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Time-varying exponential stabilization of nonholonomic systems in power form

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(1)Time-varying exponential stabilization of nonholonomic systems in power form Jean-Baptiste Pomet, Claude Samson. To cite this version: Jean-Baptiste Pomet, Claude Samson. Time-varying exponential stabilization of nonholonomic systems in power form. [Research Report] RR-2126, INRIA. 1993. �inria-00074546v2�. HAL Id: inria-00074546 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074546v2 Submitted on 7 Aug 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Time-varying Exponential Stabilization of Nonholonomic Systems in Power Form Jean-Baptiste POMET , Claude SAMSON. N˚ 2126 De´cembre 1993. PROGRAMME 4. Robotique, image et vision. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche. 1993.

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(62) H:+i}‚r ! :”¯ ¶dfdul€‹rlEsft§yl[e}ª¿sfzlpqrl~ri~Vt§eLdeª  =ȏbeh‚ €twVl~dfl+ih€\i‰ª«xz‚rEsft§eL‚!eª>sut§k)ly{~gLeyl~df¹ ‚@l(q”¦ ;  @Ç{~sfzt®€>beh‚Vsfdueh¨Vghxridji}‚Vsfll€ÄqreLxz‚r”lV‚zl€f€Àe}ª = ! I888-I (@¿i}‚rŽl~yl~‚Vsfxri¨§¨§¦ Eeh‚Vyl~dfgLl~‚rblŠsfe+¼~l~due ©pzl~‚  = J@\tw€[€xzt|sji}q@¨§¦jzey€Kl~‚>¯@ÅÄe+sfzt®€‹zxzdu‹ŒeÀly{zeL‚zlŽki~¦ sudf¦)sue)Vl~sfl~duk)t§‚@l(i beL‚”sut§‚Vxzehx €¸ª«l~l¡”qrihj­ ;  =½©p@twjÂ ih€psfe+qŒlŽsut§k)lƍ”l~‹rl~‚rVl~‚”s €Kt§‚rEl Eeh‚Vsft§‚VxzeLxr€‹zxzdul~¹¶€Ksjisfl8ª«ll”qriL¾­@€p~i}‚@‚zehsƀsÇi}qzt|¨§t§¼l(sfzl6beLk)‹z¨|l~sflƀ¦@€sul~k @ ©p@twj ­yll~‹r€  qrehxz‚ ”lB{\ki}­yl¡€ t§s+beL‚”yl~dughlsfe.¼~l~duez{\i‚r ‹zdueV”xrbl¡€)i  = J3@ ©p@twj˜i}xr€Kl€ = ! I888 I (@sue!gLe!sue!¼l~dfe@¯r‡€t|k)‹z¨|l(jzeht®bly{@i}k)eL‚zg!eLsfzld‰‹rey€u€t|¹ q@t§¨§t|sft|l€b{ytw€  ’ AJ 8 ;      3  =  = ! I888#I (@ @¸€t|‚ =¶’}m @  ©pt|sf  H:V¯ Ž Ð \Ќ ÔŸ «Ð  ( 47# "' 7 0@ 6 7  #45.6  "6 7%  " 4758 47#0 7& 6 7 ' ('  &4 "' 7 0@ 6 7 '032  2545 <6   "04*1C  7! µ :I3H@ I. =¶’h´@ A=)@  :. . : I.

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(67)    t§‚sfzlº€sÇi}sfl yl¡bsfeLd~{”t|‚r€sulih˜eª JE¯ ‰e©Ž{”qV¦ >ih€fi¨§¨|l $ã€\‹zdft|‚rbt§‹@¨§ly{y€Kt§‚rEl(i¨§¨Bsuzl(sudji}„KlEsfehdut§l€ =  = J@ I  = J@I888 I ( = J@K@ idflqrehx@‚r”lB{Ši‚r¬€Kt§‚rElsfzl˜ª«xz‚ bsft|eh‚  = ! I888-I (@F”lbdulih€Kl€)i¨§eh‚@g suzl€Kl sudji}„Kl¡bsfeLdft§l¡€b{Vi}¨|¨À€eh¨|xzsft|eh‚r €pEeh‚Vyl~dfgLl(sfe suzlŽ€lsŠbeh‚r€Ktw€Ksft§‚@g e}ª2sfzl(dul~xz‚zt|eh‚e}ª2sf@l sudji}„Kl¡bsfeLdft§l¡€ƒª«ehdŠ©pzt®¾  =  I888-I ( @\t®€tw”l‚”sutw~i¨§¨§¦ ¼l~dfe@¯  †\eL‚r€t®”l~d €KxrjiÂsudji}„KlEsfehdu¦ =  = J@I  = J3@ I888-I (= J@K@j¯$¥yt|‚rbl  t®€ ; !     { i‚r ; ! t®€$ght§yl‚ q”¦ =Ȓhš @Ç{ ; ! t®€$tw”l~‚Vsft®~i}¨|¨§¦Ž¼~l~dueŽeh‚+sfzt®€sfdÇi}„Klbsuehdu¦y¯yŐzl~dulbª«ehduly{ht|‚ Vt§l© eªpsuzl)€K¦z€Ksfl~k $〉lvyxrisft§eL‚rP€ =¶´ @j{ ! = J@I888 I  ( = J@Æi}dul)beL‚r€sÇi}‚Vs~¯  tw€Æi}¨w€Ke Eeh‚r€Ksji}‚Vs(eL‚sfzlºbeh‚r€Ktw”ldflsfdji„KlbsfeLdf¦y{r€Kt§‚rEl   :”'¯ Bl~ s Ž”l‚zehsul t§sǀ‰Li}¨|xzly¯.

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(88)  6€ze©Š€žsuzlpyl~zt®b¨§l $ã€>~idfsfl¡€twi‚ k)ehsut§eL‚>{bª«dfeLksf@lpt§‚zt|sftwi¨zEeh ‚ BrgLxzdjisft|eh‚ = ?  :”{  “L{   : @\sfe+sf@l8gLeyi¨$beL‚ BrgLxzdjisft§eL‚ = ?     : @ǯ  €Kze©Š€‰sf@l Eeh‚Vyl~dfgLl~‚rblŠe}ª\suzlŽyl~zt®b¨§l $ €$beyeLdj”t|‚ri}sul€;sue!¼l~dfe@¯  ˜€Kze©Š€‰sf@l Eeh‚VsfdfeL¨>t§‚z‹@xzsj€ ;  i}‚r ; ! yldj€x €sft§kFly¯ žt|‚ri}¨|¨§¦y{ €ze©Š€sf@l(¨§t|‚zli}d¸”lbdulih€Kt§‚zgŽeª   = ) = @&@$©pzt®¾)t|¨§¨|xr€sudji}sul€ suzlŽl~»V‹ŒeL‚zl~‚Vsft®i}¨>Eeh‚Vyl~dfgLl~‚rbl(eª ) = @\sfe ¼l~dfe@¯ › >!#" = =Ȉƒ»Vtw€Ksfl~‚ bl‰eªÀzehkFehghl‚zl~ehx € B¦Vi}‹@xz‚ze ª«x@‚rbsft|eh‚r€$ª«ehd¸ih€¦Vk)‹zsuehsutw~i¨§¨§¦º€sÇi}qz¨|l @ehk)eLghl~‚zlehxr€sut§k)l~¹«Li}du¦”t|‚zg €K¦z€Ksfl~k€@.

(89) “ š ŐzlŠ‹zxzdu‹rey€lÆe}ªÀsf@tw€\i}‹z‹rl~‚ ”t§» t®€ƒsue l~»Vsfl‚r sfe6zehk)eLghl~‚@l~ehxr€$‹rl~dut§eV”t®;sut§k)l~¹ Lidf¦Vt§‚zgŽ€K¦z€Ksfl~k€>i‰sfzlehdflk qV¦ opey€Kt§l~d¸±³“™”{hsuzl~eLdfl~k ’}µÈ{}t|sj€Kl~¨³ª i(ghl~‚zldji}¨|t§¼isft|eh‚ eª ipsf@l~ehdul~k q”¦ŽÉÆi}z‚± ™}µÈ{€sÇi}sft|‚zg(suri}s2i(beL‚”sut§‚Vxzehxr€B@ehk)eLghl~‚zlehxr€>sft|k)l~¹«t§‚Vhidft®i}‚Vs yl¡bsfeLd Brl~¨®)©pt§sfi x@‚ztwvyxzl(gL¨§ehq i}¨§¨|¦ih€K¦”kF‹zsfeLsftwi}¨§¨|¦)€Ksjiqz¨§lŽlvyxzt§¨|t§qzdut§xzk iL”k)t|sj€ izehkFehghl‚zl~ehx € B¦Vi‹zxz‚zeª«xz‚rbsut§eL‚>¯ÀŐztw€(dfl¡€xz¨|s8t®€(sfzlEehdfl+e}ª¸sfzlFl~»”‹reL‚zl~‚z¹ sutwi¨Vbeh‚Vyl~dfgLl~‚rbl2‹zdfeL‹ŒldfsK¦6ih€f€KeVbtwisfl ©pt|sf6ih€K¦”kF‹zsfeLsftwi}¨§¨|¦(€Ksjiqz¨§l[zehk)eLghl~‚@l~ehxr€ yl¡bsfeLd Brl~¨®z€e}ª”l~ghdul~l޼~l~due =¶€Kl~lŽsfzlŽ‹zdueye}ª[e}ªƒc$dfeL‹ŒeÀt|sft§eL‚“ @ǯ Ž Ð \Ќ ÔŸ «Ð    ' *2  2545 ?  : 6  47 4*.#  5.6 04    4

(90)   ' 6 6&

(91) -6 ' # " ?   1= J-I?A@MI =¶šh• @ 

(92)   ! #"%$& (')*"+,- ..  6  2  C  =5 ! % 2#&% 3 7  ('   " 8 )% A2 - 7  "M47#

(93) 4 " '7 0.6  7 BP= J I ?@ .  ( &I  ( @L

(94) 36 7%   !-6 86 0I1= J 3  I?A@  = J I ?@ " 47 8  +* N6  2    &0@ %  2  86 45 6 7/

(95)  8  7 &8 6 7  " . : %47 8147# 6 7  )%  ; '02 2545O; H 

(96)   7   2   #6   256 0324#45 6 &  '.  B  C = ! ( I& @=C E = !  (   :  I& @ #  B 6    ! 6 86 0 ' BP= J 3I I?A@  1 B = J-I?A@ &  B 6  2 #&% -7  ('5  " 8 )%  

(97) %6  2    &0 % 2  86 45 6 7/

(98)  ' . B1=

(99) = J-I?A@K@. .  P B = J-I?A@. ¶š. = 9@.  BP= J-I:@  :" 4  J5 B= J-I?A@ H:" ? K < : 47 8 B 6  '   ! N6  2    & 0@ %P?  " 4 3$/  2  21  " ?  ' 032  2545  B = J-I?A@ * $ " 45  &4* 7 MJ 6< 

(100) ('758 &8 "  & BP = J-I?A@   M = J-I?A@43  (   M 0 (5= J-I?A@ H : J

(101) ?L K : . .    . rË͟¡£  AÐ @<ž Ð>AÐ @ ¤ÀŐzl eh‚@¨§¦Vt Ál~dfl‚rblŽ©pt§su ±³“~™V{Œsuzl~eLdfl~k ’}µÀtw€‰suzl ‹rl~dut§eV”t® sut§k)l¹¶”l‹Œl‚r”l~‚rEl e}ªÆqrehsu7i‚r B ¯ .l)ki~¦ghe.i}¨|eh‚zgsuzl€ui}k)l+¨§t|‚zl€Žih€ t|‚ ± “~™µ  ¹ ?(€t|‚zg˜zeLk)ehgLl~‚zl~t|sK¦.i}‚r( ^‹rl~dft|eV”twEt§sK¦y{>¨§eV~i¨p€Ksji}q@t§¨§t|sK¦Neª ?   = J-I?A@‰t|k)‹z¨|t§l€ /ǀsudfeh‚@g€sÇi}qzt|¨§t§sK¦ 18eL‚  =¶€t|k)t§¨®i}d\sfe±³“™”{z‹zdueh‹rey€Kt§sut§eh‚ “bµ @j¯ ¹ŠÅ@l!‚zl»”sŽ€Ksfl~‹ beL‚r€t®€sj€(t|‚Nxr€Kt§‚zgi)sf@l~ehdul~k ª«dfeLk ±³“ :µ$t§‚.ehdǍ”l~dŽsfel~»Vzt|qzt§sŽi €Kk)eyehsu˜‚zeL‚˜zeLk)ehgLl~‚zl~eLxr€ B¦Vi}‹@xz‚ze)ª«xz‚rbsut§eh‚¿¯r‡(bsfx i}¨§¨|¦y{”suzl6~ih€KlŽe}ª\‹rl~dut§eV”t® sut§k)l¹¶”l‹Œl‚r”l~‚rEl!t®€!beL‚r€t®”l~dul^t§‚ ± “ :V{suzl~ehdul~k 9µ¶¯\Őzlª«xz‚rbsut§eh‚ BP= J I ?@6€Ke.

(102) E“ m  4#7E47 8 

(103)  #  eLqzsjit§‚zl¡ ih€Ài}¨§¨Lsfzl\‹zdueh‹rl~dusft§l¡€Œe}ª sfzlžª«x@‚rbsft|eh‚ BP= J-I?A@r”l€ubdft|qrl‰t§‚6c$dfeL‹rey€t|sft|eh‚ m@{zl~»@bl~‹zs\ª«ehdАzehk)eLghl~‚@l~t§sK¦+i}‚ Âsf i}sŠt§sptw€ C E l~yl~df¦V©pzl~duly¯ ¹ Š‚zl(ki~¦ suzl~‚)‹zdueVbl~l+©pt§sfFsfzlŽEeh‚r€Ksfdfx bsft|eh‚)eª\iސzehk)eLghl~‚@l~ehxr€ª«x@‚rbsft|eh‚ B ª«duehk sfzl ‚zeL‚z¹«zehk)eLghl~‚@l~ehxr€‰ª«xz‚ bsft|eh‚ B+{Áih€Ž”eh‚@l!t|‚ ±³“~™V{B‹zdueh‹rey€Kt§sft|eh‚ ’}µÈ¯>Őztw€ Eeh‚r€Ksfdfx bsft|eh‚+tw€$sfzlpª«eh¨|¨§e©pt§‚@gz¯ Bl~s % C EP= I& @2qrl(iŽ‚zeh‚rVlbdfl¡ih€t|‚zg(ª«xz‚rbsut§eL‚ eL‚  {Ábeh‚r€Ksji‚”sŽi‚rlvÍx i}¨Àsfe :!eL‚ =    I~“bµÈ{Bi‚rbeh‚ €sji‚”s6i‚r˜lvyxri}¨Àsfe“6eh‚ ± ’ I@3 H@ǯ B tw€sf@l~‚”l Br‚zl¡qV¦  , E “ %C=B =5

(104) = J-I?A@K@@V t ª ? K :   ,   B= J-I?A@' =¶)š F@ : t ª ? : Š‚zlFlih€Kt§¨§¦yldf!t B l€‰sf i}s B7t®€(sft§kFl~¹½‹rl~dut§eV”t® ©pt§su^sfzlF€fik)l+‹Œldft§eViL€ B7i‚r suri}sÆt§sŠtw€pzehk)eLghl~‚@l~ehxr€Š©pt§sf”l~gLdfl~l

(105) =½qV¦i)jri}‚zgLl e}ª[t§‚Vsflghdjisft|eh‚˜Lidftwiqz¨§l @j¯ Ő@lŠ€xzqr€Klvyxzl~‚Vs\i}dughxzk)l‚”sǀÄgLt§yl~‚6q”¦ºo;eÀt§ld$sfe(‹@dfeylzt®€žsf@l~ehdul~kdul~ki}t|‚Žhi¨§t® ©p@l~‚ B tw€(sft|k)l~¹«‹rl~dft|eV”twh¯ÁŐzl ªÈihbsŽsuri}s BP= J-I?A@Štw€(xr€Kxri}¨|¨§¦‚zeLs ”t Ál~dfl~‚Vsft®i}qz¨|l kFehdflÆsfri=‚ ;)sft|k)l€\i}s ?  :”{z©pt|sf ; H 

(106) &7

(107)  {Vqrih€Ktw~i¨§¨§¦behk)l¡€2ª«duehk7sf i}spsf@l ª«x@‚rbsft|eh‚ =    =

(108) :”{  :”{

(109) !‚zeLsŽt§‚   @Ç{B©pzt®¾t®€‰zehkFehghl‚zl~ ehx €eª Vl~ghdul~l

(110) ©pt§sf dfl€K‹Œl¡bs sue˜sf@l”t§¨®i}sut§eh‚

(111)  = )@    y{>tw€Žeh‚z¨|¦NeªŽb¨®ih€u€ C ©pt§su <H

(112) y¯ 8*yŽ

(113) [º./Š 0 ±³“Eµ D(¯2& $㇊‚r”d@l¡— i}¹ ‰eyl~¨¶ { 6¯ DpiL€sft|‚>

(114) { 6¯†[ik)‹zt§eL‚>{$·˜eVVl~¨§t|‚zgi‚r²†\eL‚”sudfeh¨peª Šeh‚zzeL¨§eL‚zehk)t®  zl~l¨§l.o;eLqrehsj€E{  

(115) 7 " 7+

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