Adaptation of caprinae husbandry in contrast environments during Bronze Age : osteological and stable isotope analysis in coastal versus mountain site

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Adaptation of caprinae husbandry in contrast environments during Bronze Age : osteological and stable isotope analysis in coastal versus mountain site

Juliette Knockaert, Marie Balasse, Albane Burens-Carozza, Laurent Carozza, Pierre Campmajo, Jean-Denis Vigne

To cite this version:

Juliette Knockaert, Marie Balasse, Albane Burens-Carozza, Laurent Carozza, Pierre Campmajo, et al.. Adaptation of caprinae husbandry in contrast environments during Bronze Age : osteological and stable isotope analysis in coastal versus mountain site. 21st annual meeting of the european association of archaeologists, Sep 2015, Glasgow, United Kingdom. �hal-03027490�

Adaptation of caprinae husbandry in contrast environments

during Bronze Age : osteological and stable isotope analysis in coastal versus mountain site

Juliette Knockaert

/ Marie Balasse

/ Albane Burens

/ Laurent Carozza

/ Pierre Campmajo

/ Jean-Denis Vigne

1MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, UMR 7209 Laboratoire d' Archéozoologie et d' Archéobotanique : Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements. 55, rue Bufffon - 75005 Paris2 [email protected]

2CNRS-Toulouse Mirail, UMR 5602, Laboratoire Géode «géographie de l’environnement». 5, Allée A. Machado - 31058 Toulouse

3CNRS- Toulouse Mirail, UMR5608, Laboratoire TRACES : Travaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés. 5, allée A. Machado - 31058 Toulouse

Archaeological contexts and herding strategies

Stable isotope results

0 1 2 3 4 5

corrected %

Caprinae NRd : 19

0-2 m 2-6 m 6m-1y 1-2 y 2-4 y 4-6 y > 6 y

Portal-Vielh

• On the seashore, at 25 m asl

• Late Bronze Age II and III (2760 ± 30 BP 810-670 cal BC )

• • Open field and enclosed during the last occupation (LBA IIIb) • NISP Caprinae : 20%

Mortality profiles

Tender meat

Milk and /or Wool ? Mortality profile indicates an exploitation of

all lifestock resources.

Absence of young animals could be a taphonomical bias.

Llo-Lladre

• Pyrénées-Orientales at 1630 m asl

• Middle/Late Bronze Age I (3070 ± 35 BP 1424-1261 cal BC)

• Open field on a rocky spur surrounded by hight mountains with Alpine grasslands

Tender meat

Milk and/or Wool ? Mortality profile indicates an exploitation of all lifestock resources.

Llo-Lladre

Portal-Vielh

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

-14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

-14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

-14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9

Type 1 : Portal-Vielh

δ

O & δ

C positive correlation

All individuals (N=4) show a signifi- cative positive correlation (R²>0,5)

between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values following the expected seasonal

variation of δ¹³C on local plants.

δ 13C δ 18 O

erj : enamel root junction -7

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

-14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

δ

δ

distance from erj (mm)

PVV Ovis 3 M3

Winter

Summer

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

-14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

δ

δ

distance from erj (mm)

LLo Ovis 11 M3

diversity...

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

-14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9

and

Several individuals (N= 4) show a negative correlation (R²<0,5)

between

δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values.

- δ

O values follow seasonnal cycle of temperature in both sites.

- δ

C values reflect consumption of C

plants from open area (around 11.8 ‰) without significant difference on mean values between both sites.

Conclusions and perspectives

Time

Caprinae isotopic history (δ

O and δ

C ) was investi- gated through enamel sequential sampling of lower second (N=2) and third (N=10) molars.

Enamel was treated for bioapatite extraction as descri- bed in Balasse et al. (2002) and analyses were performed in a Delta V Advantage IRMS interfaced to a Kiel IV device.

δ

O is linked to ingested water, so indirectly meteoric water. It records seasonnal variation of precipitation.

δ

C is linked to diet = C3 Plants on this area whose values maybe influenced by :

sequential sampling

Stable isotope method

The occidental Languedoc (Southeastern France) shows an important diversity of vegetal environments and relief (from the Mediterraenan seashore to the Pyrenees mountains).

It is a priviliged area to apprehend the question of pastoral mobility. The first indicators of pastoral activities in the Pyrenees mountains appear during early Neolithic and increase subtantially during Bronze Age. Zooarchaeological and isotopic analysis of caprinae tooth enamel from a mountain and a coastal Bronze Age sites allow to investigate the husbandry strategies and adaptations to moun- tains environments.

Canopy effect

increase δ

C

Altitudinal effect

Others individuals present an important diversity of profils (differents from type 1 and Type 2)

Winter

Summer

Acknowledgements : Juliette Knockaert has a doctoral fellowship from the Ministere de l’Enseignement Supérieure et de la Recherche.

Stable isotope analysis were performed at the SSMIM (Delta V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer interfaced with an automated cryogenic distillation system, Paris) with technical assistance of D. Fiorillo and financial support from the SERCAB project of « ATM Interactions Minéral - Vivant ».

We are very gratefull to Albane Burens, Delphine Bousquet, Laurent Bouby, Denis Cabrol, Christine Rendu, Marie-Pierre Ruas and all memberships of the PCR "La transition âge du Bronze – âge du Fer en Cerdagne. Origines des influences" for this collaborative project.

0 1 2 3

corrected %

0-2 m 2-6 m 6m-1y ^{1-2 y 2-4 y 4-6 y > 6 y}

Caprinae NRd : 140

Type 2 : Llo-Lladre

δ

O & δ

C negative correlation

SESSION AM6

• Mortality profiles reveal an exploitation of all livestock resources and no specific strategy to respond to mountain environment constraints of Llo.

• No evidence of canopy effect ( d13C values > -12.7 ‰).

• Two opposite isotopic profiles : Portal-Vielh (Coastal site) vs Llo (Mountain site) The difference could be linked to different husbandry stategies.

• Important variability of isotopic profiles among the individuals in Llo Diversity of husbandry strategies in mountain context ?

• NISP Caprinae : 47%

According to Vigne and Helmer, 2007 and Brochier, 2013

Mortality profiles

According to Vigne and Helmer, 2007 and Brochier, 2013

δ¹³C : -16.3‰

δ¹³C ~ -11.8‰