• Aucun résultat trouvé

Mémoires, lieux et territoires

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Mémoires, lieux et territoires"

Copied!
12
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: halshs-00325130

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00325130

Submitted on 26 Sep 2008

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Mémoires, lieux et territoires

Anne Sgard

To cite this version:

Anne Sgard. Mémoires, lieux et territoires. Mémoires, lieux et territoires, Oct 2004, Rennes, France.

pp.105-117. �halshs-00325130�

(2)

!#"$%&(')*&+*, - !/.01233 45/6

7 8$9;:=<?>$@$A BDC<E@$F2GH@JIKIL@$>(>J<MIN:=<?>(@$A

1 O4PRQOQK1 PSS?*T4P//*QU.WV T/ 45NQO?* 5XLVYSZLN4[R\S4]^ _.`* !0O ?VY4^ab cd4P

^4[e. 50K4^45T PL*f.E.T?Vag/V \h]^fVh O4`]iN .MQj 4iT\L.k.MZN 5ZaL.l. Z P4^/.m?W4[n\ - Pf4

`*c W\L.*oaZL.jpYZW4`]5 q.*1 !KrtsWZ4P45),Z 45u*Qv.0.l q.* w0.WQOQK1 P0sWZ454^a)45s

4]_L.* LZa2?t.K* _.?* P0 xpLZEVzy,6 L.t _.`*, Ph.D.2 Zf+.V +45L.J*,, -* !/.tE$4P/.t4^ 5?V { 0

45/.$ f.D.c]^ PL** cL$.V $4P/.(*Q 4P -*L.t\ L.D.1Z P?*f.t?|\4P?V .J*,, -* !f.E6f},41U]P~K /.

/V W?V*L€\Zc‚^VU. P10ƒZN3XLVY„\ _.MZ P145 … „†.b.N _.M _..ML€\h][V ‡/cgEˆ4P‰h.‚QKa0j45

‚QVY4^ˆ 3V 4i]^,g,V(.*ƒsm.zY\k?sW./.ƒXLVeL.` P QONf.E6

Š 5‹.c]5L.`Œ\/VY `.

4P1/*Qh..N _. 5\1452/ 4PQE, PXLVY\ L.$*NQƒ 4P -*L.=?$4]5K h.K `* PZ?VY4^ 5Ž?V1{ _.

\6‘) 6h"$ !p?*?Vˆ’|\uQON 5“14!VU.\ ^‚,‚_VU.a0+sp .ƒ45L.2‚,45{ P1 .”.V 4]^ 5\ L -*Šp f#q3V0

QO q.x?VJ.. D.V 24^K ?, PQK1 P 0+.V 24P” ~Y.Y0+.`V •4]^ c`*3Z0$4^OXLVYL.`* PW\4[\ ^QO1. Ph

*Q 4P452\L.(*,* -* wL.t?|\4_]!VJ. 2\LVO L.M.2L.v 5f.L*/6 4]^L.E.,24P2ZQKŠ.`V

45€QOQK1 Pa0– 5Nm\1L.x1 _.`*f.L.`*fxsŠa{314[c0=.Vh4P/.XLVY454^f.45 Š ?Vx q*cV

Z4P P 2, ! P N4Ys#?p.t\EV{OZZ/.–ZL?V{”\4P 5rN**, - !2E( [\Nf, ‘*/6

Š \k\LVl 30+c/p .uE\ 4PfZu45ŠhM., Z? !pYˆ\u4]^ _.`*, P0t/Vh _.XLV|]^ P4DY`Œ\LV

\ ^.MZ/V .•\L.•Z?*EV .•\h]^EVg/V \h]^fVh D.V 4P/.D**, -* !ML.0$.`V 45?V •\?pY !0–.`V •453.Z1Q h. -* P1.

‡Z/V .0/V €~SZZ3W4P/.W4[ PXLVY/.—\h]^fZ? 5h62%2]5L.`€\/ZQK …h.—4P„Zf*LV˜\Za?_*

QOQK1 !MZ 4…45ZE, !p ™XLVY U4]^ PL*f.E.0UXLVY4P/.. -_VYE, P1.=?Ž4P/.D ZL.M.`VU.aZ?_VY4q.=\QK3 54^ _.M? P

\‹4[‹QOQK1 PW 45/.OZ?*EV .E6Ž%Œ]5L. /V XLV P014-V*šLjXLVYz\WQKQK1 PzZ14P45Z?* !p 0•Z]5L.K\

Z1.`VYZ› [HQOQK ^4P45œ\fz P4W.M‡XLVYL.`* PH 5ZN i6

‚, P N45 -*\“f.l4P.lh]iL.` L.l\45

Z‚_L*ŽsxV q.* w”.Z 5L* P‚, 5XLVY0h/cgaZ?, !pNf*0hQK _.\45”. _. P0hZ1QKQOžVYK131QO“

/Vcg/V .ˆZE_VY41Ÿb q"Ž6+¡O¢,0ZQKQ‹VYS45QfŠ\lZa1Q . P1S\l45Z1.`VYZ? PS\/.

*, -*, P4^ ‘*L.E6 ]5EgM?Vˆh]5/.`|\3ZŒ Y q.** PXLVY0 v E, PQK 54|r3 54h.c]51 ‘( /.t\h]5 ^\ L P‚, 5(VY

QOQK1 !MZa14P4^aZ?, !ps”3.`pYx?t1.QO?5’J4_]^EgM?Vk/. [\Nf, ‘*N wKrvcu *L•\LVm e.__V 4P?

XLVY4_]^ 5\L* -*Z4P45Z?* [p”.ƒZ .``VY -.V \L.$*,, ‘/ PL.0|. eZLU]^L.DQj?*, 54P4^fQONftQKE£… _./.

/V/ŒZL.K.,~Q14P ^XLVYQOLŒ, PL.0=4[uXLVY/.`* PkL.`Œ\uZcQƒ\/ˆdXLVY D4PˆZh.`VYZ P1

QOQK 54P4^„T*L€XLVYn*1ZaL..VU.WZa4P45Z?* P‚ŠZL !/VY„s4_]^ 5\ L P‚, 5Z?* P\f.W -*f.WsdV

*, -* !/6

jL.. P h.t\h]^QY4^a#VhNQK 5tXLVYL. P NQOL*0 E#g3VYLt.V $4PL.t\?V {OQK/.t\=*E,, -* !2E$\

4^ 5?VY0Z—\, 5K PQQO\ ^E*NQjNfƒ\/VY q."Ž6v¡KE¤*?^*ZcW?Vl3“QKW\W45mQOQK1 w0#QjN _.O

VU.f$\/ P‚‚,cQQOL|\2Z#p Z? 45/6

¥#¦5§D¨M©iª=«¬­®«c¯°E±-«N©©_±!²E«±-³5±!´­ª!±-³•µE¶¨K·c­«f©2§!¨¸t±!´,ªw±!°E««c­±‘¹_¨ºc¹^°ºa°©_¬º­M¹2»®¼½ ¬¾¿W¨,ªDÀ¼½¶N©`©_­®¶a§-ª•ÁPÂÃcÃaÄ?Å5Æ$§_ÇÈ­®¹^ªw±!´§!¨

É

¯¬¯°E±-¹_¨Jʋ³5±!²E¶c¹_¨u¯D­M±P©©_°E±-ª¹_¬·c±!²¬Šºa­®¹¶c«k˱P©^ªP°E¹5±!¨«ÆDÌf­®ªw¹_±!´,̈́Î(­¹_´±-­tÏ´¨®§‘¶±PÐP´±2¬`¾f°EµE¶¨W¨Ñc´§-¶f©_±È¾¨¯¨«ª§!¨M©

­®ºcºc¹_°E´Ë¨M©Ëa±P©…ªP°E¹_±!¨,«c«¨M©1¨,ªf±‘«E¾±-ªP¨J¨,«D³5±-«D·ÇÈ­¹^ª!±!´§!¨J§!¨M©1­,¶ªw¹_¨M©h©_´®±‘¨«´¨M©h©q°E´±!­M§!¨M©1Ò$­,ººa°E¹^ªP¨,¹§w¨¶c¹ ´°E«?ªw¹_±ÈÓ¶cªP±!°M«/¼

Ô»¨(«Ç‘¨®«›¾±P©q­M²¨*¹^­±f±!´±fµ¶a¨(§!­J¯#¬¯°E±‘¹_¨(·c­®«N©h©q¨M©1·c±!¯¨,«f©_±!°E«f© ´®°E§w§!¨´ª[±È¾¨M©`Æ´cǑ¨E©^ª5ЅқЅ·c±-¹_¨J­®¶aЅ·c¨§!Ò$·¶´¨¹_´§!¨v³5­¯±!§‘±!­§PÆE«°«

ºa°¶¹h³5­±‘¹_¨+§iÇÕ±‘¯Dº­›©`©_¨Ž©i¶c¹U·c¨©U¯¬®¯°E±‘¹_¨M©v´°E«f©_±!·¬*¹_¬®¨M©U´°E¯¯¨D©_¨´°E«·c­±‘¹_¨M©`ƯD­M±P©1º­¹_´¨+µE¶a¨d§5Ç-¬,ª!¶a·¨t·¨M©U±-«ª[¨,¹^­M´ª[±!°E«f©

¨«ªw¹_¨(´¨M©h©iºcËaÖ®¹_¨M©«°¶N©1´°E«·?¶c±‘¹_­±-ªfÒJ·¬,ºa­E©©q¨,¹§w­®¹_²c¨,¯¨«?ªN§!¨M©1§!±‘¯#±‘ªP¨M©1·¨U´¨vºa¹_¬M©q¨«Eª¨®Ñc¨,¹_´±!´¨E¼

× »`¨ƒ¹^­®ºcºa¨®§w§!¨,¹_­±D©_±‘¯=ºc§w¨®¯¨«EªD§‘­³^°E¹_¯D¶c§!¨ƒ·¨Ì ¼hØt°M¹_­DÙ

É

¨,«c³^¨M¹^¯¨¹D¶c«Š¯#­Ñc±-¯D¶a¯†·c¨K©_¨«f©·E­«f©#§!¨ƒ¯#±‘«c±-¯D¶a¯†·c¨

©_±!²E«¨M©1ÊÁ!Øt°¹_­MÆÚ,ÛcÜ?ÝaÐ,ÚÛEÛÄEÅ`¼

(3)

.E]5 …h.MZc® w\h.Ž\L.Ž4^ 5?V { 0h\1.Ž\ L.$*,, ‘* !L.t 3V t \LV c0h\ .D4]^/.* 1 !ŽXLVYZE_*Œ P1.Z P/, P

.`VY‚‚, _. sœZEg,V c4]53V 45 `6"|dVYH/p M.MNQOL—V EV ‚*Z ^450ˆH /V ,c -‰\ !†XLVYœ4_

P. ZS4P.D.`V $452QKQK1 P2\L.t4P 5V{K14‘V(.tXLVY.V $45L.t4… 5V {O\ŒQjNQj1 !/6

"|4P45“N45QOL*0145L.Ž -*L.Ž/VY 5Nft),c” c`, [)+45Z1.`VYZ› [O\ 45?V D 5\L -**,, ‘*, [N45.`V

Z?5*nQjNQj1 !„\L.W4P 5V1{0j.V u45l45LZE_V lXLVYL P\ ^3\LV‡ ~h.M a0j.V u45lZZN3l\h.u45

*, -* !Š\L.ƒ. … /.\h]!VYW L.E.ŠZaQKQVh30+‚\?*?V E6hKŠXLVYc4…45 ?_V u.,L•4Pf.45 5N .L45

Eg?–\x**, - !a0h \ZaQKQO45EgfZ? PO\LVŠ*,, -q w\h.Ž4^‚qV_V 0Y›–Z?tcZc \h.

45dhf..M L.—\ !pYM.ˆfZ?*?V .ˆXLVY …/pY/. q.M.MLKV QQOd*,, -* !d/VY _.L\1.—Zl‚13\1.t?

Z1.`V _.Lk\f.l4PZ?_V L.l4P45L.‰?V(.M. ˆ\ !pYM./.l\LV L..0ŠXLVh ˆ.‡Z‚L*fkz ,‚ _..M

ZZ?V *ZaNf*0Š?kZ3Z fkHQQOR*NQƒh.ls†.QE_ .Za“N a0Šs˜.œ\cls4^ P6

]^ Ph.MZ !/* Pœ\1.z45L.z4P 5V1{ \TZE_*QKQK1 !RXLVY pY4P ^.M\/.—45NQOL.ˆ /V W‡‚,‚*Z

\?VL.01XLV h.4^fZ? [ 0L* P0 Z1\/ P‚, 52?J *‚ _.t P/pYL*0 \?p 5LUV KEgM?VL.M.L* P46

'ŽL/*‚^V(. Pˆ\KZ1QKQOQK? Ph.0(\ ?i, PQK1 54^ _.M? P0J\Z/V .•?Vˆ L.M.K?Ž PEg1ZE, P

?Vˆ*?g?*0Us4P\LV P4^ ‘*ƒp1 !ƒsj4[h., Z? !p0(.Z1.`V -$V 3` PZEVh45?* PŠL4PZE_V \LV

L.M.0K\ ^c13e. ^Z \LV /.L—?—cL* PZ … E, Ph6 z%]_L.Š ^ \11.kZa?_**3 4PQO?* PXLVYTXLV|]^/.

?p …4545”45XLVY/. P—\45”QOQK1 P /V 45 0JXLVh U*L*K\O\NQ4545/.• …f*ZE, Ph.

Z1.*L*L.–?J, -*L.tcL4PfZ?_V 2›JaZ, -_V 2\f.(*?*, -* !L.›6

!"#$%&$'")(+*,-./0*.!"1$2!'%32.!4*./$5.!2! ./$67'6%

./$5*85!9$5.7:

L.•1 54Ph./. c`* f•L..%;Š4P* NQOLŽV Za/Z/* PW\f..1Z 5?*L.xZ?_VY4P45/.2ZaQKQO\/.

. Z P?*L.Ž\LVL.f*0p !\<D4`]5/~Y,L.L=<0p !peL–\h.D4]!V , ZfEt\h.Ž4^Z1.1QKQE, P

\ 4`]5 ^QKQOL\ 5? 6$%Df.?V { 0?>t6@j`q 0BA•6

DC5\ _0!¢E6$%D3Z?V .c]5ZZa\ˆ?VU.M. D 45QONfs

Z1.*?*? 45 Z1.1QKQE, P ‚_M? [XLVU \ /.E.0 c 4P 5N _. \LV ?, PQK1 P ? \f.

ZQKQQK?* P1.0#/V„ 4P/.K\ !p .Mf.KQ P‚*3.*? 5 .K\LV„‚QOV1{‰žK\p 1 !j\mQjNQj1 !2Ÿ0/V

4-VU.QE* P4^45Qf c4Pap4P _.E, Pz\ L.*Zc ^XLVY/.\/ -* P34^45/.?x?VL.x, \LV -.\

*, !.›6N"Ž6cZ ^45p 45L.ŽEgM?V1{K 5O?VL.tX/VY24^.EVh45‚*Zs#VYpN3Qf( f..M0

XLVY –.Dg3VYfŽ\N .4Z?*\KZQKQQK?* PUrhZQKQONQjc#žƒ jQO?t f.2.?VY45NQOLŽ2gM?Vz45/.

L.f*? Ph.\LVk /..ŠQO q.ƒ?VJ.. ŽZf4…45/.\Š4]_pY P?x\LVdL.LM6J %El¢M6(%2]5L.`• \LV !”VY

\ ^.MZ/V .0UQE^Kz.Z“3jVYŠ 3.*KXLVh hV* …45 _.M”45hL.M.K 3V •L.XLVh _..0J\apL45L.•1QKQO/.•\3V

L.L*0 4P?V \p P Z1QKQVh ? QK P‚*3.* Z XLVY †45 5 1.QjY45 ?Vag3V \h]^LVY 6 L.

ZQKQQK?* P1.K.Lx\3Z”V ‹QOXLVY?V \€4]^ _., PZ -*0t\Š4P Zc/, Pl. Z P4^Š\LVz*Qh.0

/V/”?V/*fXLVJ]^4P45L.W.cpL\d‚ 5XLVYn P\ L -* PŸS *ZN [0

FF(

0HGGL¢›6D},4Œ~bl\1.ˆZa?_*

Z1.1QKQE P \ 3.M.R*/V/kEV/*f‹V 3Rp 14[f*œ\œZEgV „4_]_ZZaN45?, [ \f.l,~LQO/.

XLVYL P\ 5N .•?ŽQK3\ 5V {—XLVY”\KZ4P45Z?*•\ .4]!V ® cZf”4P/.D*Qj1 ! YL.0(4[3.DZL.•\QK \L.

\#p 5E$QK \L.t\2 1.f2K\ _. -, [301?|\245L.DQK/ P4^ _.Mt\h.t45/.LM6%f.`|\3Zx 5

4 5\Nf, ‘*ZQKQOZh.`VYZ› PO\LV 45?|*1\LVYZ_ !Y45\”. YXLVY U/.`tcgM?Vˆ\h.ŽZ?_*Zc4P45Z?*

\3cgM?.t ?*c, Z4P -*/.ŽXLVh UL–ZQ”QO.M?VY4^Z/.M. -XLVY\Œ‚DEVŠ /../6%1QKQO454P“pY

I

6tV dsWh.O\‹4]53Vp3 z\u"D6J¡Kr+ž

W 9JL.f33V K4P/.OZ Q”QOQK? Ph.

\LV ‘*01 (V K \/{ XLVY 1U]5/.`tXLVY\h]5 3Zf0hZ^*\/ _.. 4-V, [O\4PQQK …Z 4…45ZE, !p a0

ˆZfZ?VU.L4PKZLL.`*KfV Š L..”\LŽŠ.`V h. _.`*fXLVYK\L.2. P L.•QK`.•?tV ŠL.cL

P Z`* PS\T. 5\L* -*ŸS 

I

6V 02\h6

FF$

0ŒU6KL/¢E6D2QKcXLVYls45XLVY4^45l \R45

Z1.*?Ž\M>t69@jqqJrž4P ? PQK1 P p 5LŽs\‚, P PQK1 Ph.XLVeZƒXLVYj41O e.M.M“\0UZXLVY

NO ¨,ª!ªP¨U¹_¬,³^§w¨®Ñc±!°E«•©ÇÕ­ººc¶c±!¨|©i¶c¹§!¨M©ªw¹^­*¾­®¶aÑ+·E¶Ž²E¹_°¶ºa¨(·c¨U¹_¨®´Ë¨*¹^´Ë¨(·E¶Ž§-­*Ó°E¹_­®ªP°E±‘¹_¨vÌQP O/R9S ÐR ¨¹^¹^±‘ªP°E±-¹_¨M©Æ?µE¶a±f©®Ç‘¨M©iª

©_­±P©_±·c¨ºc¶a±P©·c¨,¶ÑŽ­®«N©·c¨U§!­(µE¶¨M©^ªP±!°M«#·c¨U§!­vª[¨,¯Dº°E¹_­§!±ÈªP¬(·c¨M©ªP¨,¹5¹^±-ª[°E±-¹_¨M©,¼

(4)

  FF G0h6 ¢E6

%L./h.,p ?* Ph.2Z?V *L*f..”*3VpLxZ‚_L*f.s”Vh3Š?VŠZcZ?** ^.`* PXLVYŠ\LV‰\ _.Z3V M.

Z?_VYc4+.`V •4P*Qv.#re4P . P10U ‚1 ^.• P Z`* P K?Ž/. -*f*0(s.j?gE*•\1.•45”‚_V_V 0

QO q.Ž\h.(VY‚^V_V tQKL|XLV ^4h‚*?VY\/ -Ž.p 1 wtNf, [ZN P ›6ƒ Nh. 5Z */V/|?V*L|s24`]5?_*f*

\”4]5 P PŠ/V1 45 ^XLVYp _.)s)qp _.x\”45p L* Pˆ\3V— ^.XLVYK/Vz\LV— …3Z … K\Za?V, [30(XLVY0

\h.Vh—?VK ^.`0$?V{— 14P -, 5XLVYL.4P Z45L.\K1h., aZ› !p ”*c,, -*/, 5450$/VkZaO?V{zQK/.

\h]5\/\LV—\?p 4P QONfŽ\LV ? 45s4]_Z454^QK \ ^45/6 %/.?_*f*L..ft4-VU.2./Vp f*0v45

p -*0$s”QKE^Ou45? PWp fZO\L.L.Nf*? P1.2 P3XLVh 5“?*L.x\LVk‚^V_V 0$XLVJ]5?p ZV KgZE, P

L PQ _.`*2\c1.(VYK?pY !tQON P454^V E6

%L.•XLVY/.`* PQONf.•Z/p , f.•fQjN K45”ƒ PKs”c N .•453.D*Q 4P -*L.0–./VU.

V N145 \ P‚‚,Nf‡\LV Z45L.E. [XLVU 4P4^“45;f,H*Qh. ?‡L.* Z/6W},4„.c]^c1 -R?Vg3V \h]PLVe

\ Pf*, 0Jsj cq !•\/.D*,* -* wL.x?\K4P?V E.•\/~YNQK 5XLVY/.0(4]^ 5Qj3 ^Zf? [—L*Q 4P -*K?

*, -*, P4^ ‘*0Ds”?p.ƒ4P/.33Vp4^45/.‚,QOL.ƒ\uQO3 P4^ ‘*0D\Š,/{ PQ -*0Ž\h]^N31. P1k\u45

\ ^.`* Za/6%?_*T‚45{ P1œ Zafn/V/— _ PZ?VY4^ 5“QOLz4[3.k3N4P~h.ML.„.`V k4]^p 4-V, [ \/.

. Z P?*L.ƒ4P Z4P/.‚*Zˆsu45uQK13\ 54^ _.E, P0D45ˆ\ P45?*? Pk\/.L.EV1{0=4]5ZfZ45? Pk\1f.Œ*QU.

EVU.E62zh?VŒ4PM.Œp1 !ƒ\1.45/.2*,, ‘* !L.K\/.3~3?V {l\z.`*? 54… ‘ˆ3Vn\ P ` 50ŽZuXLVY

QKz\‹31QEV{„ /.OszZfO4P‹‚ P„\1f.*,, -* !f.O?VT31Q \zZ?_*‹.*? P4^ -*

/h.45“?* ‚aZL s V Qj1\ \ L.Ma?V1{  ,/V EV 1Q \,VY Z3Z/* P \LV *c,, -* !

L.M.L* P4^45QONf‚\a‰.V V l\ Z/V u3?* P34EVg/V \fVh ` [N4545NQOLƒ\c L.E.¢›6+%?5*

h., -* P‹‚* -• P\QONfV d.qxsV zZZ/x3Z\h]5Z?_VY4P -*ŠE#V P45ŠsŠ4`]54…~Y.0t?VkhQ

\h]!Vh3 h., ‘, PŠXLVY45XLVY ?V—c` P‚, 5ZN 54^45Kr14P/.ŽL.f?V{—.LŽZ1., ‘_V/ P‚®.=\/.+*,* -* wL.0hf.?V {

QO?* P4_.K/VT [\4q.0#3 -*L.K/V …33pL.0D‚ P 3.jLVT4[a 545L.}4/.`2p3 XLVYW4^f.*, -q w/.KL

4P1/*Qh.?*Z1. 5\f.Z1QKQO\1L.t \LVY -.Ž\LV*QU.D4P1 0h …h.Z -.\ .+VY _.`* !a0|.4P1

45T‚QVY45T\ I 6 I PKr\LV ž*cQv.mZ ^.`*4P4^ _.M2Ÿh62},4K‚*?Vz. .z\/V*EVcg3V \h]^LVY K?_VY\ P

\h]5?VL.2*,* - !L.j)®. .K/V 4… 5ƒ4^/.Q 5M.)ZV{l\ˆ4`]PV , Z0Ž\LVl/p _.1 !0–p !ˆ\m45

Za -*’2\ch.ˆZlZ/.ˆ45L.Š ZL.M.`VJ.ˆ\‹*,, ‘*, [N4P _.M? Pœ.L?V{‡QQf.ˆZfZ?*c, _.L.ŠY

4]_ QO“ \ 4]_, PE, P ? \ 4P Z1.QOQE, P \ . P /.E6 <,?p14-V* P \/.

ZQKQjVY 5Z?* P1.<2?#\4^ŠQK 54^ -*O3 45 P Šs/p _.E c2\L.QK \L.\VU. Š\LVW*c, - !”q3V•s

‚*N ‘33VpYa?V1{‡QO _.Š L.ˆsd33Zˆsl4^EV ˆ?_VY\/6 L.ˆ‚®Qj3.€\lZL.3Z045L.€Z fZ -*L.

\V1 5XLVY -*SXLV _*L—4PL.W*Zc14P PL.kZ?_VY4P45/.z‚‚,fZfW L.YaZZf_VYL )z4PbL. ^

\Zc 3’ŒN4P45/.ˆ/ 4^ P LŠ4/h.M`p?*?V ˆsl\c/*W.T c\S?ˆ.L.ˆ/V P4_.Š 3V ˆ/h.`pˆ?

Z3ZŽs2Z1Qƒ\/2\/.tQK \N45 -*L.ŽZ1Qƒ145{ L.ŽJQK/Vp L*L.–\Œc _|?VK*`* -* w/6 >JZas

\L.*cQ N4P -*/.ˆ‚4[VYZE_VYL*L.04]^3N4P~h.Md q*dQj1 P1.z.`V ˆ\L.O*,, -* !f.0Z?VU.ˆZ Q”QOl\/.

Z‚` P/V E Ph.—‚` P /.0XLVYb.V u45d*,, ‘, P4^ -*„ZQK® _.Z Q”QOdV  PS Q3Nf*

\,gVJ.`*cQf$|\#aZ›_VY4P _.?* Ph6

‹ _O?Vb L..lL.`O\“f.Š4P.Š4!Vh ƒ?VU.M. PL, KrD4P‹ /.M.lh]53.K L.Š 5Z VY \LVYZ?*?V

žKQK1fJŸœ\h]^ 5\L* -*T?—\l*?,* -* w0”QjN _.WVYœ‚\1.zaZ?_VY4K\TL..3V ZL.z\h.z45XLVY445/.

/V L. /V ^.ML˜Z4P4^aZ?, !pNQOL .4P1 4P/.HQK \ N4P -*/. \ 4P ? PQK ^45 q.ME, P ? \ 4P

Z1.`VYZ› [ QONQj 54…45/6ˆ}4d‚/V ® ‘S\L.SL.Nf*? P1.‡\LV *Qh.4[1/ ?b\ 4_]_3Z

.,~Q14^ 5XLVY0•s‹\f.Š. ZN [?*L.K ^./.O\h.O4Pu*Qh.Z3V _6

W‚` P 4^ -*zL.Kc4PM.4PzZ1.`VYZ? P

\h]!Vh3 ^\f, -**,, ‘*/, P45u.`VJ.Z/* ! 45\u.NQVh P2Zaf4]^ P Z` -_VY\O\4]_p P•režK&t/V/

. f.E.2Z1QKQO. h4]^1QKQO2pY -UYL.1 PK\U]53V P4_.t\ p Ph? [K4!Vh QO?_*f$\‚ P245 1 PL

45Œ 4!V(..3VpNf$ h.. ! 45ŒŸO q"|)6ÈK6

3\N4[0

FF9

¢E6%•L.Ž3V P4_.+pftZ3Zt 4[VU.Dp4[f, Pc.45?V .

…f.Ž\Œc “\h.$VhK L.E.Œ \ Zc` -_VY\X3VY\h.$VhKf.Lt P1.M _. _.E. 45/VV O‚qV_V

QOfLM6

»¨¹_¨«E¾°E±!¨±!´±hÒ§_Ç-­*Ó°E«·c­®«a´®¨·c¨M©|ªw¹^­*¾­®¶aÑ©^¶c¹$§!¨M©|ºa°E§!±ÈªP±!µE¶¨M©vºa­®ªw¹^±!¯°M«±-­M§!¨M©–·c¨M©–´°E§!§w¨®´,ªP±¾±-ªP¬M©–§w°´­§w¨©JÙLºc¹_°`¨,ª5©$·c¨

ºa­,¿©Æ/¾±!§w§!¨M©+¯°¿¨«c«¨M©`Æ1·c¬,º­¹PªP¨¯#¨*«ª5©_Æu¹_¬M©_¨®­¶Ñ¨,ªU­E©©_°E´®±w­®ªP±!°E«N©–·c±È¾¨¹©q¨M©+­¶ª[°¶c¹$·¨M©–ºa­,¿a©+·/Ǒ­¹Pª(¨,ªU·ÇÈ˱[©iªP°E±w¹_¨Æ1·c¨©

(5)

\h]!Vhœ3 -* 0O\h][VYSZ?VY4-_V S\ -*SZfL.4P0sS\L.kZa .``VYZ? [ .W*,, -*/* P4^/.k‚3\fL.l.`V

4]_\L. [1zsjVY45ZE_V \LVz f.. P/pYL*cL•/VW* ^Za14PL• *?Vl. . h. -* …‚•\Š%26

p P)/?VU.M.,¢

\L.—Z P L.E6%?_*QKQK !MbY]^/.ˆ L.z‚` P a0”4P4_ L.`—/Vp _*TsT\f.z,g/V.0QK \ P‚ ^Zf? [h.0

4PZE_V L.0 ?VO‚ …4Y\2ZL.|1ZaL..VU.t\ PL*,?*› [Y6

j?V{zQK \4^ -*/..L \ ^., P//VYfL.x ^Z 50$4^K ?, PQK1 i4… _.M? [zE45Z1.`VYZ? PWQOQK P454^6

?, PQK 54^ _.M?* PTp _.MlsT.45Z?* P3ˆ\/.ˆ/cgE.ˆ\h.ˆ45‹*, -* !03cg?.ˆZ \ P‚ 53.€Z1QKQŠ

ZaL. \LV L.E.† ` /.lVY ^XLVYQOL„QO?** P4q.#ru4^HQKLVYQOL*0W4]^/V P4u\ - P450W4`]i3.* “Z

‚,4P _.` PXLVY0ˆQ _.Ž3cgMZE, !p 45/.•rLV *Z PXLVe0V u.p !0V ZE, PO` _.` [XLVU2žp [pYf*Ÿ/¢0

/V $4PL.Ž !Ytj 5OZQ”QVYOs#1.QO?_2?V{O ?, [ .D‚^V_V L.›6N"|tZax 5 _.0145Z4P45fZ? P‚

QO?jR.Z“l./.O* !1 P /.02. _.*, [ZN ‘*0Œ.1 -ƒ 4PzQV(.N P‚, 5Zf? P  ,ZQVJ.0QO _.„\3V

?, PQK … El¢0. -ˆ uV 3L.,p ?* P 0. -ˆ uV 3 p4P _.E, PœaZ31QK 5XLVYT?

. Z P45XLVY +QO PL* ^f4]53cgM?#\h..f.‚ZE, P45 …*L.0(/Vk\1.Œ\L.‚3Z?, [3N45 -*/.\‚, P ^/.›6

x4^p . 5Z l45 *,Qj <`\ - P!<0dXLVY d‚*4^EV ® ‘‡\h.‡4^f.‡\ _.MZ/V .œ.`V ‡45 E, PQK1 P Krm45

p 4P _.?* P\LV‡\ -* P34.c]^c/Vh 5R.V €VYlL.L*? [ \h][VYShL.M.M P \?*,QK P 0QO `.

Z4P4^aZ?, P‚J?|Z1.N .`VY4501E(\f|?V{O?5*L*L.–\NVOL.L M’1.N4[1K4^2‚®QVh45/p Z, PZ2\

6 E/V ,0ž 2 E£…J L.(\/ - P 4P01K4P2\p _f|K …33pLU EVYZ3V KŸK  L0Y6F G/¢M6

€a\/ -, [‰L.`2“f..*3VpLƒZZaQ c13W\U][VYz?Vˆ?{3L.. [1lZ45W\W45—p4P _.E, Pl\LV

L.M.0+4]<EVL* PZ -*<0+XLVY t `* Š\1.ƒ4][VJ. ˆZf3V Lq0+4PŠQ QOˆZZE*“ŠZ1.Nh.VY4Jr–f.`

?V3L* PXLVYZaXLVY $/.`•\aZ*ZcQKQOj*4[0$Z/]^/.*),s)\ !ZOXLVh J \WsK4^Kf.f*? PW\h]!VU

L.M.W e. ‘, P‚ƒ?4[‹Za‚, w®QO/6 ]^EV Nf 5ZN ‘*u e.M.“f\Wl/Vu4[‹‚ Z? PT.`V 4^QOL* !z\

QK \4^ -*2\h]5p 4!VU? [KE$\4[1 ‘, 5QE, PK\2Z f..M0 ›|\LVOZc/V \LVj ›, PQK … 6

Za .``VYZ? [WQOQK P4^45/.`#N4P45QK P45 q.Ma” /V 2\/c2\LVl.N .2E•Zc#V W4P 5zZ14P45Z?* P‚0

V ƒZ3ZaLZaL./cg?.=?ŽLZL.Ž/cg?.E$V Z/‚ P/V ?* PŠ\LV—QK3\/6/'4P45j‚/V , -

V lZa\/WZ -* ^‚ƒ?K.,~Q14^ 5XLVYWXLVY Ph.Zc® ‘2Vh‰ZL4P45Z?* …‚ƒ\1.K45W\LV a0?VT31Q \LV *

\h]!Vh3nQQOn45Z?_V l\LV f..l\c3V 4[l\Nh.OVhTQQO‹*,, ‘* !0EŠc4…45lZ‚`*l … . ”.1

5\L* …‚ 5Zf?, [Y6#Kc1.W45l‚^VU. P1‡\L.ˆZ/V .—sl4^„QQK !045n acll ?VˆXLV ?

?5*L P‚$s245Œ‚_M QOL*? PKZE_VYN4P452VY2QjVY4-* -_VY\ 2\2Z .``VYZE P .t4P1ZaN45/.0 QE^*f$c.Zf“

\L.ƒ ./.j\/ P !/.0#\f.K/cgE. 4_.O\h.O\L.K4^ 5?V {„XLVY/ P\ ^ .E6(Kc/Vh _.O4^—\aVƒ\L.

3Lf. XLVUE)qp P//.04P/. Z 4…45ZE, !p -*L.œ**, -*, P453. .M .L Q” cL. \ ZfL. /V P4q. \

45 -, 5QO?, [„?j„fK\ !p M. ^‚, 5dsz4 …‚* … 245/.QKY\L.O?K45L.O4^ 5?V {U6$'„Z\ Lj?VT 9J/j\‹45

‚®QVh450d ?Vƒ\ !zXLVYW45‹Za .``VYZ? [lQOQK, 5N4545WZ1Q P ‹45WQ _.zdZ -ƒ\v]!VYd /..M

‚*\?*EV 0m.QK q.Mœ;.MZa“N3œ\1.dVY†*,* -* w† P1.Zc® wœ\f.dZf.0ˆ?zV œQ” _.Mœ

.* Z? !pYK?pYZV *,* -* w./V -* 45/6"Ž6hZE 50eq3Vcg3V .•s*3e.•\f.•ZQKQQK?* P1.0

Ph. _.`*Š 45Qf.V Z?_*Š_ PZ?VY45?* Per(ž

]5/ QKLx\L.Za14P4^fZ? !p -*/.*c,, -*, P45L. h.

.`V ƒ4PuZa/p 5Z? PWVh3 ^QOuXLVYˆ4^ˆZ aZN ‘*usŠ45apƒ\L.ƒ\N‚ _.K\LV„‚^V_V ƒL.`•*3/q [3N4545us

4]_Z Š\h.4]^ _.* !0+sŠ4]^{ _.`*3ZŠ\”\ -* P .2Y` PZ?VY4^ 5“L.XLV|]^ ^4D‚*?Vx\Z\aZ3Vp3, !

?*0?VKL. P01 P/p f*E6&<$ŸK ,Z P0

FF(

0,G

¢E6

¬´°E¯D¶N©q¬¨M©`ƨ,ªP´E¼$°E±w¹§!¨Š«O©iºa¬´®±w­§·c¨! #"%$'&)(*+ -,.,/&0 # #"2143^Ì­ª!¹5±!¯°E±-«¨M©Æ R ¨,¹5¹_±Õª[°E±-¹_¨M©¨,ª O ¹_¬­®ªP±!°M«

·!5­M´,ª!±È¾±‘ªP¬M©23ÆcÂÃEÃcÂÆ«6$Ú#7¼

8»MÇ-¬,¾f°EµE¶¨¹_­±aÒ(ªP±Õªw¹_¨(·Ç-¨Ñc¨¯=ºa§!¨MÆ·c­«f©1§!¨J¹_¨®²c±P©…ªw¹_¨(­¹_´Ë±‘ªP¨´ªw¶c¹_­®§[ƛ¶a«¨vºc¹_­,ªP±wµ¶¨Jµ?¶a±f±!§!§È¶f©^ª!¹_¨YÓ±!¨«´®¨,ª!ª[¨(±!·c¬¨(·¨(³i°E«·© ·¨

¹_¨M©`©_°¶a¹_´®¨M©hº­ª!¹_±‘¯°E«±!­M§!¨M©vÙ§‘­D´°E«f©^ªP±Èª!¶ªw±!°E«2·c¨M©

É

©…ª‘¿c§!¨M©v§P°E´­®¶aÑDʨ«•­®¹_´*˱ժ[¨®´,ª!¶a¹_¨¼c½ ¨¶a¹U¬§!­,Ó°E¹_­,ªP±!°M««¨Ž©Ç-­®ºcºc¶c±!¨–ºa­E©

©^¶¹h¶c«¨t¨Ñ?ºa§!°¹_­,ªP±w°E«·c¨©U¯­ª[¬®¹5±!­®¶cѕ¨,ªªP¨´®Ëc«c±!µ?¶a¨M©v­«´±!¨,«N©v¯D­M±!©J©i¶a¹U§-­©_¬§!¨´,ªP±!°E«

É

Ò+§!­t´­¹^ªP¨(Ê·c­®«N©e§iÇ-¨«f©_¨®¯tÓ§!¨t·c¨©

¹_¨M©`©_°¶a¹_´®¨M©–ºa°c©©q±‘Ó§!¨M©+·Ç-¬§!¬¯¨«ª5©+µ¶a±!Æ ´®°E¯tÓ±!«a¬©Æ³5°E¹_¯¨,¹_°E«Eªh¶«j©iª‘¿c§!¨+Ï ´¨§-¶a±PЅ´±U¨M©iª|©_°¶E¾¨«ªU³5­±ÈªJ·/Ǒ¨®¯tºc¹^¶c«ª5©$Ò·c¨©

ªP¨´Ë«a±!µ¶¨M©Æ·¨M©h¯­®ªP¬,¹_±w­¶aѨ,ª·c¨©h°E¹_±!²c±‘«¨M©eËa¬ª[¬,¹_°E´§!±-ªP¨M©ÆN¯­±P©hµE¶±f¹_¨«´°E«?ªw¹_¨«?ª3§!¨M©h²°)9cª5©h­¹_´,Ëa±ÕªP¨´,ª!¶a¹^­¶Ñ·E¶¯°E¯#¨«ª5¼

O Ç-¨M©^ª ­±‘«f©^±µ¶¨t§!¨M©v§‘­®¶!:¨M©J©q°E«Eª ·¨¾¨«¶a¨M©v·c¨ºc¶a±P©e¶c«¨(ªw¹_¨,«ªw­±‘«c¨+·Ç-­«c«¬¨©U§!¨$¹_¨¾;,ªP¨¯#¨«ªºc­¹U¨Ñ´¨§!§!¨*«´¨+·c¨M©eªP°E±-ªw¶c¹_¨©

·c¨© P$§‘º¨M©(·E¶2«°E¹_·cÆLºc­¹…ª[±!´,¶§‘±!Ö¹_¨¯#¨*«ªÓ±!¨«2¹_¨,ºc¹_¬©_¨«?ª[¬D·­«f©U§!¨©$©_¨´ª[¨¶a¹©(µE¶± °«ª §w¨©(¯°¿¨«f©(·Ç-±‘¯Dº°c©_¨¹v¶c«¨t«°¹_¯¨

´°)9ª[¨¶N©`¨MÆ(§!¨M©2©^ªP­®ªw±!°E«f©·¨K©^Ía±^¼1½ ¨M©·c¬`Ó­ª5©§!°E´­®¶aш©^¶c¹´¨M©#ªÈ¿ºa¨M©¨ªŽ§!¨,¶a¹©´®¹5±-ªPÖ,¹_¨M©­ººc­¹^­M±P©©q¨«EªD·c¨ºc§-¶N©¨,«Šºc§-¶f©

³5¹_¬µ?¶a¨¯#¯¨«Eª/´°E¯¯¨U·¨M©1°E´´­E©_±!°E«f©1·c¨(´°E«ªw¹_°¾¨¹©q¨M©/¾±‘¾¨M©1¨,ª·¨J´¹_±P©…ªP­§‘§!±P©^­ªP±!°M«f©1·c¨© °ººa°c©q±‘ªP±!°E«f©`¼

(6)

Z1.`VYZ› [‰XLVh • u/Vh _.Mu /.ja{Z4[VJ. !pYQfƒ\h.K45m45ZE_V W\LV„ L.E.0Zf !QOLƒs€V

*3\Zf€.3VpLž f.. _.ML*Ÿ—\L.x4…~Y.ML.x\4`]5 ^\ L -*a0(Q _.xXLVh (p _.M4PO\LV /61'Ž4P4^g3VY

Ph. +.`V •45L.•\?V {upE.L.•rhZaN4‘Vh |\”4]^ Z K?ZaN4‘Vh |\”45gZE, P0J?Ž‚N ‘45jY J\”45?V

ZZf/6O%)L.d /V XLV ˆ ^4—/.`k c4^QOLk 4-VU.„ ` PL‰\‚45LZ ! †*,QOL.n\1

ZL.M.`VU.K\ 5\L* P‚` 5Zf? P„s€VYd*,, ‘* !WXLV!‹*c,QO3.j\, 5\Nf, ‘*€*,, ‘, P450Z4^45),Z 45f q.M.ML

h.tXLV 54 3.|Lp _.M 452\24^. q. P$ /V (4P.3VYQK?_i2s43Y.,p E, PK?|s44…~Y.M/6

P\ L P‚, 5Z?* Pu ?V#N P . #.Z1.`Vh w€.V 2\L.x/VhQjNf.2QK?_*cL•—?pNf•4PQK \ -*0$/V

4]^ PpYE P3014P2\LV 54^ -*0 /VKQQOŒ452Z aZN ‘*2s2N‚‚f*$4P2‚^V_V E6

]^?{YQ 45Œ45 4!VU.+‚_ L

.fJ4^f.$?pY\ 5Z?* P1.t\31Q?VJ.f.D. Z P?*L.t451Za4P/.0 XLVY4… 5‚` 5fL.t\#\/ -* P34^45L.$ /V $

L.x\ w” ^QO -* [pYf.0$?•XLVY $‚‚, PQf•?Vag3V \h]…fVh t4_?V xZ Z -*O\h]^a\1/*E P—?VkQK13\ZE_VYN4[0

45?V tZ‚QK -*33*QKQOL|?V{OE{ … Zf.t\2\LV ? 54^ -*0 ?J\LVZc3V ƒ4^EV +QK \, ‘*?_*/Vp /6

Š\ q.MZa3V .ƒ.`V 4^”*c, - !ˆZ1Q P Š …h.M Ž\3.45 ^V{‰L.E. ! L.ƒ?Vk /..u?x\L.45 ^EV1{k q*?V M.

\ P3p ?* P1.tE$ZcZ32s2K\QK1f$4& …f*\ 3\N3Zf/6

5 8" 2% % !2!

Š/p .Qf\u4]5a{3L.E. P d/VU.ƒZ\LVY -su45ˆXLVY/.`* Pk\u4 Ph.Zc® P/* Pd\f.45fZ?_V L.ƒ\LV

L.M.\Nh.Ž45x**, -* !?tZ3ZƒsQO?__O4[VYQK _“4]^ PL*$Et\24`]5 Z3Œ 5XLVY\3V

*,QjŒ4P 5?VY0 ?Vˆ.1.tXLVY24-VY \ K6 XLVY2  FF G/¢M6

1 Y4^f.+ P Z P ?V1{ža, [ZN 5h.$ŸO\ 45QONQj1 !0h L*QKQOL

I 6 @j4[KfZ1.Ž/V"Ž6Lx PZ ?V 0 f

4P?* !p QOL ?V \?p4P W45WXLVYL., [‰\m4]^ Ph.ZN !/ [„.,Y? 5N45W\W4PWQOQK1 P0Z4P45),Z •L.`

aNQj1 Ph.f.L*K\h.•45L.2\EV1{2V1p3L.›6@jN4!OaZh. 3V •‚‚, PQO•XLVY”45”QOQK1 !” ?V

?KXLVYKZc4P45Z?* !p 0J\3Z. ‘_VYK\Nh.DVYˆQ” 54^ 5?VmZ4^45Z?* !p QONfD c`* ’1x PZ ?V /V … . _.`*

.`V t4P2/ PK\ <$145Z <cr/žj2‚ 450/*3VJ/*3V 2L.M. ! 2\L.$ 4^aZ/.E6%Œ]5/.`|\2Z4P45L.)

Z DXLVYˆ4`]5‹ c\u/Vl‚QKuQOQK1 !u %El¢›6$  L.K./Vp c …M.,¢33VU.‚Lp~3 ƒ\€3V ˆ

/V 0t\ŠZ\/ŠkZ\/0(*f.* ? P?V {kXLVe”*Q” 45.E6h2fZE£…”VhzQO #.V VhW `i -*0

Z/]5L.`•.c145Zc\ .45/.QO P4^ 5V1{—W33VU.•4_]5p h.#pVŸˆ _"D62 5Z ?V 0

FFF

0 K) K

¢6 xVŠq3V

. PQK145QONft 3V3D c4P4P”.Nh.=\4P‚QVY45žK]k?* ^.tŸˆr1XLVY U 4P45?VŠ*QK1 w13 Q _.

‚`‚ PQ2EVU.E. XLVYŒ4]5apY3NQOLJaZL*2L._t., ‘_VY2\h.(V K4P ^EVJ6/ q"Ž6• PZ ?V 0 FFF ¢6

¡OQK1 Ph.0– 54D.c]^ -•45s\h]^ Ph. _.`*c.`V 24[4P1Zf4P _.M?, [—\LVl./Vp P0$4P4^ 5?V +‹.€.3Vp 5L*0

4-V*šL|XLVY.`V $4P24^ 5?V4]5Š../Vp ^f+’34^f.t\?V {U]5?*fJ L.t‚ZaNQjNf|Z‚\LVU.›6 /.t4P 5aV {

h../Vp 5LJ e.L|4P\Zt\Œ452Q _.MZ -’Š.?VY45Qf$ ^4_.t 2Z/.M. -*LJ L.D45

L. Z.`V t14[ZfQK _.DEVˆZL ! P4q.ŽZcZL–sŒ‚ P D4 5Q *4P45XLV N4545j.V1Y. q.*\ .D45L.

./Vp !E.›6 /.45 5?V1{W41z.€.3Vp 5LŽ)*ZN/q0(?V{0(45”QOQK1 P\ .245ƒ*c,, -* !OZ?_VY4_’

.$~K\ 4^aZ0 p 5LUp !›6/%.Le4P/.D.Za3\e.tXLVY /VU.t PL*f..f( 5Z _6

jh.45ƒp 5/V 4^ 5XLVY0U4P/.DE PXLVUf.QQK 5N4P45/.LŽ\/3ŒVh3QK145?V +*/V/* q [Z?Vh4P 5“K?V {

žK4P ^EV1{b\‹QOQK1 PŸ304^ 5?V { S4]5S.l./Vp 5NfŽrDQKfVhQOL*02.`*“4[0QONQj 54P0 Z/V .O\

QOQK1 !M,E %EV1{),Z –*3\LxsŠ\p PapZu45”*QKh.ƒ\L.4P 5V1{‹\, q.* w0tXLVYN3\‹45/.*QK1 Ph.

\ ^.,Y _..Nf*0?jXLVY‹4[mZ -Š.WY\„?V ‚ -j\,V ka{314P 5Zf?* P„\ _.`* Za/6D% 3.K4PsuVYT\/.

EgM?V {ˆ\LV—QONQj 54r1Z Q”QOLŽ‚ !Mu.`*ƒXLVY4PQK q.W.Z“3j‚*L.E. \LV c#4[jQOQK1 Pa0

.ŠZa Z -*ˆsŠNQj3V p 1 w?xs€QK/ P4^ _.M0t?xXLVY4ŽL.`x4P.4Pš14[Š\LVl4^ 5?Vn?x\u.L.Œ\ 5Q . P1h.

. . [Y45/.=

2/U.cp\/.ˆ ZL.M.`VU.—\TZ _.`*4P4P q.ME, P‡\45QOQK1 P„\Nh.—Zc`* … .W45 ^EV1{—r24^ 5?V { \1

L.M.Qh45QOL.0J\KZQK 5L.0J\j -*f.0(QKQO3.x?Ž PXLVYL.•Z1QKQO*4q.›6h%2]53.+ 5ˆ4^sVY

‚13Z?, [‡L.E.Nf, [N4545\LV 45 ^EV S 50Z4^45TXLVY ‚* -ˆZ/p c, —NTVYS 1 PLˆ\d* P4P4_

p c® 5 450 \L.$ ZL.M.`VU.D.,~3Qj14^ 5XLVY/.tXLVY LYV 2‚QK0LV 3ŒQj?*, 54P -*/6

(7)

? [XLVYXLVh $.NQY45”.\ P‚,‚_VU.M\QKXLVYc\h][VYY/VYXLVY›Ž\‚4P?V E.0|. w13?V(.Qft/Vp 450

454P/\453V*c0 3V\h]!V .`*“4P‚^VYN PKQK1L*c0145/.t4^ 5?V {\h]_ZZ 5\L| q'x6N"| -*0

FF K¢M’

^4ˆ.c]^c1 -m4^s‡\h][VYQOQK1 wR‚*Q ^45 5N45S4^S14!VU.„./Vp L*0QjN _.kXLVY fZcZVh3R‚QS\

Za _.E.ZfZa14P4^aZ?, !p0(/*QKQONf•\1.245OZLf.\L..`*“4P/.E6U%L.•?* PXLVY/.2 P Z -*L•sp 4^ 5\

4]^ 5\1aŠXLVY€45ŠQKQK1 PŠ L.1 Pz\€45 5?V1{m 3V .VU. q.*0$/VH _* ’J L.. PQK145QOL

\L.Ž4^ 5?V {Šc13NQO“3.Ž\2/..NQY45NQOLtQO _.Ž\3.Ž4^ i?V{Š 5\L* P‚, 5L.Z Q”QO*4^.?–XLVh QO?_*f

\h]^ Ph.Zc® wk\1.Š45m*c, - !kZLE^*‹QOQK1 wdZ 4…45fZ !p /6 ]^ Ph.Z P/ PT\ -O\Z‹ c®Qj?_d\

4!V_*kZLb4]53V 45 P0Š?m?VU.. \1 .d45/.lZaL.lXLVY Z“\LmZLT4]^ P ZaR\ L.‰?VL.#r

P13Z2 PL*4P 452\24`]5p QONf|XLV h.c]^L.|\,/V 4PJ6

%2]^/.„s_?p. 4^ ‚_XLVYL*? [ \ ZLf.T4^ 5?V { 0—ZEgV /VYNfT.,~3Qj14^ 5XLVYHElQK?*c® [N45 -* \1

4]^ Ph.MZ P/ P30WXLVY†45œ3V ‚‚, !QO . { q.*Za†H*LnXLVY˜3V 0ˆ?z~ /VY _.M†\/.

‚13\NQOL.–s. P\L* P‚, 5Z?* PY6

ž ./Vp PtZ _.`*4P4^ _.M2\h.(Vhj3cgM?|4P1ZaN45 _.3V\h.(VYK4^ 5?V€Z .`* -_VY2K‚,‚*?$4_]iap 5\Za2\1

4]_{ _.`*3ZL?–\45ZL. P ”3V 4P/.E6 ?V D‚XLVeL*? [OXLVY/ P\ 5ƒ3V€\LVˆQK1 Ph.t/VY4^ 5“

‚Z45?V x‚,‚, 5ZZ -*ŠZc24^45ŠL.4]5‚,‚, !QO?* P—Z?V ,L*O\4^Š45Z?_V OZQ”QVYŠ\LVW*QU.

K4Pu3V /6t% 3\L*0# P4•U]^L. L.KaZ/..M !zXLVYW4P‹4P 5V \ h. -* !W\W45‹QOQK1 !W\3V

/V 0Y›| +4[j.Vh -*\”.O{ _.`*3ZLa0v. -$/~Y. iXLVYQKL$L.Lt’ P4(.`VY‚‚, -tXLVY.O{ q.*Z

. -|Z/fVY2?|›5*L.`*Ÿj 

I

?V;N0

L0 G/¢E6

%L.•4… 5V {—\”QKQK1 w3.fD f.•Z1 _. _. •4P. ^QK145K‚N ‘XLVY < .E]_f.`Ž L..”4Ps <0(4]^ PL*c$?

L.Z ^.QOL\ZaQN3\/d /V XLVY Zf* Ph.W.Lˆ.45Z?* P/.0Z \ P‚ 53.0Œp 4P _./.0?

\?p 5Lˆ c,‚1 _.z\L. <®3?V.),4P 5?V {<E62žœ%/.W …f.z\LV QK\ T 4 ?Vˆ .mXLV

/V `c -*02\LVS‚ -O\W_\ - Ph.O4… P 5?VU.ML.3V‡\z45dXLVY4P -*d\VYR. -*a023V‡\V Z ^4P02E_* P\/

Q 5?V { XLV P4^45V .k?V /_msR. OXLV œZ3MZSŸ    N‚~0 F ¢E6 T4P 5?VY0” cn.

QO?* P4^ ‘*‹E_V 4…45z?q3VbZ1.`V -*z‚`‚_k\L.ZL\ -* P1.O‚,p ? 45L.szZ?_*zZ, _.*N4P4P _.M?* P€r

Z‚` P/V E Pl c`, [Z?Vh45 5“z\LV. ‘*0# _ PZ?VY45 -*z\3V 4P 5‚K/VS\W4PWp ?*E P30‚*Qz\u oE,

, ! … 45/6P6P6‹j?p LVJ.245 ^EV1{m\1QOQK1 wOZ14P45Z?* P‚®.0+ P4q.3u.L L.• /V 2?V*f‚ … /.x\h.#VY

. ! ^‚, 5ZE, Pˆ?tV K‚3Z?, [Š -_VY4P45”\‚ P1 -* !pYKre P4.2.L$/Vcg/V .2.`VU.Z/* ! 4^f.•\v]?QjN 5/.

/VŠ/V 4P 53.›6¡OQK1 Ph.0h ^4_.•.`V q.E.Lt4PsŒVY‚QO\h]53cgMZ?* !p ?* P0h P4_.2.Lt4P Z4P q./.0h1QKQOL.0

?x …f*L.ƒ\h.2V 3uZf?* /* P€ 5n.*haZN P‚, 5XLVYˆ\v]i3cgE.”.* ?* P?V { 0DXLVY D PQK145 ^XLVYˆ\/.? PXLVY/.

4P4^/.tEVU.. U., fZ …‚* ^XLVY/.›6 >t6bN4‘*0 s,h.t\L.$‚ PV L.$ ~h. “L.–\Œ4 5\L* -*3?, [3N4545“p

XLVYr$ž‹'Žl‚`‚*?*0D P4•a{ _.*W\L. ~ .M L.jXLVh •Z\ .MNfƒ‹V ‰L., aZLˆL.` PL2/V/ŒZWXLV

?5, !/VYŠsu4 5\ L -*Š?* P45/6J%#W.Lx\p -* 4iL.*,* -* w),QVJ./.„.ŠQ 45Lx?_V ŠE

_.`* !zŸ„ FF G0#Y6 G9K F ¢M6–}*1.`V Qf*N4P _.f.K 45/.O?V, -*f.OZQKQOu*4^.0•ZL.K ~h.hf.Š.L

L* f.0–. w13L.0(c a P45 -*/..N4[1WZa?_*4P PXLVYQOQK® 54P45?• P\L* -* !3režˆ}4(~—?V -•\Z

V .`* \ <,QKQO !M9< \LV ~h. XLV .=‚,‚Z - \ 4^ 5XLVY 3V 3\/

^QOQO\ 5?*QKft4… _. !Y4^45\XLVY?* POapfZ4P/.+pN45?V E.tE, P45/.DŸO , P\h6/U6GG ¢›6N'$| …4eZN ‘*Z Q”QO

?{NQK 4545 <`"J P ^\ *4P <D?VŠ\O\LV Z\L.VY?%#cL1.Žˆ/Vh _..0h ! fjYcZ?V

\24P2%‚\ E PK3N4!pY?* PXLVY/6

‹45 5?VS\ ‹QOQK1 wzZ _.`*4P4^ _.04i]_z\ -*0DV ‹QOQK1 !M’QO _.ŠZf4P4^a),Z 2 ?V/p ~3O\

QO ^“c2\ P‚,‚_VU.2s24]^h.NQY452\LV”*c`, ‘* !0 c(V / ZL.M.`VU.t\D_~h2QK?*/~QO ^XLVY6

j?V{—{ QK145L.Ž14!VJ.\p 4P /.D QO?_*fŽ\h]^?{3145 5ZN ‘*D 4[VU. 5?V M.•\Z/./., aZ?.Z _.f.•\j45

QOQK1 !Mˆ\L.4P 5?V {U6(}4.c]^ -x 3V 24PŠQK 5\LV+@KQKf?Vn\ƒ4PZp 5“ˆ\1.ƒ4^ˆQK/.. ^‚x\3V

ƒZ.E6 %4P ^EVzL.Ž?Vag3V \h]^LVY $. … 450hp q.M -*Ef?*fV—ZQ”QOK4`]!VYˆ\L.3?V.),4P 5?V {ˆ\ j45

xL. _.`* Za\h.D45cZ.D’ ^4U/.t4_]^3V _..Qft\4523V*\ƒN45Zp3® 5“01 ? -*2/V/*\

QK1f*a0#E, -*W?ŒL.Za, 0+i1.‚QKW‰ZN QK P„\WZ !{„\“/.K4PW‚ …„\/.jN3L. K F 6

«t¾°E±-ªµE¶¨¼K­§ÈªP¨¹/ºc¹_¬,³5Ö®¹_¨J§!­(´°E«·c¨,«f©_­®ªw±!°E«fÏa©i¶a´´®ÖM©1·c¨M©1¯D¬,ªP­ºcË°E¹_¨M©1­,ªP¯°c©iºcˬ¹5±!µ?¶a¨M©¼

¶Nƛºa°¶¹;,ªw¹_¨vºc§-¶N©/ºc¹_¬®´±P©Æ?ºc­¹ ¨³P³5¨,ª·¨|©^¿«¨´·°EµE¶¨E¼

(8)

4P4^QO\/.D4[.Ž\4]_E_*XLVY\LVQOXLVh _.t \Lt4]_E* KK 014[3.ŽQOXLVh _.\1.tfZ?VY4^ft?| \f

/f.. !p QOL$45?V M.$ e. ‘, P 1.E6'ŽZaf? f.D\Zf?^**/V/*.#*/Vp 24^2 QO?VY013 /.t4^ 5?V

\Z Qj?.QK _.•XLVh J‚qVŽcL* P“QOLŽ\?`V ‘t 4P/.454^QO\1.•L.N 54^45/.E6

/.D`VY P L.L

?*ŠZ1.`pLf.z4]_?*?q0+XLVY4PXLVYf./Vp L.ƒp -*L24]5‚`‚13\/QONfx\L.QV .0+\L.ƒ‚?VeZN3L.ƒ?

??_* L.$/V 4P ^c.t‚_ … f$4PL.M. PK\Œ4[Œ‚$?|\ .+4[2ZN45 ! 5“/6

2p L•45”/VY*0$Z3NQOf?Vz cZu.`V VhˆpY./•f.Z* ?* -? PXLVYQONf•?N3\3ŠZ

4P1 ! ˆ\/.33VpN4545L.3V*f.\LV cZ.0D\/ P‚`‚, 5Z ^45W\h]5ZZa“3.Ž’+4]^ -*E.Š\LVY ^.N ‘sˆXLVYN45XLVY/.

c, 5L.•?t -*E.+*Q !L.=\v]5/.` !pY/6 %]5L.`Ž45./Vp P\/.Z1Q?.\K4^2L. _.`*3ZXLVY

4]_z{/ -*0D PT“L.45z‚, PT\z4^W/Ve,a0\h]!V ‹ _.`* !Wp 4-VYW 3V O4`]5 ! OTžp 54^45

QO`~Ÿz?x …4Ž/.`x?Vag/V \h]…fVh =ZLVn?p q. ‘* sˆZ” -/6U},4.Qh45ŠXLVYŠ45uQONQj1 !ˆ\”*4…45

XLVJ]5N45452L.`h1.QO q.2?Vag3V \h]^LVY v.c]5/VY 52?V*Lt.V $4PZ -|\24P q.2\LVŠQK/.M. ^‚0ZL*.V

4PZz Š\L.O f?V { 02XLVYl.`V 4[‹ Za/, [ \3V‡4P 5?Vmr#4Pl. -*n.V ,14[1QYNfK4P/.O , f.04P

Z‚` P/V E P Z4^ P 5“ \N .T45XLVY4^45 .†\ _. .L„4P/.„`VY P/.0W4P/.TQj, /.T‚L. P“/.

ZL, !VYNfq3V?V*LŒsu‚ !W\ K45ZN3p 5“Vhk?V*),4P 5?VJ6 I _.MˆdZ -*0DQK _.Mu„.Z“ 0

Z/]5L.`O 5N u4]_‚‚,EŠ\l4^ 5?V XLV|]^ ^4O.E]51 ‘ˆ?Vag/V \h]^LVY ƒ\ZEg`V cu4]53V 4^ Jr45/.Š E, Ph.

L.M.L*0U4PL.2./Vp !E.=\j45xL. _.`*ZaL.2. c\LŽ?Vˆ‚ -Ž\h][VY _.`* !ƒXLVh J/.`taZ*

?j\f4Pd‚ZzL.KQ 4^ 5‚, 5Whc45z\ZE6D%?j?{ QK 4^z ^454[VJ.`m45L.O PL*Z?* Ph.Of

~h. K?DQOQK1 wKre4[j ~Y.M K3.D c?VmsŒ_Ep .•4P”‚ ^4-”\KZE_*j‚ZE Pˆ\K?V*)4… 5VY0(E

?/V 0/ P4hZaf, !/VY2s2Z?5*2Z \/ P‚, 5Z?* PK\LVŠ4P 5?VJ6

dEV€4P 5?VY0+1Z3u\c1.4]5/., ZˆQ _.ƒ\h.ŒV zc1 _.`u\/ P‚‚,Nf*0+ ,Qj?__ˆ\h]^ P4P4!V(.2V

?V4P 5kNfŠQKQK1 !MŠ?*,* -* w/6

€45 ^EVY),\ ‘2žK%QKh.\Š45

?* P4^452Ÿl. -_VYŠ 45NQOL

\h.Ž4^ƒZ.0 PLD.OQ \h]!Vh1 _.1\ Z 5NO?–3V 4P 5\4]^ _.*1 !4[1Z45Kr?Vˆ\Vt\LV

.›6-0V ‹?* P4^45l h.d4]5pXLVel\‹K Pl?45l%#Q*l\T L.M. a0j.N P ?V M.u4[1ZEV1{0

?Vq3V t\24P2 e.M.L.E. P \2‚$?.Ž›–\h]^4! c L.E6 */~QOZa .,p .`V Ž4^f.DZa`*L.Ž?|\ .D45L.

VU.c L.0D /V K\L. ! V WZ4^ ! 5“a0#E*N ‘ƒdp 1 [‹\ˆ \//V/*‹. w1 P‚, 5Zf? P0Dp 1 !W\h]5E

Z‚3\LVˆp aZxVY45 ^EVˆ\ Z Qj?t\4PxŒL. _.`* Za/6 \ap4P QOLJ/V , ^.`* PXLVY0h45Z\L.

.f ^c.Š\kŒ\ mx\k?O4]^‚‚`”\n. ! 45?* PXLVYdXLVY .`VY !ph -*02QK d45L.?V*/, -*f.Šs

Ph.`*4P45D\/.t f?V {a{3145 5Z?* …‚.D454[1/\1L.Ž -* … !L.0h‚*N _.Nft4P, QOL|‚Z?V {ˆ\?V {

L.M./V ZL.x® P3ZN P 45/.\LVk ?, PQK1 P Š4P1ZaN4*r(45€3?_V Š?•4_]5 q.* w/6 L.3a ‘*Nf.2?*/Vp “cL

Ph. +45W. … P‚, 5Z?* Pz\LVz*3/~3QŠE2EVYZ?V z?Vag/Vh\h]PLVY D3€QOXLVYŠ\Š‚3V * …4]_{ 4P ^Zf? [30

./Vp f•ZQ145?*a\u.ˆZ‚0t?Vzp q. ‘*?Vh›6 Œˆ45“ap€ 5Z t4^š4PŠQK/*?V $g/VY” 245/.

/~QOL.Ž\1.t4c* ^E PO\Vh*c,, -* ! L..L.(VJ. M.01 5Z *cL$4 -*L|XLVY24Pxp _.M -*?V

Z?V P?V {U6Ž%‹4P 5?VSEKZW31Q QE^*fK\z\Z/V/p3 !Vh3‹ _.`* !z4P1 PL* P z?ƒ3V 4P 5z?j\

4]^ PL=\h.+VYQOQK1 PKZ?_VY4P45Œ*3VŽs‚ -tp …p f*0h ZXLVJ]54^45/V , -Ž4PZ _.E.Zf

\LVz*,, ‘* ! .ML.3 -*L.E6h'Ž4…45W.=/VY 5Šd/Vu.V \?V{k\ L.ƒZQƒ e.Nf*L.2 P Z … 45L.0

4VYc \LpY.45YL.E.Š?x4?V”p.45u‚^V_V 0t\€4 ^\f, P‚ ^Zf? [k?Vz*,* -* wr(45u‚?*0

L.M./V ZSZQK 5XLVY \ ‘, P454^S?m‚LZE*?V z\, 5? P0O?z4PT/V , ^.QO, PL*E P1

Z?_VYc4…45„\/.WaZ? !p -*/.W4P Z45L.E6 2‡3Y.,p\1.mZT.Z\‡ZL.ŠVY„14P 5Zf? P P/pY.\LV

ZL.M.`VU.DQO?*/~QK 5XLVep XLVY214-VJ.D3?V›rsŒ c`, wD\h]!Vh*/~QO?–\h][V Š45 5?VY0h4^QQK !Mj.M

\ …‚‚_V(..`V t4_]_1.NQY452\LV”*c,, -q !/6

2Z1.`VYZ? PKQQK 5N4P45L.`|\Z2 …3\ _.E.1Z P 45\LV\ 5.MZ3V M.D.`V t4P#*,* -* w0 ?|N4P452, _.

.z45Z?_V z\L.O4^ 5?V { \h.Vh3‹Za‚, P/V E P s‹45d‚1 5.u.,~ Q 4… 5XLVez?? PXLVY/6Ž%#1.`VYZ? P

QOQK 54P4^z? E, PQK1 54^ _.?* Pl PL*c1 _.E.f PZ UE_* -*QKfM6 VY3\‹Vhl/V u*3VpW?

5\L* …‚ 5z\L.aZL.K\h.K45€**, -* !0XLV P4 PL*c,1“?*Wk‚Zz?V„ f.E.0ZL.ZL.O.L

p c.fL.?VSY?, PQK1 P kZ14P45Z?* …‚O?”\?pL ?_u*h.QK _.M3.Z1QKQOm*4P45L.E6DV(.XLVYd45s‹ ‚1 _.

*fVYL.„?‰/~ QOL.0ˆ4^45/.„\1p 5L‰\L.S. P L.0ˆXLVY˜41 ZZN3†sN3\/œ{ 4^ 5Z -*/.0

V !p XLVY/.K?ƒXLVY 2.Lƒ\“L.K4P.K PL*cL.O\1.O45m f.` Pl14[ 45W\LVl*, -* !3r+4^W3NQOEVS\

(9)

\Š4P ?* …4545ŠN/p + 4P/.‚_ ^Z33.Œ3Vk/~3Š\h.V z/Vp 4DaXLVh P QONfx\4P1 _. !E.E6 ŒWp1 -

P4^45?V .Ž\L.ŽZ14P45Z?* !p -*/.$*,, -q* P4^/.0hQO4Y\Œ , PQK1 P3\h.Ž\L.$*,, ‘* !L. <.MN .D _.`* !Q<0

P/pYL*t\L.Ž. !13L.t\Vh f..M#* EVQj3 54… _.M 45EU4P/.tQK?_•.Za“N3›6

'ŽŠ‚`‚*?*0(. (4]5ˆ/p _.ch45XLVY/.`* PŠQ PL*3NfŽ\LVˆ PfŽ\ƒpVY\”4]_aZ? PˆZ14P45Z?* [pK?Ž\L.

4… ‘, 5XLVYL.t/V 4^ 5XLVYL.0YN4P45/.Ž?VU.E. hE_*L !p /.Ž?V {O?pY3\ 5Z?* Ph.DQKQK 5N4545L.Ž?$*1\LV _.Nft4P45/.)

QQ/.t\4^2QOQK1 PZ14P45Z?* [p0h.2 e.Œ45XLVYL.`* 5K\245‚ … 45 -*\ZL.t \LVYZ Ph.›6L}4U.c]^c1 -

5 5Z 2\h]^ 5\L* P‚, 5V u,gZE* !‹\f.*,, -* !f.ŠfWQK/ ^4^ _.M? [„\LV /..z?ƒ*?gEr+45

QOQK1 !MKL.`=Z * K\”‚*N w”45”45 5N30(\K\‚, P1 w=VYKZ c Z0(E*0v/VXLV vYL.0(\/Vp !•\/.

.* Z? !pYL.014P ?, PQK … 2f.`|Zc, 2\Œ4[3.|\/Œ4P _. !Y45/6

%XLVYL., PQOLt ?V ›ŒV/ P45QfŽZ4P … D45/ PŠ\h]5N‚‚*?t PXLVYŒ*4P45XLVJ]_4P4_

?*Œ3e.Œ c

6Lj? , 5?V {Jrž”452 ZL..V(.Ž D4PaXLVYN4J4]^ 5\Nf, P‚, 5ZE, PO\v]!VY/cgM?D.* ?* PL4

?œ. … .Z P/* P \1.SVh3 Z?* , P \h]^/cgM?.H. PQ 545N Pf.œ3\ e.M. !h45 ?‡c‚`‚, 5ZaZL;45

\ 4P1 PQOL•\h]!VYW1.MQ 45Š\h]^fZ? [h.xZZ“E*L..,V 24[QE*, 54… ‘*Š\Z?#3cgE•3V‹\Z_* Ph.

\.L.Ž45NQOL.|Ÿ  FF K 01h6 Lf¢E6K .D45ZL.tL.Nf*014PL.t ZL.M.`VU.Ž\Z .``VYZE POQKQK® 54^45

QK“L‹s q.14P‰?kZE* * ^.‰\/.l/cgM?..* ? 5?V { Z , f.l\p 45?V .k ? PQK1 54^f.„?

5\L* -* !L.•rQKLVYQOL.04… 5?V {‡\lQONQj1 !M0 -* P !f.0*Z 5XLVYL.0QE*, 5?V {BE %.`*?_V

P1‚45fZN ‘„\“L.S4P. 4^f.T4P1 5XLVY/. \˜YL., P ?„\h]5 …f*`pNf, [ˆrŠZ1.Mc`p ?* P0uL.,p?, [30

QOE£… q.2\L.tp 4-V, [ .0/p 4P® _.?, [30aXLVYN4P P‚, 5Zf? P-E

1 Y4`]5” /V .Vh -|14‘V(.Žp Lt4[Œ/ 45QE, PXLVY\4]_‚‚,?| PXLVe0h4PXLVY3., [Š. e.\45

c q.ME P„\ zZL.Z?* P1.O?j\‹4]5ap14-V* P„ZEg1 PL*z\/.O3cgM?.O Ph. 2ZE* * ^./.O?j\L.

4P1 5XLVYL. \U]^ PL*p L* Ph6 ž'Ž ?*/V0 V 1.MQ 45 \ .‚QO? Ph. L*4[NQOL

P \ \L*f.Š\d45mp14PL*zLVYQ P dEK ,‚1 5.Š ^QK Za/, ! 45L.Š‚ LO?p4‘VYŠ45‹‚fO\

4]^cgE*0D\1.2VY.N .ƒXLVh DY?V*) ˆ›5*\LVn3V‰c\3V*/6 ]5N‚‚*? PXLVYW.c]^ Ph.MZ -\Z

\h.V lQK _.MlN„*1. P S\lZ/.ˆ …f*L Ph.0\lZL.ˆaZ?, [ .ˆ?\lZL.Š1Zf..`VU.€XLVh P0*/VU.

h.NQY450(Z‚ …/V Nf=\?_V L=s4P”‚1 _.•45L.•3cgM?.•\L=L.t‚N ‘4]_L., aZL [XLVY/6/Ÿ

 , P\h6‘0U6 ¢M6KT4PTQQObQO 5“SXLVYT45bQOQŠ ! L.`z.Nh.mZ/..p _. -*f0Z?_VYc4… _.Ma0

5Z14[0145L.ŽZ‚` P/V E, P1.J*, -*/, P45/.t4^45/.t?VJ.. UEp 14-VYf$E$\“f.+4[.|, PL*f$45L.t4P1 5XLVY/.

\h]5Z?* PO’œ? 4Pf. 3cgM?. ?V{)QQO/. žp !pYL 45?V ;p 5 \U]^/cgM?JŸ0†.4P 45L. ZL.M.`VU.

/~h. [14P1 5XLVY/.•r$/p _.E.QOLŒ\L.4P 5?V {l\ˆQKQK1 !MŠ 45u‚$?q0DZ*/V 4PQf\L.QV E.E

/V $3\/4Pf.D{NQK 453.ŽXLVY 1Zf“\LM6 ,aZ0V OQK1QOLtc, ! u. P13Œ E, PQK1 54

\ -EKL*fVY”\h.2.M. P1 5‚, 5Z?* P0(EVW _.XLVeK\j\p P=Z0hp 1 !”\Š.=N‚*‚,Za•?Vh{

~ EV1{O\f.(VU.Y.›6

1 J45”QOQK1 !OZZ3”sKZh.`V !K\”45KZL* …fVh ‘Kf L..?Ž,EgZE, Pˆ\h.45K‚^V_V 0–.

4P4^YQK?x\ Nf, w45ŠZ ZaŠ\u45ŠZh.qVYZE Pz 5\L* -* !Š?V„‚ ^4Ž\ ŠZ?_*j`gfZ? !a0

4P4^z ^QK 4^ 5XLVY‹ QK …h.OXLVYkZ?_*zZc .``VYZ PS? /V ^.E.‹sWVh„Zah.N .`VJ.0; L.K*f.V 4P

ZL*fV \Za?^*SQQK !XLVY†.V l4P/.‹VU.YL.„XLVY4]^ N ‚, -*0u.V l4PREg?‹XLVYZ?_*

Z1.`VYZ› [W.3VU.)q*\h6Y%2]^L.sKZE^*KZ\ -* PˆXLVY”4_]5Š EV\ !KXLVY”4[”QOQK1 !MKL.`$q3V *

p c.t4`]iap !0 L.`UV 2QKQK1 w2/Vp c`*2›e45. ^2\h]!VY 4P `6

ƒZ.t‚`‚_2sŒ33Vp?VKVh 2 P4^4!VJ.` PK\2Zh.``VYZ P1.t\ !pY, L*L.–?V*3V3t\45ŒQOQK1 !M

\45jx/. _.`*3ZL6 L.?V.)4P 5?V {z\LV I XLVh _..j/Vp cL•mN‚‚*?• ! /.x?Vk/k\QOQK1 P

E, P45Ez\L.kžK PEg1ZE, P1.‰\RQOQK1 PŸ p _3NfW/Vh4P 5“QOLm* PL*k4PT 14P -, 5XLVY

4P Z45Kr=c/pY? PT\. -*f.02Z?* P1.O \ 1 [XLVY3.02Z1.`VYZ› P \h][VY

I

QK 5N4i621 24]^ R.M

. -_VYs4]_Z454^ƒ\L.t /VY45? Ph.D4P Z453.0h4^2?*\f.+N‚*c ZL.sZ?_*2 _.`* !/.`(V OZh.`*E

v½ ¨M©$´°E¯¯D¶«a¨©$·c¨+Ó­«§‘±!¨,¶a¨#°¶ƒ§!¨M©U¾±!§!§!¨M©$¯#°M¿¨««¨M©$°³^³5¹_¨«ªU©_°¶›¾L¨«ªU·c¨M©–¨Ñc¨¯=ºa§!¨M©$·¨Dºa°E§!±-ªP±‘µ?¶a¨M©|ºa­®ªw¹^±w¯#°M«±‘­§!¨M©

ªw¹_­,¾­±‘§!§‘­«ªŽ©i¶c¹·c¨M©#­¹^ªP¨,³5­´,ª5©#·c¨´®¨2ªw¿º¨cÙh¯°MÓ±!§!±!¨¹D¶c¹PÓ­±‘« 3…ªw¹_­·E±-ªw±!°E«c«¨§ 3iÆe¹_¬,³5¨´,ªP±w°E«Š·¨M©=³5­®­M·¨M©­¾¨´´®¹_¬,ºa±P© 3iÒ

§5­«´,±!¨«c«¨3 ¨ª[´?¼0$°E±‘¹1·E­«f©´¨(¯ ;¯#¨J°¶E¾¹_­M²¨U§!­J´°E«ª!¹5±ÈÓ¶cªP±!°E«D·E¨L¼MÌ/¬*¹_±!²°E±[©¼

(10)

QOQK1 !M‚Q 54^ 545Œa\1QK … a0h?$ P4U/.tZ4P !ŽXLV$]54^4_2U]5L.`| L.ŽZ .`* -_V !p \v]!VY 5\L* -*24P1ZaN45

 `K6J c\0

L/¢M61H4]5Z4P1ˆ PL*QO\ 5N wK\L.•Zf4P4^aZ?, !p -*f.D*, -, P45/.0J\LVW Zj1 [3N4|?

\L.=L.E. Z P?* P .0U4^ L.`* PŠ\Z/.4P 5V1{€\jQOQK1 Pa0v\f. - P !/.0U\L.=XLVY … QOL.•. h.

u*c®QjL.“L.ŒZ3Z?.Œ\ŠZ J•2\L.,3 . ^45 …*/6 I N 5.z 5\L* P‚` 5Š?VJ.. Ž\€‚*zQK1 Ph.

?{3145 ^Z -*O\/.2EgM?V {l.,~ Q 145 ^XLVYf.sjEp .x4^/.245Z_V f.2\/ !p c?.L.tXLVYOZ?_*”QOQK1 wQK 54^ _.Mr

/V 4P/.SVh . Z]^L.TVY;QOQK1 P;\/VY4P3V ?VU.0lXLVJ]5 ^4„‚,?V 1.QO?5;\c1. 45L. ‚` P/V /.

\/QK?* PXLVYL.=\LVzQO`_~EŽ\LVz.Z P‚, 5Zf’ 3V \h]5?V L.=Z\ - ?_?VU.. J45jQOQK1 w14P P?VJ.

\L.‰ZQjYE^*f.0QK _. .MZ“œ.`V l\h]5?Vf.dc1 ^.L.•rKZ4-VY Š\LV Za3V c 0Š\R4]^39C`.QO

  ƒ,330

FF9

¢›6Š%L.SZ31 !{ QO“L s˜p4P _.cS\L.SQK1QjNf.0z\L. 4… 5?V { 0z\L.bZ?*?V M.

\ …‚‚*L.01\ .t\L.tQ _.3.–Z -.–?|\L.$QK _.ML.t.Za“N3L.t\ ^‚‚,cL*L.›6

%?E{ Q 4^ˆQK1L€45ˆ\ P‚‚, 5ZaVY4-*ˆsuZa .``V !VYz?g??V/V \h]!V ˆQKQK1 PŠ 3V _*L“f.

L.L*a0 D* PZŠ?•Zc/LVe0tXLVY\zZ3N454_L.Œ?•4PZ?_V f..E]5Qj/£…*Lx• …f*,‚“Nft’$ ^4

^454!VU.`45T\ P‚`‚* ^ZEVh4-* XLVYZLLˆ4P/.mZ4P45fZ? !p -*L.ˆ*,, -*, P45L.— 3V uo? !uVY„ 4P -* 5XLVU

ZQKQjVYK?V*/V •\LVW , PQK1 P3?=\”4PKQONQj1 !0$Za•?VY),\4Ps0$. e. 3V 45L. /.` P !/.

\2ZL.t4P 5?V {452XLVYL. PK\Œ452‚` P 4^ ‘*Kr..3Vp P0QO _.$ /V tXLV ?J/V $XLV y

2 p1 - \Z XLVY 45EgEV L.`‡ L. 45 ZL*LV \ 45 QOQK1 P0„ T45L. /cgE. \ 45

?, PQK 54^ _.M?* P301QK _.$ ^K45gE$XLV P4q..f$Zah.L.| `*c$$E{ PQcE61 P0 ZQKQO2/VU.+45

\ ^. P1h.2 4-VJ.?V*0$4P/.2 4… ‘, 5XLVY/.2 ?, PQK ^45L.ƒ?•45L.\ _.Z/V .2/V 45 ^Zf.Qj ^45 q.L24[€QOQK1 !M

p _.ML•sOZ‚_*V  P\L* -*QK45Q30$45 Ph.MZ …/ [—\ZE_*”QKQK1 w\h.24P*,, ‘* !0$?

4-VU. c`, [Z?Vh45 5“QONf•\ .2\/.24P 5V1{0$ZZN3sON‚*‚, 5ZN32E•s”‚ P” c`* • 4h.Qh45\LV

/V Z^*45ZE_V \LVˆ L.M.KZ1QKQVY0hp 1 !s ^Q h.c+V ”.MEVh4545Z?_V /6

L.=Z‚,4P -.Žp /.

/VŠc \/ …h.–?V*3V t\LVOQKcXLVY \LV”*c,, -* !2Z‚, !QOLU 5XLVY24 Ph.Z P/, [K/.`J L.tZ EVU

/V )_j3 ZN [?Ž‚QVY4^a”QO q.• /V \LV 6 KQK ^4P _.M?* Pˆ\”45”QOQK1 PK\p 5Nf+VY

,/VYQKLŒZ4^ˆ\/.ƒ\ _.MZ/V .K.`V 45u‚_V_V 0D\fz4P“p ‹.3VpYL4[WZaZ?*“u P3ZLf*›q !r+ P4`.

\L.M. … fŠV œpY !z\/.u**, -* !L.z /V WQK 5?V1{ 45 -* ^QOz45L.zfZ?*EV .zXLVY K4^„1\LVY ^.Nf—?

‚`‚ PQcŠ4^EV Š4Php -*6D}®4xL.`.1.\3V*z4-VJ.Š‚fZN P45d\ Ph.MZ !d\h.Š45L.Š45 ^EV1{bZfdXLVYd/VU.

.QKQO3.•EVW31Q \”Za”XLVYK/VU.•?p h.•?*0JXLVYK\ PQO1 P •ZKXLVY/VU.2.c .•?•. ^.XLVY•s

V ?gfZ? [K\ .+452‚^V_V E6

.*52!"=5.

”QO?* PXLVYˆ\LVd E® PQK … ŠE2\Š45€QOQK1 Pˆ/p -*0tz4ˆ\ -*0+4P/.\ _.MZ3V M.2 4P -* 5XLVYL.ƒ?

QK _.`*L.0€33*cQ”QOL‹\1.l45‡ZLa\/\L.k ~U.0Š\L.‰ …f*),ZaQKQVh34^ -*L.0Š\L.k 14P -, 5XLVY/.

V `N P L.0DQ _.ƒ?VU.E. su4]5Z4^45u Pf*?* P450D\ .45/.\ _.Z/V .K.`V 45u\pN4[ QOLE45

` [ZN P ?* Ph6/VY)*\N45s\4]^‚‚,Et\QK \014[3.ŽZL*E{/*L.0e4[L.DQK \4^ -*/.Ž\Z?^*2QK/ ^45 q.?* PO\

45€QOQK1 wŠE4[3.Œ,/VYQKL* !/.\1.45L.XLVYN4_.ƒ4^4iu.E]^ Ph.M“Š\QK3\1Lxs Š3N4!~Y.ML.0$ 3V

‚/V , P\f.245Qf. ` PL.•\h]54…~Y.MK\L.D*, !, P4P -*/.•?=\”4P?V M.•\3~3 NQO 5XLVY3.0( Ph. $XLVY

\L.4P PXLVUf.\U]^ZE*?V .E6f¡O”.c -*),ZXLVY 3V +~\Q4^c#45L.Qj1\“45/.\‚*Za3.0v4P/.=Z\//.

5\14P PXLVYL.t?J45L.$p 45?V .JpYN 5Z?VY45L.›6

2Z1.1QKQE, PK\ /..hc+4P/.$ 4… ‘, PXLVY/.(*c,, -*, P45L.t?*2?3\NQOQONf$QK _.2K4!VhQO ^“c/’

^4=L.`x‚_ LŒ\uZ1.*?*EZcQ 5d45L.2QO?* PX/VYL.4P/. 4-V(.ƒ{ 4^ 5Z -*QOL/V ,aL.p.45

‚_V_V 0UZQKQO”4[3.N‚45{ P11.•\h., aZ? !p *,, ‘* 5N45K/Vz\h]54P ? Pˆ\L.•žjL.`ŽZE PZL.tŸ

y

S «ªw¹_¨,ªP¨,«±‘¹·c¨© §!±!¨,¶ÑcÆEºc¹_¬©_¨¹P¾¨¹1·c¨M©1°Ó ¨,ª5©Æ¯­±P©ºa°¶c¹ª!¹5­®«N©^¯#¨,ª!ªw¹_¨(µE¶a¨®§a¯#¨M©©q­M²¨ |«#·c¨M©1§!±!¨,¶aÑ+¹_¬´¨¯¯#¨«Eª´,¹_¬¬©

Ò'$­E©©q±!¨,¶aÑÐP¨,«fÐ$¨®¹_´°E¹©Æ§!¨

É

»­¹^·c±-«•·¨$§‘­t¯#¬¯°E±‘¹_¨(Êcƺc¹_°º°c©_¨$¶«¨J¹_¬,º°E«f©_¨DÙa©q¨t©_°¶›¾L¨«±‘¹1ºa°¶c¹h·¨¯­±-«•Ï·E¶2©_±ÈªP¨MÆa¶c«

­«´±!¨«´±!¯¨,ª!±wÖ®¹_¨MÆh§!¨•¾±P©_±-ªP¨,¶c¹+¹_¨²c­¹_·¨MÆhҌªw¹^­*¾¨¹©#·c¨©•©iª[Ö®§w¨©Dª!¹5­«f©q§‘¶´±!·c¨M©`Æh§!¨2ºc§!­,ªP¨­®¶¨ª|§!¨M©#´¹;,ªP¨M©#·E¶ $¨®¹_´°E¹©_Æh§!¨

¾±!§!§w­²c¨#¨,ªU§w¨©(¹_°¶cªP¨M©Æ§!¨M©(Ë­*Ó±-ªw­®«cª5©–·fǑ­®¶`°¶a¹_·ÇÕËE¶a±…¼QPdª!¹5­,¾¨¹©(§!¨M©$·±È¾¨¹©_¨M©–²c¬«¬¹_­ª[±!°«f©$·c¨#§w±!¨,¶Ñ·¨Ž¯#¬¯°E±!¹_¨´,¹_¬¬M©

·c¨ºc¶a±P©1§!¨U§!¨«c·¨¯­±-«D·c¨(§‘­$²¶a¨®¹5¹_¨U·­«f©§!¨ $¨*¹_´®°E¹©Æ°M«+¾°E±‘ªf­±‘«©_±f§!¨M©1°Ó,¨,ª5©1¨,ª§!¨M©1§!°E²c±!µ¶a¨M©1·/Ǒ­´,ªw±!°E«©_¨$©^¶´´¬·¨¹,¼

(11)

ZL.0(4P.•XLVY”45Kž PŸˆ\ ”45e.* Z? !p  Ph. .`*.`V •4P`V /_V p _.),s)`p _.•\LV—L.ML=?=\LV

L.M.dEVS1Q \d45‹aZLf.E. !z?gMZE, P„\h.Š\f.‚_V_V .K L*f P4q.0.dQO q.d 2V1p3n.M

QO ^‚*L.`*.`V z45* Pœ k\L.z‚3Z/.zZ?V ,L*L.kEV{HQKQK …L.d4[1Z45/.•rx*cLšL—4P/.

QOQK1 !ML.Š 4P -* ^XLVY/.0Œ45L.ˆQOQK1 !/.\n4]5fZ? P02 _*?VU.f.Š\h]51.M P13NQOL”?O\h]!V lZ?VY4-_V

4P Z45\4]_QO QOL*0”. ‘Š4-VJ.—ZN45L.E. 5XLVYQOL*04P/.—QQK !/.—Z4P45fZ?* [pL.W3ZfL..M !3.—s

4]_Z x*c,, -*, P4_6L”N .D45ZLf.D\LV€\p 4P NQOt\LV ? 4[0h4PŒ _.MNOZ Q/*Œ3ZfL.E. !\L.

/V 4P?* P .4P Z4^f.XLV|]^ P4vZ q.”.2\LV -–\Œ 4…VU.ŽK14!VJ../Vp f$ L.Ž4^ƒ `¢\aZ3Vp`*\

Z XLVY 4]51 454^ *f*šL .?p w.;4[1ZEV1{0 *cL*šL .Ep 1 !M.Hp aZ?Vh45 P/.0S */V/ Zf.

Z/3N _.E.N Za2N3\ “c2\LVK*, -* !’452XLVY/.` [KX/VY h.M e.2N4[.–L.`|\h]^ 5\L* P‚` 5t4]_Zc 2\1

ZL.ŽZ _.E.3Z/.0h\ZL.$*Z 5XLVeL.0Y\N .$VhOZ\/MZ -, P‚t?Ž.,~Q 4^ 5XLVY0h?VQKL–\ -JV

QOQK1 !MŒp !pYL*2 QK?_*f$4PQ PL* 50h4]_Z?_VY4P _.M? PEt4`]5 ? P45 q.?* PO\ Za3..ap1 !E.

4P Z?V {U6

VmZ .`*?tQK 5),QO\Œ"Ž6f¡Oƒ?Ž\”.f.•Z1)*?V/*?V M.D4Pp fD45\ _.,Y -, [\j Š Qj3\

ZL.Ž4^ 5?V {\ft …4_.‚* q.M 5Lt4]^ P/pYL* !Kr/ž h4P*ft\QOQK1 PXLVY ZaXLV|]^ ^4UU]…~

” 4-VU.tŸ0( 3\ . c24P\ 45ZQOL•\LVz \WE•\”4_]5fZ4^45Krv4PQOQK1 wu.E]_c , …45450+.

\ [p. 5‚, 50D?x 4PWZ3N Qf\Š ., aZ?, !prDz3u 45*f\uQOQK1 wWXLVYŠ ZW45L.

^QO /.t\LVO‚^V_V D.#/V P4^45LM6

/5% !5

x'

I

6‘0

>J45QQO P0„Z4i6

%D Qv.0 L0/\h6 FF( 0 h6

'+ ' K6‘0Wcq PZ45†ž

5?VŠŸ30

' a6

U

& I

6Š ,\ !E6È¢0

4P P 0 FF G0h6 ) U ! 4… [c1 5/6

%?@'xf¡”

a6‘0

"!

$# &% ' %

~ \K\h6‘0 6

'

}`'

6‘0 >

Ž¡

I

6-)*%Œ6‘0)(*

!!

) % ,+

- . /

!

0 1 2 %

"vV 46

I

9@K)

"v'x 0 FF K30 KxU6

2Œx%D} "Ž6‘0<`'+{Z 5Z/.ˆ\nQOQK1 PH

L.Š?, 5XLVYL.€Z1QKQONQjE, !p f.ˆ\1 .u45 >UZf

ZL*Qƒ P2Ÿ0'43 uQOQK1 !0Df€ _.* !u?x4P -, [XLVY5N0+ ! 6 ?0+ G F G0

®VY P4^45?*)`9J FF( 0GG) G 6

2Œx%D}R"Ž6‘0h_ PZ4^2ž I NQj1 Pj.1Z P452Ÿ0 'œa6 U ƒ & I 6 ,\/ wE6È¢07

4P P0 /FF G0h6 F9 ) F KY6

2¡'&t)` }EU/'& K6I 6‘0ž I QK1 wT4P1 P T?—Za .``VYZ Pœ?V 3ŒŸ30$8 .!

!/9)

!

&:

0 FF K0h6QG ) K6

S%?@

I

6‘0(; <.

K6

I

PZ3N450

QF )`a\h6

L0

2U6

@ƒŒx& >t6‘0=8

> '

? &@

/

'=\h6 d ?Vh 5450

Z4_6 !N P 52\LV } ?.›6‘0 FF G0 h6

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to