 35 g r a i n s p e r pound i n February. The h i g h p o i n t of

75

g r a i n s p e r pound o c c u r s i n August and September. The humidity r a t i o i n House No. 6 ( F i g u r e 3 0 ) , r,emained con- s i s t e n t l y above t h e average f o r a l l houses d u r i n g t h e w i n t e r months because of e x c e s s w a t e r i n t h e a i r passages of t h e

f l o o r h e a t i n g system. T h i s h i g h e r humidity r a t i o c o n s i d e r a b l y r a i s e d t h e average f o r a l l e l e v e n houses s o t h a t comparisons of t h e humidity r a t i o i n i n d i v i d u a l houses w i t h t h e e l e v e n - house average should t a k e t h i s i n t o account.

Eleven houses of v a r i o u s , t y p e s and of r e c e n t con- s t r u c t i o n were instrumented. i n t h e H a l i f a x m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a . '??eather r e c o r d s of t h e H a l i f a x Weather O f f i c e were used a s

it i s c e n t r a l l y l o c a t e d i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e houses under study. The p e r i o d covered 12 months s t a r t i n g i n December 1960. During t h i s p e r i o d r e c o r d s of i n d o o r temperature and r e l a t i v e humidity were c o l l e c t e d u s i n g hygrothermographs i n each house. These and t h e Weather O f f i c e r e c o r d s i n d i c a t e :

1. The weekly average outdoor RH v a r i e d between 70 and 85 p e r c e n t over most of t h e p e r i o d while t h e weekly

average humidity r a t i o o r a i r moisture c o n t e n t v a r i e d from a l o a of

5

g r a i n s p e r pound i n February t o a h i g h of 85 g r a i n s p e r pound i n J u l y and August.

2 . The weekly average i n d o o r RH ranged from a low of 35 p e r c e n t i n J a n u a r y and February t o a h i g h of 65 p e r c e n t i n l a t e August.

3.

Changes i n outdoor a i r moisture c o n t e n t were followed c l o s e l y w i t h i n a few h o u r s by corresponding b u t s m a l l e r changes i n i n s i d e a i r inoisture c o n t e n t . The outdoor a i r moisture c o n t e n t was g e n e r a l l y g r e a t e r t h a n t h e i n d o o r a i r moisture c o n t e n t f o r J u l y , August and September, when w i t h windows open t h e m a t e r i a l s i n s i d e t h e house would absorb a c o n s i d e r a b l e amount of m o i s t u r e ; d u r i n g t h e o t h e r 9 months t h e i n d o o r a i r moisture c o n t e n t exceeded t h e outdoor a i r moisture c o n t e n t .

4. The i n d o o r temperature w a s f a i r l y uniform d u r i n g t h e h e a t i n g s e a s o n r a n g i n g i n weekly average from 66 t o 6g°F. The weekly average i n d o o r temperature r o s e above t h i s d u r i n g

t h e summer when t h e o u t d o o r temperature e q u a l l e d o r exceeded 66OF. S e t t i n g a lower temperature on t h e t h e r m o s t a t a t n i h t

( n i g h t s e t - b a c k ) lowers t h e weekly average temperature t o 86 t o 68OP a l t h o u g h t h e i n d o o r t e m p e r a t u r e d u r i n g t h e day i s s e t f o r 70 t o 72OF. I n t h e few houses n o t employing n i g h t s e t - b a c k and a t h e r m o s t a t s e t t i n g of 70°F t h e weekly average i n d o o r

t e m p e r a t u r e ranged from 69 t o 7Z°F.

5.

Among t h e houses n o t b u i l t on c r a w l s p a c e s , t h o s e equipped w i t h "automatic h u m i d i f i e r s " d i d n o t m a i n t a i n a h i g h e r a v e r a g e r e l a t i v e humidity d u r i n g t h e w i n t e r t h a n houses n o t s o equipped.

6. Houses b u i l t on crawl space plenum systems main- t a i n e d h i g h e r average r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t i e s t h a n t h e eleven-house average. I n some i n s t a n c e s t h e r e l a t i v e humidity-was h i g h

enough t o recommend i n c r e a s e d v e n t i l a t i o n i n o r d e r t o reduce it t o t o l e r a b l e l i m i t s .

A p r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t was i s s u e d i n May 1962 and c o p i e s were c i r c u l a t e d t o homeowners who p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h i s s u r v e y (1).

1. Robson, D. R. I n d o o r c l i m a t e s t u d y , H a l i f a x , N. S .

( p r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t ) . N a t i o n a l Research C o u n c i l ,

D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g Research, T e c h n i c a l Note No. 373, Ottawa, May 1962.

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E7igure 1 Top View Hygrotheruo graph Side View Hygrothermo graph w i t h guard removed and c a s e open.

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_--

r:

Brick-

--

Other --

Lzter. Hood

-

Brick veneer

-

Other

_---

;to= / : l o o r a r e a

b

Roof; Gable

r

~

5

-

-

Flat

7 m e r

-

Basmen'; ---- Crawl 3 a c e A' Slab

-

--

b-. Vapour Zzirrier: c e i l i n g - . *( / J w - ~ ~

walls - u.

.

'

_, >, _. '

Mndows; Type q ? ~ :

-

~lazinn; clo9kle x: single

~ a t e r i z ; frame

?

&

-

--

sash 4 - - - .

-

Storm windows; y e s I( no Weatherstripping; yes

,

no

.

.

. - tleatt:erstripping; yes

- -

no VestibAe; f r o n t ; yes

-

rear:

-

yes

-

no K

as&

t; ill

\&

P a r t i a l n/a

-

\

NO. -0 General condition-t

-

d a m Name Y - - - - ~ Z . Adh-=,I

_-

.

--

-. Children s Ages

-

4, Z .

- -

Heating System: Type

g

-

J

-

_-

Type of Fbel: O i l

-

r C O X Gas

-

m a c e ; Make

-

_-

Capacity 737- &-G/G. -- -. Burner: Hake .- _a Pan Coritrol s e t t i n g s , on / J u

OF

~ f f 128

OT

~ i ~ i m f + , ~ hget%u&-

-2

0 3 , c-,, 6

Chimney; outside inside d r;cxb/

.d _-.

4

bampei; open * e n i n a s e

-

_-

open a t .all times

-

-

Exhaust fan: None

-

gitchen

-

Bath x

-

CondLtion

-

S e r v i c e W a t e r Heater: m e ~ d -

-

5

~-atioi-<&,

6-

Washer; Tgpe P&/CC

l o * t r e 4 -- - -

'

.

m r ; Location M

--

m s e ; > ? p r o x p - . o f c e i ~ s t ~ ~ . --.

1,57Gi2'

9nstn; Frame

-

.:. Brick

_--

Other . -

--

Lxter. Wood

-

Brick veneer

-

Other

S t o r i e s ?loor area p : * , , y ~ ; & ; / . - _-

Roof; Gable

-5

Flat

. Tmer

-

Basement-,.::- Crawl

S p a c e & - .

Slab

~ n s u l a t . i o p i l i n g ; ,' . '-- . ... .,L, <.:A -. .- / , L, .;,- .:: .,- w a l l s .~

.-'

' , ' . --:d'. - . . ~ {.&; .-! :..< , ., <, ; :-:. --{+- ,.--- V a w r Terrier: ceiling

-

;,-. ..:.(., . <.:,,[::. . %.--

-

Val18 I /

-

Windows; Type t -:

c,

-

Glazing; d o ~ b l e

-

,-

single Haterial; frame s sash

.*-/-

..'

Storm windows: yea

,

m

&.

..

-

-

Doors; Single stom- ,c

Weatherstripping; yes

_rw,

_-

Vestibile: front: yes 110 4

rear; yea \ - p a r t i a l I Y , n Basement: N l -'No, o ? . T z i z A ~ > O ? height W a l l below made Heated

\

unheated Wndows; Type\. Clazine - - _s s\

.

d Storms; yes '\ no Nmbrane under f l o o G -

--

no

-

General condition; w& .,-'

dam .\

I

Address _--

-

2

.-

-

_-. . ~ . _,fl/J.. .-.-

-

I

Children Q Ages

-

Heating System: Type L-N

'

&?__VV

-

Type of F'uel: O i l

-

AGas T

_-

Runace; Hake

----

-

C a p a c i t F

-

-72 < ,' r e d , & - / 44.

Burnerj

WakG

-

- -

- -

i

capacity c

~ ~ - - ~ ~ ( ~ / l a j

.-

Controls j ~ h e n n o s b t ; Typc &.L--I./''

--

Location

Au,-+

/;/

./

-

I::

Fan Control eettings'

On 17-6 OF off

/a

OF

I

' Aauastat B e t - : c-c

-

CP &-r

~ i r e ~ l i c e ; s t a n d r - c i d a t i n g

_---

-

- - - Daraper; open w h e i i e

-

--

.-

open a t all timesw*--

-

-

Exhaust fan: 'flow

--

Kitchen - Bath %

.-Condition

-

-- U C c w d ' C O O

6

_E

4

;@

5:

g

0

.

U

/'</[/ #- /

House; -J?2roX yr. of cc,lsth.

--

, ,/- * Name < - -cd7s%& 3

- - -

sG.st"~hmz

_-

c _Brick

--

Address

-

.,L/,'~:- -- cd L-

-

Other _-- Children 4 Ages , 7 , - , ,-

L t e r . h o d c Brick veneer , - ? '

-

-. -a

-b-l-

. -0- - - ---//

Other _--- Heating System: Type - 9 9 , ~ ~

as-,

&I

Ztories :,!(- Ylocr a r e a

-</

/..j <J Type of Fuel: O i l

-

x. Cozl

-

Gas

Roof; Gable Mp A F l a t F'urnace; Hake

-

o t f i e r

-

c a p + c i t ~ .(+ i L2

./;C?

!:;

-

--

Basement

-

L Crawl space Sla L-- Burner; Hake

-

--

-

Insulation; c e i l i n g 3"

-

Capacity

-

,: 7,

-

Q>-< vt i- , -.-

walls 2 ., Controls ; Therm~~~+~~--~,=,.,r T?;

-

-.--

Vapour Farrier: c e i l j ng

-

_-

Location

-22

__

-..

walls

_{_}

Usual- s e t t i n g (day)

a - J -75 Windows; Type

-

3

Y- Y- A-

-

-

(night)- laz zing; d o ~ b l e

-

s i n g l e

--

L Material; frame . - -- - . sash .;v-- - Pan Cor~trol s e t t i n g s * . ,

.

-

.

.--

_{A q u a s t a t 8 e t q} On /&

OF

_{: --w} O f f

-

fz

OP

. CF

-

Storm windows; yes

A

no

-

tieatherstripping; yes

-

no _{- -}

-

Doors; Single S Q ~ L ~ R ---- ,- = _{-..- .---} -

-

c

-

..-

High LiPd3 getsing. 2 3 ~ , Chimney; ' outside i n s i d e x

--

Ffre,tZw; . % m G G ~ - -

_--

_{-> ---*} - C f r c c a t b & - -. .

-

----= Weatherstripping; _v- FQ

-

:+-i$$<.j-e-a g ~ r ; ; &~m tr: u s e * %_: -- -. %.- -- _U- A - m---

-

VestibAe; f r o n t ; y%s

..

n~

&w .5>%? a* .a12 t!JQeB

Pear; ye3

<---

: I x ; w e by ~ ~ ~ h e n - -Barn

~ a r t ~ l - ~ ~ C I P - T

..-

-

b y $ a -

-

Basenent; Nl

x

- e..--dwrarr.i:e; T-ype / - u Y ~ , ~

No.' o m Eiumidifierr

-

Type. p/difi

Approx.

height^-

-

- A V a l 1 below p a d e

-

Ft

.

Heated

>C

unheated

.

- Windows; Type -' Glazing s d

-

- - M e a t i o n d ~ 4 + / ~ -d2A- Condition -4 ucc.~ - - - -.

Servlcs-Water Heater: Type-' gyddzp

_-

, /-- Location - - . ,

- Washer; Type L~)fi-

Storms; yes no L o c a t ~ r ~ - &

-

-I-

Membrane under

floe-

-

-

-

General condition; wet . - . Vented? Y e s

-

No L

4

damp Indoor l i n e ; l o c a t i o n 8

! 1

' I '

I

<' i * , i ?

,p;

83

3

52:* 0

a- iii

0 - O a

52

5

I

-t- FIRST FLOOR L PLAY ROOM CRAWL SPACE FURNACE ROOM F i g u r e 13 House No. 1

b h m o u 1 "4'' I I W N M ROOM

H

LlVlN6 R O W X l l C H E H I 6RWNO FLOOR

i

PORCH / . - 2

i

GROUND FLOOR a , , . . , . r , . < o 7 - - a S U ' C

.

*<<r F i g u r e 1 5 House No. 3

'r. /

,t-

LIVING ROOM

tl

DINING

-1

ROOM FIRST FLOOR F i g u r e 16 House No.

4

CROWD FLOOR

a , z , , , , . . , , o ,<.ic 3. ,c<,

7 -

I

-

'IT-

FLOOR P L A N 0 ,,.,',,,,' ,,.', " ,,>, F i g u r e 18 House No. 6

L l V l N G ROOM L A Y M O R I AREA r- - CARPORT * . --

-

_i L-- - ~ ~~~ - ~~~~ ~- - ~ ~~ - IELD'-,"rr I" " 1 GROUND FLOOR " ,

-

,I. , - ' 7 . . , o

GKOUUO F L O O R

* + ,

-

, . . .

' . . " . , 1

3'. < , c r ,

rn

F F I T _-- FLOOR

FIGURE 24 OUTDOOR CONDITIONS

INSIDE AIR T E M t

'F INSIDE DIFFERENCE IN *F - OUTSIDE AIR TEMP

o ; j S % % g S 2 8

-

_-

l u > I l I -

_-

-1

- -

-

-

-

-

-

_-

-

-

-

_-

-

-

_-

-

_-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_-

-

I I i 1 I-. RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN PER CENT

N O T E : - - - AVERAGE

FIGURE 26 HOUSE No. 2 6 4 L R l l 1

N O T E : - - - A V E R A G E

FIGURE 2 7 HOUSE No. 3 B R 2 8 1 / - 4

NOTE: --- AVERAGE

INSIDE AIR TEMP, OF

m 0 1 * * 0

O U l O L n O

INSIDE - OUTSIDE AIR TEMP DIFFERENCE I N 'F o O 8 8 % 8 2 2 g

-

RELATIVE HUMIDITY I N PER CENT - N W D V I m * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

-

-

- -

_-

-

_-

-

_{I I I -}

HUMIDITY RATIO IN GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER LB OF DRY AIR

INSIDE AIR TEMC INSIDE - OUTSIDE AIR TEMP RELATIVE HUMIDITY HUMIDITY RATIO IN GRAINS OF 'F DIFFERENCE IN 'F I N PER CENT MOISTURE PER !A OF DRY AIR

m m - 4 - 0 p u m * m - N W P V I ~ * - ~ w ~ ~ n m * m l o O =

INSIDE AIR TEMR .F

m m - J - J O )

. o m o I J l 0

INSIDE - OUTSIDE AIR TEMP DIFFERENCE I N 'F

o z g i 3 $ 8 s ; g

RELATIVE HUMIDITY I N PER CENT

z g g g g g s

HUMIDITY RATIO IN GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER LB OF DRY AIR

-

_-

INSIDE AIR TEMP, "F m m . l - J m

. O U I O U I O

INSIDE

-

OUTSIDE AIR TEMP DIFFERENCE I N OF O ; s 2 8 % g z ; g RELATIVE HUMIDITY I N PER CENT - N L * O L n r n - J 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HUMIDITY RATIO IN GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER LB Q DRY AIR

- ~ w a u m - ~ m w E Z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

-

-

d -

_-

-

-

-

_- - - - - - -

-

-

-

_- -

_-

- _{I I I I I I I -}

INSIDE AIR TEMC

'

F HUMIDITY RATIO IN GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER LB OF DRY AIR

- N W O " o m - r a . a a =

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

N O T E : - - - AVERAGE

INSIDE AIR TEM?

OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY I N PER CENT

HUMIDITY RATIO IN GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER LB OF DRY AIR

- N W P W ~ - J - O O =

F I G U R E 36

1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 ) 1 l l ) 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

HUMIDITY RATIO,

-

_{INSIDE AVERAGE}

-

-

OUTSIDE AVERAGE

-

'\-a, I I I I ~ I I I I I I I I ~ I I I ~ I I I ~ I I I I ~ I I I ~ I I I I I I I I I I I I ~ I I I I I I I I I I I I

-

1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1

-

-

AVERAGE INSIDE AIR T E M P

-

-

r J \ / \ /

-

/ I\ I

'\

L J fi \

-

'

1,' \ I f

-

1

:

_rr \ '4

-

f \ L. I \-I -\ /

'

/' \ I '\ ,A\J#/ u' _\

1-

I \ I

-

\ I

-

1 I \ I 1 -J

-

-

I l l

,

1964 I r l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 l 1 l l l l l l l l l l l l 1 1 1

r;;c:12J;if

z B $ 8 q ~ = ~ ~ j m l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ = s ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ; ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~

FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

, 1961

IN DOOR TEMPERATURE, MONTHLY AVERAGE

INDOOR TEMPERATURE, LOWEST MONTHLY

OUTDOOR TEM PERATUR

M O N T H

HIGHEST INDOOR MONTHLY

INDOOR HUMIDITY RATIO MONTHLY AVERAGE

LOWEST INDOOR MONTHLY AVERAGE

OUTDOOR HUMIDITY RATIO

MONTH

-

HOUSE NO. I

-

0 W

-

-

PROBABLE JULY FROM AVERAGE

_-

I

I

I

I

I

w / HOUSE NO. 8

-

-

-

-

-

I

I

I

I

I- a W

-

HOUSE NO. 4

-

-

-

HOUSE NO. I 0 2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 60 7 0 80 10 2 0 30 4 0 5 0 60 7 0 80 OUTDOOR HUMIDITY RATIO, GRAINS P E R LB OUTDOOR HUMIDITY RATIO, GRAINS PER LB