Forwarders vs. Centralized Server : An Evaluation of two Approaches for Locating Mobile Agents
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(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Forwarders vs. Centralized Server: An Evaluation of two Approaches for Locating Mobile Agents Sara Alouf — Fabrice Huet — Philippe Nain. N° 4440 Avril 2002. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--4440--FR+ENG. THÈMES 1 et 2. apport de recherche.
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(111) u{mqºsu |~4|~ ¼ ´fu |os±² p;|~ b|b mu · mo|~ |!u{q.{¼ q,u{mqeq.{b Áu7!4Áu §bº|~o7u{moq§¦<|~ |~^u pUq[|s{} q± u mqº|{½b<¦Uo{!q[s{s.¶:lUu msq o¿4q!¹ooq,±²b @ " 8+ . . " 8+ . " . . . . EO. . /) . . . "G+ 1. E ) . H#"G+ 1. . ! . . E ) . ! . *) . . . E ) ) . u mq:¼!´Êu{ |~4s±²b{p+±bu mqhsu |~u{o|{o{bo|~Áu §q[s =JEO )B # ¿/= EO ) B # )<¿/= EO ) ) B # |o =JEO B # )<¿ q.s{Yq. u §¦bq ¶:Ð|bsu[¿§^u {}o q±² $% @ &. "8+ . E ) ) @E E ) ) . . ) @E ) ) . " G+ . . "G+ . ! . " E @E ) E ) E ) ) +% . *) " 8+ H#"G+. " . u mq'<´Êu{ |~os±² p>~±Wu mqUsu |~u{o|{F 4|~§§u{q.s>=JE A F %T" % = %H + u mq/±²<³ §U Ybs{Áu §b 5 ) × *W× « +Ì,¬ + .× -0/21 :43 <Õ ¬ <® - « 5 × × 5,¬ 6 Ó 2 ®8 7 × 90* × ¯ Ó «.«;: <. dÍ. R"<Ã>=~Ä. Ë< Ã{Ä.Æ Í Í <YÉ Æ È Í É0 É'1 /à Í@?7É Í Ã 1 Ä& É Æ É 7 @. BA. 9:9<;=2>>> ?. @ @ M L. . . . B^¶(& "8+s/q!u q pUq[».
(112) Ä É 7. . µtt[¸.
(113) t[£. Å §Ä/ 7 / Í È 0É . Í Ã È d Í o Ç È Ã 7!Ä~Ã. "8+. É 1 ÉÌËKÍ . . J L +&" J M +&" M + E#) ) M " M M J /+ "G+ *" J M +&" M + E#) ) "M M J /+ "G+ 3 L E ) )
(114) L" M 3 *+ 3 * " M L+6 . " G+ . . "G+ " G+ . *". "8+. " . "G+. . µt[v¸ µt.¨b¸ . L49 J "8+ " M +&" J " J L+&" J M +P+ E#) ) µt ¢^¸ "M M J *+ "8+ "8+ M" 3
(115) " M +P+ *" J M +&" M +&" J F " J L+&" J M +P+ E ) ) K 3 E ) )^µt+¸ . "8+ " MM J *+ "8+ "G+ J µt&3b¸ M "M 0 M J /+ E#) ) . 3. H#"G+ E ) ) . &. . !Ä~Ã @ ÌÉ È d 7. d Í Æ Ä È o È E ) ). "8+ . " 8+ E#) ) ~Ã Í. 3 L!M 7 " J L +&" J M + L!M 3 " M M L+ 5. . ÉÌË<Í ÀÉ0 4 l%moqo{~± ~±:: Ybs{Áu §b
(116) ¨o¶§ts¦q
(117)
(118) ¤4q.o§F¤¶ 6 Ó`Ó2*hÓ ¯¬ Ó Ø - »ª Ó × 5 5 × Ö ®KØ Ó <« / 1 1 : ' Fu mss{q. u §bF³@q pr}u qeu{moqq!Yq. u q.F}p 4q.~±0±² ³%|~ q s§»su{q[|^´ su |<u{qeYq!u³q q.Fu{mq |q.bu |~4u{moqepUq[s{s |~bq µP{q[s¶ u mqesb} q,§±u mq q/s%o prq.s s |~qK¸ ¶:Ðq u "$J+W4qu{moqo{bo|~Áu u mo|<u u mq|q ^u s.|<u q. )? @embos|K³%|Kr±²{bp |rprq.s s{|qµ² q.s{¶h±²{bpu{mq sb} q/Á±0u{moq qes o7prq.s s |~qK¸ ¿R³ m mj {q[sYoosu
(119) |
(120) s§u{}4|<u{j³ mq q u{mq.{qr|~ qq |b u § 3V@ ±² ³| q s u mqs{su{q.pF¶ q.|{¿ "@ + E ) @E#) ) E ) )4E ) ) )4E ) ) "$J+ EO @E ) EO ) EO ) ),% G% O% |ou{mqeprq.|7}p 4q. ~± ±² ³| q. s@s%¦q
(121) <. . . . . . /). 1. " 3 @ +" J+. "$&+T3 " J+ /) /) ! " @ #+ "@ + " " @ +# H "@ +#E ) ) 3 "@ 3 E . . ) 3 E ) ) +. µt(#~¸ R!S T9 RVU.
(122) Ä<Ã~Ã Í Ã Ë
(123) Í 4È Ã É[Í Í Ã <Ë Í Ã. tbt. ³ moq q "@ +Wq u{q[su{mqq.{¦<|<u §¦bq±*"G+h|~u%Y^u M @b¶ o{bpGµt[¨b¸|~4Àµt[vb¸h³q¹oo . "@ +#. ³ moq q.|s@u mqe{q.|~u{ ". "@ +# H "@ + . M + E ) ) "@ + J * M#" J " M L J+J" J *+&M#" J+ " I L M + . µt&-b¸. L!M#" L M T+ 3 " M L" M 3 *+# " MQ L+&" L>3 M +&+(E#) ) M " L M#+&" " L M +/3EL!M + L " M +&" L!T J " M 3 /+ M#" J M +&" J L+P+ E#) ) J "M M J /+J" J Q M L+J" " L M +/3 L!M + . µt&,b¸. ±²b§<³s±² p µt ¢¸%|~oMµt+b¸ ¶ po§<³ µt#~¸!¿µt-b¸%|oMµt,b¸³ §u{mºu mqq! q.s s{§bos±²}4 ±²b E )K¿ E ) ) |o E ) ) µ²Mµ -^¸ ¿µt&3b¸|ojµP¢$+b¸ ¿ q.s{4q[ u §¦bq ¸!¿³@q¹o4 L#E ) ) L " 3 [MQ M +&"@I3 E ) ) + M " JT+&" M#+ 3 3 M . " L M +&" *" LI M +/3EL!M +. J " MM J * +. M. . . " LI M +/3EL!M. ³ moq q6E ) )es¦q `§ µ²¢ ,^¸ ¶l%mqr|K¦q. |qe}p 4q.,±W±² ³| q ss,q 4q[ u{q[ºu 7b{<³ ³ mq. LUb M
(124) o! q.|bsq[s|~oF§us{mb}F4| ½
(125) .j³ moq J` j§4! q.|s{q.s³ m mºs§}osu{ |<u q.F §b} q ¢4¶l%mqj {^s{s{q.s§ q.| m |~m {q[sY4 u{ u mqMs{|prq`¦<|~}q.s7~±u{mqÀprq /o|~ |~prq u{q s&5 J @ % M @ ;8%L ;8% ;o¶:¤s%smo<³ ·§ ! 4¢ % G |Yq,}4sq[u{Uq ¦<|§}o|~u{q,u{mq,±P|~}oÁu{´fu q |~o q ±u mqe ~u{ ʶ0l%mos%s{s{}qes%~u|b q.s sq[·mq.{qb¶ 6 Ó`Ó2*hÓ ¯¬ Ó Ø¯ × - +²¯®,¬ + ×.- ¬ + Ó / 1 1 ' ·u{ms@s{q.!u{·³q,q!u{q.{prqu mqq 4q[ u{q[ prp}o.|<u{ru §prqb¶0l%moq,!bprp} |~u{u §prq,s u mqu{prqoq q.q.u{|UpUq[s{s |~bqu U q.|b mu{moqepUb§qq[ u[¿u{r³ m m7³q,p }osu |bu{mqu{prqeÁu u |~½bq.shu{Uu{mq/pro§q,bq.!u%u{rsq.o§u sq.³ Ybs{Áu §bu u mqesb} !qF |s{q,u{mq/prq.s s{|q,mo|s@u{ bu m }bmU|~u0q.|bsu:bq±² ³| q..¶ ' ±4u mq prq.s s{|q{q[| mq[su mq pr§q%bq.!uh|<±Ìu{q.:q!|!u{eq moºu mq `u{mq.{q s,oq q.ºu{·u mqUpUb§q q[ uu 7s{q o»Áu s,Ybs{§u{ºu ·u{moqUs{} !q so!qu{mq s{}o q½<³s §&u )ºu{ms/ |bsqb¿u{moqU prp}o.|<u{Fu q pr§o|~u{q[s4!qu mqprq[s{s |~bqmo|s{q[| mq[ u mqeq. u[¿u{mq.{q.e}osu{§±²^ru mqq!¹4Áu §bF~±u mq!bprp} |~u{7u{prqe¦q F|~Y<¦qb¶ ¤uu{mq·q.o?~±|º prp}o.|<u{Àu mq|~bq ^usupU |<u §oo¿u{mqs{}o qUq.s |~oÀ§u seq moF|K³|KU±² p;u mqe|~bq ^u.¶:l%ms!b{ q.s{Yoshu{su |~u{q "@ %&;O%&;G+ ¶:¤uu ms%u{prq¿u mqsb} !q/su |Ks q±²bU|3q Yoq ^u{|~§Msu{ §}u{q. } |<u §b ³ Áu m3prq.| @ !J¶?¤±Ìu{q. u ms §ojYq § | oq ³ prp}o.|<u §bjs/§oÁu |~u{q.?|o»u mq·s{su{q.pG |jYqÀ|^`qr~±@u{mqr±²b§<³
(126) su |~u{q[s 5 "@ %J;8%@ + ¿ " %J;8%@ +%±²Q ? ¿ "$ %@ % @ +%±²Q ? @¶·Ï,q!¹oo q # A F³ §u{m ? @b¿ =@N;O%@bC¿ H @ b³ §u{ m "$ % = % H + "@ %&;O%@ +{¿R|su{mq q!Yq. u q.» prp}o.|<u §bF u{ pUq ¦q.Fu{mo|~u|prq.s s |~qe³%|s bq q. |~u{q[·³ mq.7u mqs{su{q.p;³%|s%
(127) su |~u{q " % = %H +}osu|<±Ìu q %u{moqeq oq |<u{7~±u{mqeprq.s s |~qb¶. 9:9<;=2>>> ?.
(128) Å §Ä/ 7 / Í È 0É . ×. 6. ×. λ=1s. -1. 4. 4. 6. Mean hop time 1/γ = 20 ms, mean migration duration 1/δ = 50 ms. ν = 10 s. 2. 5. 5. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. λ (s ). 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ν (s ). -1. -1. 13 10. 10. 13. Mean inter-message time 1/λ = 1 s, mean inter-migration time 1/ν = 0.1 s. δ = 40 s 30 20. γ = 9 s-1. ×. 7. 7. -1. 10. 12. 50. ×. 4. 10 4. Expected number of forwarders. 10. 0. 1 1. 2. 2. 2. -1. 0. Expected number of forwarders. tKv. 10. 15. 20. 25. 30. 35. 40. 45. 50. 10. 15. 20. γ (s-1). } q/¢. 25. 30. 35. 40. δ (s-1). Wl%mq/q Yq.!u{q[7}p 4q. ~± ±² ³| q s 5. l%moq`q!Yq.!u{q. !bpUp } |~u{ u{prq µ²u{mq?s}oos{ {u & {q ±²q su{Po ³| q s¸Us7¦q. . "@ %J;8%@ + ) ) " %&;O%@ + ) " %@ %@ + ) ) ! ! /) ³ moq q " % = %H +q.~u q.sru mq» o|§§u ~±/ q.| mo§Msu |~u{q " % = %H +b§¦bq u{mo|~u·u{mqºo{!q[s{s §u{|<u q.r·su |<u{Qq "@ %J;8%&;8+{ ¶ ' u@|!u{}o|§ q o{q[sq.bu s u{mq{bo|~o§Áuu{mo|~u@|e!bprp} |~u{su |~{u s ³ moq ju{mq·s{su q p pr<¦q[s,±²{bpGsu |<u q "$ % = %&;8+u ºsu |<u{ q "$ % = % H + ¶ LÁu mju mqmq.§À~±I §b}{qr¨
(129) ³@q ¹4o7u{mo|~u µÊv~£b¸ "@ %&;8% @ + J J M " %J;8%@ + " % @ %@ + . J/" J L+ 4 8% O% L!M J @ % 8% L. ʵ vt[¸ µÊvv¸. R!S T9 RVU.
(130) Ä<Ã~Ã Í Ã Ë
(131) Í 4È Ã É[Í Í Ã <Ë Í Ã ³ moq q 1 . . '
(132).
(133) 9 . ' . . @¶:¾}4sºµfv£b¸ ´ µfvbv¸h³@q/p|K· q ³ Áu q. A. J J M ) ) TJ " J !L M L + . . L§u{m
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