UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
em m
<TB W
Dxstr.
GENERAL
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13 October 1965 Original: ENGLISH
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA CENTRE FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Synposium on Industrial Development in Africa Cairo, 27 January - 10 February 1966
DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND CERAMICS
INDUSTRIES IN UAR
(Presented by the Government of
The United Ara"b Republic)
Selffii:
M65-I88
■■■■■'.■■.■■
-r.;^-;v^: ^h
■
DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND
e/cn
CERAMICS
,l4/As/ll/2/f/l/l
IlfPUS'TRY IF THE UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC
.. ... ... ...
When the national revolution rose in 1952, it was evident that the way to develop the country and to raise the standard of living lies only in taking the necessary measures to increase "the promiTObn'ahd to establish a strong basis for industry in the youthful Republic. Accordingly, a wise policy, aiming at "the industrialization of the country,'"was'lSd down, and periodic schemes for economio and' social development we're 'drawn.
. . Needless to say that building and construction are the corner-stone for ..all the projects of..the, various sectors of the development schemes concerning ..production and s.ervioes,. Hence. :the important role played by the building
materials and ceramics in realization of the develppment schemes was recog nized, and a general organization was established to devote, its activities to develop these materials and contrive new ones at low production costs and in appropriate quality and sufficient quantity to cope with the increasing demands of the new development projects^0 ^-; ' iiv • ■
The sector of the building materials and ceramics comprises about 170
factories for the production of cement, gypsum, bricks,.pipes, sanitary ware,
tiles, glass, refractories, etc. Of these there are about .^modern mechanicalfactories (of a capital of L.B.15 million), belonging to'the General Egyptian Organization of Building Materials and Ceramic^tfe r^o^-the "factories
being small private enterprises.. { This is, apart from the other factory units .producing construction steel, electric appliances, gypsum, wood, as well asquarries,product3 of buildin£_and ornamental stones, sand, gravel, etc.
It Is worth mentioning -that building materials and ceramics present a big section of the UAR national ^oonoay, the value of building construction
being 2,500 million pounds.
The. building, and construction sector in the development schemes for production and., services includes rebuilding the -old villages and building new ones to.meet the., needs of, the, new reclaimed, land areas for agriculture and to establish the newly to3naQ& ind^rfcrial. societies. The value of suoh projects was estimated to be 300 million pounds per year. To meet the
/
Page 2
requirements of such projects from building materials and ceramics, schemes were drawn to increase the production of the present factories and to establish new ones.
Local building materials and ceramics consist mainly ofs
1, Natural Stones for Buildings such as limestone.) sandstone, granite, marble .,. etc. Till recently, marble worth one million pounds was imported every year. It is expected in the very near future, to increase the production capacity of the local marble quarries so as to attain s'elf satisfaction. It is noteworthy that in spite of the
; abundance of natural building stones in the UAR, yet they are not favoured because of the great thickness and load of the walls built from them. In, general, red building bricks are preferred io natural
. building stones. i : ■ ' - :'
1 2'. : Concrete
Concrete may be considered one of the most, important building materials. It represents an appreciable ratio of the total cost of the building- The saving in its use has been the subject of many studies. As a result of some of these studies, it was possible to
■manufacture 'light" 'weight Concrete blocks from locally available, materials,'
, Building Bricks .■.,...■■., ■ ■ ■:■> : -.■:■ "t . M.'f-x;. ■. '■"•
■ They, include ordinary red brick, cement brick, sandlime "brick ...
etc..: Bricks are considered the major constituent of the building volume In the-:.JJAIL Ordinary tf4'd> ■Btfidks/ ' made from Nile' silt, represent about 90 per cent of the total bricks consumed- in the UAR.
'..■■■■ ., ■ . -■■'■>■ :'<-L-'- J- *** ■ ■• j"
4... Pottery and Procelain ^rodue'ts
They include pipes, tiles, sanitary ware ,.. etc. Till recently, glazed tiles and sanitary ware were imported. Local production of these products started1 in 1961, ^and is'increasing rapidly to meet the increasing local demands. This- is"apart from the increasing production of Biame^led Sanitary Ware* ":;
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:_ Most of our requirements from construction steel, sheet glass are now satisfied from the"local production. Although increasing
amounts of wood are locally"produced from agricultural wastes, yet
some of our needs are still imported.
Most of our needs from paints, varnishes and special mortars are
now manufactured locally.
_... frheSe,materialsfind I1^^*1 only in special buildings. Most
of these materials are manufactured locally.
8. Electrical Appliancea ■'"-*'
Loca^ production of electrical appliances plays now ^important role in coping with our increasing demands.
Local production of prefabricated building units is now under consideration in the UAR to help in realizing the housing schemes in the villages in a short time and at a low cost. Several villages have recently been erected from complete prefabricated walls and roofs
at Tahrir Province,, -; -: - . ,: .;;..
The following pages of the ^epoz-t presents a survey of the most important.building materials and ceramics produced in the,TUB together with.the approved development schemes to oope with the local require-
ments, • . -. , ■ . . , t
These materials comprise I* Building Bricks»■-'■■■■■ li
III. Cement Products.
IV. Refractories, Pottery and Porcelain.
V. Glass. .
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I. BUILI>IirG.BRlCKS._ ^ ;i^,i; ._:
The important type "of building bricks employed in the'UAR ares
ordinary red bricks (manually formed), wire cut bricks (extrusion formed)i engineering bricks (mechanically pressed), sand lime bricks, cement bricks and sewer bricks. The popular dimensions are 25 x 12 x 7
cms. for bricks and 40 I 20 x 20 cms,., for blocks, . z -,....
1. Ordinary Red Bricks ^ ■
This type represents about 90 per cent of the total bricks consumed in the UAH. ThQ pressnt^locjal consumption; from this.type . in about,2,000 million bricks/year, which is expected to rise to 3,000 million bricks/year in 1970.-.This is to cope with the mcxeas- icg desasn&s of -IV.o development schemes.
The ordinary bricks are made from Nile silt brought and precipitated along tte panics of the Me, during the flood season. Factories
manufacturing this type of bricks are distributed along the Hile banks. In Cairo there are about 65/P.f.these;, factories., which produce
about 2 million bricks rP_er day. .This type of brick lacks exact regularity in shape and suffers from unsteady properties, due to the nonhomogeneity;. of the &Ue Silt. Accordingly, it is not suitable for use as facing bricl:. ..or in bearing, walls - it is used only in the _ construction as partition walls in the concrete skeletons- ....
This type of Vrick ^.s formed by extrusion and-is characterized by plain--surfaces and rootitude of edges. It may be used as facing bricks. The corupressive strength of this type of bricks is about
150 Kgms/cm . .. :.^- . ■..■,;■ ■
This type of brick is formed by mechanical pressing. It is
characterized by low water absorption (8 per cent) and high compressive strength (400 Kgms/cm2). It is employed in the construction of
Page 5/
dama, power static and r6ad paving. Local ^ oonsUfflption
type is 4 miUioa brieks, which is expected to be doubled execution of the irrigation projects, specially after the
: ■■■:■ " y:t::" iX: z- ?-. '::-: ■'':: -■■■■: ■ ■■-? ■ l'L Sand-Lime Bricks
■ ' This' type is made from lime and. sand. It is characterized to"
Mgh compressive strength of a.out 120 Wcm2. Our local production .
<* this type is about 20 million bricks per year.
Cement Bricks . ,. -.■-..
. *a tyPe is made from cement and Sand .x c.ment, sand and petoes
c crushed stones). It is made in the Tora of perforated Uo*. - xsu,^ ^ regions ^here ordina^. brickg axe not avaUable> ;. :
oonsuiuption of this type is limited.
.. Sewer Brioka . •-,...,.
This type is manufactured by addim? wnxhnm*** (
m. . ** ^u-ing P^rolusite (manganese oxide
^-1 to 8iliceoUS todirW material, to help the vitrification '
durlng tte ^ing process. Iti8r0llar80terizedby ^ ^ ^
absorptxon ratio ( not more than 4 per cent) and high ooapressive : . ,
strength (500 ^j ^ Mgh aoid resistanoe 2,5 perpent)
in of
^, post of the silt carried ,y tbe flood. waterg ^
prxnclpal raw material for the red *rick manufacture.
onthe basis of
g ^^ ^^ ^ ^
compensate the decrease in production of the ordinary red
nd to cope with th i
mWMIIIHII|HIH
E/CN,14/AS/ll/2/f/l/l Page1-,6s-"A'..-■"- '•■ ■■•'■■--■r" ;
The development scheme of the "brick industry includes the erection of- about 17 factories-'for sand-lime bricks and clay-bricks in different- regions ..covering all consumption centres of the Republic. The production capacity of these factories iiT about 700 million building units. The ■ .:■;
capital of the whole project is about 10 million pounds.
It is noteworthy that the general trend in the new brick projects, in addition to-the use of, alternative raw; materials to Nile silt, is the employment of-.^he■modern mechanical manufacturing methods and the production of perforated.light, weight and:largervolume building units.
The main advantages of these new types of building units..,^res.
1. Exact regularity of shape, ensured by .the mechanical body forma tion, permits doing without exterior plastering of the walls, thus
saving about '60 per cent of the cement us-ed for the plastering processes.
2. The use of large volume building units helps to save an appreciable ratio of the mortar used for cementing the units. The ratio saved may reach 75 per cent if the volume of the building uni.-j;. is increased to 4 times the standard voiutne of the ordinary red.brick, ., i:r ; 1 ■. ...
3. The use of perforated and .light weight building units helps to minimize the loads on the, basis,of which:the concrete foundation'
.. ,-■■>•■■■; \5:!>& '■■ ■ ' ■''■■■ '■ •' - 'v ■'■■■■'
and skel&totl "are to be designed^. &^QMl&8&$&8 ^ the .buildxng'
.' ■ ■ x$m ■ '.!■) ■'■■ '" •- ' ' ' ■...-■:
costs. This is in addition to the heat and sound proof characteristics of this type of brick. , . : ... ,. :- ... ■;■..., ■ ■:, 11 4. The mechanically shaped building units:,are^ characterized by relatively high cpmpressive,.strength^ thus.-.permitting "their use'in- the construction of bearing walls, .■■. . ■■■..■i-v. ■ ■■'■ ;; ' -1-1
5. The handling of large: volume'and light weight"building units is much easier than the standard ordinary bri'dks y'""and helps to minimize labour cost, ... ->,-. ■:';. ■ '7; ■ ■ ■-■:'-1 :
Page 7
II. CEMENT
foie-'UAirWaa among the leading countries which manufactured cement
and continued to-develop this industry"applying the most recent techniques' and equipment, tfo wonder therefore, that the Egyptian cement enjoys a good reputation 'among native and foreign consumers'"' because of its good quality, conformity with different international specifications and at the same time low price which competes with the lowest cement prices of the world. One of the main factors which helped to achieve this is that the raw materials necessary for this, industry - like limestone, clay, gypsum, kaolin, sand ... -,are \ available in great quantities and. good qualities in numerous- quarries
near the greatest consumption centres*
The first cement factory was erected in 1900 in Maasaxa, a.
village near Cairo, with a production capacity of ioo.,000 tons/year of Portland cement. How there are 4 large factories in the UAR with a production capacity of 2,5 million tons" of cement per year. These ~ factories produce six types of cements "
1« Regular Portland Cement
,„■■ This type represents 60 per cent of the total production of cement.. It conforms.*ith the Egyptian, British, American, German and French specifications. It is used in all plain, reinforced and
prestressed concrete structures. It is also used in the. construc tion of concrete floors, roofs and roads.
This type, represents-about 33 per cent of the total production of cement.., -It is produced, according to the Egyptian, British., American ^IGer^Bpecifications.: It is manufactured by grinding together 60 per cent Portland cement clinker, 35 per cent blast furnace slag, and 5 per cent gypsum. It,is used, like Portland cement, in buildings, roads, mortars and all plain and reinforced concrete.
works. It is characterized by its resistance to sea water and low
shrinkage«,
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3V Rapid setting Cement
It is manufactured "by grinding Portland cement clinker.to a ■
.1. - ■ ■ " O
high degree" of fineness (specific surface of a"bout .3^500 cm /gm).
It needs only 2 5 per cent of the period required, "by the regular Portland cement for setting and hardening* , ...
Sea water cement
This type of cement contains a comparatively lower ratio of tricalcium salicate and a higher ratio of tetracalcium alumino ferrite than the regular Portland cement. It is characterised by its resistance -to- sulphate:~and salt waters, and it is thus recommended for use-iii the'foundations of structures subject to the action of sulphate waters and for use in the lining of petroleum wells.
i. Low heat cefireht
This type of cement contains a high ratio of the components of low heat of hydration - dicalcium silicate and tetracalcium alumino ferrite. It is recommended for "big masses of concrete, like dams, to avoid any liability for cracks of any type type during setting and hardening. It is also characterized "by its resistance to sea wate.% This type of cement was used in the construction of some parts
of the projert. for electricity, generation from Aswan Dam. The High Dam will a}so require about 140,000 tons of this type 'of cement.
WhiteJ Portla?id Cement
The physical properties of this type of cement conform with the standard specifications ■-of the physical -properties -of "the- regular "
Portland cement, "but with greater fineness.(specific surface of - 3,000 cm2/gnu) and high degree of whiteness. This type of cement
is manufactured,;from-special raw materials like kaolin, white-sand
and iron—free-limestone =.
The last 4 types of cements represent about 7 P©*1 cent of the
total production of cement-
1m Mixed Cement (Karnak Cement
This type of cement is manufactured Toy grinding ?0 per .
Portland cement clinker,-25r-'-^sr cent quartz sand, 5 per cent gypsum ~
to a specific surface of 3,000 cm2/gm," "If conforms with the standard
specifications of the physical properties of the Portland blast"furnace slag cement 35* It is recommended to replace other regular "types of cement in all scopes of applications except in the reinforced concrete.
It was decided to produce this type of cement after carrying out a complete_study^concerning "th£ suitability of the Egyptian raw materials in the different regions for the production of this type of cement ' according to tHe required specifibat^oris1. This project has realized many economic advantages,' the most important of which are:
- The increase of the production capacity of the cement producing factories without the increase of the number of kilns, but with
., ihe ef*i°ient ^iiiaation of the surplus grinding capacities' ■
|iAn,*He ,^ifferent cement factories. This increase helps to
cope with the increasing demands for cement required for the"'"
development schemes. "-■■■■■■■■ ■-.-■■.. . - ..., ■...-■ #«
~ ^; ^OW^iflg of the cost of.^building and construction.
- efficient utilization of our nationaL;resources of raw materials.
One only need mention reinforced concrete foundations, walls, columns and girders for the construction of factories, schools, hospitals', liouses, dams, bridges ... to realize the dependence of industrial and social development schemes on cement and its products.
By studying the figures of the production and consumption of cement in the UAR from year 1889 to tfci year 1965, it will be seen that the consumption of cement in I889 did not exceed 3,000 tons, then increased gradually till it reached 100,000 tons in 1910, 413,000 tons in 1938, and 941,000 tons in 1952. It then continued to increase, but rapidly, till it reached 2,100,000 tons in I965. This is to cope
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Page 10
with the increasing demands of the development schemes vhlfb.ftf*
undertaken'in the last few years. The jggr^oagjja consumption,from :., ceie^t increased'accordingly from 44 Kgms in l^ tq about ?Q Kgms in 1^65. It is expected that the per capita consumption will continue to increase steadily and rapidly till it competes, in the near future,
with the" analogous international figures, _ :-r,. ,,■ ";; ■ „-,.„-■■ .&f3
The local production of cement kept pace with the developing local Consumption. The local cement factories succeeded also in * coping'with the export needs as the Egyptian cement is exported to ,...
abou^Sf countries0^The\export figure in 1960,^5 .650,000 tons; an<i, it is expected that this figure will rise rapidly in.the coming few:, years when the new cement projects are executed. _ ^
The study of the future demands for. cement, necessary for the projects of the development schemes, showed that the local consumption in 1970 will amount to 3?75O,OOO tons. This is in addition to the export'needs in 1970 which c;;3 er-oo+cd to reach, one million tons.
To self cope with these needs, the production capacity should te increased to 4,750,000 tons. As the present production capacity is 2?5OO,OOO3 therefore'the development scheme in the cement sector included enlar^eman^ projects to raise the production capacity- of the present factories to 4 million tons/yeiix in addition to the ..
erection of two new cement factories of production capacity of
750,000 tons/year.';:: , , .,..., .r.;^;
Tatle 1 shc-.rs the production capacities of the cement fa-c^pries- before and after enlargement, . ■ ■ r±: % E^i-1 ■-" ■
■
Page 11Factory
2• Helwan, 3» Alexandria U Tebbin
Suez
TABLE 1
Present Production Production capacity after oapaC1ty(l965)tonS enlargement, tons-
900,000 940,000 300,000 360,000
l,400r000 1,440,000"
500,ooo- 660,000 500,ooo^
. 250,00.0,
Total 2,500,000 4^750,000
Page 12 .'.I . ■;.£ T.
III. "CEMMT PRODUCTS
In Egypt there are many industries which depend on cement as'the" starting material and, produce many important products such
1. ..Asbestos - cement products? high pressure water pipes, sewer
■ ..-■-' i '-'■"- '■•■
pipes, sheetsj plates • •-,-■, ,
2, * Reinforced concrete products;: columns, stands and supports for electricity and irrigation networks.
3v-"r— Plain concrete products: "blocks for harbour pavements and wave barriers, cement "brickss perforated cement blocks, artificial
...building---&--U>n-er-ppe-fabricartod--concrete building elements.
The^ availability of these'products facilitated the execution
~SSr^«ay projeoie iETtSe*soo|we of irrigation, drainage, and road construction. It also made possible many vital projects, like the construction of the electricity and potable water networks in the villages and further places.
4, Prestressed concrete sleepers for the Egyptian railways? This type of sleeper was firstly introduced in the Middle East in 1964, to replace the wooden sleepers, because the concrete sleepers are more durable and of less over-all cost and maintainartce.
Table 2 shows the annual production capacity of Segwart Company
■which belongs to the Egyptian General Organization for Building Materials and Ceramics, and which is specialized in the manufacture of these types of products.
Product3
Production Capacity
■.!■ ysKi'jW
aiid Accessories - G^and Accessories'
Refractories and.Pottery
Rubber products
Total
Concrete sleepers ,.Humbertons
id, ooo
15,000
The tota! oaies of this^compa^ during the -last few years
reached 4 ^llionpounds^^ar^ of which about half a «&£
pounds is the ^Jf.^^jg^^ sales. ,,
The enlargemont :»>aects included ^ the development scheme
i or this o^iapaqjjjjugp^j; ;;:;-y' --i ^sv a? - ■ ; ■■■'■ - ; >V»
of the
also aims
he modern
demands the i
Qe production Rapacity of this project ,amounta to 59,OOO tons,
he value o^ ,s ,bout one ^^ ^^ ^ ^
of new work for 2.7 people,
2. The second PWaect!,inoludSs. the option «<V neV factory in^
Upper Egypt,.f0r. ^ .pTOducMon of conorete ^^^ Wlthyti : xncreasing demands for desert ^ land. reclamatlon;fo, ^^^^
va uePT 1O; °aPaCity °f tMS Pr°deCt iS aW 3°'000 *-• «-
i: ;::::L>E- 315'oo°Md tt in— - - -—-
IV. REFRACTORIES, POTTERY ASD PORCELAIN
Refractories :~ -. L J.l££^£'5bL^
Refractories-are■■used-in the construction and lining of the
furnaces, kilns^ and boilers of our vital industries. They are—
much used in the iron and steel furnaces and in the other metallurgical industries and foundry processes. They are also employed in the kilns.'>- of many other industries such as glass, cement, pipes, bricks, tiles- /"' and sanitary ware. Refractories are used also in the chemical indus-^ / tries, boilers, power houses and otjier industrial and productive fields;
Hence, refractories are considered one of.the most important ■ ""
supports for industry and production. Their importance is not only"
due to their value but also due to the vast and vital sector of sr' industries depending.on them. The value of this latter sector is estimated. by,_a5n_appreciabl«--ratio-of our national economy - "about 350 million pounds*,- Refractories, industry, keeping pace with the industrial development sct^mes,: Jias progressed rapidly since 1952*
Local production in 1951* which was. about 10,000 tons/year, covered only 50 per cent of our total needs. The. rest* which was. largely special and high duty refractories, was imported. In 1964/1965,
local production increased to 45,000 tons* over 400 per cent, that in 1951 r^-bnly 1,000 tons was imported," The new development scheme for refractories includes the increase of production capacity of re fractories so as to cope with the"future demands. Table 3 shows . the amounts of refractories consumed by the different sectors of industry before and"after;the execution of the development schemes.
It will be seen that the consumption of heavy industry comprising the metallurgical imiust^.ijes represents lover 60 per cent of the total consumption of refractories, , It will ;be .seen also that the local consumption will increase after the execution of the development "
scheme by about 50 P©*1 cent. Accordingly, the refractories development scheme aims at coping with the future requirements and attaining self .-.
satisfaction, as is shown in Table 4, , ■■ -■'.,-
-'onsu
Consuming sector
Metallurgical . .industries ■ Boilers
Cement Glass
Other" industries
Page 15
TABLE 3
27,000 6,000 3,000 2,500 6,500 45.000
development scheme
40,000 7j000 4,500 3,500 8,000 63,000
Types of refractories Silica v ■.;
-Chrome & -Magnesite
Dolomite High Alumina Fireclay 40/47 Fire clay 25/39
Total
TABLE 4
_ment scheme
), 1965
1,500 2,000 10?000 2,500 8,000 20,000
44j000
Development Scheme
■<-;■■■■ mm
*m
^^^&aa??s^s■~^&-~
Zigsim■'■■■■'.■'.- -.-'■."
3,000 4,000 14,000 5,000 12,000 25,000
63,000
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The development... scheme concerning this seat^r of-the- pottery and porcelain include3 increasing the production capacity of sanitary ware, glased'and ceramic tiles, "electrical insulators,., to cope with
the future dema&d$...f Table 5)0 _ ■ ■ ■ -' The value of the refractories development projects..is about 1,5 million pounds, while the value- of the pottery and porcelain develop ment projects is about 3-5 million pounds.
■' .; ■ TABLE 5 .,-.,:-
Production of Pottery and Porcelain before and after.-Pevej-Qp-
Product
Household ware Sanitary vrare Glazed Tiles Ceramic Tiles
ment Scheme
Present Production tons
2,000
1,500 1,000
Production tons, after develop ment scheme
3,500 5,000 3>50O
SQOO
Electrical insulators
Total 6?T00
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P:i ' { '
V. GLASS
:" "£"■;, ■"■■■. : ■■. '.:jl 3 ■ ■ :■■■-, ■ ■
..Although the first.glass tgato*y ^ in hiatQry wag erected._
-Tel ^ Ama^in^t, Wout.5j000 .years ^ yet the glass ina^
try vxth its. modeCT tephniaues ,waa n.t kno™ in Egypt:^12 ^ wJlen
oTtr H $laSS^aOt^ ^ Sh°^a - C^° - erected, At the end f the 2nd world war, ^to.atio maohine3 .ere employed in this faotory
for-tt, prod^tion^of sieet glasST to.^^^^ another f(wt was emoted ft. the production of re^oroed glass, glass worland PdyStyrSne ^n^ced ,-ith glasa wool. Th&re are also
glaaa^actorxes for the production of hous,hold glass ware. ■ . .
'^*he development .cheme concerning t^gl.ss industry i&H&**
the grease in^the pr.auction capacity of' the different glaS3 products
«d «» manufaotare ornew types of glass Edicts like Coloured glass
cal and medicinal.laboratories.
lar^glas, facto.ieo,™, aaalgamated, after naticn.li.ation,
^jp^ottoiH*^. now, a group of factories in Shoutea, okki and^dra in. A1e,andria. The Bhoubra factories d?al
S -^ C"^if~ types of Sheet and^la^Ilass,1 TS2£2?^' ^ Hadra factory deals «th '
a^a^yg],SE) glass wool and polystyrene reiBforced-S "'B6f"e 19Y°' DSkki faCt^Wil1 P^- tie insulat-
leat-resistaiit gla^ss. Table 6 Sfc*3£vt£
■tfie ''different tyPes"of ^lass product^
TABLE 6
Product Unit
.^anual ^d automatic products Ordinary Sheet glass
Ornamented sheet glass Hard glass
Glass wool (f.'.'b.ro) Glass wool (mat) Polystyrene
Production Capacities tons
tons
tons
15,000 8^000 57P 650 950,000 10
E/.4 Page 18
The average value of the total sales during the last three years amou»ts to^out 2 million pounds, -It is expected that-this value
will reach - after the execution of the enlargement projects and the
realization of the export-target - about 6 million pounds.
The enlargement projects include the following five promotes
This project aims at the increase of the production capacity to cope with the increasing demands.from sheet glass for the huild.ng
md housing schemes, and-for the new industries like motor cars and^
television sets.... The production capacity pf the project is aW
30,000 tons/year of which 5,000 tons are of polished glass. The project will also give chances of new work for l,500 people.This project aims at the increase in the production of household
glaSB .**»■and- containers. The production capacity of the project
is 16,000 tons-and gives chanoes for new work for 400 people. ■■This project aims at the production of coloured glass containers.., to meet the inpreasing retirements of the pharmaceutical, and .eve^es industries. ^ I^also aims at the production of sodium silicate to cope with the'increasing demands of the soap industry. The production,
capacity of the.project.is 15,000 tons per year of coloured glass . products and 10,000 tons peryear of sodium silicate. The project gives new chances for work for aW 520 people.
•The?projecf aims at covering the increase in the local consumption
of n^t^i- -and- heat resistant glass. The production capacity cf^he project is 2,500 tons and the project gives new chances of work for
300 people. . ... ;
production
work for 110 people,
PJrpieCtalso '^es.new chances
Page/20.//
CONCLUSION
TABLE
Summary of Hew
Division
Brioks
Cement
Cement products Refractories
Pottery & Porcelain Glass
Sector
Increase in production capacity
Total^^ :;: New Chances Cost L.E. for work million '
700 million build ing units
3 million tons 210,000 tons
30,000 tons 41,000 tons
Total
2,632 2,069 2,254
1,614
2,876
12,445
It might be of interest to summarize, as indicated in Table 7, the development projects in the building a*d ceramic Materials Sector as a whole. It will be seen that the total cost of these new projects amounts
to about 58 million pounds which represents about 400 per cent of the original capital of the group of companies undertaking these projects.
The main targets of these projects, as has been indicated in the previous pages, are to cope with the increasing demands of the various sectors of the development scheme from building materials and ceramics, to attain self satisfaction and to open new fields for earning for the increasing population and at the same time increasing the potentialities of the Republic to build the industrial basis for a new and strong
nation.
