Periaqueductal efferents to dopamine and GABA neurons of the VTA

Lloyd and Murphy in the paper entitled “The Role of the Periaqueductal Gray in the Modulation of Pain in Males and Females: Is the Anatomy and Physiology Really That Different?”

Hub neurons are characterized by the following features (Bonifazi et al., 2009): (1) they possess high output functional connectivity; (2) their stimulation significantly

We used distinct visual stimuli to predict the magnitude of potential reward at P ⫽ 0.5 and found that the sustained activation of dopamine neurons increased with increasing reward

In the second scenario, if the animal simply adjusts its predictions based on a weighted average of past trials (with sufficiently high weight given to the most recent trials),

Here we report (1) a systematic proteomic study of the CSF with a thorough characterization of the synaptic composition (discovery), (2) development of Tier 2 SRM assays for a set

The auROC profile for the motor events of Cluster 5 (lick, speed, and acceleration peaks) are sampled from the entire session without distin- guishing when mice are performing the

Periaqueductal gray afferents synapse onto dopamine and GABA neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area.. Zhuang X, Masson J, Gingrich JA, Rayport S,

Dopamine Neurons Change the Type of Excitability in Response to Stimuli.. As in the previous figure, the transition to quiescence occurs as the combined conductance of the