Environmental Effects on Yield of Upland Rice Grown
UNIVERSITÄT HOHENHEIM
Department of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics Section: Crop Waterstress ManagementAlong an Altitude Gradient in Madagascar
Suchit Shrestha1, Folkard Asch1, Holger Brück1, Alain Ramanantsoanirina2, Julie Dusserre3
1University of Hohenheim, Germany; 2FOFIFA, Madagascar and 3CIRAD, France
Introduction
Conclusions
Upland rice can supplement lowland rice as the pressure is increasing
Email : suchitps@uni‐hohenheim.de
Upland rice can supplement lowland rice as the pressure is increasing on irrigated land. In Madagascar, rice is cultivated on 1.3 M ha of which 29% are upland rice, growing along altitude gradients. High altitude rice cultivation is constrained by a short vegetation period due to low temperatures and, thus, by the time the crop needs to complete its life cycle. As climate change is assumed to increase mean temperature, rice cropping in higher altitudes may become more favourable as long
•
Variation in cold tolerance can be used to
adapt genotype to cold environments.
•
Mean air temperature affects biomass
partioning, e.g., harvest index is higher in
low altitude.
•
Cold tolerant rice genotypes have above
Results and Discussion
as precipitation is not a limiting factor. In this context, field testing of rainfed upland rice genotypes and the establishment of a database on genotypic phenology and yield response to diverse environments is of high interest to cope with climate change.
Fig 1. Relative grain and straw yield (in %)
Fig 2. Variety adaptation to different environments
•
Morpho-physiological traits contributing to
cold tolerance need to be identified for
further breeding.
Co d to e a t
ce ge otypes
a e abo e
average yield stability.
1625 m asl Yi el d ( % ) 20 40 60 80 100 Straw yield Grain yield 965 m asl
Fig 1. Relative grain and straw yield (in %)
Fig 2. Variety adaptation to different environments
(Finlay-Wilkinson approach)
R e gressi on coeffi ci ent 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Botramaintso Primavera WAB 878 B 22 Nerica 4 IRAT 112 FOFIFA 167 FOFIFA 161 Chomrong FOFIFA 172Below average stability
Above average stability Average stability B 22 Botram aint so Chom rong FOFIF A 161 FOFIF A 1 67 FOFI FA 172 IRA T 1 12 Neri ca 4 Prim avera WA B 878 0 B 22 Botram aint so Chom rong FOFI FA 161 FOFI FA 167 FOFI FA 172 IRAT 112 Nerica 4 Prim avera WA B 878
Cold tolerant varieties (marked red) perform well at high altitude Rice genotypes such as B22, Botramaintso, Primavera and
WAB 878 produce low grain yield in unfavourable environments
¾ Genetic adaptation to cold environments can be exploited
¾ Adapted to favorable environments only
Grain yield, on average, was higher at lower altitude
¾ Higher mean air temperture during cropping period
Cold tolerant rice genotypes such as Chomrong, FOFIFA 161,
FOFIFA 167 and FOFIFA 172 produce high grain yield in both favourable and unfavourable environments
Variety mean yield (t/ha)
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75
0.0
Materials and Methods
¾ 10 varieties of upland rice were planted at 5 monthly staggered sowing dates in two locations for two years.
¾ Plot size was 1 X 1 m with 20 X 20 cm spacing between plants.
Harvest index decreased at high altitude
¾ Low temperature effects on sterility
favourable and unfavourable environments
¾ These varieties allow to adapt rice system to unfavorable environments without yield penalty in productive environments
1625 m asl, 19°C mean Tmean, 1650 mm annual rainfall u re ( °C )30 40 3 965 m asl, 25°C mean Tmean, 1350 mm annual rainfall h h: m m ) 13:00 14:00
Acknowledgements This study is part of a project adressing "Adaptation of African agriculture to climate change" funded by the German Ministry for collaboration and development through GTZ/BEAF. More information can be found atwww.risocas.de. Collaborators in this project are the University of Hohenheim, Germany; AfricaRice, Benin and CIRAD, France. FOFIFA; Madagascar as a co-partner institute is highly acknowledged for initiating experiments in the fields.
The 28thInternational Rice Research Conference, Climate Change and Rice Agriculture; November 8 ‐ 12, 2010; Hanoi, Vietnam
Hydroponic Rice culture in the greenhouse (with different N level using Yoshida solution)
p g p
¾ Daily values for minimum and maximum temperature were recorded. ¾ Different phenological stages were monitored during crop cycle. ¾ Biomass, yield, and yield components were determined at maturity.
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
A ir tem p er at u 0 10 20 Y Axi s 3
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
Phot oper iod ( h 10:00 11:00 12:00 S 5 S 4 S 3 S 2 S 1 H 5 H 4 H 2 H 1 S 4 S 3 S 2 S 1 S 5 H 5 H 4 H 3 H 2 H 1 H 3
