Received 25 March 2019 Accepted 14 April 2019
Edited by D. Chopra, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, India
Keywords: crystal structure; pyridazin; hydrogen bonding; – interactions; Hirshfeld surface analysis.
CCDC reference: 1896404
Supporting information: this article has supporting information at journals.iucr.org/e
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)- one
Fouad El Kali, a * Sevgi Kansiz, b * Said Daoui, a Rafik Saddik, c Necmi Dege, b Khalid Karrouchi d and Noureddine Benchat a
a
Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco,
bOndokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey,
cLaboratory of Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Development, Faculty of, Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, and
dLaboratory of Plant Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, URAC23, Faculty of Science, BP 1014, GEOPAC Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C 17 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O, contains one independent molecule. The molecule is not planar, the phenyl and pyridazine rings are twisted with respect to each other, making a dihedral angle of 29.96 (2) and the dichlorophenyl ring is nearly perpendicular to the pyridazine ring, with a dihedral angle of 82.38 (11) . In the crystal, pairs of N—H O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form inversion dimers with an R 2
2 (8) ring motif. The dimers are linked by C—H O interactions, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. The intermolecular interactions were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, and the molecular electrostatic potential surface was also analysed. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title compound suggests that the most significant contributions to the crystal packing are by H H (31.4%), Cl H/H Cl (19.9%) and C H/H C (19%) contacts.
1. Chemical context
Pyridazinone derivatives are biologically active heterocyclic compounds (Akhtar et al., 2016). Diverse pyridazinone deri- vatives have been reported to possess a variety of biological activities (Thakur et al. 2010; Asif et al. 2015) such as anti- microbial (So¨nmez et al. 2006), anti-inflammatory (Abouzid et al. 2008), analgesic (Go¨kc¸e et al. 2009), anti-HIV (Livermore et al. 1993), antihypertensive (Siddiqui et al. 2011), anti- convulsant (Sharma et al. 2014), cardiotonic (Wang et al. 2008), antihistaminic (Tao et al. 2012), antidepressant (Boukharsa et al. 2016), glucan synthase inhibitors (Zhou et al. 2011), phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (Ochiai et al. 2012) and herbicidal activity (Asif et al. 2013). We report herein the synthesis and the crystal and molecular structures of the title compound, as well as an analysis of its Hirshfeld surfaces.
ISSN 2056-9890
2. Structural commentary
As the molecular structure of the title compound is illustrated in Fig. 1; the asymmetric unit contains one independent mol- ecule. The molecule is not planar, the benzene ring (C12–C17) and the pyridazine ring are twisted relative to each other, making a dihedral angle of 29.96 (2) and the phenyl ring (C1–
C6) is nearly perpendicular to the pyridazine ring with a dihedral angle of 82.38 (11) (Fig. 1). The C9 O1 bond length is 1.248 (4) A ˚ while the C9—N1 and C11—N2 bond lengths are 1.360 (4) and 1.307 (4) A ˚ , respectively.
3. Supramolecular features
In the crystal, the molecules are linked by a pair of N—H O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R 2 2 (8) ring motif (Table 1 and Fig. 2). The dimers are linked by C—H O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the bc plane (Fig. 2) and by weak – [Cg1 Cg3 = 3.839 (2) A ˚ ; Cg1 and Cg3 are the centroids of the N1–N2/C9-C11 and C12–C17 rings, respectively] interactions, forming a three-dimensional struc- ture (Fig. 3).
4. Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, version 5.40, update November 2018; Groom et al., 2016) for the 4-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one skeleton yielded two hits:
4-benzyl-6-p-tolylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (YOTVIN; Oubair et al., 2009) and ethyl 3-methyl-6-oxo-5-(3-(trifluorometh- yl)phenyl)-1,6-dihydro-1-pyridazineacetate (QANVOR; Xu et al., 2005). In YOTVIN, the molecules are connected two by two through N—H O hydrogen bonds with an R 2 2 (8) graph- set motif, building a pseudo dimer arranged about the inver- sion center (Fig. 4). Weak C—H O hydrogen bonds and Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (A ˚ , ).
D—H A D—H H A D A D—H A
N1—H1 O1
i0.86 2.04 2.839 (4) 155
C2—H2 O1
ii0.93 2.66 3.581 (6) 172
Symmetry codes: (i) x; y þ 1; z þ 1; (ii) x; y þ
12; z þ
32.
Figure 2
A view along the a axis of the crystal packing of the title compound.
Dashed lines denote the N—H O hydrogen bonds (Table 1) forming an inversion dimer with an R 2 2 (8) ring motif. The C—H O interactions are shown as blue dashed lines.
Figure 3
A view along the a axis of the crystal packing of the title compound. The hydrogen bonds (Table 1) are shown as dashed lines and the – interactions as pink dashed lines.
Figure 1
The molecular structure of the title compound, with the atom labelling.
Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 20% probability level.
weak offset – stacking interactions stabilize the packing. In QANVOR, the phenyl and pyridazinone rings are approxi- mately coplanar with a dihedral angle of 4.84 (13) and in the crystal, centrosymmetrically related molecules form dimers through non-classical intermolecular C—H O hydrogen bonds (Fig. 5).
5. Hirshfeld surface analysis
The Hirshfeld surface analysis (Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009) and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots (McKinnon et al., 2007) were performed with Crystal-
Explorer17 (Turner et al., 2017). In Fig. 6, the mappings of d norm , shape-index and curvedness for the title compound are shown. Fig. 7 illustrates the Hirshfeld surface of the molecule in the crystal, with the evident hydrogen-bonding interactions indicated by intense red spots.
Fig. 8a shows the two-dimensional fingerprint of the sum of the contacts contributing to the Hirshfeld surface represented in normal mode. Two-dimensional fingerprint plots provide information about the major and minor percentage contribu- tions of interatomic contacts in the compound. The blue colour refers to the frequency of occurrence of the (d i , d e ) pair and the grey colour is the outline of the full fingerprint. The fingerprint plot in Fig. 8b shows that the H H contacts clearly make the most significant contribution to the Hirshfeld surface (31.4%). In addition, Cl H/H Cl, C H/H C, O H/H O and N H/H N contacts contribute 19.9%, 19%, 9.3% and 6.7%, respectively, to the Hirshfeld surface. In particular, the O H/H O contacts indicate the presence of intermolecular N—H O and C—H O interactions. Much weaker Cl C/C Cl (6.1%) and C C (3.7%) contacts also occur.
A view of the molecular electrostatic potential, in the range 0.0500 to 0.0500 a.u. using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set with DFT method, for the title compound is shown in Fig. 9, where the N—H O hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors are shown as blue and red areas around the atoms related with positive (hydrogen-bond donors) and negative (hydrogen-bond acceptors) electrostatic potentials, respectively.
Figure 4
The crystal packing of YOTVIN (Oubair et al., 2009). The N—H O hydrogen bonds with an R 2 2 (8) graph set motif are shown as pink dashed lines.
Figure 5
(a) A view of the dimers linked by C—H O interactions forming layers parallel to the bc plane. (b) A view along the c axis of the crystal packing of QANVOR (Xu et al., 2005). Dashed lines denote the intermolecular C—H O hydrogen bonds forming centrosymmetric dimers.
Figure 6
The Hirshfeld surfaces of the title compound mapped over d norm , shape- index and curvedness.
Figure 7
d norm mapped on Hirshfeld surfaces for visualizing the intermolecular
interactions of the title compound.
6. Synthesis and crystallization
To a solution (0.15 g, 1 mmol) of 6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- pyridazin-3(2H)-one and (0.18 g, 1 mmol) of 2,6-dichloro- benzaldehyde in 30 ml of ethanol, sodium hydroxide 10%
(0.5 g, 3.5 mmol) was added. The solvent evaporated under vacuum, the residue was purified through silica gel column chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (7:3 v/v). Single crystals were obtained by slow evaporation at room temperature.
7. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2. The nitrogen-bound H atom was
located in a difference-Fourier map and refined subject to a DFIX restraint of N—H = 0.86 A ˚ . The C-bound H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model: C—
H = 0.93–0.97 A ˚ with U iso (H) = 1.2U eq (C).
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey, for the use of the Stoe IPDS 2 diffractometer (purchased under grant F.279 of the University Research Fund).
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Figure 8
Two-dimensional fingerprint plots for the title compound, with a d norm
view and the relative contribution of the atom pairs to the Hirshfeld surface.
Figure 9
A view of the molecular electrostatic potential for the title compound in the range 0.0500 to 0.0500 a.u. using the 6–31 G(d,p) basis set by the DFT method.
Table 2
Experimental details.
Crystal data
Chemical formula C
17H
12Cl
2N
2O
M
r331.19
Crystal system, space group Monoclinic, P2
1/c
Temperature (K) 296
a, b, c (A ˚ ) 5.8511 (6), 12.5544 (15), 21.069 (2)
(
) 92.666 (8)
V (A ˚
3) 1546.0 (3)
Z 4
Radiation type Mo K
(mm
1) 0.42
Crystal size (mm) 0.74 0.29 0.05
Data collection
Diffractometer Stoe IPDS 2
Absorption correction Integration (X-RED32; Stoe & Cie, 2002)
T
min, T
max0.844, 0.973
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2(I)] reflections
8675, 2726, 1196
R
int0.103
(sin /)
max(A ˚
1) 0.596
Refinement
R[F
2> 2(F
2)], wR(F
2), S 0.056, 0.094, 0.88
No. of reflections 2726
No. of parameters 199
H-atom treatment H-atom parameters constrained
max