TASLEṢT TASNALƔAMKANT N UMAWAL N TESREḌT. IƔREM N AT YEZJEN (TAƔERDAYT)

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Tigduda Tamagdayt Taɣerfant n Lezzayer

Taneɣleft n Uselmed Unnig d Unadi Ussnan

Tasdawit Akli Muḥend Ulḥaǧ n Tubiret

Tamezdeyt n Tsekliwin d Tutlayin

Agezdu n Tutlayt d Yidles n Tmaziɣt

AKATAY N TAGGARA N MASTER

DEG TESNILEST TAMAZIƔT

ASENTEL

S ɣur tnelmadt: S lmendad n uselmad:

BADJA SAMIA BOUDIA ABDERREZAK

TASLEṢT TASNALƔAMKANT N UMAWAL N

TESREḌT.

IƔREM N AT YEZJEN (TAƔERDAYT)

Aseggas asdawan 2017 / 2016

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Asnemmer

Tanmirt I:

Mass Budia Ɛebdrezzaq yellan ilmendad n umahil-agi .

Agraw n Tɣerdayt:

Mass Ḥedbun Muḥend anemhal n ugezdu n tussna n tineslemt

(tasdawit n Tɣerdayt)

Mass Tiricin Salaḥ aselmad n tusnakt, d amedyaz ameqqran.

Mass Fekhar Brahim anemhal n temkerḍt n ugezdu n tussna n

tineslemt.(tasdawit n Tɣerdayt )

Mass Ḥewwac Ɛebdreḥman amusniles azeɛluk di Tɣerdayt

(yemmut deffir n tsastant s 15 n wussan) yuc ameqqran ak

yerḥem.

Inelmaden n tsdawit n Tɣerdayt: Xadiǧa, Ayub, Ɛebdsamed… .

Imsulɣa n yiɣrem n At Yezjen abeẓẓan d uzeɛluk.

Taɣerdayt s umata.

Agezdu n tutlayt d yidles Amaziɣ n Bgayet.

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Abuddu:

Ad buddeɣ amahil-agi I :

Baba d yemma icerken yid-I tirmit n tuffɣa ɣer wannar deg tɣerdayt,

yis-wen I lliɣ yis-wen I ttkemmileɣ tikli.

Gma salem d wetlmta nadia d lynda.

Tigejdit n uxxam-nneɣ ḥna Ɛica.

Agezdu n tutlayt d yidles Amaziɣ n Tubiret I merra.

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Aɣawas

I-TAZWERT TAMATUT………...……….07 II-Aḥric I: Tasnarrayt………...……....…….(11-14)

III-Aḥric II: Tiẓri……….…...…..(17-37) IV-Ahric III: Tasleḍt………..………...……(39-66) V-TAGRAYT TAMATUT……….…..70 VI-TIƔBULA……….………(73-74) VII-AMAWL………..……….….76 VIII-AMMUD……….………….………..(78-85) IX-AGBUR N TKATUT……….………..(87-90) X-TIMERNA………..………92

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Isegzal:

MZB : Tumẓabt.

QBYL: Taqbaylit.

⃰ : D awal yettwasegzan deg umawal. / : Ulac.

→ : Yemmal-d amek ara yuɣal wawal seg Tumẓabt ɣer teqbaylit = : Yettak-d. ≠ : Anemgal. Sb : Asebtar. Md : Amedya. √ : Aẓar.  : tasleḍt tasnalɣant.  : tasleḍt tasnamkant.

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Tazwert tamatut

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Xas akken aṭas n yinekcumen I d-yerzan Tafriqt Ugafa bdu-d seg Yifniqen , Irumanen, Iwandalen, Ibiẓanṭiyen , Aɛraben, Iṭurkiyen d Yirumyen, d unermis yellan gar tutlayin n yinekcumen-agi d tutlayt n yimezdaɣ inaṣliyen, Imaziɣen ḥerzen tutlayt-nsen, d tin yellan deg ugar n tmura am lzzeyer,Tunes, Merruk, Libya, Maser d tmura n yiberkanen am Mali, Nijer, Muriṭaniya, Burkina fasu. Tamaziɣt teffeɣ akkin ula I tefriqt tewweḍ ɣer tegzirin n lkanari deg lispan. Tiwtilin n tikli n Tmaziɣt gar tmura n umaḍal d inekcumen xedmen Yimaziɣen zik d tinigin-nsen ɣer tmura-agi.

Asinag ageldan n tussna tamaziɣt n Lmerruk yessaweḍ ad d-yefk amḍan n wid yettmeslayen Tamaziɣt deg umaḍal wḍen almi 66 n yimelyan.1

Yewwi-d ad d-nini Tamaziɣt d tutlayt yellan d timawit ayen itt I d-yesmenɛen seg jellu d asemres-ines deg tmetti ladɣa ayen akk icudden ɣer tsekla am tmedy

azt, inzan d temsaɛraq, maca iwakken tutlayt ad tedder yewwi-d ad yili leqdic ussnan fell-asd win ara tt-iḥerzen seg jellu ma yella d Tamaziɣt d iberraniyen I

yebdan leqdic fell-as ladɣa seg tama n umawal akken I d-yenna Dallet (J.M)(1982, sb 17):« ɛla ḥsab n tmussni-nneɣ, asegzawal amezwaru nTteqbaylit(

Tafransist-Taqbaylit), yettwaru s ɣur Jean-Michel de venture de paradis, seg 1788 ar 1790, ur d-yeffiɣ ara almi d 1844, iḍefr-d usegzawal (Tafransist-Tamaziɣt) n Brossellard yeffeɣ-d deg yiwet n tallit d win n venture deg 1844. Deg 1873 yeffeɣ-d usegzawal (Tafransist-Taqbaylit) n J,B Creusat, yettwaḍfer s yiwen usegzawal d amaynut ( Tafransist-Taqbaylit). G Huyghe yessufeɣ-d yiwen

n usegzawal(Tafransist-Taqbaylit), tazrigt inezmer ad naf d tin n 1901»2 Tamaẓiɣt d tutlayt yebḍan ɣef ugar N tantaliwin , ad d-nebder seg-sent:

1_{http:/www.ircam.ma/ ?q} 2

« A notre connaissance, le premier dictionnaire kabyle ( précisement Français-Kabyle), fut rédigé par Jean-Michel De Venture De Paradis, au cours d’un séjour de deux ans a Alger, de 1788 à 1790, il ne sera publie qu’en 1844, vient ensuite dans l’ordre chronologique le dictionnaire(Français-Kabyle), de Brossellard…,parait en 1844, comme celui de venture. En 1873un dictionnaire (Français-Kabyle), celui de J.b Creusat, parait suivi, en 1878, par un nouveau dictinnaire(Français-Kabyle).G Huyghe publie un dictionnaire(Kabyle-Français), dont la 2 emm édition, la seule qu’on puisse trouver, est datée de 1901.

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Tazwert tamatut

8 Tacelḥit, Tamaziɣt, Tarifit deg Lmerruk. Taqbaylit, Tacawit, Tumẓabt deg Lzzeyer.

Tamacaɣt tella deg unẓul nLlzzayer, deg tama n tneẓruft, deg Mali, Nijer, daɣen deg Burkinafasu.

Nfusa d Tmacaɣt di Libya . Tasiwit di Maser.

Taǧirbanit di Tunes deg tegzirt n Ǧerba. Zenga deg Madrida deg Muriṭaniya.

Legwanac tnejla maca tella tettumeslay deg Lispan deg tegzirin n Lkanari . Judu berbère, tettili deg temɣiwanin timasiḥiyin deg Tefriqt Ugafa.

Tumẓabt deg tmurt n Lzzayer tettumeslay s ɣur Yimẓabiyen deg temnaḍt n Tɣerdayt deg sebɛa n yiɣerman-is (Taɣerdayt, At Yezjen, At Bunur ,Igararren, At Mliccet d Tejnint d At Yeregden). Timetti n Yimẓabiyen d tin yesɛan assaɣ iǧehden ɣer tesreḍt, deg tuget yinawen-nsen seqdacen iḍrisen n tesreḍt ttabdaren-d tidyanin d teqṣiḍin yerzan n biwat. Imẓabiyen ass-a bdan ttellin tiwwura I tumẓabt anda ara naf kra n yifuras d yinadiyen ussnanen imuggen fell-as ama seg tama n ugmar n wayen akk icudden ɣer tsekla taɣerfant n temnaḍt amezruy d tesnilest. Amyekcem gar Yimẓabiyen d Waɛraben yegla-d s unermis gar yidelsan-nsen; anermis-a yewwi-d azerrer ɣef tutlayt anda ara naf kra n wawalen I d-yekkan seg taɛrabt seqdacen-ten Yimẓabiyen ladɣa ayen

yerzan tasreḍt maca s lqaleb n Tumẓabt, Imẓabiyen seḥbibren ɣef tantala-nsen smenɛen-tt seg jellu deg tmetti tineslemt iseqdacen taɛrabt.

Tazrawt-agi ad tili d tamezwarut deg wannar n ugmar umawal n tesreḍt s Tumẓabt deg Yiɣrem n At Yezjen deg Tɣerdayt. Timental n ufran n usentel-agi maci d yiwet maca ayen yellan d agejdan:

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Tazwert tamatut

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-Aḥraz n umawal anasli n tesreḍt n Yimẓabiyen seg jellu deg tmetti tineslmet isemrasen Taɛrabt.

-Ahat d anadi ara ikemmlen ɣer uswir n Doctorat . -Afud n yiselmaden d rray-nsen deg usentel-agi.

D tazrewt ara yebḍun ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen; ad nezwir ameslay s uḥric n tesnarrayt anda ara d-nessegzi tarrayt n tezrawt, sin akkin ad nɛeddi ɣer uḥric n teẓri ; deg-s ad neɛreḍ ad d-nefk tibadutin n yiferdisen n umahil , d win ara ibedden ɣef kraḍ n yixfawen ixef amezwau d tasnalɣa, wis ssin d tasnamka d wis kraḍ ad d-yawi ɣef temsislit .ɣer taggara ad nɛeddi ɣer uḥric n tesleḍt tasnalɣamkant, d temsislant wer ma nettu tazwert d teggrayt tamatut.

Iswi n tezrawt-agi d agmar n wammud n tesreḍt deg Yiɣrem n At Yezjen, ad neg tasleḍt tasnalɣamkant d temsislant I wammud

Ihi seg turdiwin id-yefrurin deg umahil-agi:

Tumẓabt d tantala yuklalen azal am tantawliwin n Tmaziɣt tiyaḍ.

Tumẓabt tesɛa amawal amesbaɣur isemrasen yimsiwal deg yinawen n tesreḍt. Yella umgired deg ususru n kra n tergalin gar Tumẓabt d Teqbaylit.

Ɣer tagara ad d-nini ma yella mazal imsiwal n Yiɣrem n At AYezjen ssawalen s wawalen n Tumẓabt deg yinawen n tesreḍt?.

amek I yegga umawal-agi isemrasen seg tama n talɣa d unamek? Acu n umgired yellan deg ususru gar tantala Tumẓabt d tntala Taqbaylit ?

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Tasnarrayt

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Yal amahil ussnan yuḥweǧ tarrayt ara t I d-isegzin. D tarrayt ara iseshlen taɣuri n tezrawt, deg-s amnadi ad d-isegzi tirniyin yeḍfer deg unadi-ines, Tazrawt-agi d tin yebḍan ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen igejdanen; tasnarrayt, tiẓri d tesleḍt.

I-1-Asissen n usentel:

Leqdic deg taɣult n tantaliwin n Tamaziɣt d win yesɛan lexsas meqqren acku drus n tezrawin imuggen deg wannar-agi, xas akken ad d-naf tantala Taqbaylit tessaweḍ ɣer kra n uswir deg unadi ama seg tama n (tesnalɣa, tasnamka, tamsislit d tseddast) maca tantaliwin tiyaḍ drus n tezrawin imuggen fell-asent seg yal aswir ladɣa agmar n umawal.

Leqdic-agi ad yili d amezwaru ara imuggen ɣef umawal n tesreḍt deg Yiɣrem n At Yezjen deg Tɣerdayt, Deg-s ad neɛreḍ ad d-negmer awalen I semrasen yimẓabiyen deg yinawen n tesreḍt ad neg daɣen tesleḍt tasnalɣamkant d temsislant.

I-2-Tarrayt n tsastant :

Tasastant n tezrawt-agi tettwaxdem deg Tɣerdayt. Nerza ɣer yiɣrem n At Yezjen snat n tikkal, tikkelt tamezwarut seg wass n 6 armi d ass n 10 deg duǧember 2016, tikkelt tis snat tella ass n 28 deg furar armi d ass n 3 deg meɣres 2017. Adeg n tsastant yella ɣer daxel n yiɣrem ama deg yixxamen, tiḥuna d yiberdan daɣen yella berra n yiɣrem s ɣur kra n yinelmaden deg tesdawit. Nsemres imsekles d tira deg tsastant. Nsewjed ummuɣ n wawalen yerzan tasreḍt s taɛrabt s yen n suter seg yimsulɣa ad aɣ d-inin amek iten-qqaren nutni s Tumẓabt, wa nura-t wa nsekles-it .

Amzun llan wawalen ur nsewjed ara nekkni maca nnan aɣ ten i d yimsulɣa weḥsen, d tidyanin d wamek sfugulen deg At Yezjen meḥsun d tullsa i aɣ d-ullsen tidyanin-agi.

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Tasnarrayt

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Tasastant-agi iḍfer-itt i d unadi deg temkerḍt n tesdawit n Tɣerdayt nennuda kra n yidlisen n umezruy n Yiɣrem n At Yezjen deg ugezdu n : tussna n tineslemt, agezdu n yizerfan, agezdu n tutlayt n Taɛrabt. Tasastant n tezrawt-agi tesiǧhed assaɣ-nneɣ d Wat Yiɣrem.

I-3-Awal ɣef wammud:

Ammud n tezrawt yerza amawal n tesreḍt n tmetti n yimẓabiyen, d win I d-yettwagemren deg waɣir n Tɣerdayt deg Yiɣrem n At Yezjen ɣer yimsiwal inasliyen yettutlayen Tumẓabt tanaslit ( d imeqqranen deg uwatay). Daxel n Yiɣrem nsemres imsekles acku ammud negmer-it id s ɣur kra n yimsiwal meqqren deg uwatay, yusa-d yuɛer I tira s lemɣiwla dɣa nsekles-iten ma yella deg tesdawit s tira kan acku inelmaden meslayen yid-nneɣ s ttawil nekkni daɣen nura-ten akken iwata.

Ammud n tezrawt tuget-ines s Tumẓabt maca llan kra n wawalen d ijenṭtaḍen I d-yekkan seg Taɛrabt maca semrasen-ten s lqaleb n Tumẓabt, nesaweḍ di kra n wussan ad d-negmer 134 n wawalen n tesreḍt si sdaxel n yiɣrem deg tsastant , nmugr-d kra n yimsulɣa seg yiɣerman-nniḍen newwi-d ɣer ɣur-sen kra n wawalen maca ur as-nexdim ara tasleḍt, nerna-ten ɣer tagara wammud, nura ten s tira tazurant.

I-4-Tarrayt n tezrawt :

Tazrawt-a tebḍa ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen :

Aḥric n tesnarrayt :

Yella-d I usegzi n tirniyin d tfaksutin ittuḍefren iwakken ad nsiweḍ ɣer yiswi n umahil yella deg-s : asissen n usentel, tarrayt n tsastant, awal ɣef wammud, tarrayt n tezrawt, asissen n temnaḍt d tfelwit n yimsulɣa.

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Tasnarrayt

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Aḥric n teẓri:

D win yebḍan ɣef kraḍ n yixfawen: tasnalɣa, tasnamka, tamsislit deg-s neɛreḍ ad d-nesbadu ugar n yiferdisen iyesɛan assaɣ ɣer tezrwat.

Aḥric n tesleḍt

Tasleḍt ad tili ɣef uswir n talɣa d unamek d temsislit ; d tin ara yebḍun ɣef sin n yiḥricen tasleḍt n wawalen yellan iman-nsen d tamezwarut d tesleḍt n wawalen uddisen weḥd-nsen.

I-5- Asissen n temnaḍt:

Tazrawt-a terza tamnaḍt n At Yezjen I d-yezgan deg umalu n waɣir n Tɣerdayt tebɛed ɣef tɣiwant azal n 30 n ikilumitren tilisa-ines:

Seg ugafa: tamnaḍt n Sidi Leɛbaz. Seg unẓul: iɣrem n Tɣerdayt. Seg umalu: asif n Ntisifa. Seg usammer: iɣrem n Mlika.

D iɣrem imu d-yezzi yiwen n ssur meqqren meḥsub ixxamen-nsen usan-d ɣer daxel n ssur-nni. Deg tallit-agi taneggarut bdan bennun kra n yixxxamen imaynuten I d-yusan berra n ssur-nni (Tafilalt). At Yezjen werǧin ad-yekcem uberrani ɣer leqser-nsen s tefses almi zran wat temnaḍt tamentilt n wini tt-yerzan maca Aɛrab d awezɣi ad tt-yekcem. D tamnaḍt iseḥbibren ɣef wansayen-nsen ladɣa deg tfaskiwin yerzan tasreḍt ḥerzen iselsa, tameslayt, aniwel tedduḍ akin. Tilawin-nsen ttlusunt aken I qqaren nutni: aḥuli irgazen-nsen xas ad ten ṭafeḍ ṭṭfen iswiren ɛlayen deg tudert-nsen maca mazal ttlusun iselsa-nsen insayen. D tamnaḍt yettwasnen s uẓetta n yiḥuyak d wayen akk tteqnent tlawin n lfeṭṭa. Ma yella d lebni-nsen werǧin ad d-afed axxam yemgarad ɣef wayeḍ bnan akk yiwen

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Tasnarrayt

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n lqaleb d yiwen n yiɣmi , d tamnaḍt ittrebbin tiɣeṭṭen maca učči-nsent yettili berra n yiɣrem anda ad ten-yawi yiwen ɣer teẓgi ma yella kra n leḥcic ara afent ddin acku d tamnaḍt yeḥman s waṭas.

Nefren-d tamnaḍt-a acku imsiwal-ines mazal sawalen s tumẓabt taqburt seg tama ,seg tama-niḍen teqreb ɣer yiwet n temnaḍt anda imsiwal-ines d iɛraben d tagnit anda ara neɛreḍ ad negzu asemres n umawal n tesreḍt s ɣur imẓabiyen n At Yezjen d unermis yellan gar-asen d weɛraben seg tama n tutlayt.

I-6-Tafelwit n yimsulɣa :

Isem n yimsiwal

Tawsit Awatay Aswir n ulmad

Asemres n tutlayin

Muḥemmed Daḥbun

Awtem 40 Asdawan Tumẓabt Tafransist Taɛrabt Brahim Faxar Awtem 32 Asdawan Tumẓabt

Taɛrabt K.Xadiǧa Tawtemt 30 Asdawan Tumẓabt

Taɛrabt Brahim Baḥaz Awtem 46 Asdawan Tumẓabt

Tafransist Taɛrabt Ayub Abu

Ismaɛil

Awtem 28 Asdawan Tumẓabt Taɛrabt Zaḥi ɛebd

lbaseṭ

Awtem 28 Asdawan Taɛrabt ɛebdreḥman Ḥewwac Awtem 88 (yemmut deffir n tannant s Asdawan Tumẓabt Tafransist Taɛrabt

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Tasnarrayt

15 waggur)

Ticrin Salaḥ Awtem 55 Asdawan Tumẓabt Tafransist Taɛrabt M.Malika Tawtemt 45 Tasnawit Taɛrabt Sadeq

Ibrahim

Awtem 60 Asdawan Tumẓabt Tafransist Taɛrabt Fahem inas Tawtemt 23 Asdawan Tumẓabt

Taɛrabt Ruqaya aflaḥ Tawtemt 65 / Tumẓabt Baḥaz ɛica Tawaemt 27 / Tumẓabt Isḥaq

Belɣerbi

Awtem 77 / Tumẓabt Haǧira Niflat Tawtemt 66 / Tumẓabt

Aḥric n tesnarrayt yessishel taɣuri n umahil, ijemɛ-d iferdisen n tezrawt deg yiwen yixef, yella-d amzun d asɣiwes yefka-d tikti tamatut ɣef usentel daɣen iɛiwen aɣ akken ad naweḍ ɣer yiswi s tefses.

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

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Aḥric n teẓri d win yebḍan ɣef kraḍ n yixfawen ( tasnalɣa, tasnamka, tasnilestmetti), deg-s nefka-d tibadutin n yel aferdis n tezrawt.

II-1-Tabadut n tesnalɣa :

Tasnalɣ d tussna izerwen asileɣ n umawal d telɣiwin-is yemgaraden. Ɣer

Dubois (j) (1999, sb 311) : «deg tjerrumt tamensayt tasnalɣa d tazrewt n talɣa n wawalen ( almaḍ* d useddem*) s tenmegla ɣer tezrawt n twuriwin d tseddast ,deg tesnilest tartart awal n tesnalɣa yesɛa sin n yinumak igejdanen:

1-Tasnalɣa d aglam n yilugan iseddayen taɣessa tagensant n wawalen.

2-Neɣ tasnalɣa d aglam ɣef tikkelt; n tɣessa tagensant n wawalen d yilugan n useddukkel deg tefyar»3.

Daɣen Polguère (A) (2003, sb: 55):«tasnalɣa d tifurkect n tesnilest izerwen

taɣessa n talɣiwin n wawalen».4

Md : adaymun (Mzb)→ciṭtan(Qbyl).

Taɣessa: d awal yebna ɣef uzar amawalan (D Y M N) d uskim(a.a..u.). Talɣa: isem amalay asuf , addad ilelli.

3_{En grammaire traditionnelle la morphologie est l’étude des formes des mots (flexion et dérivation) par}

opposition a l’étude des fonctions au syntaxe , en linguistique moderne le terme de morphologie a deux acception principale :

La morpgologie et la description des règles qui régissent la structure interne des mots.

Ou bien la morphologie est la description a la fois de la structure interne des mots et des règles de combinaison des syntagmes en phrases.

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

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II-1-1Tabadut n yisem:

Isem d awal ameskil yezmer ad d-immel amdan ,aɣersiw neɣ taɣawsa . aneggaru-agi yezmer ad yili d akmam( dayen nettwali nettaṭaf- it ) neɣ d amadwan ( d ayen I nettḥalfu, yettili kan deg wallaɣ-nneɣ).

Md:

Amdan Aɣersiw Taɣawsa

Aser(Mzb)→nbi(Qbyl) Alem(Mzb)→alɣem(Qbyl) Nir(Mzb)→/(Qbyl) Yugurten Aydi (Mzb+Qbyl) Utewri(Mzb)→/(Qbyt)

Ɣer Chaker.(s)(1996, sb 20):« isem yettwasbadu s useddukkel n uẓar

anmawal, d uskim anisem d tecraḍ tigejdanin»5. Dɣen ɣur-s amzenziɣ anisem dayen akk yellan d isem n umeskar,isem n tigawt, isem n wallal akked d urbib. Isem yes3a ticraḍ tigejdanin yellan : tawsit, amḍan d waddad.

Md: anejlus(Mzb)asuf →lmalayek(Qbyl):

Aẓar anmawal= (njls)+ askim( a…u.)

II-1-1-1-Ticraḍ tigejdanin n yisem:

Isem yesɛa kraḍ n tecraḍ tigejdanin. Ad naf Yahiaoui (M) (2009, sb: 79) yemmeslay-d ɣef talɣa n yisem anda I d-yenna:« deg wayen yerzan talɣa isem yesɛa kraḍ n ticraḍ tigejdanin tawsit, amḍan d waddad»6

a-Tawsit :

D taggayt tajerrumant yettili deg-s umalay d wunti.

5_{Le nom est défini par l’association d’une racine lexicale d’un schème nominal et de marques obligatoires.} 6

Sur le plant morphologique, le nom connait principalement trois modalités centrale le genre, le nombre et l’état.

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

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Akken I tt-id-yesbadu Dubois(J) (1999, sb : 2017)«:tawsit d taggayt

tajerrumant I yersen ɣef yismawen yebḍan d tismilin tinismin* I ibedden ɣef yiwsilen inismen*( izwiren, idfiren, tihrayin)»7.

Ma ɣerAissou(O) (2008, sb:58) «: d taggayt tajerrumant I yesnemgalen gar umalay d wunti”.»8

a-1-Isem amalay : tuget n yismawen imalayen beddun s teɣra:

A=arǧaz (Mzb)→argaz(Qbyl). U=utewri (Mzb)→/ (Qbyl).

I=imeslem(Mzb)→ineslem (Qbyl). E : /

 Tamawt :

1) llan kra n yismawen imalayen beddun s tergalt, ur sɛin ara tiɣra tamezwarut :

Md =beṭṭu(Mzb)→berru (Qbyl).

2)Daɣen llan kra n yismawen imalayen beddun s teɣra maca sɛan anamek n yisem unti : Md=ulli.

Tuget n yismawen imalayen ijenṭaḍen ikeffun s tergalt d imalayen : Md= safer(Mzb)→/ (Qbyl).

Kra n yismawen n yimɣan beddun s « w »d imalayen ,Md :waḥrir/ wajdim/waɣzen.

7_{Est une catégorie grammaticale reposent sur la réparation des noms dans des classes nominales, en fonction}

d’un certain nombre de propriétés formelles qui se manifestent par la référence pronominale, par l’accord de l’adjectif( ou de verbe) et par des affixes nominaux(préfixes, souffixes, désinences casuelles).

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

20

a-2-Isem unti: tuget n yismawen untiyen beddun, keffun s “t”

Ɣer Nait Zerrad (k) (1995, sb:45) :« isem unti yettmaga s tmerna n uzwir d udfir “t” I yisem amalay».9Md=timeslemt(Mzb)→tineslemt(Qbyl).

Isem unti yezmer ad d-yemmal:

Asemẓi: imecrek→timecrekt(Mzb)→/ (Qbyl).

Unti: ayẓiw→tayẓiwt(Mzb)→(aqcic→taqcict)(Qbyl). Isem n tayunt:azmmur→tazmmurt.

Asmenyir : arǧaz→tarǧazt(Mzb →(argaz→targazt) (Qbyl).

 Tamawt:

1) Llan kra n yismawen untiyen keffun s (ts) ɣer tagara deg ususru md: tidet

2)keffun s tiɣra md: tasa/tama/tili.

3)Llan kra n yismawen untiyen ttemgaraden deg talɣa ɣef umalay. Md: Arǧaz→hameṭṭut.

4)Asileɣ n kra n yismawen untiyen yettili s tmerna n”w” d “y” uqbel “t”:

Md : ameksa→tameksawt/aɣerda→taɣerdayt.

5)Kra n yismawen imalayen ikeffun s (d/ḍ) unti-nsen ittfaka s(ṭ). Md: ajellid→tajellit(Mzb)→(agellid→tagellit) (Qbyl).

6)Kra n yismawen untiyen n usemẓi ttilin s tmerna n “c” md: amdun→tamduct. 7)Tuget n yismawen ijenṭaḍen ikeffun s teɣra d untiyen md: lxedma/rradyu.

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

21

b-Amḍan n yisem:

seg ticraḍ tigejdanin n yisem ad d-naf (asuf/asget).Ɣer Nait Zerrad (k)

(1995, sb:45) :«llan kra n wanawen n usget :asget aẓɣaray(timerna n walɣac),asget agensay(timlellit n tagensayt) d usget ixelḍen(timerna n uzwir d tmlellit tagensayt)»10.

b-1-Asuf :yemmal-d yiwet n tɣawsa Md= rekɛet(Mzb)neɣ yiwen n umdan Md= ajujil(Mzb) neɣ yiwen n uɣersiw,

Md=aydi

b-2-Asget yemmal-d ugar n snat n tɣawsiswin, md= imensi(mzb)→imensiwen.

Ad naf deg usget kraḍ n wannawen n usget:

Asget aẓɣray:yettili-d subeddel n teɣra (a)ɣer (i) d tmerna n walɣac :

Asuf Asget Ayen ibedlen Adaymun(Mzb) Idaymunen(Mzb) a→i/+EN ajenna (Mzb) Ijenwan(Mzb) a→i+wan Tamɣart Timɣarin a→i+IN Tajenwit Tijenwiyin a→i+IN

Asget agensay: yettili-d s ubeddel n tiɣra tikwal s tergalt daxel n wawal:

Asuf Asget Ayen ibddelen Amuḍin Imuḍan a→i

anejlus(Mzb) Inejlas(Mzb) a→i/u→a

10_{On distingue trois types de pluriel : le pluriel externe(l’ajout dun suffixe ),un pluriel interne(alternance}

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

22

Hamurt(Mzb) Himura (Mzb) a→u Tamrart Timira a→i

Asget ixelḍen: yettili-d s ubeddel azɣaray d d ugensay:

Asuf Asget Ayen ibeddlen Tasedda Tisedwin a→i+win

Tala Tiliwa a→i+w

Aceqquf Iceqfan a→i+an Tama Tamiwin A→I+win Ikerri Akraren E/I→a+awen

Ul Ulawen +awen

Ass Ussan a→u+an

 Tamawat:

1) llan kra n yismawen llan kan di talɣa n usget

Md:aman/medden.

2)Kra n yismawen ur ittuseqdec ara wasuf-nsen. Md: timẓin/idammen.

3)Kra n yismawen ur sɛin ara asget. Md:tidet→/.

4)Llan kra n yismawen igetnamkanen asget-nsen ittemgarad ilmend n unamek-nsen.

Md: iri→iran(rrif n umkan)/iri→irawen(azagur). 5)Asget n kra n wawalen yemgared ɣef yisem amalay. Md: tameṭṭut→tulawin.

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

23

6)Ismawen ijenṭaḍen ikecmen deg teqbaylit tteddmen ticreḍt n usget aẓɣaray aǧadermi→iǧadermiyen.ma yella d ismawen ur nekcim ara deg teqbaylit rnun-asen alɣac(w).

Md: ṭṭabla→ṭṭwabel c-Addad n yisem:

Di tmaziɣt yesɛa sin waddaden: ilelli d umaruz ɣer Nait zerrad.(k): «addad amruz yettban-d s ubeddel yettḥazen tiɣra tamezwarut deg kra n isatalen ijerrumanen:alɣac”w” neɣ”y”/ neɣ aɣelluy n teɣra tamezwarut»11

Addad ilelli Addad amaruz Ayen ibedlen Ameqqran(Mzb) umeqran(Mzb) A→u

Amlac(Mzb) umlac(Mzb) A→u Imeslem(Mzb) Yimeslem(Mzb) Alɣac “y” Imecrek(Mzb) yimecrek(Mzb) Alɣac “y” Utewri(Mzb) Wutewri(Mzb) Alɣac “w”

Tislit Teslit Abeddel n teɣra i→e

Tili Tili /

 Tamawt:

1)Kra n yismawen imalayen wer addad md: seksu, fad, d kra n yismawen untiyen ur yesɛin ara ticreḍt n wunti “t” di tazwara md: yelli, weltma.

Deg tutlayt ittumeslayen deg tudert n yel ass tettili-d temsislit deg ususru dɣa yettruḥu waddad amaruz I kra n yismawen md:

Tira Asusru

Deg ujenna(MZB) Ggejenna Deg fus(MZB) Ggfus

11_{Létat d’annexion du nomse manieste par une modification afectant sa voyelle initiale dans un certains}

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

24 ɣef uḍar ffḍar

II-1-2-Tabadut n umyag:

Amyag deg tmaziɣt d awal ameskil ifetin, yemmal-d tigawt neɣ taɣara. Taɣessa-is tebna s useddukkel gar uskim d umatar udmawan yettwabnen ɣef uẓar.akken I d-yenna Chaker(S)( 1984, sb:124):«amyag deg tmaziɣt yettili-d s

useddukkel gar uẓar argalan d uskim n tmeẓri d umtar udmawan.»12

Md= yeɛzem(Mzb)→yeɣra(Qbyl)

Y= amatar udmawan.

.e..e=askim n tmeẓri(izri) yebnan ɣef uẓar (ɛzm).

II-1-2-1-Ticraḍ tigejdanin n umyag:

Amyag yesɛa kraḍ n tecraḍ tigejdanin, timezzayin d tsuddimin.

a-Tigejdanin:

Amatar udmawan: yemmal-d udem n win ixedmen tigawt yeqqen ɣer ufeggag srid yettbedil ilmend n wudem d wemḍan.

Afeggag: afeggag deg tmaziɣt yebna ɣef tecreḍt n tmeẓri( askim) d uẓar .

B-Timezzayin:

D tid nrennu I umyag , zemrent ad ilint di tazwara neɣ tagara n umyag ad d-naf: Tizelɣiwin n tnilla d yimqimen iwsilen.

Amyag+amqim awsil usrid+amqim awsil arusrid+d/n n tnilla.

12

Le verbe en berbère est definie par l’association obligatoire d’une racine compose uniquement de consonnes,d’une marque aspectuelles conjointe souvent amalgame et indices de personne.

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

25

C-Ticraḍ tisuddimin:

Amyag asuddim yettwasileɣ seg umyag aḥerfi s tmerna n yizwiren I ufeggag n umyag akken I d-yenna Chaker(S) (1978, sb: 138):«alɣacen n useddem tteqnen

srid ɣer ufeggag n umyag»13

II-1-3-Amernu :

Amernu d awal armeskil meḥsub ur yettbeddil ara, yezmer ad yernu deffir n umyag neɣ deffir n umernu-nniḍen.yezmer ad d-yemmal:

a-Amernu n wakud:

Tuget n yimern-agi ttasen-d seg yismawen , ttwasqedcen weḥd-nsen neɣ s tmerna n kra n yiwessilen.

Md: timečča. (Mzb)→ssaḥur(Qbyl)

b-Anemmal n wadeg:

D ayen akk id-yemmalen adeg tikkwal ttasent-d s kra n tenzaɣ tiqburin muggent s talɣa yeddsen tesɛa azal n talɣa taḥerfit.

Md : mani (talɣa taḥerfit) →ɣef mani (talɣa tuddist). c-Anemmal n tesmekta:

Yemmal-d acḥal yellan seg tɣawsa-nni. Md : aṭas, drus,ddeqs.

č-Anemmal n tɣara :

Yemmal-d amek iyemmug kra. M d: tifuddemt.

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Tiẓri Tasnalɣa

26 Agzul: ↓ ↓

Tawsit: Amḍan: Addad:

↓ ↓ ↓

1)Amalay. ↕ 1)Asu . ↕ 1)Addad ilelli. ↕

2)Unti. 2)Asget. 2)Addad amaruz.

Tisuraf: (ismawen ijenṭṭaḍen/timarawt/… . Isem di Tmaziɣt

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

31

Amyag di Tmaziɣt

↓

Ticraḍ tigjdanin

Ticraḍ tmezzayin

Ticraḍ tisuddimin

↓ ↓ ↓

1)Amatar udmawan. 1)Tizelɣiwin n tnilla. 1)Amyaɣ.

2)Afeggag n umyag. 3)Imqimem iwsilen

2)Aswaɣ.

3)Timeẓra.

3)Attwaɣ.

Anemmal di Tmaziɣt

↓

Anemmal

n

wakud .

Anemmal

n

wadeg.

Anemmal

n

tesmekta.

Anemmal

n

tɣara.

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

32

II-2-Tasnamka

Tasnamka d aḥric n tsnilest i izerwen anamek n tayunin n umawal .

ɣer Dubois(j)(1994,sb: ):«d ahric n tesnilest izerwen anamek neɣ unmik n

tayunin tinmawalanin s wassaɣ d unamek-nsent d tesniremt –nsent»14

.

Daɣen ɣer Sadiqi(F)(1997,sb :233) : «tasnamka s umata tettnadi ɣef tnakti* n unamek, d tin yettikin ɣer uḥric n tesnilest, I d-yettledhayen d wayen yesɛan assaɣ ɣer unamek amenzu n wawalen, n wuddusen, d tefyar»15.

II-2-1-Tabadut n tbadut:

Tabadut d asegzi n kra n usentel neɣ n kra n wawalen, tezmer ad tili tusridt neɣ tarusridt. ɣer Pioch (J)(1992, sb:42):«tabadut d aferdis n udiwenni; d

tiririt tusridt ɣef usteqsi».16

Asegzawal le petit Larousse(2003, sb : 308):« d timenna n wamek yegga

welbaɛḍ neɣ amek I tegga kra n tɣawsa,d tulmisin-is tigejdanin ».17

II-2-1-1-Tisekkiwin n tbadut:

Llant kraḍ n lesnaf n tbadutin; tawwayant, tasnalɣamkant d tmegdiwt, yis-sent I nezmer ad d-nesbadu awalen.

a-Tabadut tawwayant:

Tabadut tawwayant akken I tt-id-yesbadu Choi-join(i) d Delhay(c) (1998, sb

319) :« tabadut tawwayant temmal-d seg yiwet n tama tasmilt* uɣur itekki unbadu*, seg tama-nniḍen d tulmisin I tt-yessemgirden s daxel n tesmilt-nni».18

14

(partie de linguistique qui étudie le sens ou le signifie des unités lexicales, tantot en laison avec leur signification(lexicologie), lexicographie tantot en eux-mêmes(neologie).

15

La sémantique s’articule donc directement autour de la notion de sens, c’set la branche de la linguistique qui s’occupe de tout ce qui a tarait au sens premier des mots, syntagmes et des phrases.

16_{La définition c’est un élément de dialogue ; c’est la réponse directe à la question.} 17_{Enonciation de ce qu’est un etre ou une chose, de ces caractères essentiels.} 18

La définition loqigue ou hypéronomique indique d’un part la classe à laquelle appartient le défini-ou/et d’aunte part les propriétés qui le particularisent a l’intérieure de cette classe.

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

33

Md: amlac(Mzb)→zwaǧ(Qbyl)= d assaɣ yettilin gar urgaz d tmeṭṭut yettili s lebɣi-nsen, ilmend n wansayen d leɛwayed n tmetti ideg ttidiren.

b-Tabadut tasnalɣamkant:

D tabadut yerzan talɣa d unamek ɣef tikkelt; anda tasnalɣant tledha d talɣa n wawal ama seg tama n tewsit amḍan d waddad, ma yella d tanamkant tledha d unamek n wawal ad d-naf Choi-join(i) d Delhay(c) (1998, sb 319) nnan-d:« tabadut tasnalɣamkant tettili s beṭṭu n yirman* I d-yettwasegzin, ɣef walɣacen*, iten-id-yesmagayen, d tin yettwasxedmen aṭas I yisuddimen, I yeṭṭfen aḥric ameqqran seg umawal».19

Md: aɛzam (Mzb)→taɣuri(Qbyl)= d isem n tigawt i-d yettwasuddmen seg umyag aḥerfi ɛzem n walɣac ajerruman (a).

c-Tabadut s tmegdiwt:

Tabdut-agi tettili s tekci n wawal yesɛan yiwen n unamek s wawal-nni neɣ tafyirt ara yilin d timegdiwt-is neɣ s unemgal. ɣer Lehman(A) d

Martin-Berthet(F)(1997, sb: 320)nnan-d:«yel amagrad n usegzawal n tutlayt yesɛa aḥric n tbadut s tmegdiwt neɣ s tenmeglawt s yimegla neɣ s yimeglawen iɣer yettuɣal umseknawal»20..

Md: amlac(Mzb)=asili(Mzb)→zweǧ(Qbyl).

19_{La définition morphosémantique consiste en une decomposition du terme défini en ses morphèemes}

constitutifs. Elle est très fréquente pour les mots dérives qui réprésentent deux tiers du lexique.

20

Tout article de dictionnaire de langue comporte en partie une définition à caractères synonymiqye ou antonymique sous la forme des synonymes ou d’antonymes auquels le lexicographe renvoie.

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

34

II-2-2-Assaɣen isnamkanen:

II-2-2-1-

Tagetnamka*:

Awal agtnamek d awal I yesɛan ugar n yiwen n unamek, tagetnamka ɣer

Maḥrazi(M)(2001, sb : 10):«tagetnamka d attewel* I nezmer add-naf deg tutlayin akk, d yiwen n uzamul* yettwasexdem deg waṭas n tegnatin».21

Daɣen ɣer Dubois(J)(1999, sb: 369):«tagetnamka neqqar-itt mi ara yili

uzmul asnilsan yesɛa aṭas n yinumak, s wakka tayunt tasnilsant neqqar-as tagetnamka».22

Md: imensiwen n teltiyam(Mzb)

1- d imensawen xedmen deg kraḍ n wussan.

2- d sadaqa xedmen ɣef win yemmuten deffir n tmettant-is s kraḍ n wussan.

II-2-2-2-

Taynisemt*:

Taynisemt neqqar-itt mi ara yilin kra n wawalen ttwaru ttwanṭaqen s yiwet n talɣa maca mgaraden deg unamek .

Ɣer Dubois(J)(1999, sb: 234):«aynisem d awal i d-nessusruy neɣ/ nettaru t am wayeḍ, maca ur yesɛi ara anamek n uneggaru-agi»23

Md: yura 1-yura tabrat. 2-yura= lmektub.

21

La polysémie est un trait constitutif de toute langues naturelle, elle repend au principe d’économie linguistique : un meme signe sert a plusieures usages.

22_{On appele polysémie la proprieté d’un signe linguistique qui à plusieurs sens, l’unité linquistique est alors}

dite polysémie.

23

Un homonyme est un mot qu’on prononce ou/et qu’on écrit comme un autre, mais qui n’a pas le meme sens que se dernier.

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

35

II-2-2-3-

Timegdiwt*:

Tettili timegdiwt ticki sin wawalen sɛan yiwen n unamek maca mgaraden deg talɣa.

Timegdiwt ɣer Dubois(J)(1999, sb: 465):«iimegdiwen d awalen yesɛan

yiwen n unamek neɣ mqaraben deg unamek maca talɣa-nsen temgerad».24 Md: asder=akuter (Mzb)→lemɛiwna(Qbyl).

II-2-2-4-

Aynamek*:

D awal yesɛan anagar yiwen n unamek ɣer Dubois(J)(1999, sb:

309):«neqqar i walɣac* neɣ i wawal d aynamek mi ara yesɛu yiwen n unamek s

tenmegla ɣer wawal yesɛan aṭas n yinumak»25.

Md: tiwsarin(Mzb)= d awal yesɛan yiwen n unamek , d sadaqat i setren amdan mi ara yunag.

**II-2-2-5-Tameglalawt*:**

Neqqar tameglalawt ticki awalen ad ilin d inemgalen.ad d-naf Choi-Jonin d Delhay(c)(1998, sb: 308):«tameglawt tettili gar sin n yizumal yemgaraden.tettwaɛqal s tenmegla tamawalant(ali≠ader), neɣ s tenmegla taseddasnt(aɣezfan≠macidaɣezfan)neɣ s tenmegla tasuddmant(usrid≠arusrid).»26 Tameglalawt ɣer Dubois(J)(1999, sb: 335):« d assaɣ imsemgired yellan gar snat n tayunin yesɛan yiwen n uswir(imeslic*alɣac).»

Md: izem≈ isem

24

« Sont synonymes des mots de meme sens, ou approximativement de meme sens, et de formes différents ».

25

« Un morphème ou un mot sont monosémique quand ils n’ont qu’un seul sens, par opposition aux mots qui ont pusieurs sens »

26_{L’autonyme s’observe entre deux signes différents. Elle se marque alors soit part une opposition}

lexixale(monter≠desender), soit par une opposition syntaxique(long≠pas long),soit enfin ine opposition dérivationnelle(lisible/illisible)

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

36

Agzul:

Tasnamka

↓

Tabadut n tbadut

↓

Tabadut tawwayant Tabadut

tasnalɣamkant

Tabadut s tmegdiwt

Assaɣen isnamkanen

↓

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

37

II-3-Tabadut n temsislit:

Tasmsislit d arwas n wawal n tefransist phonétique; (am) d alɣac n yisem n umeskar akked umyag (sel) . D tifurkect seg tesnilest i d-yelhan d yimesla n umdan wer ma tecɣel d yinumak-nsen, tekkes daɣen imesla ur nelli n umdan . ɣer C Le Blanc(G)(1981,sb: 40): «d tifurkect n tesnilest i zerwen imesla n tutlayin d teywalt.»27

II-3-1-Tifurkac n temsislit:

llant kraḍ n tfurkac n temsislit: timsusrut, tasenselt d temseflidt.

a-Tamsislit timsusrut:

D timsislit yerzan amek i d-tefɣen yimesla seg usagu* imiɣac* n umdan “turin, timzizin timiɣac*, igmamen isiraz*…).

Md: iwakken ad d-nsusru imesli [p] s tefransist ilaq ad nesddukkel sin n yicenfiren, ad d-nsufeɣ kra n wuzwu seg turin, s yen akkin ad neldi icenfiren.

b-Timsislit tasenselt:

Tzarew asifed n yimesla am wakken d tumanin timergagayin, iteddun deg uzwu s tɣawla n 340m/s d tamsislit iqerben ɣer tsengama, tsemras isuga n usket“asnagar, tusda, tiddin“.

Md: asnagar n yimesli i d-tefka tergalt[s] yugar asnagar i d-tefka tergalt [ ∫].28

c-Tamsislit tamseflidt:

D tamsislit isezrawen amek yurnan umeẓẓuɣ imesla n usiwel, meḥsub d tamurnant n yimesla.“tazrawt n usagu imseflid akked uksengal n yimesla“29.

27_{« C’est une branche de la linguistique qui étudié les sons d’une langue ou d’une communication »} 28

Timsirin n temsislit 2015.

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Tiẓri Tamsislit

38

II-3-2-Agemmay n tmaziɣt:

D agraw n tergalin d tiɣra n yiwet n tutlayt. Asegzwal le petit Larousse

(2003, sb: 56) yesbadu t id am wakken:«d ummuɣ n yisekkilen mseḍfaren s yis-s nettaru imeyis-sla n yiwet n tutlayt».30

ɣer Nait Zerrad (k) (2001,sb:15):‹‹Imesla, tirgalin d tiɣra, i d-yessiliɣen awalen n tmaziɣt ttwasbegnen-d deg ugemmay n 32 n yisekkilen, ttwarun s tlaṭinit».31

Ihi agemmay n tmaziɣt yettwaru s tlaṭinit s yiwen n unagraw yennernan seg yimahilen n Boulifa S.A almi d wigad n M.Mɛemmri d anagraw yettnernin ar tizi n wass-a. Asekkil Amedya

A

Aman

B

bibb/baba

C

Amcic

Č

Ameččim

D

Dadda/udi

Ḍ

Aḍar

E

Iles

F

Tafat

G

Targa/agu

Ǧ

Yeǧǧa

H

Yelha

Ḥ

Yeḥma

I

Iles

J

Tajeǧǧigt

K

Akal/ayefki

L

Laman

30_{« Liste de toutes les lettres servent à transcrireles sons d’une langue et énuméers selon un ordre}

conventionnel. »

31

« Les sons,consonnes et voyelles , qui forment les mots de la langue kabyle sont représentés par un alphabet de 32 lettres, basé sur une notation latine »

(35)

Tiẓri Tamsislit

39

M

Yemma

N

Yenwa

Ɣ

Aɣrum

Q

Aqabac

R

Amrar

Ṛ

Yeṛwa

S

Yeswa

Ṣ

ṣubb

T

Tawla/

Ṭ

Tameṭṭut

U

Ul

W

Awal

X

Axxam

Y

Ayla

Z

_Azekka

Ẓ

_Aẓar

Ɛ

_ɛemmi

II-3-1-1-Anagraw iniɣri n tmaziɣt:

Di tmaziɣt llant kraḍ n tiɣra tigejdanin ( a,i,u). D tiɣra tilemt (e). ɣer Nait

Zerrad(k) (2001, sb: 17):«lant kraḍ n tiɣra tigejdanin: a, i, u.».32

i u a i=[i],[é],[è] a=[ӕ],[Ə] u=[u],[o]

(36)

Tiẓri Tamsislit

40

II-3-1-2-Asismel n tergalin:

Asismel n tergalin yettili ilmend n wadeg n ususru d wamek n ususru. Adeg n ususru yettili-d ilmend n yigmamen ittikin deg ufares n yimesli. „Icenfiren→asusru asincuc.

uglan→asusru amsugel. icenfiren→asusru ancugel. idlugel→asusru imelugel. Inaɣ→asusru iniɣi.

Inaɣ alqaq→asusru inalqaq. taclalt→asusru amseclal“.33

Amek n ususru yettaǧa-aɣ ad d-nefrez kraḍ n lesnaf n tergalin:

1-Tirgalin timsiwal d tɛezzugin: d tirgalin i d-itefɣen s tettikin n temzizin

timiɣac md: [b],[d].

2-Tirgalin timsenzar d timawin: timsenzar d tid i d-itefɣen seg yinzaren md:[m],[n].

3-Tirgalin taggaɣin d tumrayin: nettmeslay-d ɣef tergalin taggaɣin tillin u

wugur deg ufares n yimesli md: [b],[p] ma yella d tumrayin d tirgalin i d itefɣen wer tillin n wugur deg ufares n yimesli md: [f],[s].

(37)

Tiẓri Tamsislit

41

Agemmay amsislan :

Tesnulfat–id tiddukkla n temsislilt tagraɣlant, i d-yeslal umesniles afransis

“ Paul Edouard Passy“ deg useggas n 1886, iswi-ines d tira n yimesla n

tutlayin akk n umaḍal s yiwen unagraw, anda yel imesli ad yettwaru s yiwen n usekkil neɣ yiwen n usekkil ad yesɛu kann yiwen n yimesli.

Kra n yiwellihen yerzan tira tamsislant:

1)Ajerriḍ ddaw n tergalt yemmal-d tizenzeɣt. 2)Aɛeqqa ddaw n tergalt yemmal-d tuffayt.

3)Imesli ussid nettaru-t d yiwen n usekkil ameqqaran.

4)yel azamul yesɛa kan yiwen n wazal, ihi yesfek ad naru akken iwata izamulen akken ur nsexlaḍ ara gar-asen.

II-3-2-3-Agemmay amsislan n tmaziɣt:

asekkil Asekkil s tira timsislit

A

[ӕ] [a]

B

[B] [ḇ]

C

[∫]

Č

[Č]

D

[D] [ḏ]

Ḍ

[ḍ]

E

_[ᵊ]

F

[F]

(38)

Tiẓri Tamsislit

42

G

[G] [Ǥ]

Ǧ

[G] [ǳ]

H

[H]

Ḥ

[ḥ]

I

[I]

J

[J]

K

[K] [ḵ]

L

[l]

M

[m]

N

[m]

Ɣ

[ɣ]

O

[ʘ] [ο]

P

[p]

Q

[q]

S

[s]

Ṣ

[ṣ]

T

[t] [o] [ṯ]

Ṭ

[ṭ]

U

[u]

W

[w]

X

[x]

(39)

Tiẓri Tamsislit

43

Y

[y] Z [z] Ẓ [ẓ] Ɛ [ɛ] R [R] ṛ [ṛ] K [k] X [k] Q [q] Ɣ [ɣ] P [p]

II-3-3-Tulmisin n tergalin n Tumzabt:

Tumẓabt d tantala taggaɣt werǧin ad d-naf deg-s tirgalin tizenzaɣin. Ulac izenzaɣ n tergalin-agi deg tumẓabt:[t], [b], [k], [d].

Amzun daɣen yettili-d ubeddel deg kra n tergalin seg teqbaylit ɣer tumẓabt:

1)g→ǧ.md: argaz(Qbyl)→arǧaz(Mzb). Agraw(Qbyl)→aǧraw(Mzb). g→j. md: targa(Qbyl)→tarja(Mzb). md :agellid(Qbyl)→ajellid(Mzb). 2)k→c.md: akanif(Qbyl)→acanif(Mzb). : tikli→ticli k→č.md: tikkelt→tiččelt.

(40)

Tiẓri Tamsislit

44 Agzul: Tamsislit ↓ Tifurkac n temsislit ↓

Tamsislit timsusrut Tamsislit tasenselt Tamsislit tamseflidt

Agemmay n Tmaziɣt

↓

Anagraw iniɣri Asismel n tergalin

Agemmay amsislan n Tmaziɣt ↓

(41)

(42)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

46

Deg uḥric n tesleḍt ad neɛreḍ ad neg kraḍ n tselḍin, tamezwarut d tasnalɣant, tis snat d tasnamkant d temsislant, i wammud n tesreḍt i d-negmer seg temnaḍt n tɣerdayt.

Deg uḥric n tesleḍt tasnalɣant ad d-nefk aẓar n yel awal, tawsit-is, amḍan-is d waddad-is.

Deg tesleḍt tasnamkant, ad d-nefk anamek n yel awal ilmend n yimsulɣa d kra n yisegzawalen.

Deg uḥric n tesleḍt tamsislant ad nexdem tasleḍt i wammud s yen akkin ad d-nefk amgired yellan gar tantala taqbaylit d tumẓabt.

(43)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

47

Aḥric n tesleḍt amezwaru:

Tayunt n umawal: asjad [æ s j æ d] Aẓar: √

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: asjad

Unti:/ D aferdis deg tzallit yettili-d mi ara yeknu umdan aqerru-ines gar rekɛat ɣer tmurt iwakken ad d-yini subḥan rebbi l aɛla.

Amḍan: Asuf: asjad Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: asjad

Amaruz: usjad Tayunt n umawal: aser [æ s ǝ r] Aẓar: √sr

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:aser

Unti:tasert D madan yemgaraden ɣef wiyaḍ ifren-it yillu iwakken ad yessiweḍ izen-is yerzan tasreḍt ɣer yimdanen iwakken ad t-ɛebden.(nbi)

Amḍan: Asuf:aser Asget:israwen Addad: Ilelli:aser

(44)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

48 Tayunt n umawala: aɛessas [æ ɛ ǝ S a s] Aẓar: √ɛS

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: aɛessas

Unti: taɛessast

D adeg deg lǧameɛ ansi i yessawal limam ɣer tẓallit.

Amḍan: Asuf: aɛessas Asget: iɛessasen Addad: Ilelli: aɛessas

Amaruz: uɛessas

Tayunt n umawal: aẓumi.[a ẓ u m i] Aẓar:√ẓm

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: aẓumi

Unti:/ D aggur deg useggas n yinselmen anda ttuẓamen deg-s yimdanen, seg walluy n tfuyt ɣer uɣelluy-ines.

Amḍan: Asuf: aẓumi Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: aẓumi

Amaruz: uẓumi

(45)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

49 Aẓar:√ḥǦ

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: aḥeǧǧi

Unti:/ 1)D tigejdit tis semmus n lislam ɣer yinselmen.

2)D tinigin n yinselmen yel aseggas ɣer uxxam n rebbi .

Amḍan: Asuf: aḥeǧǧi Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: aḥeǧǧi

Amaruz: uḥeǧǧi

Tayunut n umawal: anejlus. [æ n ǝ j l u s] Aẓar:√njls

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: anejlus

Unti: tanejlust D ayen imu neqqar s teqbaylit lmalayek. Amḍan: Asuf: anejlus

Asget: inejlas Addad: Ilelli: anejlus

(46)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

50 Tayunt n umawal: ameqqran [æ m ǝ Q r æ n] Aẓar:√mQrn

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: ameqqran

Unti:/ D rebbi. Amḍan: Asuf:ameqqran Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli:ameqqran Amaruz: umeqqran

Tayunt n umawal: adaymun [æ d æ y m u n ] Aẓar:√dymn

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: adaymun

Unti: tadaymunt 1)D ciṭṭan.

2) d amdan i y xeddmen ala ayen n diri deg tudert-is.

Amḍan: Asuf: adaymun Asget: idaymunen Addad: Ilelli: adaymun

(47)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

51 Tayunt n umawal:amlac.[æ m l æ ʃ ] Aẓar: √mlc

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: amlac

Unti:/ D assaɣ yettilin gar urgaz d tmeṭṭut yettili-d ilmend n tesreḍt ansayen d leɛwayed n tmetti . Amḍan: Asuf: amlac

Asget: imlacen Addad: Ilelli:amlac

Amaruz: umlac Tayunt n umawal: asili. [ æ s i l i] Aẓar: √sl

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: asili

Unti:/ D assaɣ yettilin gar urgaz d tmeṭṭut yettili-d ilmend n tesreḍt ansayen d leɛwayed n tmetti . Amḍan: Asuf: asili

Asget: / Addad: Ilelli: asili

Amaruz: usili

(48)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

52 Aẓar:√ḥnt

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:aḥnet

Unti:/ Mi ara yeggal umdan s yisem n rebbi s yen akkin ad yuɣal deg wawal-is.

Amḍan: Asuf: aḥnet. Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: aḥnet

Amaruz: uḥnat

Tayunt n umawal: ajujil. [ æ j u j i l ] Aẓar: √Jl

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: ajujil

Unti: tajujilt D agrud ur nesɛi ara imawlan. Amḍan: Asuf: ajujil

Asget: ijujilen Addad: Ilelli: ajujil.

(49)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

53 Tayunt n umawal: agellil [ æ g ǝ L i l ] Aẓar: √gL

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: agellil

Unti: tagellilt 1)D amdan ur yesɛin kra s way-s ara yedder. 2)D win imu ttaken yemdanen sadaqat . Amḍan: Asuf: agellil

Asget: igellilen Addad: Ilelli: agellil

Amaruz: ugellil

Tayunt n umawal: addan [æ D a n] Aẓar:√Dn

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: addan

Unti:/ D tawasra.

Mi ara yexdem welbeɛḍ kra n wayen ur nlaq ara s yen akkin win i t-yeẓran ad t-yester akken ur sellen ara yemdanen s wanect-nni. Amḍan: Asuf:addan

Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: addan

(50)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

54 Tayunt n umawal: aserkem.[æ s ǝ r k ǝ m] Aẓar:√srkm

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: aserkem

Unti:/ D tawasra.

Mi ara yexdem welbeɛḍ kra n wayen ur nlaq ara s yen akkin win i t-yeẓran ad t-yester akken ur sellen ara yemdanen s wanect-nni. Amḍan: Asuf: aserkem

Asget:/

Addad: Ilelli: aserkem Amaruz: userkem

Tayunt n umawal: amnafeq.[æ m n æ f ǝ q ] Aẓar: √mnfq

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: amnafaq

Unti: tamnafaqt D amdan iheddren ɣef wiyaḍ ma yili ulac-iten. Amḍan: Asuf: amnqaf

Asget: imnafqen Addad: Ilelli: amnafaq

(51)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

55 Tayunt n umawal: aḥuli [ æ ḥ u l i ] Aẓar:√ḥl

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: aḥuli

Unti:/ D iselsa tettlusu-ten tmeṭṭut izewǧen mi ara teffeɣ ɣer berra iɣum akk tafekka-ines tettaǧeǧa-d anagar yiwet n tiṭ.

Amḍan: Asuf: aḥuli Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: aḥuli

Amaruz: uḥuli

Tayunt n umawal: asebbaḥ.[æ s B a ḥ] Aẓar: √sBḥ.

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: asebbaḥ

Unti:/

Amdan ad ifares tagnit mi ara yili weḥd-s ad isebbeḥ,; ad d-yini subḥan allah, lḥemdu lilah, neɣ iqqer iten id deg tẓalit.

Amḍan: Asuf:asebbaḥ Asget:/

Addad: Ilelli:asebbaḥ Amaruz: usebbaḥ

(52)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

56 Tayunt n umawal: acahed.[æ c æ h ǝ d] Aẓar:√chd

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: acahed

Unti: / D chada (achadu ana la ilaha ila alah wa ana muḥemmed rasul allah )

Amḍan: Asuf: acahed Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: acahed

Amaruz: ucahed Tayunt n umawl: acla.[ æ ʃ l æ] Aẓar:√cl

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:acla

Unti:/ D attkal ɣef rebbi di yel tamsalt n tmeddurt seg tudert n umdan.

Amḍan: Asuf: acla Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: acla

(53)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

57 Tayunt n umawal: aḥellel. [ æ ḥ ǝ L ǝ l] Aẓar: √ḥL

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: aḥellel

Unti: taḥellelt D ayen ara d-yawi umdan s leɛtab-is s dat n rebbi d yemdanen .

Amḍan: Asuf: aḥellel Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: aḥellel

Amaruz: uḥellel

Tayunt n umawal: asellem. [ æ s ǝ L ǝ m ] Aẓar: √sLm

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: asellem

Unti:/ 1)Mi ara d-iɛeddi umdan sdat wayeḍ ad as-yini yiwen seg-sen :salam rebbi fell-awen. 2)yeqqar-it i d umdan di tagara n tazallit. Amḍan: Asuf: asellem

Asget:/

Addad: Ilelli: asellem Amaruz: usellem

(54)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

58 Tayunt n umawal: anil [æ n i l ].

Aẓar:√nl

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: anil

Unti:/ D amkan anda ara meḍlen win yemmuten. D timeqbert.

Amḍan: Asuf: anil Asget: inilen Addad: Ilelli: anil

Amaruz: wanil

Tayunt n umawal: asameḥ [æ s æ m ǝ ḥ ] Aẓar√smḥ

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:asameḥ

Unti:/ Mi ara yeɣleḍ welbeɛḍ ad isuter smaḥ . Amḍan: Asuf:asameḥ

Asget:/

Addad: Ilelli: asameḥ Amaruz: usameḥ

(55)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

59 Tayunt n umawal: acawer [æ ʃ æ w ǝ r ] Aẓar:√cwr

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: acawer

Unti:/

Mi ara yexdem yiwen kra maca ama icawer agraw n yimdanen wiyaḍ.

Amḍan: Asuf: acawer Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: acawer

Amaruz: ucawer

Tayunt n umawal: asdar [ æ s d æ r ] Aẓar:√sdr

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:asdar

Unti:/ D lemɛiwna yettilin gar yimdanen Amḍan: Asuf:asdar

Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli:asdar

(56)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

60 Tayunt n umawal: akuter [æ k u t ǝ r ] Aẓar: √ktr

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: akuter

Unti:/ D lemɛiwna yettilin gar yimdanen Amḍan: Asuf: akuter

Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli: akuter

Amaruz: ukuter

Tayunt n umawal: arazen [æ r æ z ǝ n ] Aẓar:√rzn

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: arazen

Unti:/

Mi ara yeffeɣ umdan seg ubrid n tineslemt neɣ ixeddem ayen n diri syen akkin ad yuɣal ad yendem, ad yebɣu as iseɣti ayen akk deg wayen yecceḍ.

Amḍan: Asuf:/

Asget: arazen Addad: Ilelli: arazen

(57)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

61 Tayunt n umawal: abyennu [ æ b y ǝ N u] Aẓar:√byN

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: abyennu

Unti:/ D tagnit anda ara swwen ibawen ttakken-ten i warrac imectaḥ ad ten-ferqen ɣef yixxamen deg at yezjen isem-is yekka-d seg yisem n nbi Nuḥ abyennu= bab t-neɣ Nuḥ

(Sadaqa) Amḍan: Asuf: abyannu

Asget:/

Addad: Ilelli: abyennu Amaruz: ubyennu

Tayunt n umawal: lfalaqa [l f æ l æ q æ] Aẓar: √Lfq

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: lfalaqa

Unti:7 D tiyitiwin ɣer uzagur neɣ leḥfa n yiḍaren n win ara ixedmen kra iḥerrem-it lislam.

Amḍan: Asuf:lfalaqa Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli:lfalaqa

(58)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

62 Tayunt n umawal: layet [ l æ y ǝ t]

Aẓar:√lY

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:/

Unti:layet D kra n yijarriḍen seg tsurtin n leqran. Amḍan: Asuf: layet

Asget: layat Addad: Ilelli: layet

Amaruz:/

Tayunt n umawal: lewsiyyet [ l ǝ w s i Yǝ t ] Aẓar: √lwsY

Unti: lewsiyet Mi ara yemmet welbaɛḍ ad d-yeǧǧ lewsiyet deg-s ara d_isefhem kra.

Amḍan: Asuf: lewsiyet Asget: lewsayet Addad: Ilelli:lewsiyet

Amaruz:/

(59)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

63 Tayunt n umawal: lemkaber [ l ǝ m k æ b r ] Aẓar: √lmkbr

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay: lemkaber

Unti:/ D tagnit tbeddu seg waggur n yennayer almi d aggur n meɣres, ttruḥun deg-s imẓabiyen ɣer temjida beddun aɛzam n wawal n umeqqran sdeffir n tzalit n ɣbecca

Amḍan: Asuf:lemkaber Asget:/

Addad: Ilelli: lemkaber Amaruz:/

Tayunt n umawal: tiẓernin [ t i ẓ ǝ r n i n ] Aẓar: √ẓrN

Unti:tiẓernin D taẓalit yettilin lawan n ṭhur. Amḍan: Asuf:/

Asget: tiẓernin Addad: Ilelli: tiẓernin

(60)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

64 Tayunt n umawal:taggzin [t æ G ẓ i n ] Aẓar: √Gzn Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:/ Unti: taggzin D taẓalit n lɛaser. Amḍan: Asuf:taggzin Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli:taggzin Amaruz: teggẓin

Tayunt n umawal: tisemsin [ t i s ǝ m s i n ] Aẓar: √sMn Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:/ Unti: tisemsin D taẓalit n lmeɣreb Amḍan: Asuf:/ Asget:tisemsin Addad: Ilelli:tisemins Amaruz:/

(61)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

65 Tayunt n umawal: tiniḍes [ t i n i ḍ s] Aẓar:√nḍs

Unti:tiniḍes D taẓalit n lɛica. Amḍan: Asuf: tiniḍes

Asget: / Addad: Ilelli: tiniḍes

Amaruz:/

Tayunt n umawal: tsurit [ t s u r i t ] Aẓar:√sr

Unti:tsurit D tasuret , d awal n yella (rebbi) Amḍan: Asuf: tsurit

Asget: tsurtin Addad: Ilelli: tsurit

(62)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

66 Tayunt numawal: tamjida [ t æ m j i d æ] Aẓar:√mjd

Unti:tamjida D adeg n tẓallit, s teqbaylit lǧameɛ. Amḍan: Asuf: tamjida

Asget: tamjidat Addad: Ilelli: tamjida

Amaruz: temjida

Tayunt n umawal: timestar. [t i m s t æ r ] Aẓar:√mstr

Unti: timestar D ayen ssuffuɣen yimẓabiyen n sadaqat mi ara yunag welbeɛḍ akken ad t-setrent.

Amḍan: Asuf:/

Asget:timestar Addad: Ilelli: timestar

(63)

Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

67

Tayunt n umawal: idewwaren. [ i D ǝ w a r n ]. Aẓar:√dWr

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:idewwaren

Unti:/ D tagnit n usfugel ɣer yimẓabiyen, anda ara dewwren akk i leqser n At yezjen si 7 n sbeḥ almi d taẓalit n ṭhur ttawin id-sen igerdan iwakken ad asen-meslayen ɣef umezruy n yel amkan ideg selmaden deg-s leqran am zzawiyat d leǧwameɛ. Ad kfun idewwaren s sadaqat d lweɛdat.

Amḍan: Asuf:/

Asget:idewwaren Addad: Ilelli :idewwaren

Amaruz: /

Tayunt n umawal: taɣimit [ t æ ɣ i m i t ] Aẓar:√ɣm

Unti: taɣimit D anejmuɛ deg tamjida gar yizeɛlak n yiɣrem d yibeẓẓan yettili deg-s uɛzam n wawal n umeqqran.

Amḍan: Asuf: taɣimit Asget: tiɣimiyin Addad: Ilelli: taɣimit

Amaruz: tɣimit

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Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

68 Tayunt n umawal: ẓiyara [ ẓ i y a r a] Aẓar:√ẓyr

Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:

Unti: ẓiyara D rwah ɣer yimukan yesɛan assaɣ ɣer tesreḍt n yinselmen deg yiɣrem n at yezjen si 7 n sbaḥ almi tameddit ttilint deg-s ddeɛwat s lxir. Amḍan: Asuf: ẓiyara

Asget:ẓiyarat Addad: Ilelli: ẓiyara

Amaruz:/ Tayunt n umawal:yuc [ y u ʃ ] Aẓar:√yc Talɣa Anamek Tawsit: Amalay:yuc Unti:/ D rebbi. Amḍan: Asuf:yuc Asget:/ Addad: Ilelli:yuc Amaruz:/

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Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

69

II)Aḥric wis sin seg tesleḍt tasnalɣamkant:

1)Awal n umeqqran

 Isem+tanzeɣt+isem  D leqran, d awal n rebbi 2)agway n yiḍ

 Isem+tanzeɣt+isem  Taẓallit deg yiḍ 3)aqasi n yidammen

 Isem+tanzeɣt+isem

 Akken txedmed ak yettwaxdem(timenɣiwt s tmenɣiwt, ajraḥ s ujraḥ)

4)acemmar n usersi

 D adiwenni gar yimdanen yettili s uqader gar ugraw-nni n yimsiwal.

5)argab n yyur

 D leḥsab n yimẓabiyen mi ara bɣun ad ẓren melmi d aggur n lɛid. 6)amezwar n yimjujen.

 D aggur deg useggas n yinselmen( rabiɛ1) 6)alemmas n yimjujen.

 D aggur deg useggas n yinselmen(ǧumada1) 7)aneǧǧaru n yimjujen

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Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

70

 D aggur deg useggas n yinselmen( ǧumada aneggaru) 8)asǧa n lkembert

 D rwaḥ ɣer tmeḍlin n wigad yemmuten. 9)aẓuri n imenninta

 D rwaḥ ɣer tmeḍlin n wigad yemmuten. 10)aḥmad n yuc

 Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.  Ad yeḥmed umdan rebbi. 11)jar leɛyud

 Tanzeɣt+isem

 D aggur deg useggas n yinselmen( du lqiɛda) 12)lɛid abeẓẓan

 Isem+isem

 Lɛid tamecṭuḥt s way-s sfugulen yinselmen tagara n waggur n remḍan.

13)lɛid azeɛluk

 Isem+isem

 Lɛid tameqqrant s wya-s sfugulen yinselmen zellun deg-s akraren tisita... .

14)lilet el qedr

 Isem+isem

 Iḍ n 27 deg waggur n remḍan. 15)imensiwen n teltyam

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Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

71 16)imensiwen n 15 n wussan

 D sadaqa xeddmen deffir n tmettant s 15 n wussan. 17)imensiwen n 40 n wussan

 Isem+tanzeɣt+isem+tanẓeɣt+isem

 D sadaqa xeddmen deffir n tmettant s 15 n wussan. 18)tirsal n lislam

 D lsasat tigejdanin i ɣef yerres lislam(acahed, tazallit, zakat, aẓumi, aḥeǧǧi). 19)Tawqit n ddunit  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem  D tagara n ddunit. 20)taddart n rebbi  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.  D axxam n rebbi . 21)tajemmi iɛellan.  Isem+isem.  D lǧennet. 22)timsi n lexert.  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.  D ǧahanemma 23)tara n yimriwen.  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.

 D win yettaɣen awal i yimawlan. 24)ṭiwri n yimriwen.

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Tasleḍt (tasnalɣant , tasnamkant)

72  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.

 D win yeffɣen abrid i yimawlan. 25)uffuɣ n lmillet .

 Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.

 D win yeffɣen i ubrid n lislam (d imecrek). 26)yyur n lmulud.  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.  D lmulud . 27)yyur n lɛid.  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.  D lmulud . 28)100 n rekɛet.  Isem+tanzeɣt+isem.

 D 100 n tẓulla deg yiḍ n 15 seg waggur n caɛban ideg ttuẓamen warrac i tikkelt tamenzut deg tudert-nsen.

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Tasleḍt (Tamsislant)

66

Tasleḍt tamsislant:

1)imesli Tira tamsislant 2)Asellem _{[ӕ s L}

_ₔ

_m] 3)Aqasi n yidammen [ӕ q ӕ s i n y i d ӕ m n] 4)anil [ӕ n i l ] 5)Aḥmad n rebbi [ӕ ḥ m ӕ d n r ₔ B i] 6)Asameḥ [ӕ s ӕ m ₔ ḥ] 7)acawer [ӕ ∫ ӕ w ₔ r ] 8)Asdar [ӕ s d ӕ r] 9)arazen [ӕ r ӕ z ₔ n] 10)aja [ӕ j ӕ ] 11)Asjad [ӕ s j ӕ d ] 12)Aser [ӕ s ₔ r ] 13)Aɛessas [ӕ ɛ ₔ S a s ] 14)Awal n umeqqran [ӕ w ӕ l n u m ₔ Q r ӕ n ] 15)Aẓumi [ӕ ẓ u m i ] 16)Aḥeǧǧi [ӕ ḥ ₔ Ǧ i ] 17)anejlus [ӕ n j l u s] 18)Ameqqran [ӕ m ₔ Q r ӕ n ] 19)Aɛzam n leqran [ӕ ɛ z ӕ m n l ₔ q r ӕ n ] 20)Agway n yiḍ [ӕ g w a y n y i ḍ] 21)Adaymun [ӕ d ӕ y m u n ] 22)Amlac [ӕ m l ӕ ∫ ] 23)Aḥnet [ӕ ḥ n ₔ t] 24)Ajujil [ӕ j u j i l ] 25)agellil [ӕ g ₔ L i l ] 26)Addan [ӕ D ӕ n ]

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Tasleḍt (Tamsislant)

67 27)Amnafaq [ӕ m n ӕ f ӕ q ] 28)Aḥuli [ӕ ḥ u l i ] 29)Asebbaḥ [ӕ s ₔ B a ḥ ] 30)Acahed [ӕ c a h ₔ d ] 31)Acla [ӕ c l ӕ ] 32)Aḥellel [ӕ ḥ ₔ L ₔ l] 33)Beṭṭu [ b ₔ Ṭ u] 34)Cefɛi [∫ ₔ f ɛ i ] 35)Caɛban [∫ ӕ ɛ b ӕ n ] 36)Ddin [D i n ] 37)Falaqa [F ӕ l ӕ q ӕ] 38)Lewter [ l ₔ w t ₔ r ] 39)Layet [l ӕ y ₔ t ] 40)Lewḍu [l ₔ w ḍ u ] 45)Lislam [L i s l ӕ m] 46)Lmulud [ l m u l u d ] 47)Lɛid abeẓẓan [ l ɛ i d a b ₔ Ẓ a n ] 48)Lɛid azeɛluk [ l ɛ i d a z ₔ ɛ l u k ] 49)Lxir [ l x i r ] 50)Limam [ l i m ӕ m ] 51)Lmektub [ l m ₔ k t u b ] 52)Lexert [ l ₔ x ₔ r t] 53)Lmuden [ l m u d ₔ n ] 54)Lilet el qedr [l i l ₔ t e l qₔ d r] 55)Leḥsab [ l ₔ ḥ s ӕ b ] 56)Lqeblet [l q ₔ b l t] 57)Laden [ l ӕ d ₔ n ]

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Tasleḍt (Tamsislant)

68

seg wayen i d-segza tira tamsislant n 57 n wawalen seg wammud n umahil banent-d tulmisin n tantala tumẓabt d umgired yellan gar-as d tantala taqbaylit:

1) Tanatala tumẓabt d tantala taggaɣt ulac deg-s tergalin tizenzaɣin yellan deg teqbaylit.

Md: [ l ₔ ḥ s ӕ b ](Mzb)→ [ l ₔ ḥ s ӕ ḇ ](Qbyl). Md: [ l ₔ x ₔ r t] (Mzb)→ [ l ₔ x a r ṯ] (Qbyl). Md: [ l ɛ i d] (Mzb)→ [ l ɛ i ḏ] (Qbyl).

Md: [ l m ₔ k t u b ] (Mzb)→ [ l m ₔ ḵ t u b ] (Qbyl).

2)Llant kra n tergalin ttbeddilent seg tumẓabt ɣer teqbaylit: Md: (j→g) [ӕ j u j i l ] (Mzb)→ [ӕ g u j i l ](Qbyl). [ӕ j ₔ L i l ] (Mzb)→[ӕ g ₔ L i l ] (Qbyl). Md: (ǧ→g) [ӕ r ǧ a z ] (Mzb)→ [ӕ r g a z ] (Qbyl). Md: (c→k) [ӕ c ӕ l ] (Mzb)→[ӕ ḵ ӕ l ] (Qbyl). Md: (č→k) [n ₔ Č] (Mzb)→[ n ₔ K ] (Qbyl).

ɣer abedellah(N)(2006/2007, sb: 08) yenna-d:«asmeskel-agi ur yelli ara d alugen amatu yezmer ur d-iḍerru ara deg kra n tegnatin».34

ur yelli ara ilebda acku llant tegnatin anda ad d-nsusru tirgalin-agi am teqbaylit am tumẓabt, md:1) kellex→kellx 2)agezzan→agezzan.

34

« Cependant, cette variation ne constitue pas une règle générale, et ne se produit pas dans certains cas ».

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