Record of Discussion of Proposed Study on Collection of Water by House Foundation Drainage Tile (With Selected Annotated Bibliography on "Water Collection of Drain Tiles" Compiled by R.T. Sumi and T.H. Birtch, DBR/NRC.)

Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur:

Technical Note (National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building Research), 1967-04-01

READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.

https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright

Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la

première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.

Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at

PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information.

NRC Publications Archive

Archives des publications du CNRC

For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.

https://doi.org/10.4224/20338390

Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at

Record of Discussion of Proposed Study on Collection of Water by

House Foundation Drainage Tile (With Selected Annotated Bibliography

on "Water Collection of Drain Tiles" Compiled by R.T. Sumi and T.H.

Birtch, DBR/NRC.)

Hansen, A. T.

https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits

L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site

LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB.

NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=c18b886a-7d4f-42d2-8fc5-e57091d580d9 https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=c18b886a-7d4f-42d2-8fc5-e57091d580d9

r

DIVISION OF BUIUOING RESEARCH

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA

'f

ECIHI

_{N ][CAI£}

NOTlE

No.

485

PREPARED BY _{A. T. Hansen} CHECKED IBY _H.B.D. APPROVED BY _R.F.L.

April 1967.

PREPARED FOR

SUBJECT

RECORD PURPOSES

Record of Discussion of Proposed Study on Collection of Water by House Foundation Drainage Tile.

(with selected annotated bibliography on "Water Collection of Drain Tiles" compiled by R. T. Sumi and T. H. Birtch, DBR/NRC.)

It has been the practice in some municipalities to connect house footing drainage tile to the sanitary sewer system where a

separate storm sewer drainage system is not available. This imposes , an extra load upon the sanitary sewer system for which it is not

usually de signed.

The Ontario Water Resources Commission has been con-cerned with determining the magnitude of this extra load caused by the pick-up of water from the drain tile. The Ontario Water Resources Commission suggested that a research project be undertaken to obtain information of this under a variety of conditions and asked- the Division of Building Research to assist.

A meeting to discuss this proposal was held on 1 March 1967 with Mr. A. Shattuck, Director of Construction, Ontario Water Resources Commission, and Messrs. G. p. Williams, D. W. Boyd and A. T. Hansen of DBR/NRC. This Note is a record of that meeting.

2

-The variables to be incorporated into the study were considered. It was decided that half the houses to be studied should be in clay soil and half in granular soils. Half the houses should be located so that the natural water table would be below the tile, and half so that it would be above the tile. Half of the houses would be in areas with substantial snow cover (as in Ottawa) and half in areas with very little snow cover (as in Windsor). This would mean that at least eight houses would have to be studied in order to have one sample of each condition. It was not considered necessary to select locations on the basis of rainfall intensitie s.

The house s should be built so that the grade adjacent to the houses would be almost level. It was anticipated that future settlement around foundations would occur and that within a year the grade would slope towards the house. The records would be kept for at least two years so that a change in drain tile pick-up for the change in grading could be measured. It was decided that all the test houses should have roof gutters and down spouts.

It was thought that the instruments for automatic re-cording of rainfall and water discharge from drain tile should be of the type that require servicing no more than once a week. The Division of Building Research agreed to obtain more information on the available types. As the records from the water meter

originally suggested by O. W. R. C. were considered too complicated to analyse, it was suggested that an alternative method for recording water discharge be investigated. The Hydraulics Laboratory of the Division of Mechanical Engineering may have more information on this type of equipment. DBR will provide all recording apparatus and will investigate this aspect further.

In this early stage of the project it was thought to be desirable to instrument an existing house located in an area near DBR/NRC where some of the houses are still on sump pump drainage in order to test the practicability of the proposed in-strumentation, before firm plans are made to extend the instru .. mentation to the eight houses in the study. It was agreed that DBR would arrange for this first house and provide the instrumentation (as it would on the next eight). If the instrumentation on this first house can be installed by DBR technicians we will do so for this house only, but if not the labour for instrumentation will be provided by the O. W. R. C.

3

-ally agreed instru-The above-noted arrangements were gene

on and further action by O. W. R. C. will await the tri mentation of the first house.

Mr. Shattuck said that his group would obt in locations for the eight new house s to be used for the main stud • It was sugge sted that the house s should be in areas where th re are no storm sewers since these would require a sump purn anyway and the additional cost would only be in the instrumentati n. Mr. Shattuck agreed to make the necessary arrangements ith the builders or horne owners in question, have his perso nel make the installations, and arrange for collection of data. DBR will provide the instrumentation, make observations duri g the

in-stallation of tile and backfilling and assist in prepari g the report. It was mentioned that it would be preferable for the 1 cations of the installations to be not too widely separated since is would facilitate visits to the sites.

notated collection As a first step in this project a selected

bibliography has been prepared on the subject of wate by drain tiles (Appendix A).

It was mentioned during the discussion tha the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph had done some work oJ the drainage water pick-up of farm drain tile and it was suggested Ihat this type of information might be applicable to this study.

APPENDIX A

SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RE ERENCES REGARDING WATER COLLECTION B

SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE TILES

compiled by

R. T. Sumi and T. H. Birtch

1.

to drain tile. SCE Pro-p. 27-37. Formulae and graphs for the quantity of flo toward field tile.

Discussion by Surish p. Brahma. Journal of he Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol .. 87, No. lR4, Dec. 1961, Part I, p. 85.

2. Dagan, Gedeon. Spacing of drains by an appro imate method .. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Pro-ceedings, Vol. 90, No. 1Rl, March 1964, Part I, p. 41-66.

Formulas for velocity, discharge and seep drain tiles at variable locations relative to the Drawings and charts included.

e rates for ater table.

3. Dagan, Gedeon. Steady drainage of a two-lay red soil. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Pro-ceedings, Vol. 91, No. lR3, Sept. 1965, Part • p. 51-64.

Formulas and tables for velocities of water in soil are given.. Drain tile spacing given.

A-2

4. De Boer, D. W. and H.P. Johnson. Investigati g flow into tile at joints. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol. 46, No.9, Sept. 1965, p. 494-8.

Effect of tile spacings on passage of water i to the tile lines. Re suIt of field investigation indicates cra k spacing not critical factor in tile drainage.

5. De Jager, A. W. Drainage with plastic pipes. nternational Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, 5th Con ress Tokyo, Vol. 5, 1963, p. 17, 267-8.

System in which plastic is used in form of d drainage effect of plastic pipes compared with c1

6. Downs, L. V. and W. O. Watson. Tile drains Columbia Basin Project. ASCE Water Resources Enginee ing Conference, Preprint 372, May 1966, p. 37.

Elements affecting installation of drainage s sterns required to remove accumulations of near-surface ground ater; pro-cedures used in investigations, design and const uction of tile drains.

7. Dumm, L. D. Transient-flow concept in subsu face drainage: Its validity and use. American Society of Agricu tural Engineers, Vol. 7, Part 2, 1964, p. 142-5,151.

Field check data on draw-downs, ､ｩｳ｣ｨｾｲｧ･Ｌ and permeability.

8. Fok, Yu-si and Vaughn E. Hansen. One diplen ional infiltration into homogeneous soil. Journal of the ｉｲｲｩｧｾｴｩｯｮ and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 92, No. lR3, Sept. 1966, p. 35-47.

Theories, formulas, and graphs relating to nfiltration and flow-time.

A-3

9. Grover, Ben L. and Don Kirkham.. Solving til

problems by using model data.. Agriculture and ome Economics Station, Iowa State U., Research Bul etin 523, Feb .. 1964.

A study of drainage conditions with formula and tables on draw-down and discharge rates versus time.

10. Hammad, H .. Y.. Depth and spacing of tile drai Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ceedings, Vol .. 88, No. lR1, March 1962, Part De sign of the tile drain systems including d spacing. Formulas and equations are given for seepage flow and free water surface.

systems. SCE Pro-, p .. 15-33.. pth and

ischarge,

Discussion by E .. J. List. Journal of the lrriga ion and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol .. 88, No. lR3, Sept. 1962, Part I, p. 59-62.

Author's Closure to discussion. . . Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 89, No. lR2, June 1963, Part I, p. 69 ..72.

11. Johnston, W.R.. , J .. Letey, and A.F. Pillsbury. Tile drainage performance compared to theoretical prediction. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Transactions Vol .. 8, No.4,

1965, p. 548-9, 552.

A field study of drain tiles and a compariso with theoretical predictions.

12. Kirkham, Don. Seepage of rainfall through soil into drains .. American Geophysical Union, Transactions, Vol 39, No.9, Oct. 1958.

Derivation of theoretical formulae for water table heights for steady rainfall seepage into homogeneous soi drained by tubes ..

A-4

13. Kirkham, Don. Steady state theories for drain gee Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE P oc?edings, Vol. 92, No. 1Rl, March 1966, p. 19-39.

Charts and formulae for steady seepage into drain tile.

Discussion by Mostafa M. Soliman. Journal of the

Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE, Proceed ngs, Vol. 92, No.. 1R3, Sept.. 1966, p. 81-82.

Discussions by H. Y. Hammad, Abdel ..wahab Am r, E. G. Youngs, Gedeon Dagan, and A. W. Warrick. J urnal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceed gs, Vol. 92, No. 1R4, Dec. 1966, p .. 75-88.

14. Moody, William T.. Nonlinear differential equ tion of drain spacing. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage ivision, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 92, No .. lR2, June 196" p. 1-9.

Graphical and mathematical spacing.

15. Palmer, D. B. and P. Johnson. Effectiveness materials for tile drains. American Society of Engineers, Transactions, Vol. 5, No.

I,

Field evaluation of flow through blind inlets.

f backfill gricultural

• 58-61.

16. Sisson, D.R. and B.A. Jones, Jr. Effectiveness of backfill materials for tile drains. American Society of gricultural Engineers, Transactions, Vol. 5, No.

I,

A laboratory comparison of filter materials or tile drains in medium sand.

A-5

17. Suess, Michael J. Surface area measurements and absorption of soils. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 90, No. 1R1, March 1964, Part 1, p. 87-108.

Effects of the shape and diameter of soils on its porosity. Tables included.

18. Sutton, John G. Installation of drain tile for subsurface drainage. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 86, No. lR3, Sept. 1960, Part 1, p. 27-49.

Theories of flow of water to tile drains. e. g. the Donnan formula, hydraulic conductivity and types of drain tile.

19. Swartzendruber, D. Approximate water flow rates for tube drains in stratified soils. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 67. No.6, June 1962. p. 2395-2402.

Method of approximating steady-state two dimensional rates in stratified porous media applied to tube drainage in layered soils.

20. Thiel, T. J. and J. Bornstein. Tile drainage of sloping fragipan soil. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Transactions, Vol. 8, No.4, 1965. p. 555-7.

Electrical resistance network analog used to determine the relationship between drain depth and drain outflow rate.

21. Van Schilfgaarde, J. Design of tile drainage for falling water tables. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 89, No. 1R2, June 1963, Part 1, p. 1-11.

.'

A-6

Formulae and tables for tile spacings given as well as charts on the conveyance of flow toward drain tiles.

Discussion by L.D. Dumm, H. Y. Hammad, G.O. Schwab, and Mahdi S .. Hantush. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 89, No. 1R4, Dec. 1963, Part

I,

Discussion by R. H. Brooks and Roberto Carravetta.. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE Proceedings, Vol. 90, No. 1R1, March 1964, Part 1, p. 119 .. 125.