Book Chapter
Reference
Indigenous peoples and local communities' water rights, international law and water security
TIGNINO, Mara, et al.
TIGNINO, Mara, et al. Indigenous peoples and local communities' water rights, international law and water security. In: XVI World Water Congress. 2017.
Available at:
http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:101273
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Alexan Blanca UNESC Mona P Darlen Mara T Law, U
1. The Freshw to disa living in of adeq the lar access countri At the climate develo alters r water q time, f pressu and so Poor r Cisnero
1“The c quality fo protectio and drou
Indig
nder Otte, I a Jiménez-C
CO
Polacca, C e Sanders Tignino, Pla University o
Abstract In this p scientific, expression Indigenous Nations d predomina examines connection sustainabl and to con
water situ water challe sters such n areas wi quate qual rgest hum s to safe
es, have n same tim e change
pment mo rainfall pat quality and floods and re on wat ciety. (IPC ural popul os et al. 20
apacity of a or sustaining on of life and ughts.” (UNE
genous pe inte nternation Cisneros, Co-Secreta son, Assista
atform for I of Geneva
aper conv geograph ns of Indi s declarat evelopmen antly conce example ns betwee
e future o ntribute to m
uation affe enges, fro h as floods th high wa ity and qu an health
drinking w no access t me, water
and oth odel (growt tterns, soil d also caus d droughts
er resourc CC 2014)
lations are 013). While
population to g human and
property ag ESCO-IHP 20
eoples and ernational
al Hydrolo Secretary riat, Indige ant Profes Internation
verge per hical and
genous w tions, inter nt agenda entrating o es of en that ap
f clean an meeting th
ecting Ind m water s and droug ater securit
antity alon problems water, som to improve
resources er global th), urbani moisture, ses chang s are risin ces, with t
e most affe e Indigeno o safeguard a
ecosystem ainst water r 012; Jiménez
d local com law and w gical Prog of the Inte enous Wor sor, Schoo nal Water L
rspectives indigenou worldviews
rnational w a with reg
on parts o instrument ppear usef nd safe wa he Sustaina
igenous p carcity, po ghts, affec ty1 threats.
ng with the s globally.
me 2.5 b ed sanitatio
are unde drivers, zation and humidity, ges to unde
g in frequ remendou
ected by t ous people
access to ad health on a w related hazar
z-Cisneros e
mmunities water secu ramme, UN rnational H rld Forum o ol of Nursin Law/Genev
of autho s backgro
enshrined water law
ard to wa of the Ame ts, imple ful to colle ater for com
able Devel
peoples oor quality, ct some 80 . The lack
lack of sa More tha illion, ove on facilities er increasin
such as d land-use
glacier-ma erground w uency and
s impact o
the lack o s account dequate quan
watershed ba rds — floods et al. 2013)
s' water ri urity
NESCO Hydrologica
on Water a ng, Thomp va Water H
ors from d ounds. Sp d in intern and the ater securi
ericas, the ementation ectively cr ming gene opment Go
lack of sa
% of the w of access fe sanitatio an 600 mi
rwhelming s.
ngly sever the prev e changes.
ass balanc water sour d intensity, on the nat
of water se for about ntities of wat asis, and to e s, landslides,
ghts,
al Program and Peace son Rivers Hub, Facult
diverse panning national United ity and e paper n and
reate a erations
oals.
anitation fa world’s pop to drinking on remain
llion peop gly in dev
re pressur valent ec . Climate c ce and rive rces. At the , exerting tural enviro
ecurity (Jim 5% of the er of accepta ensure efficie land subside
mme,
s ty of
acilities, pulation g water among ple lack
eloping
re from onomic change er flow, e same further onment
ménez- world’s able
ent ence
popula approx traditio includin commu Sustain The 20 conside pledge will be consult explicit founde sustain stated manag Indigen also wi
2. Indig It is str attentio techno even if and wo great d rather t For ins the wo stream sacred the hea rivers a Among adequa countri Despite environ many p policy d From t People sugges Indigen have n
tion, estim ximately 15 ns have o ng its wat unity now nable Deve 030 Agend er Indigeno of the Un e left beh
tation proc t reference ed on prin
nability”, as (UNPFII gement of w
nous peop ith regard t
genous va riking that on in intern
-scientific f using Eng
orldviews diversity a than distan stance, am orld, Elders ms are the
mat that l alth of all p are polluted g the billio
ate sanita es, Indige e proven s nment, the policies an developme their role a es have va
st alternati nous peop ot been int
mated over 5% of the ften mainta ter, for th
seeks to elopment”.
da, its Su ous people ited Nation hind” (Uni cess for the es to Indig nciples of
s the UN 2016). S water and le are refe to the Goa
alues and the views national w and even glish as a w
may differ and describ nt observat mong many s have sh arteries a inks all of people, pla d, and the ns of peop ation, man enous peo
sustainable e lived exp
d strategie ent and clim
as original luable insi ves to cu ples have
tegrated in
r 370 milli poor. Yet ained a su housands
reach by “
ustainable es among ns (UN) Ge ited Natio e 2030 Age
genous pe universalit Permanen SDG 6, a sanitation erred to in als’ implem
practices s of Indige water disco n financial widespread
from this bed often
tion or des y Indigeno hared that and veins
Life. Indige ants and an
Pacific Oc ple who liv ny are In
ples do no e cultural periences es for actio
mate chan l caretake ghts for su rrent wate
been usin n many loc
ion person , Indigeno ustainable
of years —
“Transform
Developm the vulner eneral Ass ons 2015) enda helpe eoples’ rig
ty, human nt Forum aims to e n for all (6
the SDGs entation.
s and hege nous peop urse. Inde
approach d means of discourse in a man scription.
us people Water ha of Mother enous peo nimals. Tod cean has a
ve without ndigenous
ot have a practices of Indigen on, the scie ge adaptat rs and gu ustainable er manage
ng sustain al, regiona
ns (UNPFI us people balance w
— a capa ming our w
ment Goals rable group sembly’s R ). Their p ed “designi hts and d n rights, e for Indige ensure av .b). Howev s as much
emonic int ples often eed, the lat
h. Languag f expressio e. Worldvie nner displa
s of the A as its own r Earth, an oples know day, most an ongoing t access to
commun ccess to s
that respe nous comm entific world tion strateg ardians of
water prac ment and nable prac al or interna
II no date s’ knowled with their liv
acity that world: the 2
s (SDG) a ps, include Resolution
participatio ing a frame developme equality an enous Issu
vailability ver, it may
as they sh
ternationa receive co tter is prim ge of Indi on and in a ews and p aying perso
Americas a n life force nd that the w that wate
of Mother leak of rad o clean dr
ities. Eve safe, clean ect and ho munities ar d is looked gies.
f Mother E ctices that governan ctices for s
ational pro
), they co dge system ving enviro
the intern 2030 Age
and relate ed in the re
70/1 “that n in the ework that nt concern nd environ ues (UNPF and sust y be questi hould have
al discours omparative marily drive igenous p academic c
erceptions onal involv
and other p e, that rive e oceans a
r is necess Earth’s lak dioactive w rinking wat en in dev n drinking onour the
re overloo d to for both
Earth, Indig could info ce system sanitation.
grammes
nstitute ms and onment,
national nda for
d texts epeated
no one global makes ns, […]
nmental FII) has
ainable ioned if e been,
se ely little en by a eoples, context, s are of vement
parts of ers and are the sary for kes and waste.
ter and veloped
water.
natural ked. In h water
genous orm and ms. E.g.
These as they
do not unknow and ma A grow are uni at the was is Indigen Peace interna Since t (Kyoto interna New Y agenci and Pe their fin Simulta commu of their
3. Cas global The is Engine In the constru without reques proces pipeline SRST’s their hu Basica Indigen calling rights o of inte particip quality An imp
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t receive wn or are a ay not refle wing comm
ifying to ad World Ind ssued to nous-led c (IWFWP) ational wate
then, there , Japan, 2 ational Indi York (2007
es concern eace. The nal report.
aneously to unity, Indig r rights.
es of reco contexts ssue Stand eers
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system’s digenous l imbalance Peoples Co s peoples e on water to increas .
en similar co City, 20 Declaration
2009 and water, to su
at of the 2
tempts to in oples strug
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er that affec digenous P
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cknowledg no-scientif value in its eaders fro e in human onference s to addre
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nfluence th ggled in ve
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ory in the through tr e decision ct Study th concerns ng the Mi e pipeline
me concern d (cf. sectio and their ng their rig would giv developm cting them Peoples pu
ement, be fic standard s specific c om across t nity’s relati on Educa ess water genous W eight of In
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ndigenous PFII include
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es water r T) vs. Un e federal ribal lands
-making p hat would a
and issues ssouri Riv corridor, a
n/issue co on 5.3 and water min ght to wate ve Indigen ents that .
ut forward
ecause the ds that are context.
the regions ionship wit ation in Hil issues b World Forum
ndigenous
and 5th W Turkey 200 re submitt nations’ st s-led World
ed this rec
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rights in n nited State governme , waters a process. S allow a form s regarding ver, and t as well as
onsistently d 5.4 below isters to fu er. The pra
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World Wate 09), in res ted at UN ates and d Forum on commenda
nternationa or the reco
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ent’s gran and cultura SRST has mal govern g the risks the protec other imp
raised by w) who hav ully recogn actical reco oples mea ve impact
e governm
remain biased
er Earth n 1999, , a call zing an
ter and on the
er Fora spective PFII in
all UN n Water
ation in
al water ognition
nd Corp of nting of al sites s been nmental s of the ction of pacts to
y many ve been nize the ognition aningful on the
ents to
recogn minimu People should cover develo UNDR 12, the culture practic which Article Indigen langua Sander a right develo to heal Preserv life and Bolivia Bolivia Perma recogn in the land (A Aotear and th Whang Agreem entity”.
people Indigen aforem and a r
4. Exis Throug sacred agricult interco trade-o produc The In relation have r
nize and re um standa es (UNDR
go beyon the amou pment of c IP also art e 147 sign
, spirituali e this cult leads to th 13 defines nous childr
ge is our rson). Artic
to full part p water po lth: the nee ving the pr d sound ba has includ
’s Preside nent Forum nized that t
world to re Article 71 oa (New Z his knowle ganui Iwi ment (2012 In many I , plants an nous wor mentioned d
right for he
sting claim ghout Indig . Besides ture, it is nnectedne offs betwe ction, and e ndigenous
nship that reserved w
spect the s ard reflecte IP) (UN 2 nd quantitie
unt of wa communitie iculates th natories re
ty and tha ture. Wate he right to s the right ren how to r law” (H.
cle 18 defin icipation in olicies that
ed for clea rerequisite asis for sus ded Indige ent Evo Mo
m on Indig he planet E ecognize t
of the E Zealand), h edge and and the 2) carried t
ndigenous nd animals rld views
documents er waters to
ms by Indig genous lan
being used used in ce ess of all lif een the u economic d
peoples o was esta water righ
standards ed in the 2007). Mor
es to be u ater that es and to e
e right to w ecognize t at free pri er is funda
fully partic ts to distin
care for w . Waikere nes the rig n decisions
t are guide an water to e for good h stainable d
nous peop orales call genous Iss Earth has the legal r Ecuadorian have asse
practice Crown, those decis s communi s with ever and th s, the Eart o be protec
genous pe nds and te
d for drinki eremonies
fe. Nearly se of wa developme of the Un
blished ea hts recogn
of free, pri UN Decla reover, the sed for dri
would be ensure the water and o
that Indige ior and in amental to cipate in a nct languag water, in the puru, 200 ht to decis s that affec ed by their
o have hea health will
evelopmen ples’ rights led for a U sues (2007
rights. In 2 rights of na n Constitu
rted that th is enshrin 2012). Th sions forth ties, Elder rything we
e sovere th has an cted and su
eoples an erritories of
ing, sanitat and in pr all Indigen ater for cu
ent.
ited State arly in the
ized by t
ior and info aration on
e recognit inkable pu e necessa welfare of other hum enous peo
formed co o Indigeno any decisio ge and ed
eir respect 01 persona sion-making ct their wate traditions.
althy tradit mean a he nt practice
in its Con UN Conve 7). Moreov 2008, Ecua ature — o ution). Riv he Whang ned by N he Bolivia h to state th
s teach tha need to s eign decis
inherent r ustainably
d internat f North Am
tion and fo rayer and nous tribal ultural, dri
s have a county’s he Congre
ormed con the Righ tion of the urposes an
ary to pro f their envir
an rights.
oples have onsent def ous people ons that af
ucation sy tive langua al commu g: Indigeno ers (as in A Article 24 tional food ealthy envi
.
stitution (In ention on W
ver, severa ador becam f its moun ers have ganui River
ew Zeala an Cocha hat “Mothe at Mother E ustain life.
sions exp right to be managed.
tional law merica, wa or tribal-ba
serves as communiti inking, ag
unique le history. I ess of the
nsent (FPIC hts of Indig eir right to nd basic ne omote ec ronment.
In Articles e a right t fines the r es spiritua ffect their w ystems tha age, becau unication w
ous people Article 11), 4 defines th
s and med ironment fo
nc. O.U.P.
Water at t al countrie me the first ntains, rive
rights: M r is a living
nd law (T bamba P er Earth is Earth prov According pressed
free of po .
ater is cons sed livesto s a symbol ies are fac griculture,
egal and p Indigenous e United
C), as a genous o water
eeds to onomic
11 and to their right to al lives, waters.
at teach use “our with D.
es have , and to he right dicines.
or all of
2009).
the UN es have t nation rs, and Maori in
g being Tutohu, Peoples’
a living vides all g to the in the ollution,
sidered ock and l of the ced with energy
political s tribes
States.
Indigen rights, Winters implied reserva At inte Indigen standa rights Indigen and 15 Inter-A respec Americ decent Inter-A consum are con togethe been v relation be dep approp under subject case, 2 Relying African on Hu Develo Welfare informa resourc concer Minorit behalf
5. Curr Indige 5.1 Co The law protect Conven (UN W Interna contain
nous Treat an issue s v. United dly reserve
ation.
ernational nous peop rd of living systems h nous group 51; African American h
ct. In its dec can Court
t existence American C mption, tog nsidered th er, led to t violated. S n to Article prived of th priate mea
their oblig t to their 2010, para g heavily o n Commiss uman and opment (Ke re Council
ation and p ces. The v rned Indige ty Rights D
of Endoroi
rent intern nous peo nventions w of trans tion of wa ntion on th Watercours
ational Law n provision
ties with th which the d States, ed water
level, it les live pro g and a d have gran ps. (Inter-A n Commiss human rig
cision Xák spoke of t e. In the c Court found gether with he basics the aforem Specifically e 1(1) of th heir life arb sures to p ation to en
jurisdiction . 187) on the juris
sion linked Peoples’
enya) and v. Kenya public part violation of enous com Developme is Welfare
national te ples wate s
boundary ater resour
he Law of ses Conve w Commiss ns that refe
e US gove U.S. Sup 207 U.S.
rights ne
has been ovides the dignified lif nted on se
American C sion on Hu
hts bodie kmok Kásek
the right to case of th d that the l h a lack of for protect mentioned j y, the Cou he America bitrarily (ne protect and nsure the n” (Xákmo
sprudence the land Rights.
Minority R case, the ticipation a f this right mmunity, an
ent (Kenya Council v.
exts and d r issues
water reso rces throu
the Non-N ention) – sion’s Draft er to huma
ernment typ preme Cou
564 (1908 ecessary
n recogniz water reso fe. The Int everal occ Court of H uman and s have re k Indigeno o use natu he Xákmok lack of acc f access to ting the rig
judgment’s urt stated an Conven egative obl d preserve full and fr ok Kásek
of the Inte and water In the la Rights Grou
African Co are means
includes th nd not hav
a) and Mi Kenya, 20 declaration
ources inc gh the len Navigationa entered in ft Articles o an needs. W
pically did urt address 8). The Co to meet
zed that t ources ind ter-Americ casion coll uman Righ
People’s endered im ous Commu
ural resour k Kásek In cess to wa
o food, he ght to a life
s conclusio that com tion, requi igation), bu e the right
ree exercis Indigenous
er-America r rights wit ndmark C up Internat ommission s for exerc he failure ing obtaine inority Rig 010, paras
ns particu
creasingly ns of hum al Uses of nto force on the Law
While thes
not specify sed in its ourt held t
the purpo
the enviro ispensable an and th lective rig hts 2001 p
Rights 20 mportant d unity v. Pa rces as pa ndigenous ater that w ealth, and
e with dign on that the mpliance “w res not on ut also tha to life (po se of the r s Commu
n human r h the 198 Centre for
tional on b n considere
ising the r to properly ed their co hts Group . 266-268)
larly relev
sees the m man needs
Internation in 2014 – w of Transb
se instrume
y the tribes 1908 deci hat tribal t ose of a
onment in e for an ad
e African hts protec para.140 (B
02, para.6 decisions araguay, th art of a rig Commun as apt for education nity and an e right to l with Article nly that no at States ad ositive oblig rights of al
nity v. Pa
rights syste 1 African C r Minority behalf of En
ed that acc right to use y consult w onsent (Ce p Internatio
).
vant to
manageme s. Both the nal Waterc
– and the boundary A ents do no
s’ water ision in treaties
tribe’s
which dequate human ction to
B), 149 63) The in this e Inter- ght to a nity, the human , which nalyzed
life had e 4, in person dopt all gation), ll those araguay em, the Charter Rights ndorois cess to e water with the ntre for onal on
ent and e 1997 courses
e 2008 Aquifers ot make
explicit Human aquifer and rea of notif for the The 19 uses o require on Wat needs”
immed water n this de as the not cov right to these c justice Water:
have a interna para.55 Waterc guaran The im interna accoun which Conven factors the UN manne needs”
whethe
“conse promot
“presen Article accoun factor t human reason The pro instrum
t reference n needs, in rs, are to b asonable u fication of
potentially 997 UN W of a water ements of v
ter Resour
”. In Article iate huma needed for
finition onl water req vered. Larg o water, red cases, the
and reme
“Any pers access to e ational leve
5). In this courses C ntee access mplementa ational wate
nt their spe might sign ntion.” (Lo which are N Waterco er, which in
” of the rip er future n rvation, m tion of the nt and futu
5 (2) of t nt vital hu to be cons n needs ar nable utiliza otection of ments. This
e to the hum n particula be taken in
use and the planned m y affected r atercourse course mu vital huma rces (Berlin e 3 (20), it i
n survival, r the imme y covers th uired for e ge energy ducing the e State ha edies. As sons or gr effective ju els” (Gene s context, Convention s to judicia ation of th
ercourse m ecial needs nificantly ha ures, Rieu e relevant ourses dem
nvolves th parian popu
eeds are managemen
e optimal ure generat
he 2008 D man need sidered in t re an inte ation.
f vital huma s is the c
man right t ar those o to conside e obligatio measures, riparian po es Conven ust be res an needs”.
n Rules) of s provided including ediate sust he require economic a
or mining quantity o as the obli noted in t roups who udicial or o eral Comm , it shoul n stating al or other m
he princip may affect
s. It has b arm huma u-Clarke &
to equitab mands that he taking i
ulations co covered, t nt and pro
and sust tions.”
Draft Articl ds, but wit the equita gral part o
an needs i case of the
to water, th f populatio eration in a
n not to ca human ne pulations ( ntion states solved “wit The 2004 ffer a rathe d that “vital
drinking, c tenance of ments for activities a
projects m of water an
gation to the Genera o have bee other appro ment No.
d also b the oblig mechanism ple of equ the rights een asser n health a Vercambr ble and rea
t water is nto consid oncerned.
he preamb otection of
tainable u
les on Tra th a differe
ble and re of the det
s also ack e Protoco
hey do prom ons that d applying bo ause a sign eds may a (Boisson d s in Article th special 4 Internatio er compreh human ne cooking and f a househ
basic hum and the pro may affect b
d polluting ensure to al Comme en denied opriate rem
15 on th e reminde gation for ms without uitable an
of Indigeno rted that “a and safety
re 2009, 1 asonable u
distributed deration of
While this ble of the f internatio utilization”
ansbounda ent focus, easonable termination
knowledged l on Wate
mote wate epend on oth the prin
nificant dam also be a m e Chazour e 10 that a regard be onal Law A hensive de
eeds” mea d sanitary hold. Howe man needs.
otection of basic huma g rivers, aq
affected p ent No. 15
their right medies at b
he Right ed Article
watercou discrimina nd reason
ous people any form o
would be 7) Interest utilization, d in a fair f the “soci provision
Conventio onal water should ta
ary Aquifer understan balancing n of what
d in region er and He
r access.
watercou nciple of eq
mage. In th matter of c
rnes, 2013 a conflict b
eing given Association
finition of “ ns water u needs, as ever, the sc
Other use f ecosyste an needs a
uifers or la people acc 5 on the R t to water both nation to Water,
32 of th urses Sta ation.
able use es, not tak of water uti
a violation tingly, amo Article 6.1 r and reas al and ec
does not on points o
rcourses a ake into a
rs also tak nding them
of interest is equitab
al and rive ealth to the
rses or quitable he case concern 3).
etween to the n Rules
“human used for well as cope of es such ems are and the akes. In cess to Right to should nal and 2002, he UN ates to
of an ing into ilization n of the ong the 1 (b) of sonable onomic specify out that and the account
kes into m as a ts. Vital ble and
er basin e 1992
UNECE Interna resourc Charte prioritiz 5.2 Inte The int people UNPFI the UN Labor O Certain range o The 20 vulnera reflecte 23). W life-lon opportu of the A Develo and oth the priv
“Agend SDG in issue in SDG 2 to Indig agricult women through Given t produc mentio The afo manag needs access equitab reducin restorin aquifer people in impr The rev
E Convent ational Lak
ces. At the er of Water zes vital hu ernationa ternational s and rece I considers N Declaratio Organizatio n texts spe
of subjects 030 Agenda
able must b ed by this p hile Indige g learning unities and Agenda, bu opment Go
her interna vate sector da of the pe nterwoven
nterlinking (end hung genous peo
tural produ n, Indigeno h secure a the widesp ction, aimin ned stakeh oremention gement of w of […] thos s to safe an ble sanitati ng the num ng water-re rs and lake
s, and also roving wate view of pro
tion on the kes, whic e basin lev r for the L uman need
l Developm developm ent texts ca
s that 73 o on on the R on (ILO) In ecifically ad
s.
a for Susta be empow provision, i enous peop opportunit d to particip
ut embarki oals, alongs ational insti
r, the scien eople, by t
guidance f the SDGs ger and ac oples. Loo uctivity and ous people and equal a
pread cons ng at “secu holders’ rig ned eleme water and s
se in vulne nd affordab
on and hyg mber of peo
elated ecos es. All relat
o 6.b, “Sup er and san ogress in im
e Protection ch address vel, the Se
ake Chad ds, in addit ment Age ment agend
all upon sta out of the 1
Rights of In ndigenous ddress wat
ainable De wered” and
including In ples are am ties to acqu pate fully in ing as acto side “Gove itutions, loc ntific and a the people for develop s, insepara chieve food oking here
d incomes s, family fa access to la sideration o re and equ ghts.
nts tie in w sanitation erable situa
ble drinking giene; 6.4 ople sufferi
systems, in te closely t pport and s
itation man mplementin
n and Use ses both negal and
Basin, ha tion to proc
nda da explicitly
ate parties 69 SDG ta ndigenous
and Tribal er issues;
velopment defines sp ndigenous mong the g uire the kn n society” ( ors on the j ernments a cal authori academic c , and for th pment acti ble from de d security)
at SDG 2, of small-sc armers, pa
and, other of water as ual access with SDG6, for all”. Se ations”, e.g
g water; 6.
on addres ing from w ncluding m to the living strengthen
nagement”
ng SDG at
of Transb national Niger Wa ave clearly claiming th
y recognize and partn argets can
Peoples ( Peoples C others incl
t declares pecific grou s peoples ( groups that nowledge a (ibid., Art. 2 journey to as well as P
ties […] civ community
he people”
on until 20 evelopmen and 4 (edu its target 2 cale food p astoralists a productive s a key pro s” to it, is a
, “Ensure a everal of its g. 6.1 on un
2 on acces ssing water water scarc
mountains, g condition
the partici
” reinforce t national le
boundary W and trans ter Charte
followed a e right to w
es the right ers to impl be linked t UNDRIP) Convention
lude them
that “peop ups whose
United Nat t “should h and skills n
25), they a the 2030 S Parliament
vil society, – and all p (ibid., Art.
030. Water nt.
ucation for 2.3 aims to producers, and fishers e resource oductive res
strong rec availability s targets re niversal an ssing adeq r scarcity a ity; 6.6 on forests, we ns of many
pation of lo Indigenou evel “shou
Watercours sboundary
rs, as well an approa water.
ts of Indige lement the to provisio and Intern n No. 169.
within a br
le who are needs are tions 2015 ave acces needed to e
are not sub Sustainable ts, the UN
business people”. Th
52) define is seen as all) directl o “double th
in particul s, including
s and inpu source for cognition o
and susta efer to “all”
nd equitabl quate and and substa protecting etlands, riv Indigenou ocal comm s peoples’
ld also dra
ses and y water
l as the ach that
enous em.
ns in ational roader
e e 5, Art.
s to exploit bjects
e system and he es in 17 s an
y refer he
ar g uts”.
food f the inable
or “the le antially
and vers, us munities
rights.
aw on
contrib recogn the lev Agenda 5.3 Ind Indigen people the Sup Indigen their tra The Na Indigen Canad Interior water l govern surface and flo concer water q In Artic affairs Nations Constit suprem treaties the fed United for form tribes, 518 of quality ecolog nations 5.4 Ind Since t water m At the 3 of Actio the Ind was ag Develo comply interna such a
utions from nition of Ind
el of the in a’s implem digenous p
nous peop s’ Original preme Cou nous laws aditional la adleh Whu nous water a ruling tha r was cited
aws, requi nment. (Ho e waters so
w” that inc rns with ea quality and cle I, the U
stating tha s, and amo tution state me Law of t s with diffe deral gover States. Tr mal recogn 29 settlem the Clean standards ical well-be s.
digenous p the beginn made refer 3rd World on, stated digenous P greed upon opment in S
y with their ational instr s the Cove
m […] Indig digenous p ndicators cu mentation.
peoples’ la les laws ar Instruction urt of Cana (Governme aws regard
t’en and th r laws in B at granted d by the Na ring highe ekstra, 20 o they will cludes a sy ach surface d cultural us
nited State at only Con ong the se es that all t the Land.”
erent Indian rnment’s tre ribal groups nition of the ments have
Water Act s that aim t eing and re
peoples’ d ing of the m rence to int
Water For (Item17): “ Peoples’ Pla
n in Johann September r human rig ruments to enant on C
genous peo peoples in g urrently un
aws, decla re informed ns (Cajete ada recogn
ent of Can ding water (
he Stella’te ritish Colum
a Tsilhqot adleh Whut r levels of 16). Their w
remain “su ystematic e e water sys
se.
es Constitu ngress has
veral State treaties ent In 1789, th n tribes. Th
eaties with s in the Un eir water rig
resulted in t recognize to protect w
egulatory a
declaration millennium ternational rum, in Kyo
“We endor an of Imple nesburg du r 2002. Item ghts obliga o which the Civil and Po
oples”, inte goals and nder constr
arations a d by the law , 2000). Th nizes and e nada, 1998
(Tsilhqot’in en Nations mbia. The t’in Nation t’en and th consultatio water man ubstantially evaluation stem, inclu
ution exclud the power es, and wit tered by th he United his provisio h Indian trib nited State
ghts. By 20 n Congres es the right water for h authority w
ns and rec m, several c
l texts.
oto, Japan, se and reit ementation uring the W m 29 of the tions and c ey are signa olitical Righ
er alia (ibid targets see ruction to m
and recom ws of natu he landmar enacts the 8). In 2014, n National were the f historic 20 title to thei he Stella’te on respons nagement p y unaltered
of environm ding collec
des states r “To regul th the India he United S
States had on of the U
bes are the s are conti 011, of the sional Acts t of tribes t
uman heal within the le
commend collective I
, 2003, the terate the ‘ n on Susta World Summ
e documen commitme atories to, hts, the Co
d., Art. 79).
ems not to monitor the
mmendatio re, and Ind rk Delgam
Gitxsan pe the Tsilhq Governme first to asse 014 Suprem
ir traditiona n leaders t sibilities fro policy aims d in terms o mental issu cting data o
and indivi ate Comm an Tribes..
States “sha d already e .S. Constit e supreme
inuing to id e 566 feder s. Furtherm
o adopt ind lth, cultura egal bound
dations ndigenous
e Indigenou
‘Kimberley inable Dev mit on Sus nts calls ‘on
nts to lega including b ovenant on
However o be reflect e progress
ons digenous
uukw decis eoples’
qot’in asser ent, 2014).
ert their me Court o al territory
to enact th om the
s to protec of water qu
ues and on historica
duals from merce with f .” Article V all be the entered nin
tution state law of the dentify and rally recogn more, Sect
dependent l practices daries of th
s declaratio
us Peoples y Declaratio velopment”
stainable n the State ally binding but not lim Economic
r, the ed at of the
sion at rted
of in the he
t uality
al
m Indian foreign VI of the
ne es that e
d calling nized
ion t water s and
eir
ons on
s’ Plan on and
” which es to g
ited to, c,
Cultura of Raci environ and Co At the reaffirm laws, th autono human The 20 to the h implem Howev 6. Ben water d The int conflict Interna willingn nationa sustain sustain develo fosterin addres about w 7. Con Althoug needs their un of wate agenda and qu immed needed human
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