Ontology-Based Querying of Linked XML Documents
Lule Ahmedi Georg Lausen
Institut f ¨ur Informatik, Universit ¨at Freiburg Georges-K ¨ohler Allee, Geb. 51
79110 Freiburg, Germany
!"#!$%'&() !*+ !,%
ABSTRACT
- .0/1*2#!,1#!.#!.34,56#879*,56#":;' !*<=#! >@?A<*<*"BC !D#!6<*5
E(3F:?AB9GH#!D#JI !D/0AKIL7M 4 *9#!N$O2# !+#!
D#P <**<=#!;6#!"Q0#!'#8>. !<=+K ,5R<*5*<&
#!4%TSMU* #!V$0,W *<PXV93F:?ABYDZ !"W !<=
<5*<#!5OF 0*,[I ! '#!/1*C !\6' !N#![]I !*^6#!5&
,*JJ[<*5 D !<PXD+;6#! D<*5%^_C<* P,"O5'&
#!`+6>R#!MD<#C#!X#^a;bV3OC+L*<* M#!JMD<#!c2#PD P
) H) !"D#!`0#!= !<=,d5R#!9e80#!= !#f^gNhiXijk*kD15
,5+XDl\6 >,N2>2#!V<*N+*J56#!5,5*;DX.a;bV3m0#!
'nX.34:A?Bl&8+o) P =79 !$o#! I !/1;#!cIL7M )
D<*<**,o !*#!QacbV3p#P`V#![#879 !$L% - R*< !+LR
,5+XDJ\6 >q*/5DXD#!r2# P#!*,>m+X*ps]I !*/1o$0
D 5,V*6#!'#![#!D#R ! I !m< !N'Z !*6#[6<^ [ !&
D#!t !/1 !*%u?AA#!t79*>v56#!,5*Q !qD#PD#!*w#!
5x<=@#879 !$6&8*7d !y$0o,m7J'#!v*"D0#!<QD&
#P#!5..7J4%zS^'#Q5T, !VDK#!W2#PDX PTX
7M*'&82#P+*s34:A?Bw#!*<=,>W2#!qd#!N#!*<P&
,*{#!D#{ !c2#!FO#!I !6<**JDC55I#!V+6> #!;<* N&
'#|>65 ;2>2#!*};tDl<#!KD [II<D#!;#!X#
*Q#!.6#! P<=#;7J'#!q* 2# !<=#! !y#P+XD*[D#R",5+X
=]#!0#%
1. INTRODUCTION
e8r !<**6# >6 !`#!.I !5' P#!5w;acbV3F&~+p2>2#!*
P"#!<'>V<= !V#!`#!RIL0#AC !\6 !,`#!c !&
*,5K]2#!,@D)#87dD !mXw*/5*v#!y< !#!D`7
ID P,5 t#!wXDXs* 2# !<#! !D#P0%?9#t#!s!D
#! 5{<y#!y<5<*I#!5wDK#!t34:A?BI !#!6<*c/1 !5
1w
1
A#!tyR,56#|7M*,56#Q !<#! !*.#!s2#!D !
o/5 !#|>tD9) !"D#!qXDc+L**y2#!5>y,5,. 5 *&
#!V%}0*>6;"D6>w/5 !'#!tXw !* !<=<**6#! !Q
3F:?AB= !/1 !yWx DV#!v"DX,sD !"D#!5+L5#
#!*' o *N+L !*^ !,5*D#!5*#|7M !$0*d#!<5%{DX@<5 IX&
*J$1#!<DILc b.< !5D)#AZ A3F:?ABpIILD #J*/1*O
#!*' oe|6#! !=# + !7J !*%?{ 5,WqD !,tN+L N[' !*<&
9m79D !$D #!qD#! yWIIL #!*+6>#!s:;*#!<=
!<P,,5* *<=D)#X?A$6#!***<=*O3
51&! 5%
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.
Semantic Web Workshop 2002 Hawaii, USA Copyright by the authors.
#! >. !/1 !K0
FDy I *6#PD#!5.#!D#AIIL #!J !,
34:A?Br,52#{ !*D#!XD#PD+XD*JJ7/+"'
%
*<**6#!'>6L9S^ ! !2&83F*5;/0WD^o1*"D0#!<
-
+
7J<Px=7) !D
-
*+<*56#!*6#c#!D#yy *&
,DC#!o<*5 I#! !cDXy$1tIt#!.+LN*'>qI !6<**!+
+6>y"<P*[s.,5+XM<5CKD## P<=#!,t., !*D#ND##!*&
#!5wx#!Q<*5 K'#8>6%
!5#!QIL56#ODR/7}RD#P&
+XD**H#!O*"D6#!<
-
*+s<p+Lo**pD Q,55+'>p$1
N'#!UD#PD+XL7J !R$0;IL56#!, ) ! 5ND#PD+XK5+&
¡
<#N#!V#!oD#! K<Dm !5'>q<D >q5#K5I2#!<D#!*s#PD$0
D R !PDII<*D#!5R7J*q\6 >,%N.+ !,Vo ,
#!m#!t<*6#!*6#.DND#P0A6#!55,Q<w+Lt*x#!s5w
$0X.D^"6#!<KD#PD#!;D5, 7J'#!Q#!c#!,5,"$0
#!X#o !/1Q#!m !*D#!W#P%?{o !,1D Po#!yIL*<#O[&
,v\0 !*QD y#!s<sD #!sD !* *6#!5*<*' !<*`&
2#P<**mE6#! !$1*w6<* *6#!=GP{#!m0*"6#!<
-
*+v#!<=&
5,>OI !*6#!J>1#{V/15/0,`U P2# !<#! !5%
¢
v#!tD#! .U5{#!y D !'#!*V+L=#|79*34:A?B£DX
#![a;bV3¤!X#!/1*" 0*(%5%X:
¢
b¥' *¦
"$1{#![) !
"*X<DXUD#!JD d\6 >,ca;bV3F&~+XD`5 !<**H7J#!5#
#!J*N#!c<* 9 <*N+L ! 9# P2) !"#!*%H?{6#!
/1*5I *6#dCa;bV3y#!*<P55,D>6XDJ7M*DJ#![55I#!V
#!M2#!*/15/0,A2#PXD P*1$1da;3F$ '
CaB56#! {
J#ADJ7M**2#PD+.A34:A?B%
9= !D !5F2#!5VDM,`#!c#!*<P55,*#!X#c !R2#!
R#!*' l<*579^X/1H5I#![#!{+XDM C\6= >,{2>2#!*
5p3F:?AB#!*<P55,D>6Hq]IL*<#[#!Q*/1 PD,5o'#!K2# !*,#!
D #!oI !IL5.D;\6 >,W 2# !<#! !*sD#Pt=#|79D !$0
D#R",5+XH]0#!*6#%R:;*<*/1R#! !*+6>Qc'#!;#!,56#c<**<#!5
#!y#879 !$mXp2# !+#!5r<=**H#!XD#H+6>p*,54^U&
= !`2# !+#!5m<DIXD+#!*KD KIL= !D KU !5§#!")5X
.# P5'#!XDN'#!UD#PD+Xc2>2#!* c
5
%d3F$0J#!D#J !*D#!
!* D#!Q#PW<Dx"$5.IX #!<*D oVc<=r<DIX+'#!**
*+,O¨ <**6#[\6 >QI !6<*,VDM#!`D#Po !,1D P*
l#!;+ !*5#!O#!*' A2# !+#!4%
¢ "R5+
¡
*<#!/1^<*5K+,{56#!,5*HRa;bV3o6#!
.'nXW34:A?Bl&~+X*y) PD 79D !$y) R,5+XM\6 >,Oc#!
I !/1.#!VIL79 ") .<*<*,sacbV3D#P09 !**/0,m#!
) !"D#!q !<= [) !5©<5 !,.#!`2# !+#!qDD&
<#!p{#PQq#!*' K*"6#!<Mm2# !<#! PM#! !D&
,5*'#|>OQ2#!<=#A !<**%d9{A#J#!;<*c7J*.,
6>x[#!y\6 >@,5XD,5*.pD .I !5ILEaAª >
acbV3&|ª;3'
#!<5%Gy) R<<**,Va;bV3@6<* 0#!*%
-
N'&
2# P#!9#!92#!<#!5H+6>RDN] I5D+L#!NRaAª >RDX
V5 {II !1D<=FLDXO#!;#!; I !/1* *6#!H79[Z %
«A¬FX®m¯°±W²w³;´!´!µ0¶ ·q¸U¹º5¸`»M·yº5¼·y½¾X¸(·¼2·´=¸(·¿v½¾T½¾¸(·(À5¼2º1¸½¾1À
¿1º1¸ºOº6ÁÂ5µ¸4ÃL¼|Â5Ľ¾XÅP·´HÆ=¼|Â5¶z¸»HÂNÀ6·Â!À5¼|º=ù0½Å ¿5º1¸º6Áº5´=·´2ÇJ¸U¹·
È
jÉLÉXÊ
º5¾¿ËdÌ'Â6Áº1Ì͸º1¸½´P¸½Å*´W¿1º1¸º6Áº5´=·´y»l¹6½Å=¹º5¼2·qº5ĺ5½Ì'º1Á*Ì·
½¾WÎAÏVÐWÆÂ¼=¶YÆ=¼|Â5¶}Ñ~Ò6ÓÔÕOÖ¼2ºÀ5¶`·¾X¸´"ÂÆ"·º1Å=¹mÂÆ`¸U¹·´=· ÎAÏVÐ
´PÂ5µ0¼|Å=·´Rº5¾¿O¸U¹·½¼A×OØ×c´cº5¼·[´2¹Â5»C¾t½¾.ÖH½À6ÕÙ1Õ
ÚÛÜ5Ý
ÚDÞ6ß0àá0âãäåvãæ*çå1èéêàDß1ë1ß5ì0å6âãTí0å0ÜDî1ï6æ1ð5åãLéÝ
ÚDÞàDÞ1ñ0ð1æîâ5àãÝòó1ôòõ1ö1ó1÷1Ú1øDÞàDÞ5ñð1æîâàãÝ
Ú1æß6å6æ5Ý5ù5ú6ö1ó5ó6Ú1ø1æß1å6æ1Ý1Ú1øÞ6ß0àáâãäå6Ý
ÚDÞ6ß0àá0âãäåvãæ*çå1èéûæDü6å5ß5ãLéÝ
ÚDÞàDÞ1ñ0ð1æîâ5àãÝò1ò÷1ýò÷5ú1ú6Ú1øDÞàDÞ5ñð1æîâàãÝ
Ú1æß6å6æ5Ý5ó1ö6þú1õ6Ú1ø1æß1å6æ1Ý1Ú1øÞ6ß0àáâãäå6Ý
ÿ
Ú1øÛÜ5Ý
Úî6å5ß1ß6æ1Ý
ÚDÞ6ß0àá0âãäåvãæ*çå1èéâß0à1ðé
æ6ß6åá6èéLésÞàDÞ0èéþ5ô1õ1ó1ö5öéø1Ý
ÚDÞ6ß0àá0âãäåvãæ*çå1èé 1ã1Û0ð1æDã6ëé
æ6ß6åá6èé 1êésÞàDÞ0èéú6óòö1ö5ö1ö1öéø5Ý
ÚDÞ6ß0àá0âãäåvãæ*çå1èéûæDü6å5ß5ãLé
æ6ß6åá6èéûLésÞàDÞ0èé5òö1÷1ó1ù5ó1ö1öéø5Ý
ÿ
Ú1øî6å5ß5ß0æ1Ý
±m²[«A¬5±¯ !#"%$'&)(4**
+=¾OÎ-,Mµ·¼/."´0.¾¸º21ÇJ¸U¹·43*µ·¼5."»HÂ5µÌ'¿oÁP·R¸U¹·9ÆÂ5ÌÌ'Â5»C½¾6À6
78 :9DÞ6ß6àá;ÛÜ
êwë0à6äñçåã6î<é*ÛÜ>=5åDñ6ß0àDÞ0å?A@çXðéBDø1øDÞ6ß6àáâãäåC
9DÞ6ß6àá;î6åß1ß0æ
êwë0à6äñçåã6î<é*î6å5ß1ß6æ=5åñ6ß6àDÞ0åD?A@çXðé>BDø5øDÞ0ß0àáâDãäå
í>E )9DÞ1ß0àá;î1å5ß1ß0æ1øFãæ*çåèG9Þ6ß0àá;DÛÜ5ø>Fã0æ*çåH5êI
9DÞ1ß0àá;î1å5ß1ß0æ1øFÞàDÞÝòö5ö1ö1ö1ö1ö5ö
> J1êÚÞ6ß0àáâãäåTæ1ß6å5á6è9Þ6ß0àá;Dî6å5ß1ß0æ5ø>F6æ1ß6å5á0Ý
ÚDãæ*çå6Ý>K9DÞ1ß0àá;î1å5ß1ß0æ1øFãæ*çå>L6Ú1øãæ*çå6ÝC
ÚDÞàDÞ5ñð1æîâàDãÝ>K9Þ6ß0àá;Dî6å5ß1ß0æ5ø>FÞàDÞL
Ú1øDÞàDÞ5ñð1æîâàDãÝC
Ú1æß6å1æ1Ý>K9DÞ1ß0àá;Û0Ü5ø1æß6å1æ>L6Ú1ø1æDß6å6æ6Ý
Ú5øDÞ6ß0àá0âãäå6Ý
º¾X¿N¼2·*¸µ¼P¾´A¸U¹·NMOQPR/SUT>VWR·*Ì·¶ ·¾X¸´{º5´{º6ÁÂ5ÄD·PÇH»C½¸U¹ ¸U¹·½¼T>XYZW*Ç
M*PM[\X]^SPT5Ç_X``2OaWRN¸ºb5·¾"ÆP¼2Â5¶©È jÉLÉXÊ
Çdº5¾X¿%XOaWX.¸ºb5·¾ Æ=¼2Â5¶
ËMÍLÕ
+=¾xÂ5µ0¼.´0.D´=¸(·¶[Ç`»^·Vº1Å=¹6½(·ÄD·Q¸U¹·t´Pº5¶`·.¼·´!µÌ'¸R½Æo»^·.´!µÁ¶K½¸
ºc3*µ·¼/.m¸Âs¸U¹·QÂ5¾¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.m»¹·¼2·Q»^·O¹º5ÄD·Q¸Âm´Ã·Å*½Æ5.qÂ5¾XÌ.W¸U¹·
·¾¸½¸½(·´K»M·N»Hº5¾¸A¸ÂO¹0º5ÄD· º1¸J¸U¹·oµ¸ÃXµ¸UǺ5¾¿V¾XÂ1¸d»¹·¼2·o¸U¹·.
¹0º5ÄD· ¸ÂVÅ!Â5¶ ·dÆ=¼|Â5¶º¾X¿o¹Â»¸U¹·.O´2¹Â5µÌ'¿tÁ!·`Å!Â5¶ Á½)¾L·¿DÇ{º5´[½¾
¸U¹·9ÆÂ1ÌÌ'»H½)¾6Àed(µ´!½¾1À`ÎfJº5¸U¹g6
h>hijlkjnmoDmprqpstj0tuksvwqprqx>sk2jltpy{z}|~~>~~>~>~~
À5½)ÄD·¾w¸U¹º1¸dÃL¼2ÂĽ¾XÅP·´Vº¼·V¾Xº5¶`·¿sº5´]aX]aW>WP2MP\SU]aSVX\{½¾x¸U¹·
¾X¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.5Õ
e8.#!JIXDIL 7McI !*0#J#!c,55+\6 >o*/5DXD#!Q2# PD#&
,>;+LX#!F9#P !,5#!#!d#!l56#!55,*l 0*I##!,
#!K IXDAt#!K#|7M !$o#! !*;D^#!RII !1D<=Q#!X#
7M !$0`ID #!<* !>s7M*dp#!"<Ot,5'>p2# !+#!
D#P;#!5IL5,>6%H9{ !2#9#!{IIL ^MD !,1*o^)57J
0*<#!5xV,5/1*`y+ !=/1 !/07#!"<I+'#!*"Z !
+6>.34:A?Br !/1 !*%d*<#!
I !/0U*{Q]IUDX#!Ql#!
/1= PdD !<P'#!*<=#! !o{5 `2>2#!*V7J !`*<=#!pQ,56*
yD #;#! !,5Q#!N 0,O;F*/0,o#!K2&
<5q+L5#c$0[#!N$1=>Q<*52# !<#!cDM#! 0*)
0*<#!5 %C?x,+XDL\6 >R*/X#!5 2# PD#!,>`+K5 $0
IJ5O#!d=¨ <**<=>OV*<#!Q0%
'>6L0*<#!5.N<*5`&
IX !*[5 NDII !1<PW7J'#!mD#! R2>2#!* *W<*<*X*c#!
IXDIL %
2. LDAP OVERVIEW
?Am34:A?Bu
5
M
!/1= N<Ds+L"/7MsKV* 2# !<=&
#! !*sD#PD+XDO2>2#!*VCIL*<UDp) `#!"5IL P#!`IL= &
D ! 5 #!{e|6#! !#1#!D#9* IAXN2#d !* D#!d !5
5IL= PD#!5y#!D#t6<*<* yN<P !qU !\6*6#!'>T#!X7d !'#!*
E#!X#tD !q,5* P[6<DGPKDXTIILD #VD t#!q<UD<
<**6#=D !/5 ; !<='#!*<#! !%
9K34:A?B@#P" 0*<52#!;DC#|79"<* IL5*6#! d9
¿5½¼2·Å¸Â5¼5."´PÅ=¹·¶Nº
nX*dKn'#!=#ADl<**#! JD !,1D'&
#!Vo#!<P*"R P !<=6>66#!5,#!= d7J#!o#!*' J<*6#!*6#
D## !+#!*dDX"#PD#8>IL*%C9
¿5½¼·Å¸Â5¼/.`½¾´P¸º5¾XÅP·
<*0#PDd
nX'#!N#[Dd*6# !*; !,5qm" !2#7J= !`<Pq0# >
E2 DG4C{5&~* I#8>;#HEIL5+'>XG4N'#!&~/*R## !+#!=&
/VI' !%6E^GR#!X#"<*5 !#!y#!V<P*"Wn'#!5
rE~5GA+L*5,5;#!V#c2#RN<UDc7J<=yc,5/1*W+6>V#!
E"#! >XG^D## !+#!Zprlamuj0Dsk%
9yXD ,s 0cn*O7 #!r P,q*6# !*V6#!
t2#PD<*R P !<=6>.+X*tV#!*' X DXV7#!" !=&
= N#!y6>WIXD #!<*D `0# >6%/0,tQ\0 XD "#!tD6>
*6# >p@#!V2#P<*V= PD !<P0>@D7J"#!q != #!s6>p*&
# >pK+,55'>6%x9V\6OX O;v3F:?ABY0# >
Q'#!
¿5½´P¸½¾6À5µ0½´2¹·¿w¾Xº¶ ·
E^y5GP%e8#QV) ! T+6>w*0 &
D#!,@DA#!tX/XAXD *"[#!QID !*6#O*6# !O+<P$
#!V#! !6D#ND{#!" PD !<P6>6% 5,V#! 0# >4y6l5%,%
E^u>yukqtjnksUu>yZprxyj0wpZyjnpsp>6GPDC<c# PD<*HU !5T#!
*6# >Hukqtjnks9'#!*'N#! !,T#!prxyj/wp+<P$v#!p#!W !6D#
pZyjnpspVDd#!N# !5%oe|W#![7M !$t79" ! "'>y0#!= &
*2#!QW7#!o != ;#!"X/X*6# !;t#!K PD !<P6>
O7T#!`; != !.*6# !*d7J*.D !<P,%
9A<#!5F 0*#! ! *^#!;IL PD#!5d#!XD#9<
+L;IL ) ! "5o#!' !*<#!D >O= !/1 %H9D !<PV5IL= PD#!5
<=#!RqO U [7d*>W.#P+"\6 >y6**%"e8#;[0/15$5
+6>Q !<=Q !\62#;nXQ"<5N+XD#!QH#!c7d&
,y5 o<*5 IL*6#! Q9
Áº5´=·
*D#!* #!.2#!,5
XD dL#!d*6# >K`#!J' !*<#!D >N2#PD<*d7J !d#!d !<=
7JH2#P #%c9
´PÅ!Â=÷
<t+Lkm5'^#!K !<=yA#!o+LR !=&
2# !<#!"#!
¡
2#d#!An !2#J05pry2msm2ms''l5>"#!An !2#J*/5*
0dd#!K+L;D !<P*F xj0mm5'40*JX= 9#!
+XDJ5K+Ld<* !*`+0>[#!MnX'#! H]I !4%H9¡
Ì'¸(·¼
·01PÃL¼2·´P´!½Â¾
K+L65t<*N+D#!5.HD#! <[n'#! !ADl#!
D !}E^-¢5£GP17J !N9D"D## !+#!{ 5¢5£"9;<* IX &
5sIL PD#!D HXtKpD## !+#! /5%V9
ÃL¼|Ân¤·Å¸½Â5¾
=nX9#!c#{lD## !+#!*d#!`+L !#! !o+0>"#!c\6 >6%
Referral Mechanisms.
9 !^D !C#|7Md$0F0 !) P1 <=&V3F:?AB79W"$1tWK VU P 7M !$L;%5%
;O" #d ! PD*%
?A
º5̽º5´
do*6# >N#!D#M<*56#PM#!yDDD#! d0# >
c#!H! H !/1 %e80#!HD !<P[ !*'#<56#PR*#!XD#
*6# >`
¼2·8ÃÌ'º1ÅP·¿
+6>K#!{*6# >N#!AdIL0#!^#![#! !5,5"'#!
F(%5%+0>o'#!{V0# >6%
«A¬FX®m¯°±¦¥¨§CÂ5¾´!½¿6·¼^¸U¹·ÆÂ1Ì)Ì'Â5»C½¾6À{º1̽º5´^·¾X¸¼/.;¸U¹0º1¸¿6·´PÅ*¼=½(Á!·´
Å!º=ÃL½¸º5Ì´Nº1¸d¸U¹·N¶ ·*¸º©~¿1º1¸ºtÌ·ÄD·*ÌlÂÆR¸U¹·cÀ6·Â!À5¼2º=ù6½ÅO¿5º1¸º.½¾¸¼2©
ldap2xml integration
LDAP engine
integration LDAP engine xml2ldap dtd2ldap
internal
ontology external ontology
Query
final answer xpath2ldap
xml2ldap-onto
reformulation
answering query query
query reformulation query answering
S1 S2 SN
links
XML LDAP
input data DTDs
Q1 Q2
ans(Q1)
QN
ans(Q2) ans(QN)
XML
±®¥4¯4°±¦±²±*±® *°*±>D±
y³Nu>y-´k2 ukqtjlk>sµu>yZpxyj/wp-¶p
prxZyjnpsp>p¸·>o¹¬uumnu2#jprq
ykºm³N´k ukqtjnks
prlamuj0sk2n³»kstk2
kstk2lmlamuj¼Dkº#m³»^ukqtjlk>sµu2uprxyj/wu2#jmak
prx/½uiu>´2m>ºkp¸·o¹¡uumu2#jnpq
+¸L´P¸º1¸(·´dº¶`Â5¾1ÀRÂ1¸U¹·¼=´d¸U¹0º1¸F½ÆM¸U¹·{·¾X¸¼/.cº=Ã1÷º5¼P´9½¾ ¸U¹·{º5¾´!»M·¼
´=·*¸UÇR½¸{½´ ¸ÂWÁ!·O¼·8ÃÌ'º5Å=·¿sÁ.t½¸´`º1̽º5´=·¿m·¾¸¼5.Ç[½(Õ·Õ'Çc¸U¹·.·¾X¸¼/.
»¹Â´·K¿5¾t½´O¾#VXMSµ]^X\¿UV2¾#VP[T]^OwÀ¿UV2¾Z]aWOaOaX¿ÂÁµÁµÁU¿UÃV2¾Z]aPMLÕ
ÖÂ5¼y·015º5¶AÃLÌ·PÇo¸U¹·`ÆÂ5ÌÌ'Â5»C½¾6Àc3*µ·¼/.p¸U¹º1¸`Ì'ÂÂbD´cÆÂ5¼QºrÅ!Â5¾XÅP·8ø
¿1·´=Å*¼P½(Á½¾1À.Å!º=ÃL½¸º5Ì´;½¾tºKÀ5½ÄD·¾yÂ5¾X¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.>6
Ä
ÆÅAu>y-´k2 ukqtjlk>sµu>yZprxyj/wp-¶ppxZZyjpsp>
p¸·o¹¡uumu2#jnpqÇ{xj0½mm4Ç2È
»HÂ5µÌ'¿"½¾´P¸(·º1¿OÂÆc¸U¹·-É>XÊ VX2MSU]aX\º5̽º5´;¿1·
¾L·¿Oº6ÁÂ5ÄD·K¼·´!µÌ'¸M½¾
½¸´cº1̽º5´=·¿O·¾X¸¼/.
y³^ukqtjnksUuuprxyj0½u#jnmakpx/½uiru>´2mºk
p¸·o¹¡uumu2#jnpq
ykºm³¡ukqtjnks
¸U¹0º1¸½´ ºeVXMSµ]^X\MÅ!Â5¾XÅP·8øcº´ ¿6·´PÅ*¼=½ÁP·¿mº5¸¸U¹·O´PÂ5µ0¼|Å=·.´PÅ=¹·¶Nº
Ì·ÄD·*ÌÕ
? ´!¶`º5¼=¸^¼2·Æ*·¼=¼|º1Ì *.K7d*>6K,5 PD#!5tCDQ*%
e~# "r*6# >sr#!V !<#! >p2#PD<*O#!XD#N ! !`#!W5
D . D !Q*6# !*Ov#!Q!
Â5¼Q½¾Tº¾XÂ1¸U¹·¼
34:A?B !/1 %
) !*<*AEA½mË^## !+#!*=G !{`#!9 ! D3F:?ABy'D !
!5 !<W6<#! !mE^Ì
3F=GP%Y?Aw3F:?ABÍÌ
3'
.[#!
) !Îskq³h>h´2pj0h2nmk½u>´ÏÐq8X7J !Ñnmk½u>´ÏÐqCJ#!c*D !<P
!*\0*2#oc#!V !Òk2nm2Ç>q½p5amuj0tpryÇnupq>m2ÇÓsjmK#!s+LQ*6#
#! #!K<*6#P<#!Q !/5 %c0"D #J !) P[D !RXDX*VQ#!
!D A79> 9#!A*%9_d%,%#!{)57J,N !) !*<;IL56#!
#!O#!`*6# !*;#!D#[!D#!2U>sOn#!= ¸Åntµy2m>q k2jm{z¨|Ô>Ô>~>È[q
# !. !6#!xD#u>yZpxyj/wpZyjnpspqXp6<D#!*vD# #!
imw2m½¹Õ·>o¹¡uumnÕp>½V52#
skq³h>himw2m½¹Õ·>o¹¡uumnÕp>½hu>yZprxyj0wpZyjnpsp>ÇÇ
xÇÅntµy2m>q k2jm¸z}|ÔÔ>~>ÈÕ
e8.a;bV3W#! ! **D !c6<D(X D J#!N#!;acbV3
e8:[De8: _ *<PXVl7J !D`"D #R !) P"D !o,5+X
T !*N+y#!@#!Wa34$DaB56#! Q$0,@ *<=V%
9M9D*^K" #l ! PDC) C#!M,55+\0 >,
I !IL5*JJ/5*2#!,1D#!*.t*<=#!
%
3. THE OVERALL ARCHITECTURE
e|"D P 9#!R+L<*IXD+;DI !6<**,`a;bV3tD#P06>"<*5`&
5,55+0\6 >,^) P =79 !$+X*;5;#!C0#!5,5* 0*
. !\6' !v#!pIIL #O#!Wn'#!5T"DXD,5* *6#O
<P*"pD !"D#!5YE5%,%c#!q:;6<* *6#QC>ILW:;n'#!5
E:c9:RG^#!D#{< !+L*{#!c2# !<#! !cHDVacbV3m6<* 0#GP
#!m<=#!XR6#!*, P#!<*6#!*6#!sE(%5%[#!WacbV3u6<*&
*6#!=GP%
¢ dU P 7M !$OI !/0U**/`DV56#!,>Vn'#!54#!; !=&
\6' !x)D#! !*O#!sD *'>wI !6<*.+L#!v#8>IL*ODKD#P0
"#Prv*<=#!x¦0%
,5 !ty7J`#!V !<='#!*<#! !
Wf^gNhiiXjkkR5 q34:A?Bl&~+XD,+XD \6 >,@2>2#!V%
f^gNhiXijk*k`2#PDX[) Kfl,56#|7M*,56#"g[+XD9hiiXjkk`2>2#!V
p5&~6# !/5y=]#!5TR#!t# P5'#!XDK3F:?AB£ !/1
0'nV#!O *=##!K**;D9,5+XH\6= >,ot#!
-
*+F%
e8#JI !6<**D{*< !+LOo#!;)57J,%
?AE
·015¸(·¼=¾º1Ì
G
Â5¾X¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.
[#!W5"DxR0#!= !*2#V/'&
+yv#!
-
*+vO<* !ILD PD#!vw O2>2#! <=@#!XD#
'#;A#PD$1*Qt'#! !, !*I !**6#PD#!4XD *'>Va;bV3HDX
# P2D ! r6#!t#!.< !*ILX,m34:A?Bl&~ 0*s0#!'&
5,D>.+6> #!
1¶`ÌÒ6Ì'¿5º=é~Â5¾X¸Â
<* IL50#%l9*F) {<PV/'&
+Oa;bV3T !<*Om'#!`:c9:Nt< !*ILX,y !*I !**&
#PD#!yt3F:?ABx,5 P#!Q+0>O#!
1¶`ÌÒ1Ì'¿1º=Ã
¿1¸¿5Ò6Ì'¿1ºPÃ
<* IL50#!* !*IL*<=#!/5*'>mED ;#P{*"
C'
GP%
#!=
KIX #NDA#!ODII<#!5r*,4C#!"<*D !*IL5*<**N+L=&
#|7M**p#!o*6# !*`r#!.0#!5,>rDXs#!.r#!O !<*
<P*"#PsD !y*2#P+w+0>@ Do[#!t3F:?ABu != P
*<PXD *%Ö5+XD[\6 !*OD !y*/X#!w+0>r#!
Ð4×{³f
+=¾X¸(·(À5¼|º1¸½Â5¾×ª9¾6À5½)¾L·
C<* IL5mDA#!
,Mµ·¼/.{Ø{·Æ=Â5¼=¶KµÌ'º1¸½Â5¾
Ïy¿5µÌ·
r#!
,9µ·¼5.W³{¾´!»M·¼P½¾1ÀsÏy¿5µÌ·
%9. "D &
ND#!*A"\0 >WEtaBlD#!G9/1 {#!
·015¸(·¼P¾Xº1ÌCÂ5¾¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.
DX
IL5`'#N#!Q#!o2>2#!*V%W9
1Pú1¸U¹0Ò6Ì'¿1ºPÃ
<*5 IL*6#R# P2&
D ! K#!O\6 >WU !5a;Bl#!m#!W3F:?AB%l9
,9µ·¼/.¦ØJ·ÆÂ5¼5©
¶NµÌ'º1¸½Â5¾vÏy¿5µÌ·
!7d !'#!*O'#.6#!s#!V#! ! "[#!y !<*
*/1*J\6 !* +6>s,t#!o$07J,Q= !/5m) !5 #!O !=&
= PRXQ#!K*"6#!<D^nX'#!)5Xtt#!
Ú2àë1ü=Dë6å5ïâãâDîâ5àDã0ÝÙ??>?
Úß0à1ðå=ë6å5ï6Ý1Úß0à1ðåTãæçå1èéã0æ*çåéø5Ý1Úß0æDã1Û6å6ÝÚrê6Ú5øß0æDã0Û6å1Ý
Ú1ä5æß1ëâãæ1ð6âDî5ü0ÝòÚ1ø1ä5æß1ëâãæ1ð6âDî5ü0Ý6Ú1ø1Ý
Úß0à1ðå=ë6å5ï6Ý1Úß0à1ðåTãæçå1èéì0æ6Ü>;6ä5æÞâDî0æ1ðéø1Ý
Ú1Üñ6ß0à5ð5å=1àï6Ý1Úß0à1ðåTãæçå1èéì0æ6Ü>;6ä1âî1üXéø1Ý5Ú1ø6Üñ1ß0à1ð5å=5à5ï0Ý
ÚDß0æDã6Û6å1Ý1Ú6ä5àDãäåÞ6îTãæ*çå5èéÛ0âDî5üXéø1Ý1Ú5øß0æDã6Û1å6Ý
Ú1âã6á6å5ß0Üå6Ý6â1Ü;6ä5æDÞâî0æ1ð;1àDï0Ú1ø6âã1á6å1ßÜå6Ý6Ú5ø1Ý
Ú6ä5àDãäåÞ6î=Dë6å5ï0Ý1Ú1ä5àDãäåDÞ6îãæçå1èé5å6àDÞà1ð1âDîâ1ä5æ5ð 1ã6îâî1üXéø1Ý
Úß6à1ð5å=6äàDãÜDî1ß6æ6âã6î0Ý5Úß0à1ð5åãæ*çå1èéãæ*çåéø1Ý1Ú2Ü0å5ü0Ý Ú1Ú1ø2Üåü0Ý1Ú1øß6à6ð5å=6ä1àDãÜDî6ß0æ6âã1îÝ
Úß6à1ð5å=6äàDãÜDî1ß6æ6âã6î0Ý5Úß0à1ð5åãæ*çå1èéÞàDÞ1ñ0ð1æîâ5àãLéø1Ý1Ú5øß0à1ð5å=6ä5àDãÜî6ß0æ6âã0î0Ý
Úß6à1ð5å=6äàDãÜDî1ß6æ6âã6î0Ý5Úß0à1ð5åãæ*çå1èéæß6å6æéø1Ý1Ú1øDß0à1ð5å=1ä5àDãÜDî5ß0æ6âã6î6Ý6Ú1ø1Ý
Ú6ä5àDãäåÞ6î=Dë6å5ï0Ý1Ú1ä5àDãäåDÞ6îãæçå1èéÛ1àDñ1ã6î1ß5üXéø1Ý
Ú6Üñä5àDãäåÞ6î=5àï0Ý1Ú6äàDãäåÞ1îãæ*çå5èé1å6àÞà1ð6âDî0â1ä5æ1ð 5ã6îâDî1üéø1Ý1Ú1ø1ÜDñä5àãäDåÞ0î=1àï6Ý
Úß6à1ð5å=6äàDãÜDî1ß6æ6âã6î0Ý5Úß0à1ð5åãæ*çå1èéìæ6Ü>;1ä5æDÞâDî6æ1ðéø1Ý5Ú1øß0à1ðå=6ä5àDãÜî1ß0æ6âDã6î6Ý1Ú6ø1Ý
Ú6ä5àDãäåÞ6î=Dë6å5ï0Ý1Ú1ä5àDãäåDÞ6îãæçå1èé2ÚDî0æî6å5å6àDÞà1ð1âDîâ1ä5æ5ðéø1Ý
Ú6Üñä5àDãäåÞ6î=5àï0Ý1Ú6äàDãäåÞ1îãæ*çå5èé1å6àÞà1ð6âDî0â1ä5æ1ð 5ã6îâDî1üéø1Ý1Ú1ø1ÜDñä5àãäDåÞ0î=1àï6Ý
Úß6à1ð5å=6äàDãÜDî1ß6æ6âã6î0Ý5Úß0à1ð5åãæ*çå1èéæ6ß1å5áXéø1Ý5Ú1øß0à1ðå=6ä5àDãÜDî1ß0æ6âã0î0Ý1Ú1ø6Ý
Ú5øàë1ü=ë6å5ïâãâDîâ5àãÝ
Ú1âãÜDî0æãäå0Ü5ÝwÚÝ==rì0åß6åä5à*çå6Ürî5ì0åxë1å5ßâDá6åëßÞ>àáwáâDåâ:==1ÝxÚ1ø6âãÜî0æDãäå6Ü5Ý
Ú1ø5àDã6î0à1ð5àÛ1ü0Ý
±®ã4äo±¯D°²×åL°²×^åæ"%$'&
¾X¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.
%T9Q\6 !*" !V*/X#!rIXD P#!*'>p oD<=
!<*W+6>x#!y3F:?AB !/1 %94{#!t !*'#!V !q<*`&
+V+6>.#!
,9µ·¼5.`³{¾´!»^·¼P½¾6ÀoÏy¿µÌ·
#P$0, 6#!OD<*<*6#
#!A !7d !'#!,NI !*/05> ) !KD#!"+6>`#!
,9µ·¼5.ÑØ{·ÆÂ¼=¶Kµr©
Ì'º5¸½Â5¾.Ïy¿5µÌ·
% XD>6
Ì'¿1ºPÃLÒ1¶`Ì
# P2D ! 9#!J !*'#d) !
3F:?ABr6#!`a;bV3H%
9IXDIL F6<**5;#!
Ð4×{³f+=¾¸(·~À5¼|º1¸½Â5¾-ª9¾6À5½)¾L·
%l9*
<5 IL5*6#! V Q 0*,W+XD* #!XD#O !Q+ !ç>r&
<= !+L*w#!t=]#.*<#!5F%z0*<#!5
#!*w<*<*0# P#!*
. 0*,K<52# !<#!9#!X#dIX #!<*D >o<*6# !+#!{#!K#!
<5 IL5*6#dD<*'#!**L%5%^$0*%
4. MODELING BASICS
Ontologies.
¢ 6#!,5*OI*>ws< !<UD !5yw5 o) PD &7M !$" !*I !*6#!,`R<*5 O<*<*I#!XD4 0*XD A4 !
D4R5"D.E<*5<**I#!*6 !**0<*5<**I#^#P]K>61=#!<5%GP%CSM'#
IL5x34:A?Bl#!>pDZ "IIL # ) o,55+A\6 >,@E(D#P
6#!*,D PD#!5LG[<PXD PD<#! !2#!<*K7MoD !o6#! !2#!m+L#Km#!
IIL AD,N7J'#!o#!;IIL #d) J#!2#PXD Po56#!55,D>V&
,W !\6' !* 0#!*%K9` 0*,Ot#!<=<C,D !5cD
3F:?AB#!*' `#!,0#N<*5*<=#!r#!y=#|79D !$s@2# !+#!5
<PXD*{DZ {<I+'#!*{#JI !**6#JVI !/5D,`D#PR&
#!, PD#!ODII !1<P*C7JX+L{#P``#!J=]#H*<=#!4%
-
9IX #!'#!K#!M56#!,>K<*5 IL*6#6#!
½)¾X¸(·¼P¾Xº1Ì 56#!5'&
,>t#!V+LR !*I !*0#!*WW#!`34:A?Bw 7d !`mf^gNhi*è
ijk*kDd@D ·015¸(·¼P¾Xº1Ì 56#!5,>p7J<P@ !*""racbV3
!<*WD#.m,5/14A<*<*+q6<#!T5v#!
-
*+4%?A
#!
1¶NÌÒ6Ì'¿1º=é~Â5¾¸Â
<*5 IL*6#K`0# !0<**rs#!O2>2#!
#![I !D/0{c"II,+L#|7M** #!J<*<**I#!XDX*6#!'#!M#!
6#! !434:A?Bp56#!55,D>QDXo#!5c" !$1"I.=]#!= !X'>O
a;bV3H%
?#PDs*< !I#!m7Y#!V 0*H56#!,5**H+L#!q
3F:?ABuDXrxacbV3HM 7M*;oq"DII,q+L#879*@#!
o,5/1*x
%?{x] IVacbV3,*5,D PI<t56#!55,D>v
$5#!<=O#{
,5 !
%
Data Modeling.
e|m R2>2#!*VCmD !+'# P >macbV3x6<*&*6#K` !I !**6#!s@34:A?B<<* P,W#!t#!.n'#!5
"5At5
) {D#Pc !*I !*0#P#!54%Ce8 #!M !*I !**6#PD#!5F
é/ê½é/ë«é/ìíaî
%ï
ílíaðlñQòróíé/î
D ! 0*`+6> 3F:?ABm<***%^9
D,t<Pr#!.## !+#!`r#!*O<UD*tE
,5 !
1GPM#!«pu5ôptX#ykºm»p>½m8MXck>sUx2mV## !+#!*M D
]IDO#! !5%
«A¬FX®m¯°±¦ãÖFÂ5¼KÂ5µ0¼N¼Pµ¾¾½¾1ÀQ·015º5¶AÃLÌ·PÇ{»M·`º´P´!µ0¶ · ¸U¹º5¸{¸U¹·
´0.´P¸(·¶}º1̼·º1¿.OÅ!Â5¾¸º5½¾´6
õ
¸U¹·;ËJ·Â!À5¼2º=ù.[Â5¾X¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.A»¹Â5´=·¬]aX]aWWPM*P>\SU]aSVX\Å!Â5¾ÅP·8ø
¿6·
¾½¸½Â5¾ »C½¸U¹4T>X>YÑWÇX``2OQWRPÇM*PM[\X]^SPT5Ǻ¾X¿#XOaWX[¼|Â1Ì·´
½´[¿6·8ÃL½Å¸(·¿.»C½¸U¹6½¾qºo´PÂ1̽¿.̽)¾L·MÆP¼2º5¶`·!¿VÁ!Â1O½¾VÖH½À5µ0¼·Ñö6Ç
º5¾X¿
õ
¸U¹·RÈ jÉLÉXÊ
º¾X¿.ËdÌ'Â1Á!º5ÌÍX¸º1¸½´P¸½Å*´A¿1º1¸º`´PÂ5µ0¼|Å=·´º5¾X¿N¸U¹·½¼
×OØ×[´{»¹Â5´=·Ñ÷OaPR/SUT>VW"·*Ì·¶`·¾X¸H¿6·
¾½¸½Â5¾´;º5¼2·R¿6·8ÃX½Å¸(·¿
»H½¸U¹0½¾t¿1º5´2¹·¿Æ=¼2º5¶`·¿.ÁÂ211·´c½¾t¸U¹·K´Pº5¶ · À5µ0¼·Õ
5. REFERRALS AS INTEGRATION MEANS
-
*V#!R 0*,"D^#!K]2#!,O"Q56#!5,>6#!
<P*"#PNC#!c !<*A#!X#AD ![+
¡
*<=#DC6#!*,D PD#!5yDX
#! 9#PRd56#!{+2#PD6#!UD#P$ D4#!A 0*,[I !D&
<***#!XD#OK*2#PD+,r#!t !*D#!5IV+L=#|79*w#!5
0d)57J*%
9o3F:?AB != Pd *<PXD [6# !0<*mr0*<#!5r
Z= lJ,560[+X) l=]I !*,J$0*%l?{D*lD !H79*'&~'#!
D IL*<*'U>,y6<DJ$*%WSM#HrV !D&(7M !r6#!*,D PD#!5
<**D !LD#P` !<*DXO#!*' <P*"#PN"*>o+L[/+
6<'>o 92# !+#!*oD< !5M*/1 PD' !*<#!D > !/0<**9 #!
=#|79D !$L%qe8p5'#!4^p*6# >qrDr6#!55,D>s"*>q !*D#!
#!N D !#!XDO;0# !*JV/+[D#PR5 !<c<=*"D#P0%
" #4 != PDD !9DII !5I !#!H#!{=nXCILD#!*6#!UD>;N'#!I
$0J.`2# !+#!V !<#! >"#!5IL5,>6%
-
OD#PD#!V0#!5,5*"p#!. 7d !qE6#! !XDd5&
#!5,5*=G9 J2>2#!*#!KUo<PO$0*%CA#|7M !$6&~*XD+
StateGeopolitical
abbrev abbrev
GS
population population
name name
Province TERRA
pop
name Geography
c=GS,..., link=dn:(c=Province, dc=top),
area area
link=dn:(r=name,c=Province,c=GS,ou=srcSchema,...,dc=top)
link=dn:(c=Province, dc=top), c=TERRA,..., Admin_Div
±¦øZ¯-°±ä{ùrå(æ¯K«#ú%úûü±5±®±°±®m**t±®ýC±((±(þ^åÿ°± äo±¯D°²×åL°²
Server mirkwood
name: has_capital objectClass: alias
objectClass: referral
aliasedObjectName: r=capital,c=terra,
ou=srcSchema,o=LGAccess,dc=top ref: ldap://shanghai/r=capital_city,c=gs,
ou=srcSchema,o=LGAccess,dc=top r=capital
Server shanghai
r=capital_city c=country
gs.srcSchema.LGAccess..top
c=country
terra.srcSchema.LGAccess..top
cn=has_capital
cn=Country
Body.Ontology.LGAccess..top
±Ñû%å@±0¬FX®m¯l°±«!±*¯C±!Q²^åm°5X°^å(æ±®*±V°^^å ±-^åG&û
0*,.U P 7M !$L%"9XD$0c#!O#!*VIXD P#! IX #!#!
D#!A7J5; 0*CE5 !<*;<P*"#PN"#!*' {#P6G^O#!
#|7M !$"<D.+L;D>o65$1"#!5,#! J6#!`R,5c<*<*I&
#!F/0=7#! !5,5.#!;cDl$0*%
?{{ !,1D P{#![6#! !I !#PD#!QH$0{7J*Q"\6 >o2&
r#!y#!O2>2#!Vd34:A?Bd II !5<Px;X,q*
DXQ"D #A != P[;\0'#!R+<5%[:; !, #!K\6 >.*/5D&
#!5sq R2>2#!*V4#! ,m$0R7u#!. !U#!"6>
,5+XDF\0 !*9IL ) ! `/1= 9#!{56#!5,> 7J'#! #!*' 9< !&
ILX,`5 !<*c*/1*4\6 !*JQK !U#!/1*'>.*2>o54%
, !.tI !D/0`Q, PDI<Dd !*I !*0#P#!5p{#!"7d*>
4] IC0#!5,>cX{#!C<* !IL5X,J5 !<*^<P"D#P
!d !*D#!`+6>R CL#!d$KD## !+#!**%H9d]<#^IL*<*'&
n<D#!ODF#!*;## !+#!M #!{34:A?Bq2#P<#!
U P, *6#MD4 ^,5*, PDI<A] IcE(_l] I
Gl#!c+LJ
#! o#!cIXDIL JJ,5/1*V
, !
%
6. QUERY PROCESSING
aBlD#!y J
-
!*<5 *D#!o) {5 !*,`0
=#!c
º¾yÎÏ.ÐT¿1ÂÅ*µ0¶ ·¾¸
%"b.2#[acbV3r\0 >,",XD,5*
!N+'#;5Q#!IyDMaBlD#!yo< !ND,5,5%[9Kf^gNhi*è
ijk*ky2>2#!* IIL #!.\6 >,pTa;BlD#!T+6>T*I>,r
,56#!'>O 0'nX"/1 !V#!
1Pú1¸U¹6Ò6Ì'¿1º=Ã
# PD#! /1*'&
ILVDAKIXD #{D#![f{ÊLijkI !
¡
<#R
%
#!= ! !5^#!V #P&~D !"D#!5@R34:A?B 56#!,5*
*/1= PH2#!<#[a;bV3x6<* *6#!{&d#!*' [<P*"#P"&J<Dq+L
*.+6>o#!;2>2#!* D A/5DD#!, aBlD#!.\0 !*d#! ]0# P<#
!**/6#{#PK) !
¸U¹·R¼2·*Ì'º1¸(·¿ ÎAÏVÐx¿1ÂÅ*µ0¶ ·¾X¸´
%
6.1 XPath into LDAP Query Translation
9= !K !c#|79 ,D !5IJ#!XD#{<DQ"$1[C0#!5,>QU&
'#!5W#!sf^gNhiXijk*kW2>2#!V%
¢
s !sD !"D#!5
!<= !N7Jyy#N+2#PD6#!UD>m<D !O+L#N#!O"&
#!<[*<= !I#!5dDl*6#!'#!*{{*<= !+L*O+6> #!;6#!55,D>VDX
79w PD#!= V+Ly!D#!2nXw7J'#!r$0XvD`
Ľ(·»
<*56#P&
,`'>O2# !<#! PF** *6#!dl#!c"VDXO$5**I,N#!
6#! !XD9>15#NJ#!o/07 D< !5`/1 P9'Z !*6#` !<*
X O56#!55,*O# PDIX !*6#O#!W#!*V%9tD#! o, !I
<**{ !PDII<D#!57J" !K6#! !*2#!*.V#![ #PD&
#P.nX#!;t#!
¾X¸Â1Ì'Â!À>.
%Ne~#;79W+LK<*R#!V\6 >
!*D#!*xacbV36<* 0#!`Xr#!V,+XD #P&8 !"#!5
+L#c#!* qR !"#+##!c6$0K'¨ <*'#c*[
2#P Ppa;bV3w56#!55,D>p 0*9XpQI !IL `D,5,.D
<<**,V'#[c<*<**/1*y+6>Q#!`*"D6#!<
-
*+t<* N'#|>6%
0
5
D A#!;5,55,"7M !$o5V<5UD#!,o
I !IL A\6 >",5,5c) A #PD&8#P%
a;Bl#!mDKOIXD#!&~ !*6#!WD,5,oF#[#! I !5IL= R79*>
#!V\6 >ym6#!55,D>m*< !I#!5F%"9NacbV3@6#!55,D>W# !*
<DD#`' !*<#!'>m+L"*q#!t !/1osaBlD#!s\6 >mD,1D2#
oacbV3t2#PD<*5%He82#!F679AI !IL5#!K;D
ÎAÏVÐpĽ·»
*< !I#!y
%A*<59#!.56#!55,D>x 0*{6*"#o]0&
I<#!'>s<*X"2#PD<*O#PV) !5acbV3w6<* 0#![+L*,
6#!*,D PD#!%de8#{I !/0*{`ID##! !.) AI<P$, IO#!5R#P
%5%4acbV3r/7c47J<Pq[*<*y7J'#!
Ú6âãÜDî6æDãäå0ÜÝ
#PD,5
"#!{56#!5,>oIL*<*'nX<*D#!5yE<5%|%
,5 !
GP%Ce8 #!M7d*>66)
º5ÅPÅP·´!´!½¾6ÀW¸U¹·O¿1º5¸º
qfMgKhiXiXjk*kF#!` !"#!5m !<=
) !KD#!*[o\6 >V+0>.,o#!R/0=7 ["IX##! !4%
D [
=]D I`E !<**LG^acbV3W/7c*
,5 ![¦%
Ú1å6àÛ1ß6æDÞ1ì6ü0Ý5Ú>1å6àDÞ0à1ð6âDîâ5ä5æ1ð 1ã1îâDî1üÝ
Ú>Û6àñ1ã6î1ß1ü6Ý ?>??
Ú1ä5æß;6äàë6å6ø1Ý5ÚDìæ6Ü>;1ä5æDÞâDî6æ1ð1ø1Ý1Ú1âã6ë0åÞ;Dëæî6å6ø6Ý1Ú5ø1Ý
ÚÚî6æî6å1å1àDÞà1ð6âîâ1ä5æ1ð5Ý
Úãæ*çå6ø5Ý1ÚDÞàDÞ5ñð1æîâàDãø1Ý1Ú5æß6å6æ1ø5Ý1Ú1æ6ß1å1á0ø1Ý1Ú6ø1Ý
Ú5ø>1å6àDÞ0à1ð6âDîâ5ä5æ1ð 1ã1îâDî1ü0Ý5Ú1ø>1å6àDÛ1ß0æDÞ6ì6ü6Ý
±-ä"±*¯D°²± ^åÿ"«$ &
¢
O#!c#! {5X)
º1Å!ÅP·´P´!½¾1ÀV¸U¹·K¶`·*¸º©8¿5º1¸º
Qf^gNhi*è
ijk*kV,sa;Bl#!4JW2# P,56#D 7d Pw79*>x #!s\6 >p#!
X !'>,R 0*lE(34:A?BMGP1 !*,5D PdF#! D<*2>6#PD]%
?{OaBlD#!O\6 >`#!D#{ !/1*9+LD#!40#!AX !'>,K 0*
D9#!K !*D#!y2#P<*"#P.t#!*' [ #PD&8D#POW34:A?B
6#!55,^ !\6' !*CA,0#!'>N'Z !*6#HD, !'#!7J*K# PD2&
#!m0#!V34:A?Bw) !5©#!`5 qv
#!D#RN#R+L*2#
2# P#!.#! !,5.V=]D I5%
«{¬4®m¯l°±{ø +ÆH»^·9º=Ã5ÃÌ.¸U¹·9º1ÌÀ1Â5¼P½¸U¹0¶¸Âc¸U¹·LÆÂ1ÌÌ'Â5»C½¾1ÀdÎfJº1¸U¹
3*µ·¼/. d~´=·!·Zª¬15º5¶AÃLÌ·NÙJÆÂ5¼[¸U¹·Rº6ÁÁ¼·Ä½º1¸(·¿.´0.¾¸º21g
"!$#&%('*) +-,
-.0/&1
,
1$2ô µ 3422n-5¢/£¢7698:2;8</=6
/?>@8:6
,
 £¢/£AB6½2C8a¢-1®zT >>>>
µ¼ ]IX#!LUI Å!Â5¾ÄD·¼=¸Â5¼ÃL¼|¿5µÅP·´9¸U¹·d¸¼2º¾´PÌ'º1¸(·¿Ð4×{³f3*µ·¼/.
)
E:DHFEcG
»¹·¼·
D
½)´d¸U¹·¶`º½¾%3*µ·¼/.Ç
E
½´J¸U¹·A¼2·
¾L·¶`·¾X¸
3*µ·¼/.NÑ~ÒHG|ÔÇMº5¾¿6
D ) E,
1CEJI¢¢-2!GLKM.0ANO2CI-K
EJ1Pe ) Q3422R5¢/£¢R6S8<2C8</=6)6GG/
E ) E, 1CE:3422R5¢/£¢R6S8<2C8</=6(GLK¢-1M6M6JK
E<T`EJ1Pe ) £*¢5£A6½2C8a¢R16G=E^H69A4zT >>>6GGGVU
6.2 Query Reformulation
?J ! R7J'#!N#!d 0*,A !"D HDXK7J'#!N#!da;BlD#!
6#!p34:A?B\0 >p# PU#! A79yD !t7} !50>@#!s#P<P$0
#!OI !5+ DX,t,55+J\6 !**%qe|s,* PD9#! ! *
q\0 >pIL ) ! p5x#!.0#!5,>@N2# +L. !) !KD#!
6#!p5 !<*&~*/1*[\6= !*% 0*@ RD¦
) QD#! VD#P
U P 7M !$0J#!XD#{D IILD #{\6 >" !) !ND#!5F%
e8q c) PD 79D !$L#!`\0 >t !D !NU#!5q#PD$y0/1/5*
!=7d !#!,m#!VD !,X;\0 >sD !NU#!@/1= o#!V56#!,>
6#!V,&~5 !<O\6 !*[+0>t#PD$,V0#!V<*<*6#[#!`6#!&
,5<<*52# !<#!
õ
#!$.## !+#!*J.+LD#!eupy2um>qj2JDX ½psm**
õ
#!s"6#!<s*<= !I#!5rE+L<5<*I#
¢
8[0/1= !
¢
|
%%%'GPX
õ
#!M6#! &~0#!5,>[ !*#!IJE2>56> ¢ |6>IL !6>0&
|6>IL56> =G
#P !*,c K'#!IdacbV3V6<* 0#!HDX` !{*<
¸U¹·
<*2# !<=#![#!D#R !`/5*2#!,1D#!*WD N\6 >Q !D !NU#!5m
#! *\0*%
D R] I5#!"\6 >
"!$#&%('
p_l]D I`
D !NU#!V !*D#!/1[#!o#![acbV3s/0=77Jt
, !`¦0%
e8#[;# PDD#!W6#!.34:A?Bv>U,O#! \6 > %Ne|y P=
#![I !6<*9<P"[\0 >K" ^2>2#!V1#!Wm˽pAº4x>skjnmA,5D&
!'#! *I<#!*O
,5 !RRJ%H9c#PJl*<PV2#!*I
l#!c, !'#!D !c,/1*V+L*7c%
Relevant Source Discovery.
<*^#!M<*2#CLD<*<**,[) !"D#!.5 !<*;/1 M#!#|7M !$ d,5n<6#0#!A"
5I#! *D#!5pZ= !rR#!o *D#!5sDA#!O0K+L R
]0#! !c) !"D#! !<**O#!XD#.**w#!r+LW<*<*
P J#! 279 J#![\0 >6%
9J$KI !5IL= #|>KFIL56#!,c#!;#!JXD *IXD<*d<*0#PD
5O#!;!D ; AN'Z !*6#J !/1 {{K#PD+c D9#! *'&
*,5D#!K#!N\6 >V<*6#!]0#;]I !Q+0>XNH.R#! #!R7<*5&
#!]0# 0*YN5H.2MZC[ 'M\ &c5.IL `<Px6<D)]0#! !XD{ !/5D0#
5 !<*5%x9 <#!*,5D >@D;$0`` !) !r#!q{k2nm·>tµyQ]*%
90*HNH.M^_8<1a`QbPEJN5H.2MbcN5H.2MZC[
'M\
G9J*O#! #!;#!c]2&
#!*<* {.<5*<#!5q+L#|7M**m*6#!'#!**NH.-^d8<1a` b U !5©#!
56#!,>rDXeNH.MZC['M\ U !5 y !<*o*/1*d<P*"sE:c9:[GP%
0#!Ix o6*[#! *6#!n<D#!sJ#!` !**/6#R5 !<**R) !5
`,5/1Q#PN !*IL5'#! >6%9e8#{/55/1*J] ,N#! k2nmstµyQ]
6<U#!O7J'#!"#!fN5H.2A*6#!#8>"IILD !,N X"]0# P<=#&
, #!c< !*ILX,O52#AD !"D#!5gNH.M^_8<1a` bU>*¢.02b D
D<=VD#!©EJ8 ) >ODGP%
D C5 C=]D I9\6 >[R#!M,55, PDI<J 0*0*I<#!
,5 !c#!; !*#!,`#{Zk2nm·>tµyQ]{{d)57J
^dh
#
ZCi
)
MN5H.2M^d8<1j`E:3422n-5¢/£¢7698:2;8</=6AFklI¢Q8<1$/G/
NH.M^_8<1a`E:3m2A2n-5¢5£¢R6S8<2C8</5H6QFn
,
Po8:1 pY8aG
,5/0,o&2n&I-ILqH.DRDd#!;#{Dl !**/5D6#J5 !<**%
Query Decomposition.
9A\6 >`*<* IL5'#!5 0/15/1*nX,R#!;=#ADC5 !<*c*/1*FD !<P. !\6*2#!
ZLrc[ ) b¬ b ) EJNH.-bF.&/5¢5£-bnVs@8:6S2&IMb|G/L8 ) >OD
<Pq#!D#[D<=mDd#! <* IL5*6#!*N5@.1d.0/5¢5£1Xts@8;692n&I
w#!t !,5R\6 >
.+2#!'#!#!v+6>x#!O<* !IL5X0&
,QD6<*D#!5dN5H.2 b4.&/5¢5£ bXus@8:6S2n&I b y#!` !<* */5*
<P*"#PK !*IL*<#!/1'>6%^9cI !6<**{l+2#!'#!#!,` !,5
NH.{Xv.0/5¢5£J^# !/0#!$0l#!;#!{D, *"D6#!<H#!
#!k2nm·>tµyQ][## !+#!A+L*, '#P+[D A#!A$0X.DH"I&
I,KDXN#!{*2>`D"DXD,5,[DX`I !6<*,[#!5{$0M
34:A?B%
9d"
¡
D MID #HL#!d, !'#!uDH7J'#!NnX,A#!9n'&
#! H<* IL50#CD'#!^<#!`\6= > b1%5%Hs@8:6S2n&I b %H6#!*I
!<**9#!nX'#! {D#!;D !,5XD\6 > #!Ys@8:6S2n&I&wVx
%
+0>" '#&
#!,y9I !<#!*`,Q7J'#!s&~56#!,5<DJD## !+#!**
%5%X/c<P*<P$0,NI !<#!**%^9*.#{*/D#!*d#!{\6 >
/1 ;#!N0#!5,>6F,5 !,O R 7JN#!N]2#!*<N^#!
!'>,o5 !<**[t#!*' c<P*"#P%K9R !*'#[[o=#
N&.0yI-q&2c.VDND&8<*
º1Á´=Â5̵¸(·s¸º5¼À6·*¸o·¾X¸¼P½(·´
%z9W$
D## !+#!* D,5*@5p#!V*6# !**M<*×jnkmj·>tµyQ] D !
IX ![#!*' lDUDRXDD !) !c*6# !* !^]0# PD<#!
`6#!*I
D#!M,5D !'#!V%
-
M<D0<=R*6# !*
ÃÂ1¸(·¾¸½º1̸º¼©
À6·*¸´
<*^#!>[A2#!0#4 !*I !*6##!CnX1#PD !,#!79H79 !
65$0,y "D !,5XD'>6%x9>r !V*6# !*N)5rp#!O,5*&
PDX<*56#!]0#5(%5%l7J'#!5#E>6#G4#P$0,c6#!c<* P#!5 #!
<*0#!=]#^DH !*2# !<#!*`+0>[#!"NH.{IL*<n<D#! `#!d !,5
\6 >D#!>R+L*,#!{#!9 !<*d<P*"#PD#H#!{#!9 !<*
·mj ) EJNH.c.0/¢/£Vs@8:6S2n&I1GmZk4spks x2mw%qp>mp2mj´2mpyjnpsp>Yl1$2Õµ*ky2
3$ZC[
'
V3 ZCrF[ mj´2mnm5jNpËDprx>½umÑnu>´2m>ºkjlkprx>½umZkjlk¸mq>muj0t2msÕ
h¸iHÏa |>Õôtnup2m^tµy2{½msmkyjNnpx>½umfh
Ëp>mNH.Óy2 j´2mnmjNpË»stUyQ]^ h#
ZCi r5x2u>´Zj´kj³
^_h
#
ZLi ) MN5H.2M^d8<1j`Qb!EJNH.LN5@.MZC[
'-\
G» RNH.Q l1$2!FNH.-Z;[
'M\
3$ZC[
'M\
c8 ) cPt
h¸iHÏaÕtµy2tUy2¸j´2mmjNpËDk2npsUxjmjlk½>mjh
h7 ½mx2umj5´2mÓsjnm2_5-tnuk½tµy2 kyÑk>sUx2mZupy2j/ktµyjnrmÕrÕ{E^=6SAÑzT >>>1Glh
s@8;692n&I wVx % ) E , A/0E:s@8:6S2&I6G
wVx
%4)
EJNH.V.0/¢/£Fs@8:6S2n&I&wVx
%G
=N0.0yIMq&2c.
)
8<1
,
yIMq&2c.1E
wOx % Fl1$2!G
)
2N&.0yI-q&2O/0UUUµ0=N0.0yIMq&2J0UUUµ0=N0.0yIMq&2L{QU
h¸iHÏaÕtµy2tUy2¸j´2mmjNpËôq>pjnm>yjltk>sjlk½>m5jnh
h¸k2nxº#mj5´k2j¬Ëp>¡mku>´4k2ck½>mjrj5´2m½mm5Ð>tAjnk2j#ºpj_py2m q>pjck½>mjq>m¬½msµÕ¡npx>½umh
Ëp>Dmku´Ñ=N0.0yIMq&2 eN&.0yI-q&2L.Óy2 j´2mnm5jNpËôstµyQ]^ %S# rcOi% rx2u´4j5´k2j³
^ %S#
rFOi
% ) &2I-q&2C^_8<1a`
b
E^N&.0y=IMq&2J^£*¢R2;yIMq&2LZC['-\ G_ N&.0y=IMq&2Jfl1$2/
£¢-2CyI-q&2CZC[
'M\
g3$ZC[
'-\
^£*¢R2;yIMq&2LZC[
'-\
E^7
%S
l?
%S
GQU
h¸iHÏaXrÕN¶¬xtstUy2 j´2mnpx>½um-sm2m2srnmk½u>´ ½m0 x2mjh
ZLrc[ ) 5
Ëp>Dmku´NH.-^d8<1a`Qb_^_h
#
ZLiR
h4pxqknm>·tUyQ] )jnkmj·>tµyQ]Ñj5´2m¸´2p>jôj´2mmspy2 jnp¡h
£¢R2;y=IMq&2LZC['M\ ) 5
Ëp>¡mk2u>´£¢-2CyIMqM2CZC['M\ ^ %S#
rFOi
%
tËdEU£¢-2CyI-q&2CZC[
'M\
U>*¢7.&2(
%4) ) N5H.2MZC[
'M\
U>r¢.02ChGJ
£¢R2;y=IMq&2LZC[
'M\ )
£¢R2;y=IMq&2LZC[
'M\$¢
£¢-2CyI-q&2CZC[
'M\
h4m>y2mk2jmÑk%y2m?£ænprx>½um-sm2msrnmku´½m0 x2mjky2ktj_jnp
ZCrF[ h
b )¤ A@8;6, 3D¢-AI-/ A&IR¥E LN5H.2M^d8<1j`Qbna£¢-2CyIMqM2CZC[
'M\
GJ
ZLrc[
)
ZLrc[
¢ b
½mjx>Ay
ZLrc[
)
§¦
0UU¨Uµ
x
±ª©Ñú ±!AD®°*år°°®
ûo°°®{zc«¸°^(¡ù5±@| ±2²zF|}_¬m®¯H°f±F²³B´?}aµm¶·V¸*m¹ºa¯H·?VO»&?
·mj b ) EJN5@. bV.0/¢/£ bVs@8:6S2n&I bG#>m#j´2mnpx>½um¸sm2msH x2m2½Ñjp«mËprxy2Õ
NH.-b ) NH.MZC['M\
.&/5¢5£ b )
.0/¢/£ hh¸0tµº4q>s4p2m9£^tjm-tj
s@8;692n&IMb ) 5
£*¢R2;yIMq&2 ZC[' \ ) l£¢-2CyI-q&2Z;[' \¨ M¼ ) F1
˽p>¡mk2u>´"E^H½¸¢5£{½0Ggs@8:6S2&I¸pË
h ½m>q>skumZ7½£Ntj´Ñj´2mup>Q½m5q>py2tµy2pry2mËa½prº:j´2m¸qpjLk½mjnfh
A-|
p"
Óy2QE^R
%9
l?
%S
G-£¢R2;y=IMq&2LZC[
'M\¨
£#´2m½mÑR
% )
H½
tËdEE^H½¸¢5£e % G +Xs@8:6S2n&I bGJ
s@8;692n&IMb
)
s@8:6S2MIMb
¢
E^H½¸¢5£{0
%
GJ
;¾ ¾
£#´tsm EU£¢-2CyIMqM2CZC[
'M\
Gd
½mjx>Ay"EJN5@.MbnV.0/¢/£MbnVs@8:6S2n&IMb8G
D±¿Ñú ±!QD® °*åpX°*°®{z0À_ÁÂÃÄHÅBÆHÁ=Ç;ÈMÉQÊlÁQÉQÇ<Ë ¯25±(±@
t
a a
a
capital capital
b
relevant sources
t t
ÌRÍ&ÎÏ?ÐÒÑ ÐÎÓÒÔ?Õ?Ö
Í&×Ô:Ñ(Ø:Ù Ô:Ú0ÛÜ
Ô?ÝÞ
Þ
query
has_capital
ßßß
has_capital
has_capital
has_capital has_capital
has_capital
t t - base entries
- target entries
t
absolute targets final targets targets
local remote
ontology
àáJââãä9å
has_capital has_capital
b
query
ÎÓÒÔ?Õ
ÖÍ Ú?æç:è
ÛÓÙÖ Ø:Ù
Ô:Ú0ÛÜ Ô ÝÞÞ
query
Ì ÏÍ ÎÏ ÐÑ
ÐÎé ÎÓÔ Õ?Ö ÍÙ
ç?ê ÓÜ
æë ØÙÔÚ ÛÜ
potential targets
ßßß
b b
b b
country_capital province_capital
Ì ÔÍ ÎÏ
Ô ÐÒÑ ÐÎÓÒÔ?Õ?Ö
Í ÙÔÚ ÛÜÔ ÝÞÞ
b
±ìѯ4°±Q¯25±0±r(^å!{å×D±!QD® °råÿ±5±å*
D#P0%o0#!*IyV;#!N,52#R9#!`, !'#!t#!`5N#!X#
+{#!R5 !<K*/1D !<Pt !\6*2#!*%?{U#! #!k2nm·>tµyQ]
DX.#!Ñjnk½>mj·tUyQ]*{D !R, !ILV+6>o#!km·tUyQ]*A<*< P,
#!"#!R2##!>Q+L*5,o#!L#!>QD !N0#;#!N !,5 *6#!
#!O#!ví
µ0½Ì'¿ÍXÂ5µ0¼2ÅP·>,9µ·¼/.
<#!5vE<%8%
,5 !o1G{7J<=q
#! !m,5 P#!*`. !) !KD#!q\0 >Wn'#!5sq#! ! [D
'#!C*6# !*D H<P«k2nm·>tµyQ]%le|6#! !*2#!,#!M79*>R#!<&
#!o !) !KD#!*9#!{n'#! d<* IL50#
d*<Pon#!= dI !0&
<#!KE^H½¢/£%7½0G 1#^,5 P#!*Mc<*D !*IL5,cI !<#!
E^H½#¢/£ ?
%
GP%le8#!^#£¢-2CyI-q&2LZ;[
'M\
DLIL#!*6#!6#P !,5#!C<*&
#PD !o#!XDr £*¢R2;yIMq&2LZC[
'-\
*6# !**M#!*r) "D<=
£*¢R2;yIMq&2LZC['-\ ÿ£¢-2CyI-q&2LZ;['M\ y<* !IL5X,qI !<#!
E^H½#¢/£
%\¨ G4C,5* PD#!*K'L'#H'Z !U !5#!95*l,5* PD#!*
U !5#!HI !*/05*£¢-2CyI-q&2CZC[
'M\Sî
0U0U0U^£¢-2CyI-q&2LZ;[
' \(ïcð@î;ñ IL&
#!0#!D9#PD !,5=#!*%r?d#K#!o*XC#!" !*'#!,yI !<D#!*K
,/1*¸£*¢R2;yIMq&2LZC['-\ D !A !*D#!"7J#!o#!A+L65.T;NIL &
#! %
e8V5 <*5DII>, 0#!*I6
XV`C#![D,5 !'#!)
#!
È
jÉLÉXÊsDXQ#!cQ5 !<**;7J<PWD !`0#!'nt; !*'&
/5D0#Jt6#!*IW !*'#!JQ*<5 IL5,N#!;D !,5XD9E,55+)G
\6 > 6#!N#!7J, !<*c*/5*\6 !*9 !*IL*<#!/1>
ò iCrVr
#ó) E, 1CEJ2n&IRIBUI¢¢R2GLKM.&A@N?2CI2-K6EJ1Pe ) klI¢Q8:1$/5GG/
E, 1CE<klI¢Q8<1a/GLK¢-1M6-6(K
E<T`EJ1=P{ ) £*¢5£FG=E^=6SAZzT >>>>6GG
*ôaõö) E,
1CE(qH.UI¢¢-2!GLKM.0ANO2CI-K1EJ1Pe
) n ,
Po8:1 pY8aGG/
E,
1CE<klI¢Q8<1a/GLK¢-1M6-6(K
E<T`EJ1=P{
)
£*¢5£A6½2C8a¢R1G=E^=6SAz >>>6GGG
* XtE~<#!5
G^#!X#d$09 ! J#!R#!0# !*J<*6#P
;#!H !<*H<P*"#PD#4#!9#!HD#P9 !<*H*6# !**%l9 !&
) !5#!C#PD$D !*' !*<#!,d#!H,*= PD#!; !<*&~*/16\6 !*
U !5 #!N !<*`<P"D#P #!O#!R !*IL*<#!/1N#PO5 !<**c
D IXD #{D#!; !) !KD#!5.I !6<***%
«{¬4®m¯l°±¨§CÂ5¾´P½¿6·¼[¸U¹·¸3*µ·¼/.
÷ bZ
%d) EJ/?1
)ùø
¢RA1$2;IR¥l¢
)¤
¢ ,
¥¢RA
)
l1$2¢R6½¢-q¥
¢ )
^5lnú/?/-.M.>
, / ) 2¢/£
KY.0AN?2;I>2§KOEJ1=P{
)
>r@. /2£8<2=6(GG
À5½)ÄD·¾¸U¹º5¸ ¸U¹·t¹º5´ Å!º=ÃX½¸º1ÌlÆ=¼|ºÀ5¶ ·¾¸`ÂÆtÂ5µ0¼t¶`¿6·*Ì{½´Qº5´Q½¾
ØF¹·Ñd8¿1·©wgÅ!Â5¶AôP½¸½Â5¾Q¸¼|º1ÅP·ÂÆJ¸U¹0½´N3*µ·¼/.R»C¼=¸(ÕF¿½üA·¼2·¾X¸¸º¼À6·*¸
¸¼·!·´oº5¾¿y¼2·*̷ĺ5¾X¸;´PÂ5µ0¼2ÅP·´"½´K½Ì̵0´P¸¼2º1¸(·¿q½¾qÖH½'À5µ¼2·XýÇJÀ5½Ä½¾6À
º5¾O½¾´!½ÀD¹¸½)¾X¸Â`¸U¹·¼2·ÆÂ5¼P¶NµÌ'º1¸½Â¾Qº1ÌÀ1Â5¼P½¸U¹0¶u½¾`À6·¾X·¼2º1ÌLº5¸H¸U¹·
´Pº5¶ ·R¸½¶ ·Õ
6.3 Query Answering
?}=#.D[0o+#PD@U !5¥*/X#!,pvaBlD#!@]0&
I !sm5 N2>2#!*©Km P !y<*5*<#!5pDJ0
»C½¸U¹q¿5µÃ̽Å!º1¸(·´
%
* XQ#!X#;#!`aBlD#!
<*5 *#!
IL*<*'n<D#!5`n[+6>R#!
- 7
]IL*<#!CK ! !K<5'&
*<#!5QDC0*
»C½¸U¹0Â5µ¸
I<D#!*AD#J#!; !*'#A#%d?{J !=&
,1 PJ#!cD P !,#![fMgKhiXiXjk*k2>2#!* ,6*+L>15X"#!
!,^a;BlD#!WIL*<*'nX<*D#!5FlW<Dq+L D$1t#!O !#! !q
#!*y<*<#!5mD90*c#;#!R5#!I#+XDyW `#&
# !+#!o/W'
%s:;I<*D#!o0`D !o7J*p ! #!
5;5 !<**J<*0#PD.#! !*\0*2#!o#P%^N X#!;#!*V
#!A !*'#J0*JD !]IL5"#!K#!A57J, 0'n<D#!5
ú ±åX®c^å
9oD## !+#!*c#!XD#NyIILD Km#!o\6 >
î0æDß1Û6å5î>áâã>ÜÜ
#!q"DI@+<P$s) !5 #!V !<*V*/5*
X IX<M6#!{#!M56#!,>R/16<D+U >6%e8R#!M<D9
_C] I
X !*#0*2#!* ,N) !#!
Èfþ ÿ ÿ
h
5 !<H !*I<*H#!*' lD<#!XD*ykºmHD## !+#!C/5D**upxy
j/w ukqtjnksDX q½ptµy2um ukqtjlk>s'7J#!´k2 ukqtjlk>s'#!5
2#!* ,[) !5 #!ÑoDiO5 !<*c !*ID<*Zukqtjlk>s07J'#!
´k ukqtjlk>sDd79*%
O±*±>årú ±*±>å»
:;I<#!**`%5%`0# !*t7J'#!#!
! m/5E=Go t#! ksx2msD## !+#!s !sU*6#!'nX%
?A 5,9#!*V#!5C#!X#<5 C) !5T#!C !<*^+L*/1
#!o+LR ![ !*+OEI&~#!D&8D#!GJ !N<P54%c9R !2#
{<*D P*F/55,K !XD6#d !*'#A#P%
?
º1¸
D279= ;#NE2#GdH0*6*#{n#{#![ D^'&
P !<=<*'>" !,1D* <*<#!5dDFacbV3Q#Pc #!
-
!
-
-
*+4%:;V#!s'#!o PD !<P<D;XD *IXD<*5A34:A?BY
D>.'#P+; A",,N#!;# !&~, P0U A27M A#!*%
/1*q#! D) !* 0#!m !,5 *6#!*79o !R]0#c#!
I !+*D9+#P,O# !*;9*I#!r ND#c#!N5#!I#;^#!
2>2#!*}#!D# !D #!Oo< #PW*,D !*K#!K<*<*I#&( !5K !=&
D#!5I{56#!55,**%d9D#{ *#!; A$0d A
<*<**I#'#!<P !*sE !=GAD !KOD##P<P*Q#! #![ !'#
R79*JDK#!"D#! K7d*>m !5X%y9ND !"D#K{ !#! !,
7J'#!WN'#!5 !<*`) !"#!44I !*= !/,VD#c#!`! R#!
#!V6#!*Xs I<#8>E,0#879*,0#GKD; oII !5<P49&
!p ,Q#! !N+6>W#!"2>m ¤ !,y !*'#!K) !
#!;*&~ !*%H9*[I !#!5{+L<*5 ;IL= !<**/5D+cO#!
=]D I;+L*7c%
?{,1DFLD #![<DNDH#!K0#PD#!*5IL'#!<DH=]D I5D<&
< P,#!
,5 !d5#!d#C$0d^t5XR` P;DX c
!<*[#! ! *A#!D#;#!ND279= [#c ò iLrFr# DXV#!X#
D
ôaõ
D !.#!y+LV !,s5r#!ykº#mo0mEO#!O
, !
#!XD#RnX* ykºmK[$1>XGP%`?A[o !'#[d<=
R !,5{5IL= PD#!5F#!ijnk2jm2omprqpstjltuk>s0&8I#! # !**d !
<5 IL5*ODJ*I<=#!
,5 !K 0%
5 IX !,[#!/0U0&
j½ptµy2umD279= M#^
ò iCrVr# #!,5#! H7J#!`#!D#H
*ôaõ
7J'#!`#!{<5N+-ijlkjnmoDmprqpstj0tuks1D279= 9#6'#HM+/05
#!D#l#!MD##! H !<= lD l#!d## !+#!¡k2m5{XDD ¬kmk0
) D#{2#{ c#!;# !**JO#!; !'#J#%
6.4 Discourse
/1q#! <* !*6#[2#PD#!"d#!`2>2#!*V7Mo *y#!X#
*<P`$L5+Ld'#Nk2nm·>tµyQ]9D ¡jlk½>mj·tUyQ]5<K+L9IL*<*'nNK#!
skq³hh´2p>Aj0hyQ) !VM7J,m#!o*6# !*`#!W+Lo != !*<**
+6>t#! K2#!,5qXD **%Ì,V$0Rq#!`]0#!*
skq³hh´2p>Aj0hyÇ>q2p/amujltpryÇnuprqm2ÇÓsjnm4) !79ND7rD H
K<PK !<P C7d*>KL !) !*<*,c*6# !*^X[ !*"^DH)#! !
7M !$L%{9R<*Q#!*.+LRVD;` DdD !*/0, #!
2# !<#! PD< !*IXD<**A<= !5{5 !<**%
e8 IL #PD0#M#!`D#!;J#!;#! <* I]'#|>ol J !) !N&
#!s, !'#!V%`9N/1= !W^#!N,5D !#!©R"D'>
<#PD#!V+6>O#!;#P$OC !) !ND#!, #!cn#!= %d:;c#!`#!
D I#!q#!X#K) K<Pþk2ckmj[*6# >6!*>eD J#!*V
#! !"]2#!K#N 2#R5 < !*ILX,×qpjLk½mjcIL R !*&
/6#M5 !<5!> }4#!*V1#M95+0/05^#!XD#^#!A,5D !'#!
^D ^Dy%lD#!J#!D#^<*5 ILKn#!= !^"c\6 >N
#{<DRO< !DRV<5 I]'#|>o+L*<*;#!>OD ![5*'>
K"D##! JDCND#! {+#d#!;34:A?Br\0 >o*,c'#!*'|%
S^**K*<5 IL5'#!5F) #!= c !D !N#!mI !6< !*
#M<*5U !" !AD !{,5 PD#!54IL*<*D#!54/5 &
4J#!<5%^+XD@x#!.56#!55,<;I ! #!/1 $1{x>upry
um>qj0_Ë|Ztµy2m½nm2_Ë|y2pryºNË8;#!<%*r'
) yp#PD*
*< !I#!VCIL*<U>,`#!*<*56# !<=#!{.fMgKhiXiXjk*k%
7. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
?uI !* XD >W/1 !sJ#! 2>2#!*§ND' !50>p/5DD+
DX.I !/,N/1= >OI !5 ,N !'#!*%
= d,5"#!J_l]D I
% -
d D ]<* !I#^#!
U !**'>w/+u 5, PDI6>@56#!55,D>xx#!
-
*+v#
#!X#N<56#PN ,Q#! !RD !"D#!5r+L#K,5*IL&
'#!<[*6#!'#!**;%5%c<*6# !**;2#P#!**c<*'#!**c=#!<5%
D .#!
2#P<KD#P07MRo#!
È
jÉLÉXÊWDXO#!Ñ5+U0#P#!2#!<*
D#Pc5 !<***%
-
{6<#!`#!#*, PI6> 56#!5,>"D^79X
#!
È
jÉLÉXÊ #PA !<*J##!96<Dºt;]O£¡ppc !/1 5[#!
+XU6#PD#!2#!<*RD#P"5 !<* ##!R !* #!4´ky2r´ktX !/1 %
-
n !2#J+ '##!"5[\0 >"IL J !<*c*ID P#!*'>VD{'7M
$07#!KXD ,"<*56#!]0#!D9D<=y^#!R5 !<**[t#!*'
!U#!5IV#!`5 {nXDF,5+XD6#!*5F%H9*F7McIL5.
,5+XD0\6 >;,1D2#l6#! !$1; !<*<P;#!X#d !*'##
*\0L#![#!;5o4#!I !*/05^ !*'#J#!dd5+#P*O+6>
)57J,N#!{6<DX` !* D#!A$09DdI<#!`
,5 !
%
0 !I !,5'>6#!`#! N*W#!V/5DD#!`#! ,55+9\6 >
D !'>.\6XJ#!c C#!;#! *Jo#! */5DXD#![D<=
D#!J,5{5 !<*\6 !*^IXD P#!*'>605A)#! ^#!J#! ^
= !M7J'#!5#M#PD$,[5/6#PD,5*^FIL5+AIXD PD}E*
, !Q 5 GP%QD#!<`#!XD#7J*mIL= ! ,V#!`D ! #!
#!;/+KD#PK !IL5'#! >OAN5,5 { !\6' !%
?A#! F6#! !2#!,J !H#!l#! CIL*6#F7J*c !<=&
,;7J'#!N#!d#879D !$K`<D*C7J !JD#^ !/5 !C<*56#P
) !"D#!V !**/5D6#A#!"D279= c`,5/1Q\6 >6%9?,1DtVU&
nX<<>o{<P*/1"7J*V\0 >,K#!;*6#!' !;=#|79D !$o7J'#!&
5#9+ !15<2#!,[#!\6 >K#![*/5 >N !*IL'#! >60%5%67J#!5#
IL*,N#! #!K<*56#PD<#{ !/5D0#{ !/5 !*%
9K !*#!*<5N+.7J'#!t#!cD<#;#!X##!K2>2#!*
+`#!V I<*'#!>W,5 0R+L,,V#!Q'Z !0#KD279=
# !**l7J'#!#^<* !,; 6>K5'#!57M !$[) ! #!9=
5F"D$1* c2>2#!* yDl<#!KD c#!R!D,5`
I PD<#!<*VD o,55+;\6 >,q<*XD !sDcacbV3D#PWr#!
-
+4%
"! #$%'&(*)+, (-.&%/.+)102+435
35+687289:;&48<,.&=! >@?A ?CBDEF
HG/.)/IG/.+2 JK)L.)'M! N8>@O >@OCBD?P
35+687289 QRG/.)/IG'.+ FDA EOCB?SD
±m²X²*ѯ-°4±eå-Tl®m±¦±VU±®m±åK*åX°²±*±±
8. RELATED WORK AND CONCLUSION
D {#!5; U J7J#!.acbV3H#![\6*2#!5.Dl,
a;3F$DaB56#! ^) MIL*<*')>,c#!J$0^X DI#dD ]2#&
,Qa;bV3w\0 >WUD,X,o#!Q #!*©pQI !IL K79*>
D H6>c,/5*N2# !+#!;#!IL55,D>KDXa;bV3O6<* *6#!4<*5 *
X#! PD(%l?A<#!'>6#! !^#>6#lDKD¨ <*nX#!ND+L5#
#!N6#! !I !#PD#!q^#!`$0;7J*q\0 !*c6<*<* R
2>2#!*£ I* 0#P#!5"#!XD#JIILD #!d$oIL<*'nX<#!JD
\6 >,JR6>79*>6%9
I !5IL*lJ 0*57J !HacbV3 $0
D !R#!,56#A#!o= !/1K#!o,1D#!`o+# !*KD#;#!KIL0#A#!
$`9nX`oR6<* 0#5+#^#!ADII !1<Po M#M5
) !*,.#!` cU !5 #!`'>t# !* *X5c\6 >ynX&
#!5Q#P$OQ<RM`N#! !<*[*0/0' !5 0#RE*K0*<#!5
DGP%H9*<#!*97M*D9#!=¨ <**<=>"#!3F:?ABC&~+XD
2>2#!* #!y2#! !tDXpI !6<** a;bV3D#Pp
r6#! !=#&
7JOIL56#!,t$.E~*<#!x5GR !,5` N#!o*I> *6#
R3F:?ABY2#!5xDc#!Q* = !,5,ma;bV3#!*<P55,Ow
=7dD !cO5 {2>2#!*V%
?A'#!5,w]0#!*/1Q7M !$v.+L*TtT#!yD !p
0,y6#!55,` D#Pt6#!*, P#!4^ 52#R !* !<= !
.,5<&~+XDx,5,5o$1Q*< !I#!v5,5<*t¦ JD
&
34,5<.
D
#!o*< !+L[#!*}Q+L*n#AU !5#!c !,
+'#!*J5,5<;2>2#!* *% ¢ dDII !5<P45"#!A#! dXDX
l9 !*D#!/1*'>[ IH 0*D7J#!Kd<*D 2>6#P];#!X#l7J
o#!@I !/qs'nXvD !"U P 7M !$v#!r+LWvD
+L#!FX0#!5,>Vn'#!5tDX.) !"#!Q0#!, PD#!Q,
#!R2#P PWDXV79*'&~*2#P+q3F:?ABx#!*<P5,>tt#!
=7dD !%
#! ! D !5DH#!J#!H P !<=<*Zç]+M2# !<#! !
d34:A?B79 <Dq/1 >t*'>m6#!*, P#! #['>y2# !<#! !
#P+#cQ* 2# !<#! !yD#P0lDRIILW#!.2>2#!*
$1XWZY\[JkJ
]^k*jÉ8_4jÉ.
#!D#C !M '#![#!J#!H]I !2&
/1 IL79 RDd#!*' R56#!5,>q*< !I#!m,5XD,5*NqD !
5'>"+J#!RD7J'#! !*D#!5FçXD#HnXAD#PD+XD**%H#
*/1K2>2#!* l$1a`bCcFÉdY\et
f]gihZc-^Éjc*k4jÉy'
6 lmc*[XY)k
D7J<=[<*N+H#!H !*5,{<I+'#!*l5,5<92>2#!*
7J'#!m#! ]I !*/1 IL79 K{Dm5+
¡
*<=#&8D !*6#!m 0*^D !
+.#!m*< !+LVacbV3#PJD XD#! P'>@`79Vq@5
2>2#!*V%w9Q<P$rD[W# !*=&8$1V 0*,q2# !<#! !O !<*
#!}#!."DItacbV3@6#!Om #!'nX<*H2# !<=#! !N#cID #!<*&
D !'>R79*'&~'#!K) H<PK,D PI*57J !D^ C 0l+
area
name
area name
value=ENG oc=XMLAttribute name=name value=Bayern
value=10973700 value=70546
value=47100000 value=Nordrhein Westfalen
value=17816079 value=34077
value=England oc=XMLElement
StateGeopol. oid=cn=5,cn=4,...,cn=Terra,...,dc=top
StateGeopol.
value=Bayern
StateGeopol.
oid=cn=8,cn=4,...,cn=Terra,...,dc=top name=area
value=70546 order=3 population
population
population value=BAY
name
abbrev
abbrev
±m²onZ¯-°±{D±±° (**
rt# !*o2# !<=#! !"#!XD#K !**K+*K#!D#NAacbV3H%
È
kY\[X[XY)k
'
0 !**d#!cD+L/1c=nX<**<**J+0> #PD$0,`R D ADI&
I !1D<=m#!t5 !*CXD *'>q,V#!
¢
_^b¥ 0*^#!t*< !+L
*D#!K/7J^N5 !<***0D^IILN#!;5 93F:?ABC&~+
D#P 0(7J<PQZ !*L+6>.*,4'#!5+Ln#!A&
!/1*.+6> #!;D#! !cD#![3F:?AB@' !*<#! >o !/0<***%
05 A#!= JII !1D<=**$1K
;a;bV3WD9#!*' J<*`&
x 0*9D .D#Pq=]<PXD,Q@6#!*, P#!4J+#"5D#
<5 J#!;56#!55,*{{O6#!*,D PIX #J#!2>2&
#!V%
¢
A34:A?Bl&~+X*V 0*XV#![#! ;FXI !/*
* * 6#!*, P#!r7J'#!r56#!5,5*op:;9:;*^7J<=@'&
7J{d#!N<DR {2>2#!* +L#!FD#J#!; !<*c*/5*DXV#
#!c J*/5*%
Conclusion.
e8`#!9IXDIL 679{X/1{I !*6#! OII !1D<=) .<*5K+,qacbV3DXx0#!5,5*.6#!sm'nX*v34:A?Bl&
+[) PD 79D !$[#!D#lI !/*CA<* 5R\6 >,{6#! D<*
#!AacbV3OD#PA+0>; lLIL79= =#|79D !$6&|*79D !9$0#!X#
D#PD#!A56#!5,5*{"IL0#^#!R#!A2#P<D#Pc#!K+LJ !&
# !*/5F%C?w\6 >`*/D#!5 2# P#!*,>`#!D#^IIL #!^#!^*
K]I*mp#P%/1*m#!o+\6'#|>yDAa;bV3v5m#!
-
*+4H `2>2#!*7Jd+LO)M) oDII<#!N#!D#N*
#!N6#! PD<#d7J'#!.* 2# !<#! !o#P+*JVR,55+5%
e~#R<m+L"DIIy#!Q<*<5 0#!N#! *I<*N<=,*
DX` !, !C#!XD#^ !A/'#PD+{H !,1D#!9/15/156X
#!.7£DII<#!s, !c#!O#[Iy5 !<=qIXD#!O)
<5*<#!,s !*#! U !5N'#!IV !/1 !*%Te~#"I !/0* +/0'&
O5/5D0#PD,5*o7J'#!v !*IL*<#o#!s !Q<*D<*[0#!, PD#!
DII !1<P9+L*<DD4#!J I<#8>60<*5 !*<*5 ') &
'#8>OD#!;34:A?Bp 0*%
9. REFERENCES
3H%?{ (%0: !<#! >0&8S9* ¢ 6#!55,*{) Je80#!, PD#!,
acbV3W:cD#P0%e80#!%
-
D !$05IO5
5#!JCb.0*
.34,XD,5*JD :c#P` ¢ + ¡
*<=#!RE
bV3F: ¢ GP
p
'#! !+Le~#P'>6X*I#%X>0 5%
rq
%?{ !J
%jsc5+6<=$L%e2bQ !# !*/0,
6#!*, P#!, D !"D#!5O) !5 K'#!I; !<***%
Í+ËHÏutH×}ØJ·!Å!Â5¼|¿
FE~1G/
¦1v
¦
*w1N
%
*
%LSMD !4?R%*I#PSA%X34X*x<P
%LbV !<*
q
%BlI$12#PD0#!54B%
p
*$0/LX
p % 04%
acbV3&~+X*O) !"D#!Q D#!O7J'#!tb.e|aR%
FDE~1G/ 1v C 5%
%SM !,1D"<PL%
2#PDX.bW%
p
<*%X*"D0#!<
6#!*,D PD#!5.C* 2# !<=#! !OXo2# !<#! !.D#P
5 !<**%
Í+Ë^ÏutH×}ØJ·ÅP¼2¿
LE2 G/
8v
0l 5%
%XSM= ! !2&8345Zw%HX
¢
%3D0%9
*"D0#!<
-
*+4%
ÍÅ*½(·¾X¸½
Å[³{¶`·¼=½Å!º5¾
DE
G/
8v1
bV>V %
¦
?R%SM !,%X:;*< !I#!V5,5<*AV#PN",* *6#%
+lª»ª¬ªØ¼|º5¾´Pº1Ÿ½Â¾´RÂ5¾:yR¾X»JÌ·!¿*À6·Kº5¾¿`×[º1¸º
ªd¾1À5½¾L·!·¼P½¾6À LE
G/ ¦50 v6¦550l
%
:N%
K+L !F:N%
D !*<*4jw%
+5fw%0{z54DX
bW%L6#!D*<*qE(_^=GP%aAª= >Q 5% M?AOacbV3mª >
3,5,5%
- 7 -
!$0,`:A PD)#fw1R %
ì6î1î5Þ
ÿ
ø1øâââ¡?Qâ0ùD?2àDß1Û0øÞ>à>áø'|Dñ0åß1ü0ø
%
p %
!2#!5I*%
#:w%X *4% ¢
7d PII, \6= >OD,5,*DXo¨ <**6#{acbV3
6#!*,D PD#!5F%
Í+Ë^ÏutH×}ØJ·ÅP¼2¿d³4§Ï Í÷Å*½º5Ì+=¾X¸(·¼2·´P¸
Ë9¼2Â5µÃmÂ5¾.Ïyº5¾ºÀ6·¶ ·¾¸9ÂÆA×Rº1¸ºg
LE~5G/ * ,vX
0>>0%
w%
!$VVL%:;
5%a;bV3WID#!.D,5,oEaB^#!G
/1 !5q %%
ì1î1î5Þ
ÿ
ø5øâââ¬?aâ0ù0ä?2àDß1Û0øî1ß6ø@5Þæîì M *550%
'
%:;*<P$1 bW%X_l P"DF:K%
**XX
%6#!X= %
¢ 0#!+ !$1 ¢ 6#!55,D>o+X*V<*<*{#!`2# !+#!*.
* '&82# !<#! !*o) !"#!4%e|.:c0&8 ^0*"6#!<e8*
.b.'#! UK0>2#!* *%osc679= J?A<F%BC+ 4 *5%
' 5
%:;
55_J%XbV X
%:N%Vw%E(_^=GP%a;bV3
B56#! A3,5,5"EaB56#! G
p
= !q 5%0%
ì6î1î5Þ
ÿ
ø1øâââ¡?Qâ0ùD?2àDß1Û0ø>0ø@5Þ6î1ß6ø
C0*I#% %
'
%:;
55_J%XbV XO:N% ¢ !<=D P%a;bV3m34$,
3,5,5"Ea34$G
p
!5q %%
ì6î1î5Þ
ÿ
ø1øâââ¡?Qâ0ùD?2àDß1Û0ø>0ø@0ð6âãÜø
}w5R>0 5%
'
?R%0:;*#!<=FbW%
%
!XDX5:N%
!*<*FX?[%
q
%3F*/6>6
Xo:N%X<F%acbV3F&|ª;3¡ ?ª >o34,XD,5cD Aa;bV3H%
e|~R~R~
ØF¹·,9µ·¼5.NÐFº¾6À5µºÀ6·
~
Â5¼lbD´¹0Â=ÃGd0,^Ðg
N+ !,5LbV?[:;<5%4 *5%
ì1î1î5Þ
ÿ
ø1øâââ¡?Qâ0ùD?2àDß1Û0ø>0øò÷1÷1ô1øDê 8 > =@çXð=o0ð=4ò*÷1÷6ô1ö1ôò*÷0ø
%
' *
K%*;D !<*&2b.
q
%XBlDIX$552#PD6#!5F:N%ª*
?R%
¡
P"D4
q
%,/jw%:N%*ÌA"D4
p % p
!D*
Xw%
-
U5V%9[J0ebQb.e2OII !5<P.#!` U#!5
:cD#PN 0*J.,XD,5**%- Â5µ0¼=¾º1ÌÂÆ+=¾X¸(·*Ì)̽À6·¾X¸
+=¾ÆÂ5¼P¶`º5¸½Â5¾QÍ*.D´P¸(·¶N´
E~1G/ 5 vX
6l 550%
'
¢
%A !I4%
¢
IL*UIO !/1 %34:A?Bp I* *6#PD#!
/+[U !5
ì6î5î5Þ
ÿ
ø1ø2âââ¬?2àÞ0åãðë6æDÞ¬?2àß5Û0ø
%
' ¦
-
%:K%
-
%A !I4%:;6<* *6#d5+
¡
<# 0*
ì6î5î5Þ
ÿ
ø1ø2âââ¬?Qâ6ùD?2àß1Û6øI 8 àø
'
%@A = x1= Bl%fs[*0XSA%34-xD<=
-
%LbV*>6
eK%X3*4%X*D !<P4XD'>*XXo0#!, PD#!Q
-
*+O6< *6#! C?w<Dc2#!X>N7J#!
3 ¢ e|:K%0e|
fd¼|ÂÅÕ
+=¾X¸ÌÕ
~
Â5¼lbD´¹0Â=ÃsÂ5¾.×R·!¿µÅ¸½)ÄD·;×Rº5¸º6Áº5´=·´Kº¾X¿`ÐFÂ!À5½Å
f9¼2Â!À5¼2º¶N¶N½)¾6Àd)××ÐfDg
I,5A1v
0Ìs` 5%
' *
%A79*{VbW%X '#!4%
A
5
99[34:A?BþÌ
3
D !"D#%?A/+;U !5
ï1î5Þ
ÿ
ø1øï1îÞ¬?â1Ü1â?|å5ë5ñø1âã=0ã0àî6å0Ü5øDß6ïä5ý1ý6þ1þ?8î@6î
:;*<5%
16%F0#P#! HBl !5IL5*Q0#PDX PF%
' *
%A79**XbW% - (V?R%?{X6#!%
50 >
34:A?Bp<*0# !4=]#!5.) A !/1 Jc #!, D
!<=. !'#!*%
%L?[%=79**LbW%
%X '#!FDX{K%LL%60%
¾X¿6·¼P´P¸º5¾X¿5½)¾6ÀVº5¾¿`×R·8ÃÌ'Â>.D½¾6À`Ð4×{³fx×[½¼2·!Ÿ¼5.
ÍL·¼PĽÅP·´ %FbV< V*<P<DBC+,F 5%
6
e|)#%X34:A?Bm79D !V I* *6#PD#!5o !/5>6%
?A/+;) !5
ì6î5î5Þ
ÿ
ø1øâ>ââ¬?âã5ãà6Ü5àï5î¡?ä5à*çø1ðë0æDÞ;6Üñ6ß1á0åü0ø1ð6â6Üñ1ß1á0å5ü¡?~ì1îDçXð
%
K%fs[D !/1X P$0*L%?{]$0
p %
!2#!5I**
:N%BH]!$0*LDX.bW%L0<=5%
ª;3¬ ?:;*<*D P#!/1
ª= >.34,5XD,5cD
:
%e8
ØF¹·KÙ1Ù5¸U¹«+=¾¸ÌÕ
~
¼Ì'¿
~
½¿6·
~
·Á§CÂ5¾Æ*·¼2·¾XÅP·«d
~R~ ~
Òo'Òg
H4
;*79Ìc?RbV*>QvX K>50%
D
bW%fsc) K%3D*FXDX:w%
-
4%34,5<45XD#!5
C+
¡
*<#&~ !*6#!.X") PD &~+X*.,XD,5**%-
Â5µ0¼=¾º1Ì
ÂÆc¸U¹·[³4§Ï
1E6G/ ,v0
C
%
:N%SA%34*D#A
% p
%X0%Bí
µ0½Ì'¿½¾6ÀNÐFº5¼À6·
yR¾Â5»JÌ·¿À6·©
í
º5´=·!¿OÍ*.D´=¸(·¶K´56Ø{·8ÃL¼2·´=·¾X¸º1¸½Â¾sº5¾X¿
+=¾Æ·¼·¾XÅP·K½)¾t¸U¹·%§5ô§cf9¼2¤·Å¸
%?5&
-
*>6L >0%
?R%34/0>6?[%Lb.X54
q
%XD,5/LXDXo:N%L6 !/5D2#P/%
?A279 !,"ª !*ÌA,
p
7J*%e|
ftH×cÍ F
%
D¦
?R%34/0>6?[%
¡
D PD"FXDX:w%
¢
P5%ª >,
=#! !5,**{e| !"#!5Q05 !<**Ì, 5 !<*
:;*<= !I#!5*%e| ÐF× í{IXD,5*A
v0¦16l 5¦%
B%jw%LbV jz5teK%3D*F% ¢ OI !6<**,oa;bV3W
34:A?Bd%e| ÐF× í{X 5%
D
-
%XbV*>6%Lb.XDD#P+5%
ì6î1î5Þ
ÿ
ø1øâ>ââ¬?âã1ï0àßçXæDîâÜ»?~ñ5ãâ>=ï5ß6å0â21ñ1ß6Û¡?8ë6å0øV!çXæüøààã0ëâ5æ1ð
>0%
D
-
%XbV*>6%Lª >,N$1*OacbV3q6<* *6#d#879D !$d
#!
-
*+F%e8
ØF¹·RÙ1Ù5¸U¹%+=¾X¸ÌÕ
~
¼Ì'¿
~
½¿6·
~
·Á
§CÂ5¾*Æ*·¼·¾Å=·%d
~R~R~
ÒoCÒg
@A554H;*79Ìc?R
bV*>QvX K>50%
_d%Lb.*
p
%Vs[6>0DI4?R%#!4.?[%e8 P *%
¢
Sd_
-p _
?A.II !1D<=O \6 >"I !6<**,
,5+X4D !"D#!5.2>2#! d+X*.5V6#! !IL PD#!5
<= !5{I !&~]2#!,`0#!5,5**%
×[½´P¸¼P½(Áµ¸(·!¿Oº5¾X¿¸fdº5¼2º1Ì)Ì·*Ì
×Rº5¸º6Áº5´=·´
LE~1G/
v056 5>%
3H%Xb.= %
:
\6 >o,"\6Xª;3H%?A/+[#
ì6î1îÞ
ÿ
ø1ø6Üâàß1ë1ï0â1Üì¬?8ß5ë1ï>â0å¡?2àß1Û0ø5ß5ë1ï'5ñå5ß5ü0ø l>0 5%
%b.2#!*4X?R%34*/6>6QbW%
!"D4%ª >
<*0#PD *6#dD AD#PK6#!*,D PD#!5Q2>2#!* *%e8
frtH×[Í
>0%
D
?R%X*+L !5%
:[ª;3¡ ?#PN !*6#!.\0 >",5XD,5
D
:
0**%?{/5DUD+RD#
ì6î1îÞ
ÿ
ø1øâ>ââ¬?~ì1Þ0ð?~ì1Þ¬?2ä5à*çXø6ÜDåçâ0åøDß1ë'0ðD?~ì1îçLð C>0 5%
bW%X6#!*$oX.%:;*<P$1 %
:
\6 >O
# P2D !"D#!5Q,5,5%L?A/+[D#
ì6î1îÞ
ÿ
ø1øâ>ââ¬?8ë1ïÜâ?~ñ1ãâ>=Üð?8ë6å6øï5ßàë0à1ø5î1ß0âÞð1å6ø l 5%
5
bW%
-
X%@79**Q%Vsc5%L3F,6#|79,6#
' !*<=#! >.<*<*AI !#!6<*ME/
GP%
A
5
5X:;*<5% 16%