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Performance Evaluation of RIO Routers

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(1)Performance Evaluation of RIO Routers Naceur Malouch, Zhen Liu. To cite this version: Naceur Malouch, Zhen Liu. Performance Evaluation of RIO Routers. RR-4469, INRIA. 2002. �inria00072119�. HAL Id: inria-00072119 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072119 Submitted on 23 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Performance Evaluation of RIO Routers Naceur Malouch — Zhen Liu. N° 4469 May 2002. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--4469--FR+ENG. THÈME 1. apport de recherche.

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(156)  

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(159) OVesIp 

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(206) MTv.  ©  ާe©  ¥ ?¤¦©. 90. p_outmax = 0.06 p_outmax = 1 Reservation. 80. Throughputs. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20 0.1. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.5. 0.6. 0.7. 0.8. 0.9. RTTs. ÍghXWnb`Kqw '›EGFnb`cXWIXFnmnWn\GcX‘E]–@a"rc1snsnK—r”\UghcXsoSG™gÁ\`F³VXbUg•Ve«nkhKPEES 45. Throughputs. 40. 35 RTT = 0.4. 30 RTT = 0.5. 25 RTT = 0.6. 20. RTT = 0.7 RTT = 0.8. 0.01. 0.03. Ígށ1Wnb`K  ' ¬ J€moVXr”\lcX‘ . pMax out. &)(+* . 0.3. 1. cXs\UFnK E]–@a¨\UFIbUc1WnXFnmIWZ\. ϒÐјϦÒ.

(207) 

(208) § e¥Ù©eª8¤ §e¥. M. 50 Average queue length. 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 0.3. 0 0.3. 0.6 pmax out. 0.6 1. 1. pmax in. ÍghXWnb`K ?' œ ±KTr”\ce‘\UFnKkhc1S`SGmnbUc1«IVe«IgŽkhgÁ\_^(\UFnb`KTSUFncXk•pnS@cXs\`FnK V|³XKTb`VXXK]´/WnKTWnKqkŽKTsne\`F H. r c1s1\`bUc1khSJLc1bUKL\`FnK[´/WnKWIK“WZ\UghkŽghTVe\UghcXs˜®¬ ‘ pZK—rb`KTV1SiK—SÌ&™K“ghsIrb`KTV1SiK“SUgށ1sng޶orVXs1\`kŽ^y\UFnK Wn\UghkŽghTVe\UghcXs˜®›EGFng•SGg•SpZWnK\Uc€\`FnK‘ VXr\@\`FIV\l™@KqVekhkŽc™ §©Zª@mIVXrjš1K\`S\`c¶okŽk¯\`FnK«nWZ±KblcX‘ê\`FnKqbUc1WZ\UKTbT® EGFIghS°ghScXmnm-c1SUgŽ\UK\`c \UFIKl‘ Veghb`snKTS`S›1c1VekIJ€KTs/\UghcXsnK—p“gŽs(\UFnKmnbUKT³=gŽc1WIS?mIVXb`VXXbjVemnF“SUgŽsIrK‘’cXb°\UFIVe\1c1Vek ™@K]sIKKTp(\Uc€gŽsorb`KTVXSUKl\`FnK ®?E&c€Si\UWopZ^“JLcXb`Kl\UFIKghJLmIVXr\GcX‘ ÌZ™KOšXKTKm

(209) VXsIp ¶nYZK—p VXsIp™K“³Veb`^ 

(210) VesIp  Ÿ’moVebU\Ug•VekhkŽ^{c³1Kb`khVXmnm-KTpyrTVXSUK—¡®€Š‹K(pZc4\`FIV\q‘’c1b\_™c4³VekhWnKTScX‘ ®]Š‹KSUKK‘’bUc1J ÍghXWnb`Kx“\UFIVe\]\UFIKWZ\`gŽkhghTV\`gŽc1s{pZc=KTSsnce\ObUKTkŽ^JWorjF{cXs 

(211) Ì-\UFIcXWn1Fµ\UFnK m-KbU‘’cXb`J“VesIrKg•SlV€khgÁ\U\UkhKq«oK\i\UKTbl™FnKTs 

(212) 

(213) ® . . &)(+* . . . #. $. #. . &)(+* < $. &)(+* . . . %$. #. #. % .   Q 

(214) 4;'. %$. . :#;476. ( * . . . Š‹KL¶IbjS_\ rcXsISUghpnKbqVe/Veghs{\UFIKL‘’WnkŽkh^/¢éc³1Kb`khVXmnm-KTpyrTVXSUKcX‘GSUKTr\UghcXs‹vI®hMX®“Ã=Wnmnm-c1SUK€\UFIVe\ gŽs‹\`FnK[à  ™@K™GVes/\O\UcKsISUWnb`K\`FIV\O\UFnK€khc1S`S]mnb`cX«oVe«nghkŽgŽ\_^4ce‘]¤¦¥¿moVXrjšXK\`S

(215) g•SkhKTS`S]\UFIVXs 

(216)  ®ÍghXWnb`K[M—~ SUFnc™lSG\`FnK m-c1S`Sigh«nkhKq³VekhWnKTS]ce‘ \UFnK \_™c“khc1S`Smnb`cX«IVX«nghkŽgŽ\_^(\`FnbUK—SiFIcXk•pnSce‘›P¬U­'Ÿ

(217) Ì ¡G\`FIV\ V1rjFnghK³XKO\`FnK     ® lcX\UKq\`FIV\\UFnKrcXsIpngÁ\`gŽc1s

(218)  g•SlsIce\SUW *(rghKs/\\Uc[KsISUWnb`Kq\UFnK pnKTSUgŽb`KTp 

(219)  ®?¬ s\UFng•SlS`rKsoVeb`gŽcoÌ/™@KsnKK—p(\`c(SiK\ \Uc“Ve\lkŽK—VXSi\ [® f4c1bUKq1KsnKTb`VXkŽkh^XÌZ™@K rVXspnK\UKTbUJLghsnKq\`FnKqWnmnm-KbOVesIpkhc™KTb«oc1WnsI pnS cX‘

(220) U®@Ígށ1WnbUK“M|}mnkŽcX\`S \`FnKµV|³XKTb`VXXK(khc1S`S€mnbUc1«IVe«IgŽkhgÁ\_^¿cX‘¤¦¥moVXrjšXK\`S€VXS€‘’Wnsor”\UghcXsºce‘\UFnKµkhc1S`S€mnb`cX«IVX«ngŽkhgŽ\UghKTS\UFnb`KTSUFnc1khpnS VXsIp ®¿EGFnK[khc™KTbVXsIpŒWnmImoKTb«-cXWnsopnSLVeb`K[JLKs/\UghcXsIsnKTp¿ghsŒ\`FnK4Í&ghXWIbUK1®¬ ‘ 

(221)  ghS

(222) 1bUK—V\`Kb\UFIVXs{\UFIK€WImnmoKTbq«oc1WnsIp¯Ìê™KLrVXsS`V\Ug•Si‘’^4\UFnK“rc1sISi\UbjVeghs1\

(223) 

(224)  VXsIp{\`F=WISVXrjFnghK³1K  . . . . . . &. . &)(+* .  . . &)(+* . &)(+* . . . . '&)(+* . B. . . &)(+* . . &)(+* <. .  .  . . &)(+* .  . Ñ&Ñ Û+nã”ãë”ì. &)(+* . !G.

(225) M—w.  ©  ާe©  ¥ ?¤¦©. ÍghXWnb`Kqx '›œ ±KTr\lce‘\UFnKqJLghsngŽJWnJ \`Fnb`KTSUFncXk•pnSGcXs\UFIK V|³XKbjVe1K´/WnKTWnKkŽKTsne\`F \`FnK“à  ‘’cXbVekhkŸ

(226) ¡SiK\i\Ughsn/S®q¬ s\UFng•SrV1SiK1Ì-™@KLrVesSiK\LŸ

(227) ¡\`crcXs/\Ub`cXk&\UFnK khK³1Kk ce‘GpZgŽÂ-KTbUKTs1\`ghVe\UghcXs«oK\_™KTKsº¤¦¥ŒmIVXrjš1K\jSVXsIpº§e©Zª]mIV1rjšXK\`ST®¬ ‘ 

(228)  ghSkhKTS`S\UFIVXsy\`FnK“khc™KTb «-cXWIsIpy™@K“rVXssncX\VXrjFnghK³1K\`FnK(à ® !lc™@K³1Kb—̯gÁ‘ 

(229)  g•S«-K\_™@KKs‹\`FnK€\_™c4«-cXWnsIpIS̘™@K“rVXs V1rjFnghK³XK[cXsnkh^¿gÁ‘O™KSiK\LrcXb`bUK—r”\`kŽ^‹\UFIKmIVXb`VXJLK\UKTb`SŸ ¡®·Ígށ1WnbUKMXMgŽkhkŽWoS_\`b`Ve\UKTS€J“Ves=^ KYnVeJLmnkhKTST®ŠKsnce\`ghrK \UFoV\]ghsyVekhk&\UFnK—SiKrTVXSUKTSl\UFnKcXm-K

(230) bjV\Ughsn“m-cXghs/\OSUFncXWnk•p4«-Krkhc1SUKq\`c(\UFIKkhgŽsnK ™FIghrjF[pnKkhgŽJLgŽ\`S@\UFIK]‘’K—VXSUgŽ«nkhK]b`K1gŽc1s“gŽscXbjpZKb\UcgŽsorb`KTVXSUKl\`FnKOWZ\UghkŽghTVe\UghcXsce‘¯\UFIKsnK\_™c1bUš±Ì/g8® KX®hÌ=™K SUFnc1Wnkhp[rjFnc=c1SUK VXSkŽc™V1S°m-c1S`SUgŽ«nkhKVesIp Ÿ’™Fng•rjF[JLK—VesIS°\UFIVe\\`FnKEž5g•S@gŽsmnk•VXrK|¡”®  ÃZgŽJLghkhVXbqcX«ISUKb`³V\UghcXsoSOrTVes½«-K“JLV1pZK€‘’bUc1JÍghX

(231) Wnb`K4MT™Fng•rjF½rcXb`bUK—Sim-cXsopnSl\`c{pZgŽÂ-KTbUKTs1\ moVebU\Ug•VekhkŽ^ c³1Kb`khVXmnm-KTp[rTVXSUKTSŸ  

(232) ¡ ]sghJLmoc1bi\jVes/\°‘ V1r”\GghS\UFoV\pZKTrbUK—VXSUgŽsn

(233) pnc/K—S°sIce\rcXs/\`b`V1pZghr\°\`FnKbjV\`K]1c1Vek•STÌ1gé® K1®ŽÌ/‘’c1b@VXkŽk \`FnKlÄc/ÃqrcXsISi\UbjVeghs/\`STÌ|V]³XKTbU^qSUJLVXkŽk/³VekhWnK@ce‘

(234) ^=gŽKTkhpIS&1c=c=p moKTbi‘’c1bUJ“VesorKX® lk•SicO™Ksnce\`ghrK°\`FIV\ ghs‹\UFnK“moVebU\Ug•VekhkŽ^µc³1Kb`khVXmnmoK—pyrTVXSUKX̘™@K“cX«Z\jVeghs«-K\U\UKTb moKTbi‘’c1bUJ“VXsIrK€gŽs‹\`Kb`J ce‘@kŽc/SUSmIbUc1«IVe«nghkhgÁ\_^ VXsIpWZ\UghkŽghTVe\UghcXs4™FnKTs 

(235) 

(236) ™FnghrjF4rc1bUb`KTSUm-cXsIpnS\`cLEžt\Uc=cI® ¬ s‹rcXs/\`b`V1S_\—Ì FIV1SOSUghXsng޶orVXs/\VesIp¤   ¥IªK±KTr”\jSOcXsµ\`FnKc³1KbjVekhkÄc/ï®-ÍIcXbOKYnVeJLmnkhKXÌ ™@KrTVesµrc1sZ¶IXWIbUK pZgŽÂ±Kb`Ks/\UKTkŽ^\UFnK ]ͺrk•VXS`SiK—S®G¬ ‘?™@K š=snc™ \`FIV\OgŽsµc1snK ͺrkhV1SUSl™K ™ghkhkêFIV|³1K E]–@aÀrcXsnsnK—r”\`gŽc1sISOce‘VekhJ€c/S_\`kŽ^4\`FnK(S`VeJLK“PEES™@KLrjFIc/c/SiKLVkŽc™ ³VekhWnKLce‘ ®“¬ s½Ves½ce\`FnKb Í¿rk•VXS`S°™@KrVesVe1Xb`K1Ve\UKFnK\UKTbUc1XKsIKcXWoS°E]–@a·rcXsnsIKTr”\`gŽc1sIS°\UFIVe\GFoV|³XK\`gށ1F1\`Kbrc1sISi\UbjVeghs1\jS›c1s \`FnK\UFIbUc1WnXFnmIWZ\T® . &. . . ( *. . &)(+* . &)(+* . . &)(+* . . . . '&)(+* . . &)(+* . #. %$. . ! #. %$. &)(+* . . . &. %$. . . . . #. &)(+* . '&)(+* . :#;476. &. . ( *. . ( * . . &)(+* <. ϒÐјϦÒ.

(237) 

(238) § e¥Ù©eª8¤ §e¥. M. 1. 0.8. pin < pSLA. pin > pSLA. 0.6. pmax out 0.4. 0.2. 0 0. 0.2. 0.4. pmax in. 0.6. 0.8. 1. Í&ghXWIbUKLMT~'?ÍnKTV1Sigh«nkhKbUKTXghcXs‘’cXbG\UFIKqkŽc/SUS@mnb`cX«IVX«nghkŽgŽ\_^[rc1sISi\UbjVeghs1\ 1. 0.8. pmax out. 0.6. 0.4. 0.001 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.0105. 0.2. 0. 0. 0.2. 0.4. pmax in. 0.6. 0.8. 1. Ígށ1WnbUKLM1M('?ÍnK—VXSUgŽ«nkhKbUKTXghcXs‘’cXblSUcXJLKkŽc/SUS@mnb`cX«oVe«nghkŽgŽ\_^[rcXsISi\UbjVeghs/\`S Ñ&Ñ Û+nã”ãë”ì.

(239) M H.  ©  ާe©  ¥ ?¤¦©. ÍghXWnb`KM|} '?œ ±KTr\]ce‘ kŽc/SUS@mnb`cX«oVe«nghkŽgŽ\_^“\`FnbUK—SiFIcXk•pnS@cXs\UFnK V|³1KbjVe1KlkŽc/SUSGmIbUc1«IVe«nghkhgÁ\`gŽK—S. Ígށ1Wnb`K€M— ' œ ±KTr”\ce‘\UFnKqJLghsngŽJWnJ \`Fnb`KTSUFncXk•pnS@cXs\UFIK V|³XKbjVe1Klkhc1S`SGmnbUc1«IVe«IgŽkhgÁ\`gŽK—S. ϒÐјϦÒ.

(240) 

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