■':■>
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA WORKSHOP ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 14- TO 25 SEPTEMBER 1959
ADDIS ABABA (ETHIOPIA)
WP» 10
Provisiotial Agenda Iteufe Nos 4>5j
GHANA STATEMENT ON
COMMDKITI DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
59 - 150
WP. 10 NOTES W GHANA ■ GOTOtNMENT COMMUNITY PEVELOBMENT . ... . '"'.''-'-' . ■ V " . PROGRAMME , . . •■ •■ . A. General Observations -,. . . ■ _ ,■ .■...,..-; .. .. .■-. -
!.■■'■ Community Development in Ghana is carried out by the Department of Social Welfare and Coimunity Development-under-the Minister of Health and-Social Welfare, The. present pattern of the" community development programme stems from a Plan for Mass'Literacy and -Mass Education introduced by the then Minister of Education:
and Social Welfare into the Legislative Assembly in 1951«
2. The Department has a staff of 1957. (excludingdaily rated employees such as drivers, messengers etc) and an annually recurrent budget in 1959/60 of
£G532,5S0. ^n th^ Second Five tear Development Plan inaugurate! by the' Ghana Government on 1st July, 1959 the Department has an allocation for immediate implementation of £G2:,500,000 of which £G2,241,200 is' available to give grants in aid of materials to self help projects during the Plan: period/ Iftadditipn the Cocoa Marketing Board makes an annual grant of £G117,530 to hire technicians and to maintain simple construction equipment for 10 Technical Field. Units to assist self help building projects in.the rural areas.
3« The Department is organized on a Regional basis with staff in each of the 6 Regions of Ghana under a Regional Head of Department; each Region .has a: Rural Training Centre for training staff voluntary leaders and special groups.
4.; Community Development in Ghana is considered as based on the following principles:
(i) The stimulation of Self Help ■ -!\- ■; ; : ^ (ii) . The basing of action upon felt needs^
'■'■'■-■'-'■' (iii) The. payment of attention to the needs, traditions and social customs of the community as a.whole.
In practice it is carried out: in four main spheres:- /
"■■ - '. (i)- Adult Literacy. •,..■-., = ■■ - = - ■ ...-■-". . -. ;. .
Since 1952; until the end of 1958 o^er 170,213 people
;. ,..;. ;received-the Ghana Certificate of Literacy.. Annual; literacy 1;
■/■'■■'. campaigns, employing voluntary teachers (over 3>500 in 1958)
■ -v'-' . . . are now conducted in each Region of the country.
"■.'■ '(ii) Work among Women ■ ■■ ..'■■-.■ ;■■ ■■■". ..-■".. '■."■■■■ ;" ■ : ;
■. ■■;,:... ..;.;■ -.--.. Work, among women on. simple.'home economics alines is .carried
■, : ■■ ■ ■ -.--,:..--: ■:>. :out;in the rural'areas'In iaccordance'.witha syllabus esspecially .,;': :■-...■-.... devised in Ghana for the'need's of-rural women. Assistance has ' ...'-■■:■'.■ .-.-■ ... --.been given by F.A.O^ of ^United'.Nations.in .the Central: training, ■
...- . :;- :q£-:the female village level staff. Over 14,000 wdmen were in class at the eifld of 1958. .■ , : . :■ : ;
■.J
WP« 10
(iii) Self-Help
-.. These: projects a3© the .concrete manifestations ..of a! desire' , . ...-. to .improve.^ ., Tlie villagers'' provide all the'.'^skillad labour. and| '
....-., -p^ien :the. 'money fpr. materials, ;the .Government provides" the.,'. .".' '/ ■
■ technical assistance .and' sometimes, .grants .forl-mate'rials vhich. "r.
. may, however, also fce given by .the. local authority.' All presets
■. ...,. are. "processed..for'■practicability..ajnd. recurrent .maintenance.before■
_; ,^,, they ,ar:e. ■.epibarl?e^:. upon..' iAs^istance has been "received from,the; .'■..
'i.:-;* .^■.^I^^A0/^^^rfest.•Fo■Und^ation, of United,-.States of Atnerica^in'ihe ='.■■.:, ,;,.;s^ape of -7:,|ngx.neer:s. to^aid^ancj; train'-.'the,. Departments; village, "i-,./^..
'■'■ level;i^cj^i^l„staff .-..■.A,iSimple' .gii^e;. to,;yillag^.^tVui'ldingi-hasV-,.',",.
'iscaie'^ojectsV-! 1023. self ihelp..projects Al±hi^^kindf,were,-.
completed in. I9$&o,7,lt has .fee'en, estimated ^that ."sfelf-.help "pays, aV, "
dividend of at least\30^' on. the xkmor invested i^r?|ach^ projects-,'
compared'with their:'cosi by' orthodox meanso . "' ."■'The use of a multipurpose village levol worker helping the vr:,.:,,;.:,people, in,accordance'with"the^. felt needs: mean,s..that there Is- a coordinating force in: the village<, The confidenao built upi;-. ■ by such, workers means that they are able to explain, new ideas to the. villagers for other Government agencies,,,\The Commutiity Development worker undertakes the initial educational approach, after training by the other agencies in the,particular.sub^ebt, and arouses interest so that the other agencies can then deal ,;:..:.; .with.the. technical.follow..-upo^ This achierea an economy o^rftcar
staff and fundso A. number .of e-;-:teBaion ■ campaigns havs: been un dertaken^ for the Ministries of V;"3alth and Agriculture, as well as a varied list of campaigns including improved waiysr .supply.^ -."
school building, payment of local tax^s, ■■■cooperation'with the policy, resettlement j, toimand village planning o. ■ .. j.-j-:!; ;'.:."-
5.^ _ AH. this,work.is.being,4nben3ified .under- theS:l--.^r*-;Deve2.o£jment Flan, the maxn theme qf..which.is,-self .^pjf.-'thevDepartment has a majotf.'past>fcOi--play in "
stmulati^h^s in rural areaso■.;.■■■■ ■ ■.-.■< <■.'■;>■;■■■ ■- ■•; ■■■■■■■.-,■■■•
6. Co-ordination with other services is achieved at the centre by a number
ot central Government; Committees and the appointment of -UaisQni'Sxfficers 'from other services to deal with problems affecting particular campaigns? at Regional XeyeJ. there xs the RegxonsLl. C.ommi.,ssicnerr.:who is of Cabinet rank, co-ordinating all Government .activity da the:,.ta-rea,. . At,-Village -level .'informal village Develop ment Committees have been.£o^3d,.in; orox -17^0 villages ,ax&. the work of formation 01 such commi-ttees over -a .s^deg. a^.ea\-in- being-inteijs^Aed*. The-use of. the multi purpose worker: operating:tbr^a-vsuch .Committees a3hie^e> a very effective co
ordination m the villages.' ■ . " . , .
wp;io
Page.■3'., ■:/-i ■'.■■■
7, , The training of personel for community development work is continous and much attention is paid to it. A note on the recruitment and training of personel of the community development section of the Department is attached.
&{■■■[. ■■.■.Finance is1 'provided' as Indicated in paragraph 2'above.' ■ . '.'-.."' :"'." "■
■•%■ ': -The work'of the Department is based on the use of the multipurpose worker, in charge of groups of .15 - 20 villages and supported by mobile teams for special
purposes'- where appropriate. There;is a complete, hierarchy q£ supervisory field staff and administration is largely centralized In'regional 'offices to leave-field staff_
free for their proper work. There is training of youth at Rural Training Centres in simple rural friilding eM agriculture and the staff have close liaison not only wxth the Ghana National Youth Council but also the United Ghana Farmers Council which organizes Young Farmers 'Clubs., In the field of Women's work special attention is paid'to tneir. education 'in -home-making! an'd literacy and-close co-operation is also achieved with the National Federation'of Ghana Women.."'"
10, The multipurpose field staff are backed up by a central visuel.aids section, helping with aids,for their educational work under the guidance of a Unesco Expert, andy;th^":technical|! contraction section of the Department.
11, -" ' Community Development^in-Ghana has achieved an international reputation and has been able to:-render assistance to other- countries. In 1957 the Ghana Government sent'a mission to the Govermen%-^of the" Western Region of Nigeria to advice on
community development organization in that Region; tho British Colonial
offiCehas puTJlishoe'f-nr'^tho-infcrhatldn of'its 'territories the Ghana Women's work syllabus.-with the permission of-tn^-Ghana Government; ,3; Roman Catholic Fathers aMi layman (from Nigeria and'Tangahyika)'have recieved traliiing in community development in Ghana under a scheme organized in collaboration with their church?
and under an offer ,of Fellowships.through ,C.C.T.A./FfA.M.A. the Ghana Government has"at present undergoing a six months■praetical training course attached to the Department in Ghana 2 persons from Togo, 1 from Ivory Coast, 1 from Sierra Leone,
1 from Ethiopia and 1 from Portugal. . ' ' .
B» DEPARTMENTAL TRAINING - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SECTION, ' . ' . ' ■ DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL'WELFARE AND CQMMJNITY DEVELOPMENT. GHANA ...
(i) Mass Education Assistants (Multipurpose "Village Level Workers)*..
■■■ ■ ■ . . Recruitment: " . .,■■...<■..
' --Recruited Regionally, ■principally from those.who have already shown-;an.
interest ;in; mass education work on a. voluntary basis. Lower age limit.of 23 and
possession1of.middle' School Leaving Certificate (10 years:of School) -as well as
suitable pers-onal'ity. ' • "'■ ' ' ' ' .
Inservice trainig in simple practical community development;-^enniques at Rural Trainiug Centres and under experienced officers on appointment.. After
wr.io
■ • .. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ; ... ■ '■■'■/.'-i ■''.■'"..._ . - • . Tage 4 .~:
3 years of satisfactory service thej? are eligible to undergo a special regional.
refresher course of one month in English and Arithmetic of secondary' school level to fit them, to, enter an examination to qualify fo^ advancement to the next grade*, Annual-regional refresher courses in new techniques, are also held for this grade.
(ii) Assistant flfctss Education Officers (Junior field. Supervisors In charge of groiipe of.Kass Education Assistants) , ,■,..-■ ■
''.■ : •-, Recruitment: ;. -.,; ■ ;, . , " ;-'/ '" ., """' ; ■'' ■",-.' J'1' ' ''■-"'"'" "
■ Either from qualified Mass Education Assistants Vno rhave passed the1 '"■'"■
examination referred to above o_r by direct entry"from persons aged 23 of suit able personality and experience and secondary education*
Training: ■ . ■" . ' ■ '■ -.
In both cases candidates undergo a central 9 months training course at"
the School of Social Welfare Accra, The Course is divided into a short intro ductory t6rm of general orientation in Government procedures and the organization and the.functions of other Government Services, a first academic term dealing ■ with simpJLe. spcial, economic and community development theory, 4/5 months of--1.-"
supervised'practical work in the field, and a final academic'term enabling'the' ■ candidates'to synthesyse the experience gained.durlng:practical .work. .iThe#e":-; ■■"
is av written examination at the end of the course. In addition to '.this' ;pre- ' ■■
entry training there are periodic Regional refresher courses as: for. Mss:EdticS^
tion Assistants. . . . ". ". " ■ \ • r" - '■'■-■
(ill) Senior Asst. 3Mass Education Officers (Field' Supervisors in Gharge of areas),
Recruitment: \ . ■ ■ ' ;
By internal promotion from.:Assistant Ma-ss-Education Officers whbiiav^- »-, been confirmed in their appointments after 3 years Service* ■'- . ■".'.'::.
Training: "" ' ■■ . ■■ .. , . ■'
Periodic regional.refresher courses* There is also "an annual central six- week refresher course of academic study for those who wish to enter the Univer sity Gollege of Ghana Social Administration Course- entrance examination. Those.
who. pass the examination atfd are accepted by the University College are granted ■ study leave for two years in order to take the University College Certificate in Social Administration which qualifies them for father advmnceme&ti.
(iv) ^fess Education Officers (Officers In charge of districts)^":'■■■".
' Recruitment: . ' ' - [
Either by promotion from those Senjor Assistant Mass Education Officers who hold the Certificate in Social Administration Or direct entry by young
WP, 10 Page 5
graduates of suitable personality.
Training:
Annual Senior Staff training Conference in December, Direct entry candidates have a short orientation course and then receive inserBice training under an experienced Senior Officer. Specialized training is given to more experienced Mass Education Officers who have shown aptitude in a particular field,.
(v) Community Development Officers (Specialists or second in Command of Regions)
Recruitment:
By promotion from Mass Education Officer.
Training s
Annual senior staff training confer»n«e. Occasional specialized over seas visits*
■ fyi) ' Principal Community Dev. Offices (Officers in charge of Regions),
Recruitment;
By promotion from Community Development Officer, Training;
Annual senior staff training conference. Occasional specialized over seas visits*..
(vii) Assistant Director - in chare of Mass Education and Community Development Section of the Department at Headquarters.
It
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA WP. 10
WORKSHOP ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 14- TO 25 SEPTEMBER 1959
ADDIS ABABA (ETHIOPIA)
Provisional Agenda Items Nos
GHANA STATEMENT ON
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
59 - 150
WP. 10
■ MOTES ON GHANA GOVERNMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
" " :'";.' . ." PROGRAMME " ' ■""".'
A, General Observations. ; " ' " .■ ' ,..'. ... .\ ■-. r " ... . .". '"•. .".
1. Community Development in Ghana is carried put by the Department of Social Welfare and Community"Development under the Minister of Health and Social Welfare.
The present pattern .of the community'development'programme stems from a Plan for Mass ;Literacy and Mass Education'introduced1 by the' then Minister of Education and Social Welfare into the Legislative.Assembly in 1951»
2. The Department has a staff of 1957 (excluding daily rated employees such as drivers, messengers etc) and an annually recurrent budget in 1959/60 of
£G5321,5SO." ^ thi Second Five Tear Development Plan inaugurated by the Ghana Government on 1st July, 1959 the Department has an allocation for immediate implementation of £G2:,500,00O of which £G2,24-L,200 is available to. give grants in;aid of Wteri^ls to self i*elp projects during the Plan peripdy pi. addition the Cocoa Marketing Board makes- an annual grant of -£(5117,530 to hire technicians and to maintain simple construction equipment for 10 Technical Field Units to assist self help building projects in.the rural areas.. .
3« The Department is organized on a Regional basis with staf£ in each, of the 6 Regions of Ghana under a Regional Head of Department; each-Region has'a Rural Training Centre for training staff voluntary leaders arid special groups.
4. Community Development in Ghana is considered as based on the following principless :
. (i) The stimulation of Self Help ' " ;.
■ (13.) Ther basing of action upon felt needs*
>■"—■■■■■..-■:;. ■■(:ixi)^'- The1 payment of attention to the"needs> traditions and,social
■:. ..■. "customs, of the community as a1 whole. - .■ ' .■ ■-. -. ■.;■ ■ ■ In practice it is carried out in.four main spheres:- ... p.
.'■■■ fa)- Adult Literacy ■. ' ■ ■ ' ■ ■ - - -" :,.-":' : "' ' ■
/■■ .. . . . Since 1952 until the 'end of 195S o^er 170,213. people have
, . '. received the Ghana Certificate Of Literacy. Annual literacy
r campaigns, employing voluntary teachers (over 3^500 in 195^)
are now conducted in each Region of the country*; ,
■ : - ■ "(ii) Work among Women ■ ■■"'■'■■'-."■.''. ' ',- ■ ' ' , ; ,.
■ ,..■ ■ " :,■■:'■ ■<..■:■:■■■ ■■■ Work ampng women on simple home economics lines is-carried'
■-,-::. out.in th© rural areas: in accordance with a syllabus esspecially -'.':,'■'■! ■'■ devised in Ghana for the" needs of rural-women* Assistance has -■;>/.■.'■.■.■ -■.--been given by-F.A^.O. of^United Nations in the Central; training.
• ■:■■-■.■■•. -,--.. :-..ojf the female village level staff. Over 1U9000 women were in
■ ■■.:.■■•:■■■■.: ■■ ■. . class at the efld of. 195S. ■ ■ ■-' :■'■'■'■■■ ■'.■■■■.■"■
WP* 10 -Page 2
(iii) Self-Help buildin'g;:;-pr.o.ieo,ts-
/ .-., These,.projects aie the,'1 concrete"jnanifestations of. a desire '-'. 'tp .^Riprove.;: TJi.e: villagers provide'""a^l,..the;.;tinskilled labour and
...,pften.,the money "£qr. materials'^ ,the..Gbyfirimient, provides the'. .'
■ technical assistance and'.sometimes -grants, f6r{'.mater-ials-. vhich may, however, also be given by the local authority. All pres . are, processed. for practicability .and. recurrent .maintenance .before
. , they ■arelembarked/up6n.»;":AssistaiiQe' 'has "been received: from, the .
.f:;I.«G4o/Near^;East.,F.oundation of" .United..States .of America, in- the, ■.'>:
,.:;shai3e o.f;!7.:En^ine,er:S. to., aid aiiaf. train, the;.Departments; village .":.,-' .level •feclinical^ai'fo ,--A" isimple. 'gni&e, to;' village- building,^haia •■',.
tbVfiid- staff [^ plajihiygi an^."e^i^i^g%\..'
completed "in. 1^*' ^t .has been, estimated." that self., help'pays,-a,,"dividend of at least.,30$ on the .money invested in-:such:; projects, compared with their cost by orthodox means'* . '''"'.'
.'. . ■-.,. ,',.
The use of a multip-arpcse village level' worker helping the :,--pe.opley, in accordance .with the;.;/ fslt needs "means' that,therevis •;■
a coordinating force in the village. The confidence built up,-' . :- by such workers means that they ara able "to e:cplain new ideas to the villagers for other' Gpyerncezit agencies * "The Commujiity Development worker undertakes the .initial educational approach, after training by th-e :other agencies in the particular, subject, and arouses interest so that the other agencies can then deal u. -,vith. the, technical. $aP-oy-,up<> This achieves an economy eg? ■scarce
staff and funds, ' A,.number of. exfceEslon-.caapaigns have been un dertaken for the Minis-briec of Ilsaltu and Agriculture, as well
■ as a varied list of .campaigns including improved water' supplyy ^^
school building, payment of local taaSa, cooperation with the policy?' resettlement? toyn .and' village .planning* ' .= ; . ■■ •"
5*. xl_ArL.-thlswork is>eirtg, intensified mader--the.1S':;<.-;;-'-Bsvel.opment .Plan, the .main theme :9f. which is;.-self ^helpi.-the.Departmen-t has a major ■part/to-play in
stimulating this in rural areas*:- ,-;....:^ . -.. : .,'. ,.. ',- > . ...
6; ' .Co-ordination uith other services is achieved at'the" centre by a number
ot central Government Committees and the appointment ofliaison..officers'from
other services to deal, with problems, affecting particular campaigns• at Regional
level th^re. is the.Regional Commissioner, who Is of Cabinet rank, co-ordinatingall Government activity In the, ^areaa ,.At.Village level.informal village Develop ment Comittees..havebeen.i:prirod^.,ovGr 17^0 Tillages -and the' work- of formation
oi such committees ov-ei- a., .wider ar.©a,~In being --.inteiisifled fc The'.use of the multi- purpose worker operatingt>rc^ such .qpmlttyee ■x.zhl&vsa a very effective coordination m the villages; ■ '.. ... ....
A
WP,10
Page 3, .' ■
■■..-»-
7, The training of personel for community development work is continous and much attention is paid to it,. A note on the recruitment and training of personel of the community development section of .the Department is attached.
■$£■':""." .Finance is provided as 'indicated in paragraph^ above. ' ' . "_ ' ■ K% /. '.Tiie work of the'Department is based on the use of the multipurpose worker, in 'charge of groups of 15' - 20 villages and supported by mobile teams for special
purposes.,.where, appropriate. There .is a complete hierarchy of supervisory, field staff and administration is largely centralized in.regional offices- to leave field' staff^
free for their proper work.- There is training of youth at Rural Training Centres_in simple rural building and agriculture and the staff have close, liaison not only with the Ghana National Youth Council but also the United Ghana Farmers C6uticil which organizes Young Farmers -Clubs.-. In the field of Women's work special attention is paid'■ to their education' in home-making and literacy and close cp-operatlen is also .achieved with the National Federation of Ghana Women. , , ' ' ..;.. . \ ;
10. The multipurpose field staff are backed up by a central visuel aids section, helping with aids for their educational work under the guidance of"a Unesco Expert,
and the technical contraction section of the Department. . .
■■11, ■ Community Development'in .Ghana has achieved an international reputation and has. been able to: render assistance to o.ther countries..; In 1957 the Ghana Gbvernnont
sent a mission to the Government of the Western Region of Nigeria/to advice on.
community development organization in that Region; the British C'olonial /"
office has ^ubliehor! for ike, information of 'its -territories the 'Ghana Women's work
syHatus^.with the permissipri 6£,. .the. Ghana. Government; 3 Roman Catholic Fathers
ao$ 1 layman (from Nigeria,,and" feriganyika),have recieved training in/community development in Ghana under a scheme organized in collaboration with their chiircjij and under an offer of Fellowships through C.C.T.A./F.A.M.A. the Ghana Government has at present undergoing a six months..praotical training course attached to. the' . Department in Ghana 2 persons from Togo,'l from.Ivory Coast, 1 from Sierra Leone, 1 from Ethiopia and 1 from Portugal.Bv DEPARTMENTAL TRAINING.- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SECTION,. .
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL/WELFARE AND .COMMUNITY. DEVELOPMENT. GHANA -"..,-.
(i) Mass Education Assistants (Maltipurpose Village Level Workers).
. v.;.;.., ; .. Recruitment: . ... ■ ■ ■
t. Recruited Regionally^.principally from those who have, already shown .an'. , interest .in mass education work on a voluntary basis. Lower age limit of 23. and .possession,of: middle School Leaving Certificate (10 years of School) as well as
suitable personality. :., . ■ .- = ;- ■ ■, ■
Inservice trainig in simple practical community development techniques at Rural Training Centres and under experienced officers on appointment:.' After
wrao
3 years of satisfactory service thejr are eligible to undergo a special regional refresher course of bne month in English and Arithmetic of ^secondary school level.
to fit them to enter an examination to qualify foi? advancement to the next grade.
Annual regional refresher courses in new techniques are also held for this grade.
. (ii) Assistant Mass Education Officers (Junior field- Supervi'sors in charge of .
■. V groufis of Kass Education Assistants) ■■. ■ ■ ■ ' '' ...-.■-. .
; ' ■. Recruitment;' ■.■' ,"■',-■ ' ■ ■ ■■.■■.' '■/ '•■ '. ■■•'< ■■■ ■' ''■' ,'■'■■". ...-.■...;..;.;. '■?
: Either from qualified Mass Education Assistants who rhav^ passed the:..
examination referred to above or by direct entry from persons aged 23 of suit---, able personality and experience and secondary education.
Training: . '. ■ , . .'■■.. ■ ■ " ■-. .
In both cases candidates undergo a central 9 months training-course.at the School of Social Welfare Accra. The Course is divided into a short intro ductory term of general orientation' in Government procedures and the organization and the functions of other Government Services, a first academic .term dealing1
with simple-\sqcial,- economic and community development theory, 4/5 month's of supervised practical work in the field, and a'final academic term enabling the candidates to1 synthesize the experience gained during practical work. .There •-.-. . is a .written examination at' the end of the course. In' addition to this pre- ventry training there are periodic Regional refresher courses as for. Mass EducS-
"tion' Assistants•'' ■ ■ -.: ■■■ ■■■;■■■.•■ .: .
(iii)' Senior Asst> Mass Education Officers;{Field 'Supervisors in
Recruitment: ■ .■ ■ ■
Charge. ■ of . areas ),
By internal promotion, from. Assistant Ma.J3.a-Education. Officers been confirmed in their appointments after 3 yea\rs Service:..; .
Training: ' ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ .-. ..
Periodic regional refresher courses* There is also an annual central six- week refresher course of academic study for those who wish to enter the Univer sity. College of Ghana Social Administration'Course entrance examination. Those who pass the examination and are accepted by the University College are granted- study leave for two years in order to'take the. University College. Certificate. . in Social Administration which qualifies them for futher advanc'emeftii. : ■ ,.; ;. ..
(iv) Melss Education Officers (Officers in charge of districts)*;. ..; ..
' Recruitment: ' ;■ ' ■■■'..■■■ ■
Either by promotion from those Senfor Assistant Mass Education Officers who hold the Certificate in Social Administration Or direct entry by young
WP. 10 Page 5
graduates of suitable personality.
Training:
Annual, Senior Staff training Conference in December. Direct entry candidates have a short orientation course and then receive inser^iee training . under an experienced Senior Officer. Specialized training is given to more
Experienced Mass Education Officers who have shown aptitude in a particular field..
(v) Community Development Officers (Specialists or second in Command of Regions)
Recruitment:
By promotion from Mass Education Officer.
Training:
senior staff training confer#n«e» Occasional specialised over seas visits*
■ fyi) Frineipal Community Dov» Offic«rs (8fficers in charge of Regions),
Recruitment:
By promotion from Community Development Officer, Training ?
Annual senior staff training conference. Occasional specialized over seas visits...
(vii) Assistant Director - in chare of Maes Education and Community Development Section of the Department at Headquarters.
