Survey of basements in Aklavik

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Survey of basements in Aklavik

Dickens, H. B.

NATIONAL RESEARCH C O U N C I L CANADA

D I V I S I O N O F B U I L D I N G RESEARCH

A SURVEY O F BASEMENTS I N AKLAVIK

by H. B r i a n 'Dickena R e p o r t N o o

1&

o f t h e D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h O t t a w a February,

1957

An i m p o r t a n t f e a t u r e o f t h e work o f t h e D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h b u i l d i n g i n t h e North i s t h e s t u d y of p e r m a f r o s t and i t s e f f e c t upon c o n s t r u c t i o n , I n r e c e n t y e a r s much of t h e D i v i s i o n l s work i n t h i s f i e l d h a s been c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e v i c i n i t y of Aklavik w i t h t h e o b j e c t o f

p r o v i d i n g a s s i s t a n c e t o t h e Department o f N o r t h e r n A f f a i r s and N a t i o n a l Resources i n t h e t e c h n i c a l problems a r i s i n g from t h e proposed r e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s A r c t i c community,

One of

the

problema under c o n s i d e r a t i o n i s t h e f e a s i b i l i t y o f c o n s t r u c t i n g basements a t t h e new s i t e o f

A k l a v i k , T e c h n i c a l l y t h e r e a p p e a r t o be many d i f f i c u l t i e s i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of basements t h a t w i l l perform w e l l i n p e r m a f r o s t a r e a s where t h e s o i l i s s u b j e c t t o s e t t l e m e n t on thawing, These t e c h n i c a l d i f f i c u l t i e s t e n d t o make t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of basements uneconomicalo I n p r a c t i c e , r e l a t i v e l y few basements have been

b u i l t i n s u c h a r e a s and t h e r e i s v i r t u a l l y no p u b l i s h e d m a t e r i a l on t h e performance o f basements i n p e r m a f r o s t ,

T h i s s u r v e y was t h e r e f o r e i n i t i a t e d , a t t h e r e q u e s t of t h e Department of N o r t h e r n A f f a i r s and N a t i o n a l Resources, t o p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i on on t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n and performance o f t h e few basements t h a t had been b u i l t i n t h e o r i g i n a l town of Aklavik, The d a t a o b t a i n e d a r e c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s r e p o r t ,

The s t u d y i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e performance o f n e a r l y a l l basements a t Aklavik l e f t much t o be d e s i r e d and c o n f i r m e d t h e need f o r s p e c i a l c o n s t r u c t i o n f e a t u r e s i f t h e performance p r o b l e m o f basements i h pelhmafrost a r e t o be overcome, D e t a i l e d c o s t

a n a l y s e s were n o t made but t h e r e i s e v e r y i n d i c a t i o n t h a t t h e c o s t of basement c o n s t r u c t i o n t h a t would p e r f o r m w e l l would be v e r y h i g h

-

s o h i g h , i n f a c t , t h a t i t w i l l u s u a l l y prove more economical and c e r t a i n l y l e s s troublesome t o a v o i d basements a l t o g e t h e r a n d t o p r o v i d e e q u i v a l e n t e n c l o s e d s p a c e above g r a d e ,

Ottawa,

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

Page

Part

A

-

General Record of Survey

Survey Purpose and Procedure

O . . o O O O O . O . O O O O O O O O O O O

1

The Area

O O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 2

The Soil

o o e o e o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

2

Part

B

-

Detailed Record of Survey

Tabulated Summary of Basement Survey

o . o .

kg

5

Detailed Descriptions of Representative

Basements

O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O o o o o o o O o

6

R s C o

Mission Kost House (Temporary School)

o...,o

6

R o c o

Mission School

o O O . O O O O O O O O O O a O O o O O O O O O O O O O O

9

RoCo Mission Hospital

0 0 . . D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P 2

R O C o

Mission House

0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

HoBdCo Managerrs Residence

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7

D O N O D O - R o C o C o S o

1

1/2 Storey Dwelling

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 0

R o C o M o P o

InspoctorPs Residence

O O O O o O O O

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 ~

N o A o

and NOR Sub-District Administratorp

s

R

e

s

i

d

e

n

~

e

'

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

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~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

2

8

Anglican Mission School

a 0 o O o O O O 0 0 O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 3 2

D O N O D O - R o C o N o

commanding Off

icerl s

Residence

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 6

Part,

C

-

Summary of Findings

The Basements i n

A k l a v i k

..

O O o O 0 0 0 0 0O O O o O

038

Comments on Basement Construction in

A SURVEY OF

BASEMENTS

I N AKLAVIK

H o

B r i a n Dickens

I n September

1954,

t h e w r i t e r made a g e D e r a l s u r v e y of t h e b u i l d i n g s a t Aklavik i n o r d e r t o o b t a i n i n f o r m a t i o n which would a s s i s t i n t h e p l a n n i n g of t h e proposed move o f t h i s A r c t f e communfty. The r e s u l t s of t h a t s u r v e y were r e p o r t e d i n S p e c i a l Report Noo

17

(SPX 1 7 ) of t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h d a t e d November

195k0

To a s s i s t f u r t h e r w i t h t h e proposed move, t h e w r i t e r r e v i s i t e d Aklavik i n August

1956

and made a d e t a i l e d f i e l d

survey of t h e c o n d i t i o n of t h e basements i n t h a t p e r m a f r o s t a r e a , The r e s u l t s of t h i s s t u d y have been r e c o r d e d i n t h i s

r e p o r t i n t h r e e p a r t s . P a r t A p r o v i d e s a g e n e r a l r e c o r d of t h e s u r v e y and i t s purpose, and i n c l u d e s a s t a t e m e n t on t h e s u r v e y p r o c e d u r e , t o g e t h e r w i t h a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e a r e a and t h e s o i l o A d e t a i l e d r e c o r d of the r e s u l t s of t h e survey i s g i v e n i n P a r t

B, i n t h e form of a t a b u l a t e d summary of t h e basements surveyed, f o l l o w e d by a d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n , ( w i t h s k e t c h e s and p h o t o g r a p h s ) , of t h e h i s t o r y , c o n s t r u c t i o n , and c o n d i t i o n of t e n basements t h a t a r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e t y p e s of basements i n AklavPk, P a r t C

c o n t a i n s a summary of t h e f i n d i n g s o f t h e s u r v e y and c o n c l u d e s w i t h some g e n e r a l comments on t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of basements i n p e r m a f r o s t ,

PART

A

GENERAL

RECORD OF

SURVEY

-

Survey Purpose and Procedure

T h i s s u r v e y was d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e f i e l d d a t a on t h e performance of basements i n a p e r m a f r o s t a r e a and f i r s t - h a n d

i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n and c o n d i t i o n of basements

i n

u s e a t the p r e s e n t s i t e of Aklavik,

For t h e purpose of t h e survey a basement h a s been

d e f i n e d a s any e x c a v a t e d a r e a , r e g a r d l e s s o f s i z e , c o n s t r u c t i o n , o r c o n d i t i o n , t h a t i s i n use b e n e a t h a b u i l d i n g f o r s t o r a g e o r one of t h e o t h e r f u n c t i o n s n o r m a l l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a basement

s p a c e . There a r e s e v e n t e e n basements i n Aklavfk; e a c h was examined and t h e i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d h a s been r e c o r d e d i n summary form i n t h e t a b l ~ on pages

4

and

5

of t h i s r e p o r t ,

Ten of t h e s e basements, r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e major t y p e s of basement c o n s t r u c t i o n a t !Bklavfk, have been d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l . ,

The i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d , which

is

r e c o r d e d

i n

t h f a r e p o r t , i s based on v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n s and t a l k s which t h e m i t e r had w i t h t h e l o c a l r e s f d e n t s d u r f n g t h e f o m - d a y s u r v e y , ~ u g u s t 2 1 t o 24,

1956,

The Area

The town o f A k l a v i k , l a t i t u d e

6 8 O

120N, l o n g i t u d e

13S0 OOPW i s l o c a t e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y half-way down t h e M8ckenzfe R i v e r D e l t a on a w e s t e r n c h a n n e l of t h e r i v e r , The Mackenzfe

D e l t a , a b o u t 100 m i l e s l o n g and 50 m f l e s wide, i s d f a t i n g u f s h e d by low, f l a t topography, and i s i n t e r l a c e d a n d d i s s e c t e d by numerous l e s s e r c h a n n e l s and s p o t t e d w i t h t h o u s a n d s of s t a g n a n t

l a k e s

The s e t t l e m e n t o f Aklavik, 120 m f l e s n o r t h o f t h e A r c t f e C i r c l e and 4 0 m i l e s s o u t h of the A r c t i e Ocean, i s c h i e f l y a

c e n t r e f o r f u r t r a d i n g , government a d r n i n i s t ~ a t i o n , and mfssionapy a c t i v i t i e s , It h a s a permanent p o p u l a t i o n o f about f o u r hundred, t h a t i n c r e a s e s t o n e a r l y f i f t e e n hundred when Eskimos and I n d f a n s move f n from t h e s u r r o u n d i n g d e l t a d u r i n g t h e summer months,

I t s c l i m a t e 1 s c o n t i n e n t a l

,

The mean a n n u a l t e m p e r a t u r e

i s 1S0Fo w i t h a J u l y mean of

5 6 O ~ ,

The mean a n n u a l r a f n f a l l i s

4

i n c h e s and s n o w f a l l i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y

5

f e e t , Wfnter b e g f n s fw

l a t e September and l a s t s f o r a l e a s t seven months, S i x t y - s i x days o f t h e y e a r o n l y , a r e n o m a l l y f r e e fpom f r o s t , The S o i l The s o i l a t Aklavik i s t y p i c a l of d e l t a f c d e p o s i t s , T e s t s c a r r i e d o u t by t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h i n

1953

i n d f c a t e t h a t t h e s o f l t o a d e p t h o f

35'

f e e t

is

p r e d o m i n a n t l y s i l t w i t h l a y e r s of f i n e sand and o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l w i t h o u t

a

t r a c e of c o a r s e r p a r t f c l e s o s 2 The o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l r a n g e s from b l a c k , h a i r l i n e s t r e a k s t o s t r a t a 2 f e e t t h f c k and f s composed o f a m i x t u r e of decomposed and p a r t l y decomposed o r g a n i c m a t t e r o The m o f s t u r e c o n t e n t of t h e s o i l o c c u r s mainly a s i c e and i s h i g h , r a n g i n g between 50 and

85

p e r c e n t by volume, It v a r i e s I f n e a r l y

3 " ~ m a f ~ o s t i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a t Aklavfk ( d r f l l f n g a n d sampling)

19539

by J o A o P i h l a i n e n and

G o H o

J o h n s t o n , NRC Notb

33939

January

195'4,

47 P O

w i t h d e p t h f o r t h e f i r s t 1 0 f e e t b u t below t h i s t h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t remains g e n e r a l l y c o n s t a n t , I c e s e g r e g a t f on i n t h e A k l a v i k s o i l s c o n s i s t s m a i n l y of h o r i z o n t a l i c e l e n s e s from h a i r l i n e t o

3/4

i n c h t h i c k w i t h some s m a l l random v e r t i c a l l e e f o r m a t i o n s , The ground i s p e r m a n e n t l y f r o z e n t o a d e p t h of s e v e r a l hundred f e e t and o n l y t h e t o p few i n c h e s , known a s t h e a c t f v e l a y e r , a l t e r n a t e l y f r e e z e s and thaws w i t h t h e s e a s o n s , The d e p t h o f t h i s a c t i v e l a y e r v a r i e s w i t h t h e ground e o v e ~ , I n a r e a s where t h e o r i g i n a l v e g e t a t i v e c o v e r h a s n o t been d i s t u r b e d t h e d e p t h o f t h e a c t i v e l a y e r a v e r a g e s

18

i n c h e s , Under r o a d s and o t h e r c l e a r e d a r e a s the a c t i v e l a y e r may be

4

f e e t o r mom d e e p , Under some b u i l d i n g s which have been i n u s e f o r many y e a r s t h e p e r m a f r o s t h a s r e c e d e d t o d e p t h s up t o 1 0 f e e t ,

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Notes:

1. Lot numberr. a r e b a s e d on t h e Department of' rpines' and Resources' p l a n d a t e d Ottawa, 19 May 1947. 2. Page numbers r e f e r t o pages of t h i s r e p o r t on which d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s of t h e - b a s e m e n t s

a r e g i v e n .

.

T h i s b u i l d i n g was o r i g i n a l l y b u i l t i n 1936 but, was r e b u i l t i n 1948 a f t e r a f i r e .

.

T h i s b u i l d i n g 'was b u i l t i n 1935 by t h e HudSon~S 13ay Co. b u t was s o l d t o t h e R.C.N. and moved t o i t s o r e s e n t l o c a t i o n i n

1953.

P e r s o n s C o n t a c t e d I!r.?eeman klr.Purton hlr .C o o p e r Archdeacon Webster Mr

.

V ' i 11 i a M r .Edwards 11

"

rt M r .V!ilklnson and M r .Cooey

-

(1) Lot hro. 1 3 27P 2 8 and 2

9

30 a nd 3 1 3 2 32 39 3 ~ s e m e n t D e t a i l s o f C o n s t r u c t i o n 1!;0od-lin~d w a l l s on p o s t s

-

wood lank

f l o o r o v e r wood s i l l s on t h e ground C o n v 6 n t i o n a l c o n c r e t e ba sement

-

10" w a l l s , f o o t i n g s and

4"

f l o o r Y a l l s o f r o u ~ h wood s l a b s p l a c e d v e r t i - c a l l y

-

f l o o r of wood p l a n k s o v e r e a r t h - c o n c r e t e s l a b under f u r n a c e l q a l l s l i n e d w i t h wood b o a r d s o f random w i d t h end some f i b r e b o a r d . !Vood p l a n k f l o o r s on wood s i l l s 18" above e a r t h l e v e l w i t h sawdust between

Viialls l i n ~ d w i t h wood b o a r d

-

8' wide wood p l a n k f l o o r on wood s i l l s ~ ~ a l l s of v e r t i c a l l o g s a t

41

t o 5'1 c e n t r e s l i n e d t o m i d - h e i g h t w i t h wood b o a r d s . U n f i n i s h e d f l o o r e x c e p t f o r wool p l a n k s l a i d on wood s i l l s t o s e r v e a s walkways 8" c o n c r e t e w a l l s . 8" c o n c r e t e f l o o r p l a c e d o v e r r o u g h wood f l o o r i n g on 2*x8* j o i s t s l a i d i n

4"

g r a v e l f i l l ( 2 ) p a g e No. 29 32 36 S i z e ( f e e t ) Year R u i l t 1932 1948 1938 1936 1935 1936 1935

(4)

. B u i l d i n g D e s c r i p t i o n NA and NR Dwelling N9 and NR Sub-9is tr i c t A d m i n i s t r n t o r l s Fie s i d e n c e A n g l i c a n h ' i s s i o n C a t h e d r a 1 A n g l i c a n P,Iission H o s p i t a l ~ n g l i c a n b l i s s i o n School P r i n c i p a l 1 s Residence a n g l i c a n M i s s i o n S c h o o l DND-RCN Commanding O f f i c e r ! s R e s i d e n c e Year E u i l t S i z e ( f e e t ) 30x33 23x76 25x76 56x80 22x28 73x130 21x30 Pegun 1932 e n l a r g e d t o T - s h a ~ e l a t e r f u l l - s i z e 10x25 30x30 12x14 1948 1938 1936 t o 1953 1935 begun 1936 e n l a r g e d l a t e r t o i n c l u d e 1/2 b l d g . a r e a f u l l - s i z e

-

1953

DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE BASEMENTS

-

I L o c a t i o n : Lot NO.

4

P e r s o n C o n t a c t e d : F a t h e r Biname

-

H i s t o r : The b u i l d i n g (271 x

64q),

of l o g c o n s t r u c t i o n on s u r f a c e d d a t i o n s , was b u i l t i n 1932 w i t h o u t a basement. The p r e s e n t basement (109

x

4 0 0 was dug i n 1953 t o p e r m i t i n s t a l l a t i o n o f a g r a v i t y - t y p e warm a i r f u r n a c e . P r e v i o u s l y , t h e b u i l d i n g had b e e n h e a t e d by s p a c e h e a t e r s on t h e f i r a t f l o o r l e v e l ,

Basement D e t a i l s : ( P i g . 2 ) , The f l o o r o f t h e basement 1s c o n c r e t e o The w a l l $ c o n s i s t of v e r t i c a l wood members a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y

3 - f o o t c e n t r e s l i n e d t o mid-height w i t h wood boapds. The f l o o r above i s s u p p o r t e d on l o g j o i s t s r e s t i n g on heavy t i m b e r beams and p o s t s ( F i g ,

3 )

D r a i n a g e - w a t e r c o l l e c t s I n a sump p i t i n t h e f l o o r and i s pumped o u t a t i n t e r v a l s wf t h a hand pump

f a s t e n e d t o t h e basement w a l l ,

C o n d i t i o n : The c o n c r e t e f l o o r i s b a d l y c r a c k e d and t h e r e i s ' e v i d e n c e of c o n s i d e r a b l e l e a k a g e i n t o t h e basement t h r o u g h t h e

f l o o r . A groove 1 1/2 i n c h e s wide and 1 i n c h deep h a s been c u t i n t o t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r presumably t o l e a d accumulated w a t e r t o tha sump. The wood w a l l s have been pushed-in s e v e ~ a l i n c h e s b y t h e p p e s s u r e of t h e e a r t h b e h i n d , A t a few l o c a t i o n s wood c ~ o s s b r a c e s have been p l a c e d t o keep t h e w a l l s o f t h e basement

i n p l a c e , The p o s t s s u p p o r t i n g t h e main beams have been shimmed up a s much a s

4

i n c h e s t o compensate f o r s e t t l e m e n t t h a t h a s o c c u r r e d ( F i g ,

3 ) ,

Remarks: The ground under t h e b u i l d i n g was s t i l l f r o z e n when t h e basement was dug i n 1953, The h e a t from t h e f u r n a c e h a s s i n c e

thawed t h e u n e x c a v a t e d ground around t h e basement, c a u s i n g s e t t l e m e n t and a g e n e r a l l y wet c o n d i t i o n .

T h i s basement i s s i m i l a r i n corn t r u c t i o n and c o n d i t i o n t o t h e basements under t h e R O C o M i s s i o n Log B u i l d i n g and t h e A n g l i c a n Mission C a t h e d r a l ,

Figure 1 R.C. Mission Kost House.

DBR INTERNAL REPORT

1 4

, E X T E R I O R WALL O F BLDG L O O C O N S T R U C T I O N B A S E M E N T WOOD P O S T S AT APPROX 3 ' C.C. WOOD S H E A T H I N G F L O O R

F I G U R E 2

B A S E M E N T S E C T I O N

Figure

3

Basement Construction.

R e C e

MISSION KOST HOUSE

R O C o

-

MISSION SCHOOL ( F i g .

4)

L o c a t i o n :

-

P e r s o n C o n t a c t e d : F a t h e r Biname

H i s t o r : T h i s frame b u i l d i n g ( 5 0 ,

x

1 3 2 , ) was b u i l t i n 1932. A t

--€Id

time a 30- by 8 0 - f o o t e x c a v a t i o n was made u n d e r t h e b u i l d i n g t o p r o v i d e s p a c e f o r warm a i r f u r n a c e s and s t o r a g e ,

The w a l l s o f t h i s e x c a v a t e d a r e a were l i n e d w i t h l o g s and the p o s t s s u p p o r t i n g t h e f l o o r c o n s t r u c t i o n above were c a r r i e d on l o g s l a i d t o form r a f t f o o t i n g s . C o n c r e t e was p l a c e d u n d e ~ t h e f u r n a c e s o n l y ,

The e x t e r i o r w a l l s o f the b u i l d i n g were s u p p o r t e d on s h o r t wood p o s t s which i n t u r n r e s t e d on s u r f a c e f o u n d a t i o n s o f

6-

and 8 - i n c h l o g s l a i d a s a pad

5

f e e t

i n

w i d t h , The p r e s e n t basement which e x t e n d s u n d e r t h e e n t i r e b u i l d i n g was c o n s t r u c t e d

i n two s e c t i o n s

-

t h e w e s t e r n s e c t i o n i n

1948,

and t h e e a s t e r n s e c t i o n i n

1949,

The b u i l d i n g i s now s u p p o r t e d on t h e c o n c r e t e basement w a l l ,

Basement D e t a i l s : ( F i g .

5 )

The f l o o r o f t h e basement i s 12 i n c h e s of u n r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e p l a c e d o v e r a r o c k f i l l o The c o n c r e t e w a l l s ,

8

i n c h e s a t t h e t o p and

16

i n c h e s a t t h e b a s e , a r e r e i n f o r c e d and a r e s u p p o r t e d on a c o n t i n u o u s c o n c r e t e

f o o t i n g , The f l o o r above i s c a r r i e d on 2- by l o - i n c h jof s t s ,

8-

by 8 - i n c h and 10- by 1 0 - i n c h wood beams, and p o s t s a t 1 2 - f o o t c e n t r e a ,

Sump p i t s i n t h e f l o o r , e q u i p p e d w i t h hand pumps, h a n d l e t h e d r a i n a g e , The m e c h a n i c a l equipment f n t h e basement i n c l u d e s warm a i r f u r n a c e s and w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k s o

C o n d i t f o n : The basement o f t h i s b u i l d i n g i s g e n e r a l l y i n good c o n d i t i o n , The c o n c r e t e f l o o r i s r o u g h i n a number of s p o t s a p p a r e n t l y due t o t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f a new c o n c r e t e t o p p i n g which was t o o t h i n and h a s been b r e a k i n g up and s c a l i n g o f f ,

There a r e a few c r a c k s i n t h e f l o o r b u t none a r e s e r i o u s , One c r a c k , a l o n g t h e middle t h i r d of t h e b u i l d i n g about

3

f e e t from t h e s o u t h w a l l , s u g g e s t s t h a t t h i s w a l l h a s undergone some s e t t l e m e n t and c a u s e d t h e f l o o r n e a r i t t o

t i l t

and c r a c k . Movement o f t h i s s o u t h w a l l i s r e f l e c t e d

i n

t h e

shimming which h a s been n e c e s s a r y u n d e r t h e f l o o r j o i s t s a t t h e i r p o i n t o f s u p p o r t on t h e w a l l . Minor shimming was a l s o n e c e s s a r y u n d e r beams a t t h e t o p of p o s t s , The basement was d r y , a l t h o u g h w a t e r s t o o d

i n

t h e sumps t o w i t h f n a few i n c h e s o f t h e f l o o r l e v e l .

Remarks: F a t h e r Riname r e p o r t e d t h a t f o r 3 e v e r 1 a l y e a r s a f t e r t h e b u i l d i n g w a s c o n s t r u c t e d t h e r e was c o n s i d e r a b l e s e e p a g e o f w a t e r i n t o t h e e x c a v a t e d s p a c e b e n e a t h t h e b u i l d i n g . I n i t i a l s e e p a g e i n t o t h e e x c a v a t e d a r e a was removed b y

a

s i p h o n ; l a t e r t h e i n c o m i n g w a t e r was c o n t r o l l e d by p u ~ p s . F a t h e r Biname a l s o s t a t e d t h a t t h i s s e e p a g e was accompanied by g e n e r a l s e t t l e m e n t o f t h e s o i l i n t h e a r e a b e n e a t h t h e b u i l d i n g w h i c h l e d t o c o n s i d e r a b l e movement o f t h e l o g s u r f a c e f o u n d a t i o n s and a c a v e - i n o f t h e l o g s l i n i n g t h e w a l l s of t h e e x c a v a t e d s p a c e . The b u i l d i n g h a d t o be r e - l e v e l l e d a t f r e q u e n t i n t e r v a l s d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d . - -

B I T U M I N O U S 2 " ~ 10" J O I S T S WATERPROOF1 N O WOOD B E A N R E I N F O R C E D CONCRETE WALL

F I G U R E

5

B A S E M E N T S E C T I O N

F i g u r e

6

Basement C o n s t r u c t i o n

R.C. M I S S I O N S C H O O L DBR I N T E R N A L R E P O R T

114

- -" --- - - - -- - .

R c C a WISSION

-

EOSPITAL ( ~ i g .

7 )

L o c a t i o n : ~ o t N O .

8

P e r s o n C o n t a c t e d : F a t h e r Binama

-

R i s t o r y : T h f ? f r a m e b u f l d i n g

(351

x

8 0 1 ) was

built

i n 1 9 2 5 to

-

_{s e r v e a s a s c h o ~ S , When t h e p r e s e n t s c h o o l was o u i l t i z z 1932} t h i s r u i l d i n g became a h o s p i t a l , The o r i g i n a l b a s e m e n t w a s a 20- by 2 0 - f o o t ?lkcavar;ion b e n e a t h t h e b u i l d f ~ g t o p r o v i d e

s p a c e f o r two ~fl:~rni a i r f u r n a c e s , The w a l l 3 of" t h i s e x c a v a t e d a r s a l i k e t h o q e i n the s c h o o l , were l i n e d w i t h l o g s a n d t h e f l o o r was c o n c r e t e o n l y u n d e r t h e f u r n a c e s , The b u i l d i n g i t g e l f was s u ~ l o r t e d on s u r f a c e f o u n d a t i o n s o f p o s t s cn l o g p a d s ,

The 5 a s e m e n t was e n l a r g e d i n 1950 l , o 5riclude t h e a r e a

u n d e r t h e w'r~ole 1)uf l d i r , g

Pasement D e t a i l s : : ( F f g ,

8)+

The e x i s t i n g b a s e m e r ~ t h a s t h o same f l o o l a c o n s t r - d c i - i o n a. t h ~ s c h o o l

-

1 2 i n c h e s of c o n c ~ e t e

on

r o c k f3 11, The w a l l s , however, a r e

6-

by 6 - i n i h kinbela3 l a i d v e ~ % i c a l l ; ~ , c a u l k e d , and f i n i s h e d on t h e o u t s i d e w i t h t a p p a p e r ' , s h i p l a p and p i t c h , T h e r e i s m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p ~ i e n t i n t h e b a s e - ~ n e r - t i n c l ~ ~ d i n g two warm a i r f u r m a c e s and a b o i l e r , P a r t of t h e basement h a s b e e n p a r t i t i o n e d o f f a s l i v i n g q u a r t e r s ,

C o n d i t i o n :

The

g e n e r a l c o n d f t f o n o f t h i s basemerdt I s t h e same a s

-

t k a S o f t h e s c h o o l , It w a s r e a s o n a b l y dry vvhijn exaniir,ed, F a t h e y Slname r e p o r t e d t h a t wazer was n o l o n g e r a p r o b l e m ar,d t h e s u b s u r f a c e d r a i n a g e i s b e i n g h a n d l e d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y by the

surnp pump

Remarks:: Ivhen c o n s t ~ u c t f on o f t h e p r e s e n t b a s e m e n t was s t a r t e d In

=

~t w a g f o u n d t h a t t h e p e r m a f r o s t u n d e r t h e b u f l d i n g had

x i c e d e d t o a c o n s i d o r a b l e d e p t h , O b s e r v a t i o n s t a k e n a t t h a t t i m e a n d r e ? o r t , e d l i ? t h e f i e l d n o t e s of

D e R B R b

s t a f f members

i n d l c a t e t h a t t h e p e r m a f r o s t h a d ~ e c e d e d t o a d e p t h of more

Figure

7

R.C.

Mission Hospital

2 " ~ 10" JOISTS

rC

6 " X 6 " WOOD POSTS PLACED SlDE BY SlDE AND CAULKED

SHIPLAP SHEATHING

12" REINFORCED CONCRETE FL.

ROCK FILL

FIGURE 8

BASEMENT

SECTION

Figure

9

View of Hospital basement taken on August 11, 1950 during construction showing

6-

by 6-111, post w a l l s

Figure 10 View of Hospital basement taken on Auguat 11 1950 during construction showing complete s e c t ion of wa 11 with tarpaper, wood sheathing and p i t c h applied over the

6 -

by

6-in,

poats

R O C MISSION HOSPITAL

R O C o MISSION HOUSE ( ~ i g , 1 1 ) L o c a t i o n : L o t No.

9

P e r s o n C o n t a c t e d : F a t h e r Biname H i s t o r T h i s f r a m e b u i l d i n g ( 3 0 '

x

) and t h e e x i s t i n g b a s e - + ' a r e a (151

x

3 0 ' ) w e r e c o n s t r r ~ c t e d i n

1941s

The b u i l d i n g i t s e l f i s s u p p o r t e d o n

0-

by e - i n c h wood p o s t s , w h i c h w e r e p l a c e d on mud s i l l s i n A t r e n c h

3

f e e t d e e p , The t r e n c h was b a c k f i l l e d w i t h s a w d u s t a s i n s u l a t i o n , Basement D e t a i l s : ( F I g a 1 2 ) The f l o o r o f t h e b a s e n e n t i s r e p o r t e d

-

t o b e of & - i n c h t h i c k c o n c r e t e , Under t h e f u r n a c e a t h i c k e r c o n c r e t e p a d h a s b e e n u s e d . The w a l l s a r e 2- b y 4 - i n c h s t u d s l i n e d w i t h 1- by 6 - i n c h h o a r d s on t h e i n s i d e t o a h e i g h t o f

4

1/2 f e e t . Sawdust h a s b e e n p l a c e d b e t w e e n t h e e x t e r l o r f o u n d a t i o n

anti t h e b a s e m e n t w a l l , The c e n t r e 1 0 - by 10- ;rich beam is s u p p o r t e d i n t h e b a s e ~ e ~ t a r e a b y one p o s t

.,

A

sump p i t j n t h e f l o o r i s

>urnped o u t a t i n t o r v a l s w i t h a h a n d pump,,

C o n d i t i o n : The c o n c r e t e f l o o r was c o v e r e d w i t h a t h i n l a y e r o f d i r t a n d w d u s t ~ n d i t s c o n d i t i o n was n o t e a s i l y d e t e r m i n e d , P a r t s

of tile f l o o r t h a t were examined viere r o u g h l y f i n i s h e d a n d darnp, f n d i c ? t i n { , l e a k a g e o r o v e r f l o w rroni t h e sump, which was f u l l a n d n e e d z d pumping,

The

l u a l l s w h i c h w e r e n o t l o a d - b e a r i n & h a d p u s h e d - i ~

slightly d m t o 2 r e : : s u r e o f t h e e a r t h b e h i n d ,

A

3

1 / 4 - i n c h s h i n h a s Leen p l a c e d a t . t h e t o p o f the ~ o s i i n t h e b a s e r e n t a r e a t o r a i s e ';h3 beam, Some rnovenlent of t h e p o s t s a t t h e p e r i ~ e t e r o f

t h e b u i l d i r ~ g o:! 9 u l s o 1 - e - ~ o r ~ t e d ,

R e m a r k s : N o t e s f r o 7 a n e a r l i e r s u r v e y o f t h i s b a s e , : . e n t i r d i c n c e t h a t X T ~ ~ C I t h e 3 o s 5 w h i c 1 su7:)i)rted t h e beam o v e r t h e h a s e l - e n t a r e a ,

h a d s e t t l e d 10 i n c h e s a n ? c r a c k e d t h e c o n c r e t e a r o u n d i t . To c s m p a n s a t e f o r t h i s ~ o v e n e n t , t h e 3 u i l d i n g h a d b e e n j a c k e d u p

Ir,

1 3 5 0 2nd a 1 0 - I n c h sSim ;slated on t o p o f t h e ? o u t , The a r e a o f c r a c k e d c o n c r e t e h a d e v i d e n t l y b e e n r e p l a c e d *

R e c o r d s i n d ! - c a t e t h a t t h e permafrost w a s 2 f e e t b e l o w t h e s u r f a c e a t t b e t i m e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n i n

1941,

Ey

1 9 5 0 t h e ? e r n i a f r o s t had r e c e M t o a d e p t h o f

3

t o

4

f e e t b e n e a t h t h e b u t l d i r g ,

Figure

11

R.C.

Mission House

FIGURE 12 BASEMENT SECTION

H 4 B 4 C . BL4FiAGEEIPS

RESIDENCE

( ~ i g ,

13)

L o c a t i o ; l :

--

Lot No. 1 2 P e r s o n C o n t a c t e d : M r .

H e

F i g g u r e s ( M a n a g e r ) H i s t o r . : The ? r e s e n t b u i l d i n g (30s

x

48s

) was c o n s t r u c t e d in

1 9 4 9 ~

d

a basement u n d e r t h e w e s t h a l f o f t h e b u i l d i n g .

This

b u i l d i n g r e p l a c e d a n e a r l i e r s t r u c t u r e t h a t had o c c u p i e d t h i s same a r e a s i n c e 1 9 2 8 , The f i r s t b u i l d i n g h a d a n e x c a v a t i o n u n d e r i7; a p p r o x i i n a t e l y o n e - h a l f t h e s i z e of t h e basenierlt of t h e p r e s e n t t u f l d i n g .

Baserrient D e t a i l s : ( ~ i ~ . & ) , The b a s e m e n t w a l l s a r e c : . ? s t r u c t e d o f $ - b y 4 - i n c h p o s t s a t 3 - f o o t c e n t r e s f i n i s h e d on t h e o u t s i d e w i t h 2- by 1 0 . - i n c h p l a n k s c o v e r e d w i t h r o o f i n g p a p e r . They a r e r e 9 o r t s d t o be c a r r i e d on a c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g 2 f e e t wide a n d 1 0 i n c h e s d e e p , The f l o o r , s a i d t o be 4 - l n c h t h i c k c o n c r e t e , i s l a i d o n R 4 - i n c h i n s u l a t i n g l a y e r o f sawdust The b a s e m e n t i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a n c i l - * f i r e d warm a i r f u r n a c e a n d

a

sump w i t h a u t o m a t i c p u q

.

C o n d i t S o n : The f l o o r o f t h i s basement showed a f e w m i n o r c r a c k s b u t

i t s g e n e p a l c o n d i t i o n was g o o d , T h e r e was some e v i d e n c e o f d a ~ p -

riess ( F i g a

1 6 ) ;

i t

was r e p o r t e d , t h a t e n o u g h l e a k a c e h a d occur.r*ed on a number of o c c a s i o n s t o n e c e s s i t a t e c a p e

i n

t h e s t o r a g e of

f o o d s c p p l i e s i n t h e basenlent, A g r o o v e , s e v e r a l feet i n length, had been c u t i n t o t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r b re sum ably t o ob-ba?.n b e t t e r

d ~ ~ i r ~ t b e - co t h e sump,

The wood w a l l s of t h e basenignt h a d p u s h e d - i n s 6 v a r a P i n c h e s due t,c e a r t h p r e s s u r e a n d f t h a d b e e n n e c e s s a r y t o e r e c t

6-

by 6 , - i n c h p o s t s b e h i n d t h e

4-

by /+-inch p o s t s t o b r a c e them against r n ~ v e m e n t , R e m a r k s E S'dppGr' 1 f t , The p o p t i o n o f t h e b u i l d i n g o v e ~ t h e u n e x c a v a t e d a r e a i s ' t e d c n 10- by 1 0 - i n c h c o n c r e t e p o s t s on 2

i't.

by 2 f t , by c o n c r e t e p a d s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 f e e t a p a r t . The t e n a n t s r e p o r t e d d i f f e r e n t i a l 1noverr.ent o f t h e s t l - u c t u r e above g r a d e , which r e s u l t e d i n d o o r s and windows s t i c k i n g and p a r t i t i o n s s e p a r a t i n g f r o m a d j a c e n t w a l l s a n d c e i l i n g s ,

F i g u r e

13

H.B.C. Manager' s R e s i d e n c e FIRST FLOO WOOD SIDING ROOFING PAP TO BRACE 4 " ~ 4 " POSTS AGAINST INWARD PRESSURE

LINSULATING

LAYER OF SAWDUST

FIGURE 14 BASEMENT SECTION

DBR INTERNAL FtEPO_R_T

l

a

Flgure 15

Be

aement Construction

Figure 16 Water on Basement Floor

HeB

e C MANAGER ('S RESIDENCE

DBR

INTERNAL

REPORT

114

- --*-- - .

L o c a t i o n r Lot No.

17

? e r s , o n s C o n t a c t e d : W a r r a n t O f f i c e r

I1

Dave A l l i s o n H i s t o r T : T h i ? f r a m e b u i l d i n g ( 2 2 ~ x 2 8 ~ ) and t h e e x i s t i n g p a r t i a l d m e n t (101

x

16f

) were c o m p l e t e d i n

191~8

8. The o u t e r w a l l s o f t h e b u i l d i n g a r e g u y p o r t e d on 10-. by 1 0 - i n c h mud s i l l s p l a c e d d i r e c t l y on t h e p o u n d s u r f a c e a r o u n d t h e p e r i m e t e r o f t h e b u i l d i n g . The f l o o r c o n s t r u c t i o n i s r a i s e d a few f e e t o f f t h e g r o u n d by s h o r t i n s u l a t e d s t u d w a l l s w h i c h a r e s h e a t h e d on t h e i n s i d e w i t h 1- by 6 - i n c h b o a r d s . Basement D e t a i l s : ( F i g ,

18).

The b a s e n e n t i s o f c o n c r e t e w i t h s t u b walls 10 i n c h e s t h i c k and

4

1/2 f e e t h i g h , and a f l o o r r e p o r t e d

t o b e 1 0 i n c h e s t h i c k .

The basement i s s e p a r a t e from t h e r e s t o f t h e b u i l d i n g e x c e p t f o r t h e s t r u c t w a l sup,clort a f f o r d e d t h e two

6-

by 6 - i n c h wood p o s t s u n d e r t h e main g i r d e r o The basement h a s a sump i n t h e

s o u t h e a s t c o r n e r , e q u i p p e d w i t h an a u t o m a t i c pump ~ n d a f o r c e d

warm

a i r o i l - f i r e d f u r n a c e .

C o n d i t i o n : The s t r u c t u r a l c o n d i t i o n o f

t

h a c o n c r e t e i n t h e b a s e n e n t

w a l l s and f l o o r i s s a t i s f a c t o r y , T h e r e a r e n o o b v i o u s c r a c k s ,

1 !he buf l d i n g i t s e l f , however, h a s b e e n s u b j e c t e d t o

considerable movement a n d t o c o m p e n s a t e f o r t k i 3 , t h r e e j a c k s h a v ~

beer, j..nstn i l e d i n t h e h a senlent i n t h e folloivirug l o c a t i o n s u n d e r

the

r!zair: ~ : . r d e r " ,

( a ) One lor,# j a c k on Lhe c o n c r e t e f l o o r b e t w e e n t h e two wood p o s t 3 s , ( b ) One s p o r t j a c k on t o p of t h e c o n c r e t e w a l l a t t h e e a s t e n d of

t h e b a s e m e n t ( F f g .

1 9 ) .

( c j One s 3 o r t j a c k 0 5 t h e s o i l between t h e c o n c r e t e w a l l a n d

the

e x t e r i o r wall a t t h e w e s t end o f t h e main g i r d e r ( ~ i g . 2 0 ) , The g r o u n d b e t w e e n t h e basement w a l l and t h e o u t e r w a l l h a s s e t t l e d a n d t h e r e i s e v i d e n c e of novement o f t h e mud s i l l s . Thf s i s p a r t i c u l a r l y n o t i c e a b l e a t t h e e a s t a n d west w a l l s o f t h e b u i l d i n g where t h e ~iiud s i l l s h a v e t w i s t e d i n , a l l o w i n g t h e w a l l s above t o s e t t l e a n d l e a n - i n a t t h e b o t t o m , There was no f r e e w a t e r i n t h e b a s e m e n t a t t h e t i m e o f t h e s u r v e y , k'ut a g r o o v e h a d been c u t i n t o t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r t o o b t a i n G e t t e r d r a i n a g e t o t h e sump.

R e r ~ a r k s : I t was r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f a l o n g j a c k b e t w e e n t h e two p o s t s i n t h e b a s e m e n t had b e e n n e c e s s a r y d u r i n g the f t r s t w i n t e r o f o p e r a t i o n . D u r i n g t h a t p e r i o d , t h e p o s t s s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e main g i r d e r due t o f r o s t h e a v i n g u n d e r t h e mud s i l l s or- s e t t l e m e n t of' t h e b a s e m e n t

s t r u c t u r e . 2 i f f e r e n t i a l rnoverlent o f the b u i l d i n g and t h e basement r e p o r t e d l y became more s e v e r e e a c h y e a r u n t i l i n

t h e autumn o f

1953,

i t was n e c e s s a r y t o p r o v i d e two a d d i t i o n a l j a c k s ( F i g .

18)

t o r a i s e t h e b u i l a i n g b a c k t o i t s o r i g i n a l l e v e l . I n AIarch

1954,

s e r i o u s l e a k a g e d e v e l o p e d t h r o u g h t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r a r o u n d o n e 01' t h e wood p o s t s ; t h e w a t e r e n t e r e d t h e ba sen,ent i n s p u r t s a s t h o u g h u n d e r p r e s s u r e

.

To remedy t h i s c o n d i t i o n , t h e f l o o r w a s r e b u i l t w i t h d r a i n t i l e u n d e r t h e f l o o r , l e a d i n g t o a sump.

Figure

17

D.N.D.-R.C.C.S. 1 1 / 2 S t o r e y D w e l l i n g

C O N C R E T E F L O O R

FIGURE

18

BASEMENT

SECTION

D.N.D.

-

R.C.C.S. 1

112

STOREY

DWELLING

F i g u r e

19

Jack

on Basement C o n c r e t e Wall

F i g u r e 20 Jack o n U n e x c a v a t e d Area

DON

.D

a - R o C a C

0s.

1 1/2

STOREY DWELLING

R o C o M 6 P o INSPECTORsS RESIDENCE ( F i g , 2 1 ) L o c a t i o n : ~ o t NO^ 26 P e r s o n s C o n t a c t e d : RoCOMoP, C o n s t a b l e H i s t o r : T h i s wood f r a m e b u i l d i n g ( 2 s "

x

2 8 ~ ) w i t h f u l l - s i z e c o n c r e t e

*merit

w a s b u i l t i n 1950. Basement D e t a f 1s: The b a s e m e n t u n d e r t h i s b u i l d i n g i s a c o n v e n t i o n a l one w i t h 1 0 - i n c h t h i c k c o n c r e t e w a l l s , c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g s , a n d a 6 - i n c h t h i c k c o n c r e t e f l o o r o T h e r e i s a 26- by 2 8 - i n c h w o o d - l i n e d surnp p i t i n t h e f l o o r e q u i p p e d w i t h a u t o m a t i c pump, An o i l - f i r e d warm a i r f u r n a c e a n d a c o n c r e t e w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k a r e a l s o l o c a t e d i n t h e b a s e m e n t e C o n d i t i o n : W a l l s

-

There a r e n o o b v i o u s c r a c k s i n

t

h e c o n c r e t e b a s e - ment w a l l s a p a r t f r o n a n a r r o w c r a c k a t l o c a t i o n (1)

i n

F i g o 22, w h i c h e x t e n d s d i a g o n a l l y u p t h e w a l l , T h e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e o f l e a k a g e t h r o u g h t h e w a l l i t s e l f b u t t h e r e i s a n e x t e n s i v e a r e a o f dampness a t l o c a t i o n ( 2 ) i n

Fig,

22 ( j u n c t i o n o f t h e f l o o r and t h e w a l l ) , where t h e w a l l i s damp t o a n a v e r a g e h e i g h t o f 1 f o o t i n t h e c o r n e r , The damp a r e a e x t e n d s u p t h e w a l l t o

a

h e i g h t o f 2 1/2 f e e t ( F i g , 2 3 ) , The c o n c r e t e i n t h z w a l l s i s honeycombed

i n

s e v e r a l p l a c e s , F l o o r

-

The c o n c r e t e f l o o r i s b a d l y c r a c k e d ( F i g , 2 2 ) 0 The c r a c k s v a r y i n l e n g t h b u t a v e r a g e b e t w e e n 1/32- a n d 1 / 1 6 - i n c h

In

w i d t h , A t l o c a t i o n

( 3 )

i n F i g o 22, c r a z i n g h a s o c c u r r e d o v e r a l a r g e a r e a ; t h e t o p 1/2- t o 3 / 4 - i n c h l a y e r of c o n c r e t e h a s begun t o s e p a r a t e f r o m ;,he b a s e c o n c r e t e a n d i s f l a k i n g o f f i n l a r g e p i e c e s ( F i g , 2 4 9 , W s t e r h a s a c c u m u l a t e d b e n e a t h t h i s s p a l l e d a r e a and b u b b l e s up t h r o u g h

t

h e c r a c k s when t h e c o n c r e t e i s w a l k e d on, A s i m i l a r c ~ n d i ~ ~ i o n i s d e v e l o p i n g a t l o c a t i o n ( 4 ) i n F i g 0 22; t h e t o p 1/2 i n c h of c o n c r e t e h a s begun t o s e p a r a t e frorn t h e b a s e and f r e e w a t e r h a s a c c u m u l a t e d u n d e r i t e

The f l o o r i s g e n e r a l l y damp,

eitted9

and r o u g h o Two s m a l l p o o l s . o f f r e e w a t e r a b o u t

1/8-

t o 1/ - i n c h d e e p were n o t i c e d where

t h e f l o o r was n o t p r o p e r l y g r a d e d t o d r a i n t o t h e sump* C o n s i d e r a b l e l e a k a g e i n t o t he basement

,

p a r t i c u l a r l y t h r o u g h

t

h e j u n c t i o n o f t h e f l o o r and w a l l , W'I i c h o f t e n r e s u l t e d i n f r e e w a t e r c o v e r i n g t h e

whole a r e a , was r e p o r t e d , D r a i n a g e t o t h e sump was p o o r a n d g r o o v e s had b e e n c u t i n t o t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r t o improve t h i s s i t u a t l o n ,

Remarks: A f i e l d s u r v e y i n

1950

d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h i s --=ding, i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e s o i l w a s p r i m a r i l y

s i l t

w i t h

a

6 - i n c h l a y e r of g r e y c l a y a b o u t

4

1/2 f e e t f r o m t h e s u r f a c e , P e r m a f r o s t was e n c o u n t e r e d a t 2 1/2 f e e t and m a s s i v e i c e was f o u n d a t t h e n o r t h w e s t c o r n e r of t h e e x c a v a t i o n a t

a

d e p t h

Figure

2 1 R.C .M.P

Inspector'

s Residence

CONCRETE

,

10" CONCRETE CRACKS IN FL

SECTION A-A

FIGURE

22

BASEMENT

PLAN

WATER

-SUMP PIT

F i g u r e

23

Leakage a t J u n c t i o n of Basement Wall and

F l o o r ( l o c a t i o n

( 2 )

on

basement

p l a n , Fig. 22)

F i g u r e 24 S e c t i o n of C o n c r e t e Basement F l o o r ( l o c a t i o n

( 3 )

on basement p l a n , Fig. 22)

R.C

.M.PO

INSPECTOR'S RESIDENCE

DBR

INTERNAL REPORT

114

NORTIiERN

AFFAIRS AND

NATIONAL

RESOURCES

-

SUB-DISTRIC

T ADMINISTRATOR'S

RESIDENCE (Fig,

2 5 )

L o c a t f on: P e r s c n s C o n t a c t e d : Nr. B u r t o n , S u b - D i s t r i c t A d m i n i s t r a t o r , NA a n d

NR,

Mr,

J d

Cooper,, NA a n d NR : Thf s t w o - s t o r e y f r a m e b u i l d i n g ( 2 3 0 x 2 6 1 ) was b u i l t i n w i t h a f u l l - s i z e c o n v e n t i o n a l c o n c r e t e b a s k m e n t , Basement D e t a i l s : T h i s i s a c o n v e n t i o n a l c o n c r e t e b a s e m e n t w i t h 1 0 - I n c h t h i c k w a l l s , The f o o t i n g s a r e r e p o p t e d t o b e

18

i n c h e s wide a n d

8

i n c h e s d e e p , 2nd t h e T l o o r + ,! i n c h e s t h i c k , T h e r e a r e r e p o r t e d t o b e

8

i n c h e s of g r a v e l f i l l u n d e r t h e f l o o r b The b a s e m e n t i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a sump p i t a n d a u t o m a t i c pump, a c o n c r e t e w a t e p t a n k , a n d a n o i l - f i ~ e d warm a i r f u r n a c e ,

The c e n t r a l beam i s s u p p o r t e d on two r o u n d s t e e l c o l u m n s (Fig.,

27)*

C o n d P t f o n : W a l l s

-

The basement w a l l s , e s p e c i a l l y t h e n o r t h and e a s t w a l l s , a r e c r a c k e d i n a number of p l a c e s , P h o t o g r a p h s o f t y p i c a l c r a c k s t a k e n a t l o c a t i o n s (1) a n d ( 2 ) i n F i g d 26 a r e shown i n N g s ,

28,

2 9 a n d 3 0 , I n g e n e r a l , t h e c r a c k s a r e v e r t i c a l and r u n t h e f u l l h e i g h t o f t h e w a l l , Some d i a g o n a l c r a c k i n g h a s o c c u r r e d a t t h e j u n c t i o n o f a n o p e n i n g , s u c h a s a window o r d o o r o The c r a c k s r a n g e i n w i d t h f r o m

1/16

t o

5 / 8

i n c h and a r e o f v a r y i n g d e p t h s , The c r a c k a t l o c a t i o n ( 2 ) i s e s p e c i a l l y b a d a n d h a s p e n e t r a t e d t h ~ o u g h t h e w a l l ( F i g s , 2 9 a n d 3 0 ) , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e t w o e n d s o f t h e w a l l h a v e u n d e r g o n e s e t t l e m e n t , F l o o r

-

Some c r a c k i n g h a s o c c u r r e d i n t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r a t = i o n s ~ h o w n

in

F i g , 26, b u t t h e s e c r a c k s a p e n o t l a r g e a n d t h i s f l o o r i s i n b e t t e r c o n d i t i o n t h a n a r e m o s t o t h e r f l o o r s

i n

t h e a r e a ,

The basement w a s d r y when e x a m i n e d a n d t h e r e was no

e v i d e n c e o f l e a k a g e t h r o u g h t h e w a l l s o r f l o o r , I t was r e p o r t e d t h a t a l l q u b s u r f a c e w a t e r coilld be h a n d l e d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y by sump pump i n f 1 o o r

,

Figure

25

Sub-district A d m i n l s t r a t o r ~ s

Residence,

NA

and

NR

L

18"-1

1

CRUSHED ROCK SECTION A - A

FIGURE

2 6

BASEMENT

P L A N

DBR INTERNAL REPORT

114

Figure

Basement Construction

Figure 28 Crack I n East

Wall of Basement

( l o c a t i o n

(1)

on

basement plan,

~ g . 2 6 )

SUB-DISTRICT ADMINISTRATOR ' S RESIDENCE, N a A a

and

N a R c

Figure

30

Exterior view o f Wall Crack a t l o c a t i o n ( 2 ) on basement plan (upper p o r t i o n of crack) Figure 29 I n t e r i o r view of Wall Crack a t l o c a t i o n ( 2 ) on basement plan N . A . and N . R . SUB-DISTRICT A D M I N I S T R A T O R ' S R E S I D E N C E

DBR

INTERNAL

REPORT 114 -- --

A N G L I C A N ;a!ISSION S C H O O L ( F ~ E 0 3 1 )

P e r s o n s C o n t a c t e d : A r c h d e a c o n W e b s t e r , M r , J i m Edwards and

Mr, F r e d ;;l:illis, A n g l i c a n ? / ? i s s i o n s t a f f

H t s t o r ': T h i s wood fran:e s t r u c t u r e

(73s

x 1301 ) was b u i l t i n

1935

wl h o n l y a s m a l l 2 0 - f o o t s q u a r e e x c a v a t i o n b e n e a t h i t t o p r o v i d e

+

_{s p a c e f o r s t o r a g e , The e x t e r i o r w a l l s o f t h e b u i l d i n g a r e s u p p o r t e d} on

6-

by 1 0 - i n c h wood s i l l s r e s t i n g on 3 - f o o t h i g h wood p o s t s w i t h l o g p a d s 3 s f o o t i n g s on t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e ( F i g . 3 3 ) The e x c a v a t e d a r e a h a s b e e n g r a d u a l l y e n l a r g e d d u r i n g t h e y e a F s a n d

i t

nov: i n c l l i d e s t h e a r e a shown h a t c h e d i n F i g . 32, SasemenL D e t a i l s : The w a l l s o f t h e e x c a v a t e d a r e a a r e l i n e d w i t h b o a r d 2 up t o t h e h e i 7 h t of t h e e a ~ t h , These b o a r d s a r e f a s t e n e d

P

t o l o g p o s t s spaced. t o

5

f e e t a p a r t ( F i g .

3 6 ) 0

Much o f t h e a r e a

IF

u s e d f o r s t o r a s e of s u p p l j - e s and e q u i p m e n t , The e x p o s e d e a r t h f l o o r u n d e r t h e s e i t e m h a s been c o v e r e d . t v i t h l o g s and p l a n k s , The r e m a i n d e r o f t h e a r e a c o n s i s t s l a r g e l y o f walkways a n d h a s b e e n c o v e r e d w i t h p l a n k s l a i d o v e r wood s i l l s . Some o f t h e e a r t h r l o o r h a s b e e n l e f t tixposed,

The main beams s u p p o r t i n g t h e f i r s t f l o o r j o i s t s a r e

s u p , i * t e d i n t u r n b 3 lo[-; p o s t s rrilth wood 9 a d s a s f o o t i n g s ( ~ f g ,

j4)0

;keys i s a sump w i t h a u t o n s t ic pclinp i n t h e n o ~ t h e a s t

, ; z c t l o n o f t h e basement., When s w v e y e d , t h e w a t e r i n i t w a s a b o u t 1 f o o t h e l r v ~ the s u r r o u n d i n g f l o o r l e v e l , T h e r e a r e n o h e a t i n g k n i t s

Ic

t h e b a s e m e n t e C o n d i t i o n ; Dampness i s o b v i o u s i n t h i ? e ~ c a - a a t e c i a r e a ; t h e e x ~ o s e d e a r t h i s darnp t o t h e t o u c h a n d t h e wocd s i l l s s u p p o r t i n g t 3 e f l o o r p l a n k s s r e i n v a r y i n g s t a g e s of d e c a y , There a r e n e a r l y 1 0 0 l o g p o s t s s u p p o r t i n g t h e f i r s t f l o o r c c n s t r u c t i o n , many o f which h a v e h a d t o b e shinmed a t t h e t o p u n d e r t h e beamso One of t h e F r i s s i o n s t a f f r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e b u i l d i n g h a s had t o b e jackr.4-up e v e r y s p r i n g a n d a d d i t i o n a l

sh-im.-ing I n s t , a l l e d . I n some c a s e s , Lhe s h i m s i n d t c a t e s e t t l e m e n t of 1 0 t o 1 2 i r l c h e s

(Fig*

3 5 ) .

S e t t l e m e n t ; 1:as b e e n e s p e c i a l l y g e v e r e n e x t t o t h e w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k s . S e t t l e m e n t h a s a?.so o c c u r r e d on t h e e x t e r i o r o f t h e b u i l d i n g . I n o r d e r t o l e v e l t h e b u i l d i n g , s h i n s h a v e b e e n p l a c e d a t t h e t o p c f t h e p o s t s ( F i g .

33)

,

Remarks: I t was s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e wet c o n d l t i o n o f t h i s e x c a v a t e d a r e a h a s been a g g r a v a t e d by o v e r f l o w f r o m t h e w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k s ,

Figure 31

Anglican Mission School

EXTERIOR WALL OF BLDG WOOD SHEATHING ON L O G POSTS AT 4' T O 5' C T R WOOD WALKWAY SECTION A - A E X C A V A T E D A R E A U N E X C A V A T E D A R E A

FIGURE

32

BASEMENT

PLAN

DBR

INTERNAL

. .

REPORT

11b

Figure

33

S u r f a c e F o u n d a t i o n s under E x t e r i o r Wall o f B u i l d i n g ( showing unexcavated a r e a n e x t t o basement s p a c e )

F i g u r e

34

Basement P o s t s ANGLICAN VISSION SCHOOL

Figure

35

Shimnod P o s t s i n Basement

Figure

36

Basement Wa 11 Construction ( t y p i c a l o f p a r t i a l

basements)

DON OD . - R o c o N e

-

COMMANDING OFFICERs S RESIDENCE

L o c a t i o n : L o t No,

39

P e r s o n s C o n t a c t e d : M r . W i l k i n s o n ( O f f i c e r i n C h a r g e ) a n d

K r . Cooey

H i s t o r : T h i s wood frame b u i l d i n g (211

x

3 0 7 ) was b u i l t

i n

1935

y t h e f i u d s o n f s z a y Company. It was s o l d t o t h e Navy i n 1952

+

_{and i n}

₁₉₅₃

_{i t was ~ ~ o v e d t o i t s p r e s e n t l o c a t i o n a t t h e N a v e l}

S t a t i o n 2nd e r e c t e d o v e r a n e w l y c o n s t r u c t e d b a s e m e n t f o u n d a t i o n o Basement D e t a i l s : ( F i g . 3 7 ) . Some c o n s t r u c t i o n d e t a i l s of t h i s

basement were o b s c u r e b u t i t i s b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e basement was c o n s t r i i c t e d a s shown i n F i g o

37.

The f l o o r c o n s i s t s o f 2- b y & i n c h j o i s t s a t 1 6 - i n c h c e n t r e s p l a c e d on a 4 - i n c h t h i c k g r a v e l l a y e r c o v e r e d b y wood f l o o r i n g and

8

i n c h e s o f c o n c r e t e , The w e l l s a r e c o n c r e t e

8

i n c h e s t h i c k a t t h e t o p a n d a r e b e l i e v e d t o s l o p s t o a g r e a t e r t h i c k n e s s e t t h e b a s e ,

The two wood n o s t s s u p ~ o r t i n g ; t h e f i r s t f l o o r c o n s t r u c t i o n have b e e n c a r r i e d dovrn i n t o t h e p e r m a f r o s t t o

4

f e e t below t h e l e v e l o f the basement f l o o r , The p o s t s a r e s u p n o r t e d a t t h i s d e p t h on a r a p t f o o t i n g o f

8-

by 8 - i n c h l o g s ,

The c o n c r e t e i n t h e f l ~ o r and w a l l s o f t h e basement h a s b e e n reinforced w i t h b o t h w i r e mesh and s t e e l b a r s ,

The basement i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a n o l l - f i r e d warm a i r

f u r n a c e , a sump w i t h & l . ~ t o m a t i c pump, and a c o n c r e t e w a t e r s t o p a g e t a n k ,

C o n d i t i o n : No c r a c k s were s e e n i n t h e w a l l s a l t h o u g h o n e - h a l f t h e w a l l a r e a was h i d d e n b e h i n d s t o r e d c a r t o n s o f s u p p l i e s ,

The f l o o r was r o u g h l y f i n i s h e d and some c r a c k i n g had

o c c u r r e d b e t w e e n t h e t w o wood p o s t s and b e t w e e n one p o s t and t h e e x t e r i o r w a l l . T h e r e was e v i d e n c e o f f r e e w a t e r on t h e f l o o r ,

e i t h e r f r o m l e a k a g e o r o v e r f l o w of t h e w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k ( ~ i g .

3 8 ) ,

I t was r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e sump was s e l d o m d r y .

Remarks: 1,Vhen t h e e x c a v a t i o n w q s made f o r t h e b a s e m e n t , p e r m a f r o s t was foimd w i t h i n lf! i n c h e s o f t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e b