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Du mouvement Sourd aux bureaux de travail

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La nouvelle revue de l’adaptation et de la scolarisation - no 64 • 4e trimestre 2013

Du mouvement Sourd aux bureaux de travail

Sophie D

alle

-N

azébi

(Ph.D) Sociologue et anthropologue, Websourd-R&D

Sylvain K

erbourc

h

(Ph. D) Sociologue, associé au CEE et au CADIS-EHESS

Résumé : L’accès des sourds à l’emploi ainsi qu’à de bonnes conditions de travail est débattu en France en des termes techniques et juridiques, suite à la loi de 2005 sur le handicap. Si les revendications actuelles des professionnels sourds s’appuient sur ce nouveau cadre législatif, nous montrerons que ce sont des transformations plus anciennes qui permettent, concrètement, ces prises de parole et aspirations, et que celles-ci dépassent le cadre délimité par la loi. Nous mettrons en évidence que ce qui se joue concrètement pour les sourds au travail n’est rien de moins que la reconnaissance de leur statut de travailleurs capables et compétents, à travers celle de la Langue des signes française (LSF) comme langue de France, au-delà du seul espace scolaire. En cela, les débats portés par les sourds dans le monde du travail poursuivent le lent travail d’émancipation engagé il y a 30 ans à travers le mouvement Sourd dans le secteur de l’éducation. Ils rappellent que la LSF ne peut entrer dans un calcul gestionnaire ni être assimilée à une technique, la communication étant consubstantielle à l’activité de travail et rendant possibles confiance et coordination, participation à la vie collective, sentiment d’utilité sociale et émancipation personnelle.

Mots-clés : Aménagement raisonnable - Diversité - Émancipation - Langue des Signes - Participation - Salariés sourds.

From the deaf movement to the workplace

Summary: In the wake of the Law on Disability of 2005 the access of deaf persons to jobs as well as to good working conditions is being discussed in France in both legal and technical terms. Even though the current demands put forward by working deaf persons are based on this new legal framework, we will show that it is in fact earlier changes that in practice made it possible to express these outspoken positions and aspirations. In addition, we will show that they go further than the framework defined by law. We will explain that what is at stake concretely for deaf persons at the workplace is nothing less than the recognition of their status as able and competent workers through the recognition of French Sign Language (Langue des signes française - LSF) as a language of France, beyond the limits of educational institutions. It is thus that the discussions brought into the work world by the deaf are now pursuing the slow task of emancipation begun 30 years ago through the Deaf Movement in the educational sector. They remind us that French Sign Language cannot be merely a factor to be taken into account for managerial purposes, and cannot be considered as just a technique. Indeed, communication is inseparable from the activity of work. It makes for confidence and coordination, participation in the life of society, the feeling of social usefulness and personal emancipation.

Keyword: Deaf workers - Diversity - Empowerment - Participation - Reasonable accommodation - Sign Language.

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