Biological control practices against pests in vegetable greenhouses in Izmir (Turkey) Yoldas Z., Madanlar N., Gül A. in

Biological control practices against pests in vegetable greenhouses in Izmir (Turkey)

Yoldas Z., Madanlar N., Gül A.

in

Choukr-Allah R. (ed.).

Protected cultivation in the Mediterranean region Paris : CIHEAM / IAV Hassan II

Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 31 1999

pages 425-434

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--- Yoldas Z., Madanlar N., Gül A. B iological con trol practices again st pests in vegetable green h ou ses in Izmir ( Tu rkey) . In : Choukr-Allah R. (ed.). Protected cultivation in the Mediterranean region . Paris : CIHEAM / IAV Hassan II, 1999. p. 425-434 (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 31) ---

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2. Yolde, N. & A.

Gül

of &

Ege ,35100

Abstract: of in on

and in this of the

formosa of of

Chrysoperla carnea

formosa and persimilis to l

whitefly and 1/20-40 / on eggplants. C. carnea was not able to

has in % of the total

(l 1771 ha) (Anonymous, 1993).

of the the of

on the enemies of pests to be used as effective means of

thus in is now being applied in

& & Woets, 1988;

& 1992

pests in 1986 in 1992 in

& the most

common of aiming to investigate possibilities of of

in in the on tomato,

the in in

51,20 and 9 % of the total

production of natural enemies

in

60 ^f 5% 16

+

formosa (Gahan) and Chrysoperla carnea (Neur.,

of persimilis as stock

of Trialeurodes vaporariorum

tomato plants, individuals of Tefranychus cinnabarinus at

of Zell.

used to formosa, persimilis and C. carnea,

Cahiers

Plant production

a

2 and 2 autumn

seasons and on eggplant in given Table1

.

Table 1. of plant production

sowing

Autumn 1992 Galit 3 August 1

Tomato Autumn 1993 Galit 2 August 26 August

Galit 29 June

Elif 14 8 July

Autumn 1992 18 August

30 June

10 4

of enemies

a given in table 2.

Table 2. Application thresholds and release ratios

.

(pedleaf)

1 l5

persindis 5 1/20, 1140

Crvsouerla carnea 5 1/20

I

Tomato

As species of whiteflies, vaporariorum and Bemisia tubaci (Gem.)

in of mites; Aculops lycopersici

Tetranychus urticae cinnabarinus; and two species

of aphids; euphorbiae (Thomas) and persicae

1, to the the autumn

14 3 of to

the

80.02 % than formosa also

vaporariorum the

of vaporariorum to a maximum of 27.4 to almost

formosa %. ^/

Cahiers options

-0- Whitefly (biological control)

-X- Whitefly (no application)

Autumn 1992homato

,

Figure 1. Nymph density and parasitization rate of whitenies on tomato plants treated and control parcels

. successive persimilis of 1/20

But to June

2). no

of

A. Zycopersici Tepanychus spp. the

to

vol. 31 427

400

Tetranychut spp ( Bio.cont)

*

350 Autumn 1992/tomats

300

spider

m i t e l l C d

250 200 150 1 O0

50

Q . - - - - - . - . - - - . - . . .

.

.

.

. . . . . . . . .

j SeDtember October November I December Janwnr

I

spider mitelleif

Figore 2. Effect of persinù& release on the control against red spider mites on tomato plants

Cucumber

Tvaporariorum and B. tubaci the ^~

to tomato. Tetranychus spp. and Aphis gossypii Glov. Aphididae)

as as well. to the

in both autumns and one of the the last

formosa was of low whitefly population (1.16 nymph/leaf). formosa

was also found to be effective to on the

maximum pest population was 13.08 and 18.50 on

with 91.47 and 92.2 % 56.84 and 102.3 nymphs per

in the

8.8 nymphs/leaft and the was 100 % 3).

Cahiers

vol.

Autumn 1992

90 80 70 50 30 20 10 O

September

I

II

I

Spring 1993

Autumn 1993

I

I

I

Figure 3. Nymph density and parasitization rate of white fly on cucumber plants

persimilis in all the' of the

high pest population on observed. the second

vol.

that no

1/20 and 1/40 in of

to tomato, high aphid population necessitated the of carnea C.

carnea at the

430

350 300

250 200 150 100 50 O

I

I

March April

I

I

I

4% Population density of spider on cucumber plants (Autumn 1992, Spring 1993)

vol, 31

Autumn 1993

o f P .

S e b t e m b e r O c t o b e r

II

i

10 15 5

-X-Tetranychus (1120)

persimilis

--t-bTetranychus (1140)

persimilis (1140)

i

X

Appl. of c h e m i c a l s

Figure 4b. Population density of red spider mite on cucumber plants (Autumn 1993, Spring 1996)

the cf vaporariorum, T. urticae and persicae, but

at

Although formosa of 79.82 %, it was not able to

5). As it is shown of persimilis

was that

mites did not settle on no to the of aphids on

C. carnea on tomato.and

Cahiers Opti~ns vol. 31

250

200

l 00

50

o

f0bNaw

I

I

Figure 5. Whitefly population on eggplant

35

-- --

25

--

20

--

15

--

-

10

--

5

--

-X--Tetranychus -P.petsimilis

l

I

I

II II

II

_l

Figure 6. Population density of spider mite on eggplant,plants

that formosa was able to vaporariorum and B. tabaci on tomato and

the of &

1989; van & van to

Cahiers

whitefly population on eggplants, using an entomopathogen fungus can be

Tetranychus spp. was achieved with persimilis on tomato and of 1/40 mite) was found to be

sufficient to mite population on it was

that A. Zycopersici which

& 1994) &

1995) persimilis on eggplants.

used was

that to the last days

(1992) that persìmilis was not effective at the 30

to

the carnea was not able to of Aphidius sp.

Aphidoletes aphidimyza taken into

the the light of the formosa and

persimilis can in

the is suggested that

to be widened to

biological agents adapted to local conditions.

Anonymous, 1993. Sebze Yetigtkiciliiji Özel Ohtisas

Ens., Freuler, J., 1987. Evolution de la lutte

en 19 (4): 219- 223.

-çer, N. & Bulut,1986. Trialeurodes vaporariorum ile

formosa 1.

(12-14 subat, 1986, Adana), 206-217.

W., 1989. Eine neve weibe Fliege

möglichkeiten von Bemisia tabacì. 14: 892-894.

J.C. van & J. Woets, 1988.

Ann.

&

C!.

of Entomology, 18 237- 240.

N. & Y. 1995.

No. 9: 54-63.

J.C., 1989. La lutte 300: 7-9.

& Tiittanen, 1980. of pests in glass-houses in Finland-the

situation today .and in the

Finland, 12-15.5.1979, 3(3): 127-133.

Cahiers Options vol.

Öncüer, C., Z. Yoldag, N. & A. Giil, 1994.

biyolojik savag 395-407.

EJ.W. van & J.C. The

formosa

(Hym.,

the Trialeurodes vaporariorum as a

function of.host 92 (3): 1-102.

Sunderland, Chambers, & Scopp, 1992.

management. of

. . . . _.

Yoldag, Z.

,

biyolojik savagta formosa ) 'nin etkinligi

.

.

Cahiers