HAL Id: inria-00072690
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072690
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
Pre-Order Semantics of UML State-Machines
Yunming Wang, Jean-Pierre Talpin, Albert Benveniste, Paul Le Guernic
To cite this version:
Yunming Wang, Jean-Pierre Talpin, Albert Benveniste, Paul Le Guernic. Pre-Order Semantics of UML State-Machines. [Research Report] RR-3958, INRIA. 2000. �inria-00072690�
ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--3958--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
THÈME 1
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Pre-Order Semantics of UML State-Machines
Yunming Wang — Jean-Pierre Talpin — Albert Benveniste — Paul Le Guernic
N° 3958
June 2000
Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes
IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
Téléphone : +33 2 99 84 71 00 — Télécopie : +33 2 99 84 71 71
+-,./102.354 67.&3!8*97:;6<.=>?0@:;AA:CBD67E2F02.G8HIEKJ*:LANMIOP:;.RQS:L.02TMU:58V>W67,EWXY:[Z\,&:;A.02]
^`_(ab%ced?f ghijclknmLo\cNpqijrLijpsab%ci
t*usvxwjcNpWy*z;{}|psu
gqknz(z7v~ujpcujc_(cNus_(c< nnf nm((cn~~f -zk~ci
NUxn ^`_cNv~(cNzpPvnir;_(usv~v~m(i-z(ujv~~usknbb%_kni ScNc¡z(usv~z7v~ijc¢k([£¤(c¥¦r§kn¨{
cNzp©cNª1p©_c«(cNis¤~¬vnDusckn¥¦{p©b%cir;ip©cNbiN®`ujm(¦p©iN®kn(¯cb- 7c(cªirLijp©cNbiN°²±;v~b%c«ujcNcp
uscNiscknus_(cNi_kl³nckn¥¤isvIz(usvnzSv~ijc¡k\b%c_(kn(ijb´p©v\(¤ijp©uj (m;p©cekIijrL(_(ujv~(v~m(iijrLijpscbvU³~cNu-knir;L{
_(ujv~(v~m(iI(cµp}£vnus¶·i°¸\clkn£_(¤¥cn®º¹»'¼¯¤ikn¥¤isv¢ 7cNv~b¤(1k¢ijp©kn(kus½@u©knb%cN£Yv~uj¶¬vnv~ LwjcNNp{
v~ujcpsc\bcµp©_(vL(v~¥¤v~~cNi°
¾
m(uujcijclknuj_!knb%ip©v¡p©kn¶nc«kn³knp©kn~cvDp©_ciscus_¯ kn¶·~ujv~m(((i r¯¤p©cnu©kps(¡k[irL;{
_(ujv~(v~m(i%z(¦³~vnp%lk¥¥cN½¿7À<ÁÂÃ5Ä@ijrL(_(ujv~(v~m(iz(usc¨{}v~uj(cupsu©kn(ij¤psv~1ijrLip©cbÆÅp©v¢¹»'¼¢k(Çpsv
z(ujv~zSvnisck(cN£Èb%cNps_(vL(v~¥vnnre@v~up©_(cº(cµ³~cN¥v~z(b%cpWvnusclk¥¦{Épsb%cWijpsus¤ (mp©cNIijrLijpscb%i°
Ê}\ps_(i`z(knzScNu®(£Yc@vLmi`v~\ps_(cºijism(cºvn˹»'¼Æipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ciN°Ì5c'Íujijpqz(ujciscNp?keuscNm(ujis¤³nc
ijpsusm(µp©m(ujcIvn¹º»'¼¡ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(ciN°1Îv~b%zknuscNÏ£¤p©_1cknus¥¤cuPijpsm((cNi®Ëp©_(¤iijpsusm(µp©m(ujc\ijm(z(z7v~ujpsi
vnbz7v~is¦p©cp©u©k(is¦p©vn(iDk(Ð_(ip©v~ujcNi°'|WÑpscu'k (us¤cNËpsusvL(m(Npsv~«p©vÆps_(cz(¤³nvnp¿<À7ÁÂî7£c-£¤¥¥
vn(cN·psu©kpscv~\p©_(c@v~usbkn¥ijcbknp©¤iDvY¹»'¼ijp©kp©cbkn_(cP rIp©uskn(is¥kp©¤(e¤pq§¿7À<ÁÂÃ~°Ì¡c
£¥¤¥<kn¥ijv~¦³~cWisv~b%cDNv~bz¥cNpscWc¨oknbz¥ciVvnÒps_(cWpsu©kn(ij¥Ókpsv~knNv~uj((p©vp©_(c?zusvnpsvnp}rLzScq£c?_(kU³nc
b%z(¥¤cb%cp©cN°
Ô«ÕÖR×jØ-Ù ÛÚ&nÝÜ b%¥®;ijpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((c®(ijp©kp©cN_knupl®iscNbÆk·psNi®7±;z7vnp©i
c-Nv~(Nczp'c-¥Ók%z(usv~nu©knb%bÆkÛp©vn\irL(_(usvn(c%kÆhNpshz(ujv~zSvnish-cµp'¥Óknuj~cb%cpDknNczpsh
kni?¥c(hN³nc¥¤v~z(z7cb%cp'(cNi?ijrLijpsab%ci'cNCp©cb%z(iWushcN¥®7(ciDujm(¦p©iN®RcNpD(ciDijrLijpsab%ci'¥mi°Dc
ushNcN·psiÆujc_(cNus_(cNiv~pÆhNkn¥cNbcNpzusv~z7v~ish\m(¯bhNlkn(¤isb%czSvnm(uijpsus¤ (m(cuem(ÇijrLip©ab%cirL;{
_(ujv~(c«knm;{}cisijm(iÆci%ushijclknmLoªkijrL(_(ujv~(ciN°!y*ªkpjp©cknpl®W¹º»'¼5cipÆhNkn¥cNbcNpcN³~cN·m½m(
lk(uscºijp©kn(kus\(cib%hNp©_v;(vn¥v~~¤civnuscNp©h'v~ Lwjcµpl°
Wvnpsuscv~ ·wjcNps¤V(ceuscN_(cuj_(cicip(cz(usvÍ(p©cNu'(ccNiPkl³knpk~ci'cN¡¤·psh~usknp'm(§z(¦³~vnp'irL;{
_(ujv~(cknzzScN¥he¿7À<ÁÂÃÄ2ir;ip©aNbcPijrL(_(ujv~(c(cp©u©k(is¦p©vn«z(ujhµ{Év~us(vn((hclÅqk(i¹º»'¼Icµp?(cPz(usv{
z7v~iscNuqm(cº(v~m³nc¥¥¤c'bhµp©_(vL(v~¥¤v~~¤cDz7v~m(u`¥c'hN³~cN¥v~zzScNbcN·pW(cNiqirLijp©aNbcNiDujhlknµp©¤@i`ijpsus¤ (m(hiN°
?kn(icNpknujps¥¤cn®&(v~m(i(v~m(i-¤p©hujcijisv~(i-knm¢z(ujv~ (¥aNbc%(cipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(cNi(cI¹»'¼°Wvnm(i
z(ujhiscNp©v~(iIkn 7v~us½m(cÐijpsusm(µp©m(ujcÐushNm(usij¤³nc[cÐijpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((cNi(c¡¹º»'¼<° Îv~b%zknujhc¢(cNi
hNpsm((cNiz(ujhhN(cpsi®·cµpsp©cYijpsusm(µp©m(ujcbknp©¤cp(cNip©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~(ivnbz7v~ishNcicNp(ci_(ip©v~¤usciN°|Wz(usaNi
m((ce (ujaN³nc¤·psusvL(m(µp©vn§knm§z(¤³nvnp¿7À<ÁÂÃ~®Ò(v~m(iº(vnm(iºv~(Ncp©ujv~(iism(uº¥kishbknp©·m(c-@v~usb%c¥¤¥c
(cNiipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(cNi'(cƹ»'¼«cN§¥ci?psu©knm(isknpºcÏ¿7À<ÁÂÃ~°qv~m(iºkn¥¤¥v~(iDhkn¥¤cb%cp'(hNbvn·psuscNu
(cNi*cµo;cb%z(¥cNivnbz(¥¤cNpsi(c¥kWp©uskn(m(µp©¤v~-knz(ujai¥¤cz(ujvnp©vnp}rLz7c·m(c(v~mi*kl³~v~(i*¤bz¥hb%cpshYk(i
(vnpsuscºh·m(¤zSc°
ÈÙ x × "! Ü b%¥®;ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(cn®(ipkpsc_knupl®<iscNbÆk·ps#·m(c®7±;zSvp©i
| bcµp©_(vL(kn¥knz(zusvkn_«p©vps_(c(cN³nc¥vnz(bcNp?vn*ijpsus¤ (mp©cNijvnÑp}£kuscipknnciW@ujv~b z(ujc¥¤b¤knur
usc·m(ujcb%cpqisz7c¦ÍlkÛp©vn(i®(cNis¤~Iz(_knijci®7(cNz(¥vUrLbcNpq³ncuj¤Íkp©¤v~I(vU£\psvNv;(cº~cN(cuskp©¤v~°
±;m(_%(cNisn%zusz¥ciknusc`z(ujcijcpVijp©kn(kus%v~ Lwjcµpj{Év~us¤cp©cN%vnpkpsv~iism(_knips_(c?¹»'¼°Ê}
ism_(vnp©kp©¤v~(i®·(cµ³~cN¥v~z(b%cpYiËismz(zSvnujp©cNÆ rknknususkn(~cNbcN·pYvnR@v~ujbÆk¥(vnp©kp©¤v~(iN®L us~(
(RcNuscpÆkn(ªNv~b%z(¥cNbcN·p©knujr5³;¤cN£ivnºk§ijrLijpscbÐ¥Ókisi%(Óknnu©knb%i«Ä@p©_c«cNisiscN(cÐv'ijpsusm(µp©m(u {
·Åµ®;(cz(¥¤vUr;b%cpq(kn~u©kbiºÄÑp©ve(cNisuj 7cknus_(¦p©cNNp©musci©Åµ®ijc·m(ccÓkn~usknb%iºÄ@psv%ijzScN¦Ñr~¥¤v~ kn¥
kn (ip©usknNpsv~(i©Åkn(\ijp©kp©cº(kn~u©kbiºÄÑp©ve¥vLlk¥¥¤r%ujcz(ujciscNpD 7c_kl³LvnusiŨ°
WvU£YcN³~cNu®kºbkp©_(cNbÆkÛp©kn¥¥¦r'£cN¥¥{É@v~m((c%bcµp©_(vL@v~u*p©_(c(cµ³~cN¥v~z(b%cpYvnijpsus¤ (mp©cNijvnÑpj{
£knuscPlkn«_knus¥¤rI~usknisz\p©_(cPiscbknp©¤iqvnËk%ijrLijpscb v~mpWvn*vnbz(ujv~b%iscN\kn(Cv~up©_(vn~v~kn¥ÒvnpkÛ{
p©¤v~(iN°PÊ}§vn·psu©knipl®Ò¦p?is_v~m(¥§Nv~(is¤ijpºvnYkijb%z(¥ckn(§b¤(bkn¥ÒijcNpºvnVbkp©_(cNbÆkÛp©kn¥v~cz;p©i
m(ijc¢(muskn¥¤¥p©_c(cµ³~cN¥v~z(b%cpz(usvLcNisi°¸«v~ijpP@v~usbkn¥cisNus¤zp©¤v~[psc_(#·m(ciP(cij~c5@v~u
p©_cPcN(~ccuj(%vn(ip©us¤ (mpsc\ijrLijpscb%i?kn(R®7¤«z(knujpsm¥ÓknuN®p©_(vnisc(Nv~usz7v~u©kÛp©c\psv%ps_(ce¹º»'¼<®
lk((vnpDclknij¥¤r\ 7cm(ijc§knC¤·psc~uskp©cN2knij_(v~R°D^`_(cµrC_kl³~cisz7c¦Í-ijcbknp©PbvL(cN¥i®7ism¤p©cN
@v~ukzknup©¤m(¥knuijpscz\vn&p©_(cº(cµ³~c¥¤v~z(b%cpl°
^`_(c¥kn¶ncËvn(p©cN~u©kpsv~' 7cNp}£YccN-p©_(cV(RcNuscp&³LcN£i&ijp©kn(kusvn Lwjcµpj{}vnuscNp©c@v~usbkn¥¤isb%i
_kniujccNp©¥¤r?bvnps¤³kpsc?c¨o;psc(ijv~ivnLNv~³~cpsv~k¥·@vnusbkn¥¤isb%i®ijm(_PkniÒp©_(c*¥¤¤³~c*ijc·m(cN(c¨{}_knup©i
vn K° ¾ m(uDknb ¤iqpsv(cb%v~(ip©uskp©cp©_(cP ScN(cNÍ(p?vnËm(is¤(kz(¤³nvnpD@v~ujbÆk¥ijb«®lkn¥¤¥c¼®S ®
@v~ukÏp©cN~u©kpscÏ(cµ³~cN¥v~z(b%cpevnq(¤ijpsus mp©cNÏusclkNp©¦³~cijvnÑp}£kuscn°¡^`_(ibvL(c¥kn((ujcijisciep©_c
¶ncµreijism(cNiYusknijc%p©_(c(cµ³~cN¥v~z(b%cpYvnS(ip©us¤ (mpsceuscknNps¤³~cqijrLip©cb%iËp©_kpV(vn(cvnSps_(cqcµo;ip©
@v~ujbÆkn¥¤ijbiËr~cµpq@m¥¥¤rpsc~uskp©c° Dknb%c¥¦r~®ps_(c'clknuj¥¤rÆv~u`zknup©Ók¥R(cNisn(ivnirLijp©cNb isz7cN¤Íkp©¤v~(i
_(cuj¤pk(c®uscµÍ(cNbcN·pWkn\ujcm(ijcºvnirLijp©cNb (cNisujzpsv~i<knuj_(¤pscNpsm(usc'b%vL(c¥¤(kn(I(cz¥vUr{
b%cpl°
±LpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((cNi@v~ujb kn¤bz7v~upknpkn(Iisv~z_(ip©kp©cNv~b%z7v~(cp`v&ps_(cP¹º»'¼%@u©knb%cN£Yv~uj¶7°
^`_(cµrÆz(¥klrÆkcijiscpsÓkn¥Susv~¥¤cW¤p©_c? ScN_kl³Lv~uskn¥<(cijus¤zp©¤v~vnÒkijrLijpscb\°*|D¥¦p©_(v~m~_®;kn;@v~usbkn¥
v~u`¤·psm(¤ps¤³nc'iscbknp©¤i`@v~u`ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(cibklr 7c_c¥z;@m(¥@v~u`m(ijcusip©v%lkzp©m(ujcº¶ncNr\¤·psm(¤psv~i®
¤pYiVvnÒ¤p©cujcip©ipsv (m(¤¥Æk@v~ujbÆkn¥ijcbknp©¤i¤Æijm(_IkP£kUreps_kp³ncuj¤Íkp©¤v~®LvL(cD~cN(cuskp©¤v~®
v~zpsb%kp©¤v~®k(¡cz(¥¤vxrLb%cpPlkn[ Sc%clkis¥¦rÐknzz(¥¤cÐp©vIp©_(c%ijrLip©cb\°±L(Nc%ps_(ce(cNͤp©¤v~§vn
¿<Â(Â; K®·m(bcNusv~mivn·psus¤ (mp©¤v~(i_kl³~c 7ccNÏ(cN³nvnp©cN¢p©vCz(ujvU³;¤(Ck«ijcbknp©¤i@v~u
p©_i@v~usbkn¥¤isb\°&±;v~b%cYmisc`knm;p©v~bkpkv~u&_(cNu©knuj_(kn¥;knmp©vnbÆkp©k!#" K®n~usknz(_-c¨o;zkn(ijv~$ K®n¥kn ScN¥cN
p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~ijrLip©cb%d~d K®z(ujv;Ncisiqkn¥¤~c u©kni&dU K°
WvU£YcN³~cNu®b%v~ipvnp©_(cNiscIz(ujv~zSvni©kn¥¤i-m(ism(kn¥¥¦r5ip©m(r¢knÇkn (ip©u©kNpeism ;{}ijcNp%vnº¿<Â(Â;ÂiN°
'v~u`ijpk(c®bv~ipqz(usv~z7v~iskn¥i`(v%(vnp`p©kn¶ncºp©_cvnp©¤v~Ivn)(*+-,/.021'p©vevn(is¤(cuskp©¤v~®(v~u`v(vp
vn(is¤(cu435.*7698:5.0<;Nv~((cNNpsv~usiN°Ê}ºbv~iplknijciN®nkl³kn¥kn (¥¤cb%v;(cN¥ivn(¥¤rWv~iscuÒp©uskn(is¦p©¤v~(iS£__
_kl³~cPv~(cºisvnm(usNcijp©kp©cPkn(\v~(cºpkus~cµpWipkpscn°¸«v~uscNvU³~cuN®7ps_(cisv~m(ujcijp©kp©cPkn(\p©_(cºpknuj~cNpqipkpsc
knujcqb%v~ipËvnRps_(c`p©b%c`uscNknuj(ckniËism( L{}ijp©kp©cNivnRkn%v~u{Éijp©kp©cÄ@°cn°~p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~(iËknujcv~(¥¤r-kn¥¥¤vU£cNkÛp
p©_c'i©knb%c'¥cµ³~c¥Óŵ°V±;m_«·m(b%cujv~m(i`uscNijpsusµp©¤v~(i`(ve(vnpÍ(p`£¤ps_(ujclkn¥{}is=cNIknz(z(¥¤lkÛp©vn;{}v~ujcN·psc
z(ujvÛwjcµp©iqm(is¤(¿<Â>Â?;°
¼@® º_kni 7ccN z(ujv~z7v~iscN kniIkÏz(¦³~vnp@vnusbkn¥¤isb @v~u(cNisNus (1 7c_kl³Lv~uskn¥?ir;ip©cNb
isz7cN¤Íkp©¤v~(i%kn(Ç_kni%kn¥¤uscknrÏz(ujvU³~cÇp©v[ Sc\knÇcµo;z(ujcijis¤³nc@v~ujbÆkn¥¤ijb«® rÇkn¥¤¥vU£p©_(c\cL{
vL(¤(vnYbcNisi©k~ceisc·m(cN(c_knup©i®ir;_(usv~v~m(i¥kn(~m(kn~ciÄ2ism_¢kni-¿?A7BDC¼Ed ÑÅ?k(¡vp©_(cNu
lk¥m¥°`Ê}FG¼®S(RcNuscN·pW³LcN£iDvnËkÆir;ip©cNb´lkC ScPlknz;p©m(ujcC£¤ps_(«kÆijb%z(¥cºbkp©_(cNbÆkÛp©kn¥
vU³~cNuºknijrL(_(ujv~(v~micNp}£Yv~us¶·i®kbcN¥¤r-6. (0<.6 1k( *+ . (0<.6 1®S_kl³~c 7cc§ijzScN¤Í(cЫp©_(¤i
ijpsusm(µp©m(ujc K°
¾
m(u-kn¤bÝi_(cujcÆp©vCzusvU³L(ckIp©uskn(is¥kp©¤v~¢k(5@v~ujbÆkn¥Ëijcbknp©Nivn?¹º»'¼§ipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(cNi
¡p©cujbivn`p©_(cÆijrL(_(ujv~(v~m(iez(ujcµ{Év~us(cNup©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~5irLijp©cNbiv ¼°ÐÊ}ÏiscNNp©¤v~Ç;®£Yc(cNÍ((c
p©_c\ip©ujm(Npsm(uscIvnº¹»'¼¡ipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(cNi°Ç±;cNNp©¤v~Ç Ci(cµ³~vnpscÇp©v[kÐ (us¤cNqp©ujv;m(Npsv~Ïvnqp©_c
¼Ælkn¥¤m(¥¤m(i°Y^`_(cP@vLm(iqvnp©_(¤iqz(knzScNuip©_(cº(cµÍ(¤psv~\vnke@v~ujbÆk¥iscNbÆknpsiqvnV¹»'¼ijp©kp©c¨{
bkn_(ci`pscusb%i`vn ¼%z(usc¨{}v~uj(cuji®iscNNpsv~ (°V±;vnbc'Nv~bz¥cNpsc?cµoknb%z(¥¤ci`vn&p©_(c'psu©kn(ij¥Ókpsv~
@usvnb ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ciYp©v¿7À<ÁÂúknuscºk¥isv~¤³nc|Wz(z7c((o|P®knNv~us(psv-p©_(c'zusvnpsvnp}rLzSc?£Yc
_kl³~cb%z(¥¤cb%cp©cN°
&º( *)IN
Õ " Õ NU n & Õ
Ì¡cujcNm(usij¤³~cN¥¤rcNÍ(cºp©_cip©ujm(Npsm(uscvn˹»'¼Æijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cikni
|È kiscµ{Éijp©kp©c ¤ikijpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((c'vp}rLz7c!"#°
^`_(cijpsusm(µp©m(ujcÃ%$&('")*,+Ã-/.10
-3254
Dik«ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(c%vnp}rLz7c6('")C=Çkn¥¤¥VÃ-87,9:$<;7>=?=A@¯knujc
ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ciN°
^`_(c%ijpsusm(µp©m(ujcÃB$DC(EF,+ÉÃ-G. 0
-3254
72H72H7ÂI WikIijpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((cvp}rLzScBC(EÇkn¥¥ËÃ-J7,9K$L;7>=?=M@
knujcPipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(cNi°ÃN4¤ips_(c(¦p©Ók¥ism( L{}ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cn® 5ip©_cP_(¤ijpsv~ujrI(vL(c® Ïip©_c
(cNcz;{É_(ip©v~urI(vL(cn®Skn(Â5iWkijcNp?vOP-,JQ *GRST$, 0#Q 69+-*7,* .69+`kpqp©_(cP¥cN³nc¥&vnËÃ~°^`_(¤iq£¤¥¥Ò 7c
(cµÍ(cN¥ÓkÛp©cup©_(¤i`iscNNp©¤v~°
U&NU Õ eWV&ÚYXI2N Ù Ö
Ì¡cW£us¦p©c[Z1\^]_(Ã` @v~uËp©_(cDp}rLz7cDvnipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(cDÃ~®^abÉÃN ¤p©iV_(¤ijp©vnujrkn(dceà *¦p©icczL{}_(¤ijp©vnujr~°
f ¤³~cN[kIipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(ceÃ~®£Yce(cNÍcg:ÉÃ` p©vI 7c-p©_(cijcNpvnYism( L{}ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(ci'vnà hgjiÃ` Wki
p©_ciscµp?vn(cijcN((cpsi¤(¥¤m((¤(e¤p©ijc¥¦ Sk(kgmlHÉÃN kniWps_(cPijcNpDvn*(cNiscN((cN·psi'cµo;¥¤m((¤(Ʀp©iscN¥¤ °
|`Nv~us(~¥¦r~®£YcÆk¥isvI(cµÍ(cnaeiÉÃN Wkni'ps_(cem((vn[vogmiÉÃN Dkn(¡kn¥¥vnVp©_(cNu'_(¤ijp©vnujrÐ(vL(cNiPk(
(cNcz;{É_(ip©v~ur¯v;(cNi:aelHÃN ekni%p©_(c«m((vnªvnpgmlHÉÃN ek(¬p©_cuCÄ2(cNcz<Å%_(ip©v~ur1(v;ci° ^`_(c¤u
@v~ujbÆkn¥S(cNÍ((¤psv~(ikuscº~¤³ncI'¤~m(ujc-d~°
qeU"X Ù*r7Ù V !/@ Ö
^£vqijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(cËÃsut$ Ã>ssÛknusc*kn¥¥¤c .02,( .Tv.6Q`R¦·p©_(cµrºknusc*¤?p}£vq(RcNuscpijm( ;{}ipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(cNi
vnYkn[kn(L{}ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cn°!'v~usbkn¥¥¦r~®SÃ`4?k([Ã"wknujc .02,( .Tv.6Q`R<5p©_cuscc¨o;ijpsikn§kn(;{Éijp©kp©c%Ã
kn(Ã s4 t$ Ã sw
¤ g:ÉÃ` Vi°pl°7Ã`4mxya
i
ÉÃ s4
YknCÃ>w[xya
i
ÉÃ
sw
©°
z xWV&>Ñ"Ù V&
| ,0#Q 69+-*7,* .6{8|^}~7jW7J v~(ijip©iDvËkkR?Q(R Vk(zku{£ijcvnujp©_v~~v~k¥ÒiscNpsiDvn)+ .>0,ipkpsci|P}
kn($,JQ 0vP-,ipkpscijÄKkn_(ip©v~ur(vL(cNiŵ°^`_(c`isv~musc(v;ci*vn7kDpsu©kn(ij¤psv~Plkn .6WR1Y ScipkpsciN°
gpF(J # $
g:J('")*,+ÉÃ-G. 0
-3254
T <$ gp/C E#T+Ã-/. 0-254
7: T $Ã-J7,9I$;7,@
g i ÃN $ g l Ã` Ã
g l
ÃN $ gpÃ
ÃÃ
g l ÉÃ-/
a i
ÃN $ g i ÉÃN
à 2! #"
à $%Ã&
abÉÃ
s
7TceÃ
s
'
a l
ÃN $ g l
Ã`
à 2! #"
à ()*Ã+
abÉÃ
s
7TceÃ
s
'
'~muscd V±;m (ijp©kp©cNiDkn«_(¤ijpsv~ujrÆvnkipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(c
^knus~cµp-(vL(cNilk¢ Scc¦p©_(cNuPipkpsci-v~u_(¤ijp©vnujr[(vL(ciN°«| ¥Ókn 7c¥Ëivnbz7v~iscN¢vnk -,`-6 , Ò®k
v` Q 0T BÏv~uqkn QP-,* .6 V°
f
cN(cuskn¥¥¦rºisz7clkn¶·¤((®k +-,8Q ,1&(cvnp©cNip©_(ckn (ijpsu©knµp©¤v~ÄÑp©_(c(knbclÅv7kWijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cn°&Ì!_(cu {
cN³ncuq(vev~;@m(is¤v~«bklrknujijcn®£Yc£¤¥¥Sm(isc'p©_cºpscujb +-,8Q ,1`¤Iz(¥ÓknNc'vn +-,8Q ,1-.0/!QP (*76 µ°
1Õ UW !Õ ÚÇlÛ V>Ñ" Ù V
Ê}²kn½v~u {}ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cn®k5psu©kn(ij¤psv~½k¥¥vU£i%p©vÏis_¤Ñp@ujv~b vn(cCism ;{}ipkpscCp©v1kn(vp©_(cNu° ^`_(c
v~u {}ijp©kp©c¤iºlkn¥¤¥cCps_(ce¥cµ³~c¥ËvnVp©_cepsu©knis¤psv~§k([ps_(cijcijm( ;{ÉijpkÛp©ci¤psi'bÆkÐisvnm(usNcÆkn¡bkn
pkus~cµpl°
'usv~b kn(vnps_(cuzSv~¤pvn³Lcµ£º®£_(c\kpsu©kn(ij¤psv~%pkn¶ci`c Scµpl®¦pcµo;¦p©i`k-ijcNpvnipkpsci®cNp©cuji
kn(vp©_(cNu*iscNpVvn7ipkpsci®Lkn%ipklrLiËr~cµpk(vnp©_cu° WcN(c®Lps_(c`¥cµ³~c¥v7ps_(cp©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~ip©_(c`¥¤vx£Ycip
ijp©kp©cep©_cir;ip©cNb £¤¥¥ipklr[ &p©_(c%bÆk§isv~musci'p©_cÆ_(¤~_(cipijpkÛp©cep©_(c%p©u©k(is¦p©vn§£¤¥¥c¨o;¤p5
kn(Ip©_cbkn¤Æpknuj~cNpq¤ip©_(cº_(¤~_(cipijp©kp©c'p©_cºpsu©knis¤psv~£¤¥¥Scp©cNu°
f ¦³~cN§kÆp©u©k(is¦p©vn8|P}7jW7J ©®¤psiD¥cµ³~cN¥ËÃe¤iWps_(c¥vU£Ycijp?v~b%bvnÐkn(Ncijpsv~u?vnm|^}2{j«ijm(_
p©_(kpZ1\^]_(Ã` $YC E L¤psi3/!Q *76 + .>0,*¤i*p©_(cqism( L{}ijp©kp©cDà s vnÃDiskp©¤ijÑrL( |^}34 g i Éà s <kn¦p©i3/!Q *76
,JQ 0JvP-,Ò¤ip©_(cºijm( ;{}ipkpscPÃ ss
iN°p°*j54 a i
à ss
°
| P-,8Q *GRSTG, 0#Q 69+-*7,* .6Wvn;kipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(cËÃp$ C E1,+ÉÃ-. 0
-3254
72H72H7 7ik`psm(z(¥¤c ÉÃ607
7¨Ã8:97 |P}7jW7J ox
§v~(ijip©%vk-p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~ 8|P}7jW7J kp¥¤cN³~cN¥&Ã~®<kebkn¤isv~m(ujcPÃ607
kn(«kbÆkpkus~cµpWÃ8:9n°
;=< ?>! Õ[email protected]*769+-,JQ 6 8 ,(W:5.RGR.+DD*76Pv¹»'¼ +-,JQ ,1-.0/!QP (*76 m .69+-*+-,7+ . :oQ,/.FEv~u. +-,JQ ,F-.0/!QP (*76
GL .+/=E . +T . :&,HD .Pism( I. +-,JQ ,1-.0/!QP (*76 +KJ<Q 6ML?NOJ *+ Q 6Ikn(I. +-,JQ ,F-.0/!QP (*76 Q 6QP&8SR Q 0,
knijcT. +-,JQ ,F-.0/!QP (*76 NVU ( Q+ (*+-, .0216 .PQW Q 6YX ( Q+kP0E (*+-,/.021E6 .P[Z\N^]p .0# *76PvE,/.
P Q 6 Q 0, .0-,7( .Tv.6Q`R8 + .BQ 0,=R Q 6 8j>, Q 6 Q 0, 6 ., N
40#Q 69+-*7, * .6 Z,4d/!Q;( +&,7(W +-,8Q ,1-.0/!QP (*76 OG *7,D+ . +-,8Q ,1KJLQ 6 -6 ,F-0 + . +-,8Q ,1KL 8D+ . *7,7+
RS-,`R *+=G&8D*7,+ /!Q *76 + .0,KJLQ 6 *7, + /!Q *76 ,8Q 0vP-,SL?N
R Z
P N
U V
M
T S
W dt2
Q K X
Y
dt3 dt4
h
J
G:$C(EFT+ J 7FL . 7'7'7+ZT47FZ
J $ ('")WT+ Uy7FX .
U{$C(EFT+#Po7R .7W 7'A7+Z
X $C(EFT+ 7 .7'A7FZW7+Z1w
Z$ Lk7FJ 7+L 7 W 7 "!$#%~
Z,4T$ J 7FLk7 RH7 7( ? 74$& 4"!$# 4T
=>=>=
'~m(ujc>*|Gijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(c'kn(\¤psi`usczuscijcpkÛp©vn
%n"Ù V&
yËkn_«psu©knis¤psv~I_kiDkn«knµp©vn°Y| ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cPÃPbÆklrIk¥isv% 7cc·m(z(z7c\£¤ps_\ps_(uscNcknµp©¤v~(i
('
*)H
ÃN ® 607
ÉÃN ®I8:9(ÃN ®£_(¤_¡kusc-c¨ocNmpsc[£_(c§p©_(cirLijp©cNb#ijp©klr;iN®cµo;¤psi®Òcpscusi'ps_(cijp©kp©c¨{
bkn_(c?uscNisz7cNps¤³nc¥¤rn° 'k¥¥¤rn®p}£vep©uskn(is¦p©¤v~(ikusc'vn,+µp©¤(-¤ps_(cNrÆbÆklrcµo;¤pijv~bcDv~b%bvn
ijp©kp©c~Ä2i©Åµ°
- . Ò% IYµ /10325456
¼ ® Nv~(is¤ijpsivnijrLb- 7v~¥¤%psu©knis¤psv~¡ijrLijpscb%i5£__¢p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~(iPusc¥kp©c¥Ókn 7c¥¤c¡z(usc¨{
v~uj(cujiijzScN¤Í(c¯³Lk§uscNNpsc¬nu©knz(_iÄ@isv{Élkn¥¤¥cN!¿<À7ÁÂÃ\v~ueijrL(_usv~(vnm(iÆz(ujcµ{Év~us(cNu%psu©knis¤psv~
ijrLip©cb%iŨ°
;=< ?>! Õ87:9-, + :5.0*769+-,8Q 6 { .69+-*/P-0 ,7(W<;>=@?BACDE= -, Dm-6 ,HD . ,JQ+ ; +F=@GIHJQ 6K=@GH$L Q 6
.`-+-0,`, (W .020, +0E .6P-6 b-,HDm-6Q`, .+/!Q ,JQYQ 6E?0,-. .0TP-0<+NNM-6 ,7(WO;>=@?BACPDE= 8 :5.>0+-,8Q ,1-.
, 0TQ 69+-*7,* .69+{Q 0 +0EW-*_jT *76 0,TQP-, * .6 ,/. ,7(W*76TE,[/d + +QvPRQSTACUEVTNXWjQP ( . : ,7(W-/ *76 0 +{Q
+-,JQ ,F-./, 0#Q 69+-*7,* .6ZY:20<.+/LQ[=@GIH / .P&,/.6Q\Q]DDE^ / .P_BQ 6 ,7(W .020,-6 . : Q 6F.>,E>, /d + +QvP
YFQ\QC;>=`C&.0 Q\QCa^% .+/[/!Q 6 ,/. ,7(WcbdaefGI]ak .6 ,F-0<+_TN
] E?0,-. .0TP-0,0TQ 69+-*7,* .6 +-1 +-,1-/ 0,0E?0, +-6 ,7+ ,7(*+ +-,0 *-,/0 1 P .+/=E . +-*76PvF*7, *76 ,/. Q ,/.+/ *J
0,TQP-, * .69+hg 8[Q 6e1$0,-6P-0-*76Pv ,7(W! ( QT, * .0 . : ,7(W +-1 +-,1-/ Q+nQ{ ( .*J . :Q$0,TQP-, * .6ig DD*7,7(*76
Q$+-,kj 8KP0EW-6 *76Pv .6F,7(W *76 *7, */Q`R+-,JQ ,1iY , (Whlnmo_ Q 6.6F,7(W *76TE,p-,`-6 , +N[B.0 *769+-,JQ 6 8 ,7(W
, 0TQ 69+-*7,* .6 :20<.+/NQ]DDE^ , .8=pGIH$L+-,JQ ,F 0, q>*70, + , (W *76TE>,rQSTACUEVbQ 65E?0<.`* + , (W .>,E>,sQC;>=tCL N
(W&,1-0/vu P-6 .,1 + Q +-*GRS-6 ,),0#Q 69+-*7,* .6 N
arbiter
switch/start1
switch/start2
switch/stop2 switch/stop1
run1 run2
sleep sleep
@lnm/ ( lhluE(' p NE^ g 4
@lnmFE('P lhlu( p FCP g w
@lnm/ ( lhluE('! p NE"!` gf
@lnmFE('!N lhlu( p FC!N g
'~m(ujcº 9*^`_(cknuj (¤pscukn(\¤psip©uskn(is¥kp©¤v~
# Õ~× >& Õ
±LrL(_(ujv~(v~mi%zuscµ{Év~uscupsu©kn(ij¤psv~¡ijrLijpscb%iÄ}¿7À<ÁÂÃxÅPknujc(cµÍ(c1vU³~cNu-Í(³~cIkbc¨{}isz(kncNip©_kÛp
knNv~m(pe@v~u-z7v~up©i%$ x U¢®*³knuskn (¥¤ci%& x Re®Yz(¤(ilx('®Ëv~(ipknpsi*) x,+#knÇvnzScNu©kpsv~(i
- x/.1032
04 4+
0 +n ©°Æ|D[cµo;z(ujcijisvn65n®vn³kn¥¤m(ce7+%®&lk¡ 7cÆkIknb%c98!Ä2k\Nv~(ijp©knp9)
v~uk³knuskn (¥c:&Å?v~uºk¡v~z7cuskp©¤v~ - ;54<>=>=
0
©°Æ¸\cisiskn~cNi?$;5 Dknujceusczuscijcp©cN1kniknisijv;NÓkpsv~i?vn
cµo;z(ujcijisvn(i@5psvÐzSv~up©i:$°5t*(ilx,' knujcm(iscNÏp©vÐuscNz(uscNiscN·p¤p©kn¥*ijp©kp©cNi3l m ;5 ºkn(ÏÍkn¥
ijp©kp©cNislhl ;5 Yvn&p©_cºpsu©knis¤psv~irLijp©cNb«°
Ax >IX&
| ~u©knz_OgCNv~(ijijpsiDvnbcNisiskn~ciB$;5 kn(«vnujc$+c¨o;¤³~c¨{Épsu©kn(ij¤ps¤³~cºknm(i©k¥¤p}rusc¥kp©¤v~(isgC gWs7vn
b%(¤bÆkD'cmFEG+ kn(\bkÛo;bkD':l7EF+e°Ë^`_(cPNv~b%zSv~ij¤psv~<gHhgWs7vnnu©knz(_iq¤i`(cNÍ((c« ·r
p©_cm((vn[vVps_(c~usknz(_(i g5kn( gWs=®R@v~uºkn¥¤¥I$;5 px g5kn(G$;5~s? x gWsÓ®J5$K5~sÓ°^`_c%ijc·m(cN(c
gL g s
iq(cµÍ(cÐ rIp©_cvnbz7v~is¦p©¤v~vn g®7vn g s
k(Cvnlknm(iskn¥¦p}rIuscN¥Ókpsv~(iM$5 N $ s
;5
s
@v~u
kn¥¤¥O$;5 mx gkn( $ s ;5 s mx8g s°
gPQ$hu Ä@is¤¥ccUÅ
R
$;5 Ä@bcNisiskn~cUÅ
R
lnm;5 Ä@z(usc¨{}Nv~((¦p©vn<Å
R
lhl ;5 Ä@zSvnijpj{Év~(¤psv~<Å
R
g gWs Ä@iscLmc(NcUÅ
R
gShg s Ä@v~b%z7v~is¦p©vn<Å
'~musc4 f u©knz_(ig
T ! Ö1ÙVUOr x >uX&
|È2knb%¥¤r[j[iqkiscNpqvn~usknz(_(igÐknijiscNb- (¥cN« rps_(cº_(v~¤cºv~z7cu©kÛp©v~u °*Ì5c'£uj¤p©ccg x j[@v~u`p©_c
b%cb- 7cujis_(¤zÐvndg[p©vFjÇ= j $Xg j sѰP^`_(cev~b%z7v~is¦p©vn5jW j svnËp}£vI2knb%¥¤ciqi?cNÍ(cN5¤
£¤ps_ps_(cWisknb%cq³kn¥¤m(cn°Ì¡cW£uj¤psc%j3j sW$Pju5 Pj su @vnuVps_(cDir;_(usv~lkÛp©vnÆvn jÐkn( j sÓ°
j Q$ g Ä2uscknNpsv~Å
R j j s Ä2_(v~¤clÅ
R j hjs Ä2vnbz7v~is¦p©¤v~<Å
R
jOj s Ä2ijrL(_usv~(=lkpsv~Å
'nm(uscº '7kb¤¥cNidj
;=< ?>! Õ:9-,h +6 .+D .69+-*/P-0 ,7(W +-16 (0<.6 . +: .+/=E . +-*7, * .6$. : ,7(Wk;>=@?IACDE= Y# QT/=ERS c>_ DD*7,7(
Q[b a e GI]ay .6 ,F-0(NR (W +0EW-*_jTQ ,* .6E. :&,(Wb a e GI]ay .6 ,1-0 *+ 0,-6P-0,T%1dQ:~QT/ *GR1 .69+-*+-, *76Pv
. :&,7(0 0TQP-,* .69+g < < ER +u N[ (W :~QT/ *GR1j "nP-6 .,1 +&,7(W ( QT, * .0 . : , (W + . +-,JQ ,Fc=@GIHJ+N
modulo2 arbiter
switch/stop1
switch/start1
switch/start2
switch/stop2
stop1
start1 tick / out1
tick
run1 run2
run1 sleep1
sleep
sleep
j m$ u pl m ~!` l l E('! :NE"!` g
pl m E('!N / l l !` :FC!N g
plmhE('!N / lhluE('! j" g
'¤~m(usc&">*| Nv~m(p©cNubvL(m(¥¤vek(«¦p©ipsu©kn(ij¥Ókpsv~
M-6 , (Wp .+/=E . +T :~QT/ *GR1j " " j -8 gW4 8 gPwpQ 6 g Q 0, *76P0EW-6P-6 , 8ID (W-0TQ+ gfG+ ( Q 0, +
,7(Wn-,`-6 , QC;>=`CJ[DD*7,7(1gdQ 6 g ,7(W -,`-6 , QCa^J[DD*7,7(1g N
j " " cj $ u gf cg> g * g # g 4 g w g g 49cg# pgPw@ gT T
U Ö VX Ù V Ù % Ù ?> Ù >@ Ù V
cNpWm(i£us¤psc$ xU pg `knOlx ' pg @v~u`ps_(cÍ((¤pscPijcNp©iqvn2E .02,7+qkn( E?*769+`vËk%nu©knz(_Og°^&£Yv
~usknz(_(i g xZj1kn5g s xZj s knujck .+/=E . +Q(RSµ®Sc(vnpsc g<g s®R=5knr«³ncujpscµoG$)> Ä2uscNisz° l m ;) ®
l l )> ÅV£_(¤_«iskp©¤ijÍcNi $ x U ju U Pj s DÄ@uscNisz°olbxG' Pju ' Pj s ÅvLmusi` g«=¤pvLNm(usi¤
gWsÓ°Ë^`_(cN®
j j s $ !
"
$#
<"
%#
<
"'&()"
pgH g s
Ê}\kisb%vLvnp©_b%vU³~cD@ujv~b k-bkps_(cbkp©¤lkn¥<b%v;c¥SpsvU£knuj(ik@m(¥¤¥¦{+(c(~cNisz7cN¤Íkp©¤v~¥kn(~mk~cn®
isvnbcmiscN@m¥((cuj¤³ncev~z7cu©kÛp©v~ujilkne 7c(cµÍ(cR®Lijm(_knip©_c`c·m(b%cu©kÛp©vnO&*=j\v~ups_(c`uscNijp©ujµp©vn
$h=jÄ2v*p©_(c-ijv~z7cvn*ps_(c-z7v~ujp $[psvp©_(cP2knb¤¥¤rFj&Ũ° cµp'm(i?£uj¤p©c %kn( º@v~uDp©_c-(v~bkn
vnk-z7v~ujp $kn(Ivnk³knujÓkn (¥¤c &<°^`_(cºm(¤³~cNusiskn¥·mknp©¦ÍlkÛp©vnO&=j§(cNÍciqk-³nkusÓk (¥c&%£__
~cN(cujlk¥¥¤rCbvL(c¥¤ips_(cÆijcNpv`2knb¤¥¤ci jd>)$!& Yv~ujuscNisz7v~((¤(p©v\p©_(cÆusclkNp©¤v~(iºp©vÐk¥¥ËzSvnisis¤ (¥c
³kn¥mci )'vn*ps_(c³knuskn (¥¤c&<° Wccn®O&=j $ u
jd) !& ° f m(knus(i?knuscPbvL(c¥¤c« ·rknijiscup©¤v~
z7v~ujpsi§£_(vnisc?(vnbÆkn¤knujc?uscNijpsusµp©cNp©v $ BF·°*|b%ciji©knnco5 *(cµÍ(cikIknisijcujpsv~kni¤p
lkusus¤cike SvLv~¥¤clknc¨ozuscijis¤v~F5'£_(_\lk«v~¥¤r 7cºz(uscNiscN·pW¤ps_(c'³nk¥m(c'vn 5¤ip©ujm(cn°
;=<
?>!
Õ:M-6 , (W\¿7À<ÁÂÃ8B-6W*/d-0#Q , * .6 Q 6{v` Q 0# Q`RGR.+D , .{vP-6 -02*JTQ`RGR1P`_ 6 ,7(W +-, . :
0,TQP-, * .69+ . :$*76_ 6 *7,F +-,8Q ,1$+-1 +-,1-/ + 8Dcn°(°pQ bdaefGI]a .6 ,F-0<8n1P`_ 6 *76Pv Q P :~Q`^R, ( QT, * .0<8
.69+-*+-, *76Pv . : ,7(W, 0#Q 69+-*7,* .6&:20<.+/ lnmy G, .%lhl /@ O6P-0 ,7(W .6 *7, * .6@k$;N :CP)! kQ 6
E .60-*E?, . : Q\CAU"d-,`-6 ,78oQ 6dRS-, , *76Pv *7,)*769(W-0-*7,78m1 +-16 (0<.6 . +n .+/=E . +-*7,* .698 ,7(W ( QT, * .0
. : -/ *7, , *76Pv\aGC J[D (W-6 ,(Wn .6 ,@ *+ 0, +-,),/.$# N
j"m$ u 7
s
=&%'%
)(D l m J l l J s
* J,s $,+H -
.%
/o s $ >0( C "!"
/o,s $ -- >0(N -'-
1 Ù V~ Õ V" Ù V¬WV&Ú! Õ 5WVS"2
^`_(c\v~ijp©ujm(Npsv~1vnqp©_c\irL(_(usvn(v~m(i%p©u©kcIvnDkÐ2kb¤¥¤r j vn(is¤ijp©ievnqp©_c\Nv~(kp©cNkp©¤v~1vn
knz(zusv~z(ujÓkpscIz(usc¨{}v~uj(cuji_(vnisc¬1p©_kp%2knb%¥¦r~°ÇyËkn_ªvn(lkpsckÛp©c¯z(usc¨{}v~uj(cu%_(cN(c«(cNÍci
knÏcN¥cb%cp©knujr¡zkpjp©cuj¢p©_kÛpbvL(cN¥i-k1kp©v~b%%uscknNpsv~R°[^£YvC£cN¥¥¦{@v~usb%c5~u©knz_(igh7gWsËknujc
.6 TQ ,1-6Q(RSWÄ2(cN(vnpsc g2 gWsÅV®3hlxG' g *' pg*s? ® lhl ;) ox547608 g lnm)s? mx94;:=<h gWs? ?>
) $ ) s°
^`_(cDirL(_(usvn(v~m(iNv~(kp©cNkp©¤v~ gA@g s vnSp}£vPv~lkpsckn ¥cq~u©knz_(i gkn(Rg s iËv~ p©knc% ·r
ÍujijpY(cN·ps¤ÑrLcl l ;) ox547608 g *k([l m ;) ox54:B<hpg s kniklH;) *kn%ps_(c rp©kn¶·(ºp©_(cq(¤i@wjv~¤·p
m((¤v~1gDCcg*s°^`_·m(i jE@ jsn$ Ig@sg*s
R
gkx5jH7 gWsx5j s7Tg 2 g*s·®Lkn(p©_(cNv{}¦p©cuskp©¦³~cknzz(¥¤lkpsv~
vn&p©_(cºNv~(lkÛp©c(kp©¤v~Iv~zScNu©kpsv~u@(cNÍ((cip©_(cºir;_(usv~v~m(iWpsu©knNci jGFH@ j JIvkz(ujv;Ncisi£_(v~ijc
¤p©kn¥7ijpkÛp©cÄ2ujciszR°¬ 7c_kl³Lv~u©Åi`(cNisuj 7c\ rFjGF-Ä@uscijz° j&ŵ°
K
È PªÒ&'( P*)NI
LAMON P5QSRGTVUVWXUZY'[!Q]\_^a`'b]RcQ]de[gf]UZ^aY
Ê} vnus(cNu\psv¯(cµÍ(c5kÇijcbknp©Ni«v¹»'¼ªipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ciIm(ij(²¿7À<ÁÂÃ~®D£Yc¡Íujijp«(cNÍc¡p©_c
0,T`*-, * .6kn(Ip©_(c :20#QT/dvknIv~u {}ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(cn®kn(Ip©_(cN«ip©m(;rp©_(cNu`iscNbÆk·psNiqujc¥kp©¤v~°
| RSTQ 6[ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cihÉÃN Pi%k§ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(cv~ pk(cNÇ@ujv~b ë r1uscNbvU³L5kn¥¤¥vnD¤p©i
p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~(iN°*^`_(c 0,T`W-,* .67j ÉÃN Yvnkn\v~u{ÉijpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((c'Ã$ C(EF,+ÉÃ-G.0
-3254
72H727Â Yv~isip©ivn¤p©i
p©vnz«¥¤cN³~cN¥Òp©u©k(is¦p©vn(i`v~(¥¦r~®<kniv~z(z7v~ijc«psv¦p©iD:20#QT/dlkyÉà ©®7Nv~(ijijps(evn¥vU£Ycu¥cµ³~c¥Òpsu©kn(ij¤psv~(i
v~(¥¦r~°
'nm(uscÆC~¤³ncikn5v~u{ÉijpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((c®¤psiP@usknbcÆkn(Ϧp©iujc(mNp©¤v~°ÐÊ}Ïp©_cÆ@u©knb%cn®£ckn
hHÉÃN $ C E1,+ hHÉÃ- F. 0
-3254
72H727 ¤Ã:$ C(EFT+ÉÃ-. 0-254
72H727©ÂI
'")*T+hÃ-/ .
0
-3254
¤Ã:$ ('")*,+KÃ-/.
0
-3254
à vnp©_cuj£¤isc
j{ÉÃ` $pC(EF,+hHÉÃ- F.
0
-3254
7 72H7ÂI
k ÃN $pC(EF,+ÉÃ-G. 0
-3254 72H72H7
'~m(ujc
'u©knb%c'kn«ujc(m(µp©¤v~Ivn*knIv~u {}ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(c
Frame Reduction
Or State machine
'~m(ujcº9*|D\v~u {}ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cn®;¤p©i@usknb%c'kn(\uscN(m(Npsv~
ism ;{}ipkpscÆlk5ijps¥¤¥* Sc³~v~¶c5£_cÏ(cNciji©knur~°±;v(®&p©_(c%@u©knb%ce(cijus¤ ScNip©_c 7c_kl³LvnuPvn`kn
v~u {}ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(cD£_(cN«p©_cuscº¤i`(vNv~p©ujv~¥Rp©uskn(i@cu Scµp}£cNcC¦p©iÄ@(ujcNpÅism( L{}ijp©kp©cNi°
|DiVk'v~b%z(¥¤cb%cpl®~¤p©_(c`ujc(m(µp©¤v~®clk_p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~£¤¥¥¥¤clkn-psvkºNv~p©ujv~¥p©uskn(i@cuË Scµp}£cNc
¤psi`ism( L{}ijp©kp©cNi°±;v(®(¦p(cijuj 7ci`p©_(cº 7c_kl³Lvnu`vnk«v~u {}ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(cD£_(cN«¦p_kniism_vn·psusv~¥
p©uskn(i@cu° qvnp©cCps_kpl®W(m(c§p©v1vn,+µp©¤(¢p©uskn(is¦p©¤v~(i®p©_cusc§kn 7c[kpIb%v~ijpIv~c§psu©knis¤psv~
7cNp}£Ycc%ism ;{}ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ci³~v~¶cev~(cip©czR°D'm(ujps_(cujbv~ujcn®n£_c(cµ³~cu*ps_(cujc`ikDpsu©knis¤psv~
7cNp}£Ycc¡ism( L{}ijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(ciN®(vp©uskn(is¦p©¤v~¤(is¤(c-¤psi?ism ;{}ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(c-kn§ Sc¤·³nv~¶ncN°|Wi
kPujcijm(¥¤p®;p©_cD 7c_kl³Lv~uVvn&knv~u{Éijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(cq¤ik_(v~NcD 7cNp}£YccN\¦p©iË@u©knb%cWkn(¦p©iVuscm(Npsv~°
LAM [?b Uf Q [aY b]TZ[gf]UV^aY
Ì¡cÆ(vU£ ~¤³ncÆk\@v~usbkn¥*iscNbÆk·psNivn?¹º»'¼§ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ciP r[psu©knis¥ÓkÛp©«¦p¤·psv¼ iirL;{
_(ujv~(v~m(iYz(usc¨{}v~uj(cuËp©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~%ijrLijpscb%i°*Ì5c£¥¤¥(Íusipz(ujvU³;¤(cWkP knijp©uskn(is¥kp©¤v~®~£¦p©_(v~m;pk·r
vn(is¤(cuskp©¤v~CvnYknµp©vn(i'kpjpkn_(cN[psvijp©kp©cNi®Ò(v~uDz(us¤v~us¦p©cNiDvnËpsu©kn(ij¤psv~(iN°ºÊ}Ðiscµp©¤v~ (° k(
(°M(®£Yc£¤¥¥S(ijm(ijiqps_(cijcP¤isismci°
V&-WV&Ú /V@"@ ! r x >uX
|Diq£cP_kl³~ckn¥ujclknrijpkÛp©cR®7@v~uWkn«v~u{ÉijpkÛp©cn®<¦¤pq¤iWkNp©¦³~c®Sv~cknv~(¥¦rIv~(cvn¦p©iqism( L{}ijp©kp©cNi
iYknµp©¤³ncn°V±;v®;£YcD£¥¤¥usckp©c?kPzkn¤uYvz((i W
Ã
ÄKkPijpkujpzk(knc¨o;¤pz<Å*\¿7À<ÁÂÃD@v~uYckn_
v~u {}ijp©kp©cÃ%psv«ujcNv~us[p©_(cknNps¤³ncijm( ;{}ipkpscn° W mÃ
Ã- Wbckn(iºp©_(c%knµp©¦³~c%ism( ;{Éijp©kp©c%vnÃe£kni-Ã-kÛp
¥Ókijp`p©¤bc®kn( W Ã
ÉÃ- Yb%clkniq¦p£¥¥S Sc«Ã-kÑp©cNups_(i`ip©cNz°Ì¡cº£¤¥¥Òk¥isvem(ijc-kz(¤«~cN(cuskp©vnu
ÉÃN Ykni`@v~¥¥¤vU£i®;£_cusc - ÃN c(vnpscip©_(c'2kps_(cu`v*Ã~°WÄúikism( L{}ijp©kp©cvn - ÄÃxŨ°Å
uÉÃN $ W - Ã
ÉÃN ' ¤hZ1\P]5_( - ÉÃN # u$ C(E
¤hZ1\P]5_(
-
ÉÃN # u$ '")
±;c'p©_(cº¤(¤psÓkn¥<ijp©kp©cºvnÃp$YC ET+ÉÃ-.0
-254
72 72 7©Â YiqÃN4¨®(£Yc_(kU³nc l Ã`4 V¤p©_(cº¤p©kn¥<~u©kz(_
vnV¿7À<ÁÂÃ~®£_(¤_«¤iknNpsmkn¥¥¦r W lÃ
Ã`4T '·°
USU n x !VlÛ V!@"Ù V
Ì¡c?(vU£²(cNÍcºkijpsusm(µp©m(uskn¥Spsu©kn(ij¥Ókpsv~%@usv~bipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ciYp©v-z(ujcµ{Év~us(cNusipsu©knis¤psv~ijrLijpscb%i
rb%clkn(ivn&p©_cbknzư
^`_(cºijcbknp©Nivnk kiscijpkÛp©cµ{ÉbÆk_((c "J Yi`ij¥¤cpl°*K°c°
%F> # $ u
^`_(cijcbknp©¤i'vnYkijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(¤(ceÃ$ '")*T+ÉÃ-. 0-254
qiDps_(cijrL(_usv~(vnm(iºv~b%zSvnis¤psv~«vn
¦p©i`ism ;{}ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(ciN®°cn°
%Ã` u$
0-3254
%ÉÃ-/
^`_(cqiscNbÆk·psNiVvÒkn%v~u{Éijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(cqÃWiVkº_(v~Nc Scµp}£cNc¦p©i*@u©knb%ckn(%¤psiËuscm(Npsv~
%ÃN u$%j ÃN T ! 6kyÉÃN T
^`_(c`ijcbknp©¤iv7ps_(cujc(m(µp©¤v~vn7knv~u {}ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(cÃp$ C(E,+Ã>-G. 0
-3254
7 H7 7Â Òik?_v~Nc
knb%v~(ek¥¥vn¤psip©uskn(is¦p©¤v~(i
6j à # u$ !
UÂ
6 Z~
^`_(cI@u©kbcvnDknÇv~u{Éijp©kp©c¨{}bkn_(c\Ãb$ C(E,+Ã>-G.0
-3254
7 H7 7Â P¤iepsu©knis¥ÓkÛp©c1¤·psvÐp©_(c\ism( L{
ipkpscµ{}bkn_(¤(c?p©_(kp`£kiDknµp©¦³~c
dkyÉÃN T u$ W mà & 0
!
-3254
/ &n$ Ã-J %Ã>-/ W lÃ
Ã>-/ T
Ì!_(cNusc£cm(iscp©_(c(vnpsv~$?@vnuW_(¤cusknus_r\kniqijp©kp©cNE ° Wcujc¤ips_(ccµo;z(¥Ókkp©¤v~Ivn
ps_(i@v~ujb-m(¥k9
W m
à &W G*ijm(z(z7v~iscãkniz(uscµ³Lv~m(ij¥¤r¤ism( L{}ijp©kp©c&
&$ Ã- *¤I&ƤiqÃ>-
%Ã- p©_(cN«¦p©i` 7c_kl³Lvnuq¤i6ÉÃ-/
W lÃ
Ã>-/ GVknik%ujcijm(¥¤p®<㥤¥Rip©¥¤¥RipklrIps_(cPÃ-
6Ãp$ ('")*,+Ã>-G. 0
-3254
# $
0-3254
%Ã>-/
%Ãp$ C(E,+KÃ-G. 0
-3254
7 H7 7Â # $ 6j{ÉÃ` T ! 6kyÉÃN T
%kyÉÃ # $ W m
à & 0
!
-3254
o & $ Ã-J %ÉÃ- W là ÉÃ- #
%j Ã` # $ !
lÂ
6 ^Z~
'~m(ujcº9V±Lpsusm(µp©m(uskn¥p©uskn(is¥kp©¤v~
z xWV&!@"Ù V ÙVU Ú Õ UW !Õ ÚÇlÛ V>Ñ" Ù V
Îv~(ij(cNu'kÆ(cµpkn¤¥cN«p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~¤C~cN(cuskn¥ Z:$ Ã607
7Ã8:9N7 |^}~7j*72 B ! °WÌ5c-cvnbz7v~isc¤p©i
p©uskn(ij¥Ókpsv~¤·psv-p©_(ujcczknup©i
6 ^Z~ $ m 8|P}7¨Ã607
% 5 ? 6 B T
% H
nl jW7¨Ã8:9N
Ì!_(cNi`¦p`c(kn (¥cN
Ì!_kppsv%v%¦¦p`ikNp©¦³kp©cN
Ì!_kpi`ps_(cºuscijm(¥¤pqNv~Í~mu©kpsv~
'~m(ujcdU9*^&u©knis¥ÓkÛp©vnvncNpk¥cNp©uskn(is¦p©¤v~(i
z xWV&!@"Ù V ÙVU Nl(U >I/V
f ¤³~cN5k\iscµpvnzkn¤uj£ijcev~ujps_(v~~v~(kn¥*ijp©kp©cNi |^}N®H|^} 4 g i ÉÃ607
® m 8|P}7¨Ã607
?¤((¤lkpscik\ijcNpPvn
ijp©knujpqz(¤(i`cism(uj(ep©_(cºir;ip©cNb Iijp©kp©cNi:|P}°
cNpiNv~(is¤(cup©_(¤i%£klr [^`_(cpsu©knis¤psv~Ç£¥¤¥q 7ccNkn (¥¤cªvn(¥¤rǤDp©_(cCirLijp©cNb ¤i¤!Ã607
°
|`((¦p©¤v~kn¥¤¥¤r~®Û£cqbkUr-_kl³~cqisv~b%c }@m(up©_(cNuË@v~ujbÆkÛp©vn Ëp©_kÛpVps_(cijrLijpscbb-m(ipYkn¥ijv 7ceijp©kp©cNi
|^}'¦Y¦p'i'cNkn (¥¤c°PÌ5c£¥¤¥(cµÍ(c [mJ|^}7¨Ã607
quscNm(ujis¦³~c¥¦rÐ rÐlkisc%knkn¥¦rLisiDv~Ðp©_(¤i }@m(up©_(cNu
;@v~usbkp©¤v~ Wkn\ps_(c'p}r;z7cºvnÃ607
°Ë^`_(¤i`i`¥¤¥m(ip©uskp©cNI^k (¥cd~°
z xWV&!@"Ù V ÙVUWÕ< Ñ >u/V&
^`_(cc¨o¦p'z(¤(i'uscNz(uscNiscpºp©_cuscijm(¥¤p?v~Í(~m(u©kÛp©vnCvnËp©_(cipkpscµ{ÉbÆkn_(ckÛÑp©cu?kijp©cNz°PÌ!_c[k
p©uskn(ij¤p©¤v~^ZB$ Ã607
7¨Ã8:9`7 |^}7,jW72B "! 'pk¶ncic-RcNNp®p©_(cirLijp©cNb knujcÆismz(zSvnisc1p©vcp©cNu¤p©i
bknpkus~cµpYÃ8:9n®k(ijb%¥knus¥¦r~®x£cW_kl³~c }@m(up©_(cNuV¤((¤lkpsv~ Yp©_(kpËp©_(cijrLip©cbb-mijpYcp©cNumjki