WORLP HEALTH ORGANIZATION
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ E X E C U T I V E BOARD
Fifty-third Session P r o v i s i o n a l agenda item
E B 5 3 / 2 8
12 January. A1974
INDEXED
C O - O R D I N A T I O N WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS:
G e n e r a l M a t t e r s CONTENTS
UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM
Introduction
I . THE UNITED N A T I O N S G E N E R A L A S S E M B L Y A N D THE E C O N O M I C A N D SOCIAL C O U N C I L
II , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15
1 6
17 18
20
19 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 7 .Colonial countries and peoples and apartheid
Rationalization of the w o r k of the E c o n o m i c and Social Council Second United Nations Development Decade
Reports of the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination and the A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Committee on Co-ordination
World Food Conference Science and technology United N a t i o n s University
Human jenvironment -
N a t u r a l disasters and other emergency situations Drug dependence
Development and international economic co-operation N a t u r a l resources
Population
Transport of dangerous goods
Inter-Organization Board for Information Systems and Related A c t i v i t i e s (IOB) R e g i o n a l structures
Outflow of trained personnel from developing to developed countries . . • . United N a t i o n s High Commissioner for Refugees
Youth . . . .
T h e elderly and the aged Human rights
Outer space ‘ Disarmament questions
M a r i n e co-operation
Effects of atomic radiation
United N a t i o n s Relief and Works A g e n c y for Palestine R e f u g e e s in the N e a r East (UNRWA)
E c o n o m i c assistance to Zambia
THE UNITED N A T I O N S DEVELOPMENT P R O G R A M M E , THE UNITED NATIONS C H I L D R E NfS F U N D , THE W O R L D FOOD PROGRAMME
2 8 .
2 9 . 3 0 .
United N a t i o n s Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) • • World Food Programme (WFP)
Ill . A D M I N I S T R A T I V E , BUDGETARY A N D FINANCIAL M A T T E R S 3 1 .
3 2 . 3 3 . 3 4 . 3 5 .
A N N E X I A N N E X II
UNITAR's revised proposa] for international staff training • • • Cost measurement system
International Computing Centre (ICC) Air travel standards
Report of the A d v i s o r y Committee on A d m i n i s t r a t i v e and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ)
2 3 3 8 10
21 23 23 25 28 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 37 38 39 39 42 42 44 44 45 46 47
A N N E X IIJ
p a g e 2
I n t r o d u c t i o n
In a c c o r d a n c e w i t h resolution W H A 2 0 . 5 21 the Director «-General is reporting in this document the r e s o l u t i o n s and d e c i s i o n s of the United N a t i o n s w h i c h have direct implications for n a t i o n a l and i n t e r n a t i o n a l health p r o g r a m m e s or for the w o r k of the Organization and thus require specific c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y the B o a r d .
T h e Board's attention is directed to addendum 1 to this document entitled "Least developed a m o n g d e v e l o p i n g countries1 1.
In a c c o r d a n c e w i t h resolutions W H A 2 1 . 3 3 ,2 E B 4 5 . R 3 33 and E B 4 7 . R 5 43 the D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l is also r e p o r t i n g in this document (Part III) on developments in the co-ordination of administrative, b u d g e t a r y and financial matters in the United N a t i o n s system of o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h h a v e occurred since h i s last report submitted to the Board at its fifty-first session.^
O t h e r questions on co-ordination of a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , budgetary and financial matters are r e p o r t e d under p r o v i s i o n a l agenda items: 6.2 "Study of the p o s s i b i l i t y of financing W H O a c t i v i t i e s in c u r r e n c i e s other than US dollars and Swiss francs"; 7.1.3 "Reports by the
J o i n t Inspection Unit"; and 7.1,4 "Establishment of an International Civil Service C o m m i s s i o n " .
H a n d b o o k of R e s o l u t i o n s and D e c i s i o n s . V o l , I, 1948-1972, p . 4 8 8#
H a n d b o o k of Resolutions and D e c i s i o n s , V o l . I, 1948-1972, p . 4 9 4 . H a n d b o o k of R e s o l u t i o n s and Decisions,. V o l . I, 1948-1972, p . 491 • Document E B 5 1 / 3 5 .
PART I . THE UNITED N A T I O N S GENERAL A S S E M B L Y A N D THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
1• Colonial countries and peoples and apartheid
1.1 This section of the report on co-ordination w i t h other o r g a n i z a t i o n s of the United N a t i o n s system reports the relevant d e c i s i o n s on this item of the principal organs of the United N a t i o n s and reflects the activities of their subsidiaries such as the General A s s e m b l y ' s Special Committee on the Situation w i t h regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and P e o p l e s . The Executive Board has before it under item 7.1.2 another d o c u m e n t , E B 5 3 / 2 9 , w h i c h contains a résumé of steps taken by the D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l in implementation of General Assembly resolution 2980 (XXVII) and related General Assembly r e s o l u t i o n s , all of w h i c h w e r e brought to the attention of the E x e c u t i v e Board at its fifty-first session and w e r e subsequently considered by the T w e n t y - s i x t h Health A s s e m b l y w h i c h made reference to these resolutions in its resolution W H A 2 6 . 4 9 .
1•2 In accordance w i t h General Assembly resolution 2980 (XXVII) the D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l submitted to the Secretary-General a m e m o r a n d u m for inclusion in h i s report to the United N a t i o n s General A s s e m b l y T h e summary which included the decision of the H e a l t h Assembly referred to above w a s one of a number of background documents made available to the General A s s e m b l y . In accordance w i t h the procedures w h i c h have been established in recent years it is customary also for the E c o n o m i c and Social Council to consider the co-ordination aspects of the annual resolution of the General Assembly dealing w i t h Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and international institutions associated w i t h the United N a t i o n s . A c c o r d i n g l y the A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Committee on Co-ordination in its report to the fifty-fifth session of the Economic and Social C o u n c i l ^ included a section reviewing actions taken by organizations of the United N a t i o n s system w i t h respect to implementation of the D e c l a r a t i o n . This report brought to the attention of the Council the fact that for the first time in March 1973 a m e e t i n g had been held between a delegation of the Organization of African Unity and representatives of the executive heads of all the organizations comprising the A C C , for the purpose of discussing and considering concrete measures of assistance and methods of provision of such assistance in response to the various resolutions of thé General Assembly and other b o d i e s . The A C C informed the Council that it considered these first informal meetings as extremely useful and they w i l l be continued•
1.3 In early 1973 the General Assembly's Special Committee on the Situation w i t h regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples established a working group to meet w i t h the heads of the specialized agencies and other bodies for the purpose of considering what additional m e a s u r e s could be taken by the various organizations of the system in response to the various General Assembly and other r e s o l u t i o n s , A delegation of this intergovernmental working group met w i t h the
Director-General and subsequently reported to the Special Committee the results of the consultations•
1.4 Under various resolutions of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council the practice has been established of consultation between an officer of the Economic and Social Council and of the Special C o m m i t t e e , In 1973 such consultations took place between the Vice-President of the Economic and Social Council, serving as Chairman of the Co ••ordination Committee of the Council at its fifty-fifth (July-August) session, and the Vice-Chairman of the Special C o m m i t t e e . The Vice-President of the Council subsequently reported the results of these consultations to the C o u n c i l .
United N a t i o n s document A/9051 and a d d e n d a .
1.5 S u b s e q u e n t l y t h e E c o n o m i c a n d S o c i a l C o u n c i l a d o p t e d a c o m p r e h e n s i v e r e s o l u t i o n , E/RES/Í804 (LV), d e a l i n g w i t h m a n y a s p e c t s of t h e m a t t e r s d i s c u s s e d in t h e c o n s u l t a t i o n s b e t w e e n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C o u n c i l a n d t h e S p e c i a l C o m m i t t e e , M o s t of t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s r e s o l u t i o n a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d in t h e r e s o l u t i o n a d o p t e d by t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y o n I m p l e m e n t a t i o n of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n on t h e G r a n t i n g o f I n d e p e n d e n c e to C o l o n i a l
C o u n t r i e s a n d P e o p l e s by t h e s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s , A/RES/3118 (XXVIII), t h e full text of w h i c h i s a t t a c h e d h e r e t o as A n n e x I . T h e r e s o l u t i o n w a s c o n s i d e r e d in t h e F o u r t h C o m m i t t e e o f t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y and t h e a c t i o n s u n d e r t a k e n b y t h e D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l d u r i n g t h e year w i t h r e s p e c t to i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n f o l l o w i n g t h e s u b m i s s i o n of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n to t h e r e p o r t o f t h e S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l1 w e r e b r o u g h t t o t h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e C o m m i t t e e . T h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e E x e c u t i v e B o a r d i s d r a w n in p a r t i c u l a r to t h e f i f t h , s i x t h , s e v e n t h and e i g h t h p r e a m b u l a r p a r a g r a p h s and to o p e r a t i v e p a r a g r a p h s 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 1 0 and 12 t h e r e o f ,
1 . 6 In a d d i t i o n t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y a d o p t e d t h r e e g e n e r a l r e s o l u t i o n s r e l a t i n g to i m p l e - m e n t a t i o n o f t h e D e c l a r a t i o n w h i c h i n c o r p o r a t e m a n y of t h e e l e m e n t s o f r e s o l u t i o n s d e a l i n g w i t h s e p a r a t e t e r r i t o r i e s o r p r o b l e m s r e p o r t e d in p a r a g r a p h s 1,1 to 1 . 1 1 h e r e o f . G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y r e s o l u t i o n 3 1 6 3 ( X X V I I I ) , after r e c a l l i n g e a r l i e r r e s o l u t i o n s on i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d a p p r o v i n g t h e r e p o r t of i t s S p e c i a l C o m m i t t e e on t h e S i t u a t i o n w i t h r e g a r d to I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e D e c l a r a t i o n o n t h e G r a n t i n g of I n d e p e n d e n c e to C o l o n i a l C o u n t r i e s and P e o p l e s , c a l l s u p o n a l l s t a t e s , in p a r t i c u l a r t h e a d m i n i s t e r i n g p o w e r s , t h e s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s a n d o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s " t o give e f f e c t to t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s c o n t a i n e d in t h e r e p o r t of t h e S p e c i a l C o m m i t t e e for t h e s p e e d y i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e r e l e v a n t r e s o l u t i o n s of t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s " . It a l s o u r g e s a l l s t a t e s " a n d t h e s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s a n d o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m to p r o v i d e m o r a l and m a t e r i a l a s s i s t a n c e t o a l l p e o p l e s s t r u g g l i n g for their f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e in t h e c o l o n i a l
T e r r i t o r i e s and to t h o s e l i v i n g u n d e r a l i e n d o m i n a t i o n - in p a r t i c u l a r to t h e n a t i o n a l
l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s of t h e T e r r i t o r i e s in A f r i c a - in c o n s u l t a t i o n , as a p p r o p r i a t e , w i t h t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y " . In o p e r a t i v e p a r a g r a p h 10 t h e r e s o l u t i o n r e q u e s t s " a l l G o v e r n m e n t s and t h e s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s w i t h i n the U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m , in c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n o f A f r i c a n U n i t y , to e n s u r e t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of t h e c o l o n i a l T e r r i t o r i e s in A f r i c a by t h e n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s c o n c e r n e d , in an a p p r o p r i a t e c a p a c i t y , w h e n d e a l i n g w i t h m a t t e r s p e r t a i n i n g to t h o s e T e r r i t o r i e s " . In a g e n e r a l r e s o l u t i o n o n d i s s e m i n a t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n on d e c o l o n i z a t i o n , A/RES/3164 ( X X V I I I ) , t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y s t r e s s e d Mt h e u r g e n t n e e d to a r o u s e w o r l d p u b l i c o p i n i o n " o n the " s t r u g g l e for l i b e r a t i o n b e i n g w a g e d by t h e p e o p l e s in t h e c o l o n i a l T e r r i t o r i e s in A f r i c a " and o u t l i n e an i n f o r m a t i o n p r o g r a m m e w h i c h t h e S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l i s r e q u e s t e d to u n d e r t a k e . T h e r e s o l u t i o n i n v i t e s t h e s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s " t o u n d e r t a k e o r i n t e n s i f y , in c o - o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e
S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l a n d w i t h i n t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e s p h e r e s of c o m p e t e n c e , t h e l a r g e - s c a l e
d i s s e m i n a t i o n " o f i n f o r m a t i o n o n this m a t t e r • In a c o m p a n i o n r e s o l u t i o n , A/RES/3165 (XXVIII), on t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e of E x p e r t s for t h e S u p p o r t of V i c t i m s of C o l o n i a l i s m and
A p a r t h e i d in S o u t h e r n A f r i c a , h e l d in O s l o in A p r i l 1 9 7 3 , the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y took n o t e o f the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l1 s r e p o r t t h e r e o n ^ and c o m m e n d e d " t h e p r o p o s a l s f o r a p r o g r a m m e of a c t i o n h i g h l i g h t e d by t h e C o n f e r e n c e " to t h e a t t e n t i o n o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m . T h e E x e c u t i v e B o a r d w a s i n f o r m e d at i t s f i f t y - f i r s t s e s s i o n o f t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y d e c i s i o n in r e s o l u t i o n 2 9 1 0 ( X X V I I ) r e q u e s t i n g t h e S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l in c o - o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e O A U to o r g a n i z e t h e c o n f e r e n c e a n d s u b s e q u e n t l y t h e D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l assured r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n a t t h e c o n f e r e n c e a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n of h i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e in t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c o n f e r e n c e d i s c u s s i o n s .
1 U n i t e d N a t i o n s d o c u m e n t A/9051 and a d d e n d a . 2
1.7 T h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y in a d d i t i o n a d o p t e d a s e r i e s of r e s o l u t i o n s r e l a t i n g to v a r i o u s t e r r i t o r i e s or g r o u p s of t e r r i t o r i e s . In c o n n e x i o n w i t h the q u e s t i o n of t e r r i t o r i e s u n d e r P o r t u g u e s e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and a f t e r h e a r i n g the s t a t e m e n t of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of two n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s r e c o g n i z e d b y the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y w h o p a r t i c i p a t e d in an o b s e r v e r c a p a c i t y in the p r o c e e d i n g s of the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y ' s F o u r t h C o m m i t t e e , the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y a d o p t e d r e s o l u t i o n 3113 ( X X V I I I ) w h i c h t a k e s n o t e w i t h a p p r e c i a t i o n "of t h e c o n c r e t e p r o g r a m m e s of a s s i s t a n c e b e i n g e x t e n d e d to the n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s of those
T e r r i t o r i e s b y a n u m b e r of G o v e r n m e n t s , as w e l l as t h o s e i n i t i a t e d b y o r g a n i z a t i o n s w i t h i n the U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m and s e v e r a l n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s " and n o t e s w i t h s a t i s f a c t i o n in r e l a t i o n to the " p e o p l e s of T e r r i t o r i e s u n d e r P o r t u g u e s e d o m i n a t i o n " t h e p r o g r e s s " t o w a r d s n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e and f r e e d o m b e i n g m a d e b y the n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s in those T e r r i t o r i e s , b o t h t h r o u g h t h e i r s t r u g g l e and t h r o u g h r e c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o g r a m m e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y in the l i b e r a t e d a r e a s of A n g o l a and M o z a m b i q u e " . In o p e r a t i v e p a r a g r a p h 2 this r e s o l u t i o n r e a f f i r m s that the n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s of A n g o l a and M o z a m b i q u e a r e "the a u t h e n t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of the true a s p i r a t i o n s of the p e o p l e s of those T e r r i t o r i e s " and r e c o m m e n d s that " p e n d i n g the a c c e s s i o n of those T e r r i t o r i e s to i n d e p e n d e n c e , a l l G o v e r n m e n t s , s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s w i t h i n the U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m and the U n i t e d N a t i o n s b o d i e s c o n c e r n e d s h o u l d , w h e n d e a l i n g w i t h m a t t e r s p e r t a i n i n g to the T e r r i t o r i e s , e n s u r e the r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of those T e r r i t o r i e s b y the l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s c o n c e r n e d in an a p p r o p r i a t e c a p a c i t y and in c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y " . T h e r e s o l u t i o n a p p e a l s in o p e r a t i v e p a r a g r a p h 6 to a l l g o v e r n m e n t s , s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s and o t h e r U N o r g a n i z a t i o n s and n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s to r e n d e r to the
" p e o p l e s of A n g o l a , M o z a m b i q u e and o t h e r T e r r i t o r i e s u n d e r P o r t u g u e s e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , in p a r t i c u l a r the p o p u l a t i o n s in the liberated a r e a s of those T e r r i t o r i e s , all the m o r a l , m a t e r i a l and e c o n o m i c a s s i s t a n c e n e c e s s a r y to c o n t i n u e their s t r u g g l e for the a c h i e v e m e n t of
their i n a l i e n a b l e right to f r e e d o m and i n d e p e n d e n c e " . In a f u r t h e r r e s o l u t i o n , a/rES/3114 ( X X V I I I ) the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y e s t a b l i s h e d a c o m m i s s i o n of e n q u i r y to c a r r y o u t an i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the " r e p o r t e d a t r o c i t i e s " in M o z a m b i q u e .
1.8 B o t h the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y and the S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l c o n s i d e r e d the q u e s t i o n of S o u t h e r n R h o d e s i a d u r i n g the y e a r . T h e T w e n t y - e i g h t h G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y in r e s o l u t i o n 3 1 1 5 ( X X V I I I ) r e a f f i r m e d "the i n a l i e n a b l e r i g h t of the p e o p l e of Z i m b a b w e to s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n , f r e e d o m and i n d e p e n d e n c e and the L e g i t i m a c y of their s t r u g g l e to s e c u r e b y a l l m e a n s at t h e i r d i s p o s a l the e n j o y m e n t of that right as set forth in the C h a r t e r of the U n i t e d N a t i o n s and in c o n f o r m i t y w i t h the o b j e c t i v e s of G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y r e s o l u t i o n 1514 ( X V ) " , the r e s o l u t i o n e n t i t l e d
" D e c l a r a t i o n on the G r a n t i n g of I n d e p e n d e n c e to C o l o n i a l C o u n t r i e s and P e o p l e s " . The A s s e m b l y r e q u e s t e d "all S t a t e s d i r e c t l y and t h r o u g h t h e i r a c t i o n in the s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s w i t h i n the U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m of w h i c h t h e y a r e m e m b e r s , as w e l l as the n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s c o n c e r n e d and the v a r i o u s p r o g r a m m e s w i t h i n the U n i t e d N a t i o n s , to e x t e n d to the p e o p l e of Z i m b a b w e a l l the m o r a l and m a t e r i a l a s s i s t a n c e n e c e s s a r y in their s t r u g g l e for the r e s t o r a t i o n of their i n a l i e n a b l e rights,,• G o v e r n m e n t s , s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s as w e l l as the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l w e r e i n v i t e d "to take s t e p s , as
a p p r o p r i a t e , to give w i d e s p r e a d and c o n t i n u o u s p u b l i c i t y t h r o u g h a l l the m e d i a at t h e i r d i s p o s a l to the s i t u a t i o n in Z i m b a b w e and the r e l e v a n t d e c i s i o n s and a c t i o n s of the U n i t e d
N a t i o n s " . T h e E x e c u t i v e Board m a y w i s h to take these r e s o l u t i o n s i n t o a c c o u n t w h e n c o n s i d e r i n g item 7 . 1 . 2 of its a g e n d a and d o c u m e n t E B 5 3 / 2 9 .
1.9 T h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y c o n s i d e r e d the r e p o r t of the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a and a d o p t e d A/RES/3111 ( X X V I I I ) v^iich r e f e r r e d to h a v i n g heard in C o m m i t t e e a s t a t e m e n t of the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the South W e s t A f r i c a P e o p l e ' s O r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h had p a r t i c i p a t e d in an o b s e r v e r c a p a c i t y in the w o r k of the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a and in the F o u r t h C o m m i t t e e fs c o n s i d e r a t i o n of this i t e m . The p r e a m b l e of the r e s o l u t i o n a l s o d r e w a t t e n t i o n to the fact that the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y had " i n v i t e d the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a to p a r t i c i p a t e on b e h a l f of N a m i b i a in the T h i r d U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o n f e r e n c e on the L a w of the Seaf , #
R e s o l u t i o n 3111 ( X X V I I I ) c o n t a i n s three s e c t i o n s . In Part I , o p e r a t i v e p a r a g r a p h 2 " r e c o g n i z e s that the n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t of N a m i b i a , the S o u t h W e s t A f r i c a P e o p l e ' s O r g a n i z a t i o n , is the a u t h e n t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the N a m i b i a n p e o p l e and s u p p o r t s the e f f o r t s of the m o v e m e n t to s t r e n g t h e n n a t i o n a l u n i t y " . The r e s o l u t i o n c a l l e d , i n t e r a l i a , upon the s p e c i a l i z e d
a g e n c i e s "to c o - o p e r a t e f u l l y w i t h the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a in the d i s c h a r g e of i t s m a n d a t e " and r e q u e s t s a l l S t a t e s , the s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s as w e l l a s the n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s c o n c e r n e d "to r e n d e r to the N a m i b i a n p e o p l e , in
c o - o p e r a t i o n w i t h the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y , a l l m o r a l and m a t e r i a l a s s i s t a n c e n e c e s s a r y to c o n t i n u e their s t r u g g l e for f r e e d o m and i n d e p e n d e n c e and to w o r k o u t , in a c t i v e c o - o p e r a t i o n w i t h the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a and the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y , c o n c r e t e p r o g r a m m e s of a s s i s t a n c e to N a m i b i a " . I n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a l b o d i e s and c o n f e r e n c e s are r e q u e s t e d
" t o e n s u r e t h a t the r i g h t s and i n t e r e s t s of N a m i b i a a r e p r o t e c t e d a n d , to that e n d , a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s , to i n v i t e the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a to p a r t i c i p a t e in an a p p r o p r i a t e c a p a c i t y w h e n e v e r such rights and i n t e r e s t s a r e i n v o l v e d " . In P a r t II of the r e s o l u t i o n o p e r a t i v e p a r a g r a p h 1 r e q u e s t s a l l s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s "to take such n e c e s s a r y steps as w i l l e n a b l e the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a , as the legal a u t h o r i t y for N a m i b i a , to p a r t i c i p a t e f u l l y on b e h a l f of N a m i b i a in the w o r k of t h o s e a g e n c i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s " . P a r a g r a p h 2 of P a r t II r e q u e s t s a l l a g e n c i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s of the U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m "in c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a , to r e n d e r w i t h i n t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e s p h e r e s of c o m p e t e n c e , a l l p o s s i b l e a s s i s t a n c e to the p e o p l e of N a m i b i a and t h e i r l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t " . In P a r t III of the r e s o l u t i o n s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s and o t h e r s a r e i n v i t e d to c o - o p e r a t e w i t h the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a and the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l in the d i s s e m i n a t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n on N a m i b i a , G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y r e s o l u t i o n 3 1 1 2 ( X X V I I I ) r e l a t e s to the U n i t e d N a t i o n s F u n d for N a m i b i a and r e q u e s t s , i n t e r a l i a , the s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s "to render a l l n e c e s s a r y a s s i s t a n c e to the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l in c a r r y i n g o u t the tasks a s s i g n e d to him，’ u n d e r t h i s r e s o l u t i o n . T h e D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l h a s b e e n in c o n t a c t w i t h the U n i t e d N a t i o n s and is p r o v i d i n g a d v i c e on a h e a l t h c a r e p r o j e c t b e i n g i n i t i a t e d by the C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a in B o t s w a n a . T h e D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l h a s a l s o had a v i s i t of a m i s s i o n from the C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a to d i s c u s s the s t r e n g t h e n i n g of c o n t a c t s and c o - o p e r a t i o n in r e l a t i o n to N a m i b i a •
A m o n g the q u e s t i o n s d i s c u s s e d w a s the p o s s i b l e A s s o c i a t e M e m b e r s h i p for N a m i b i a u n d e r A r t i c l e 8 o f the C o n s t i t u t i o n . This q u e s t i o n is u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n by the U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o u n c i l for N a m i b i a .
1 . 1 0 T h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y a d o p t e d a s e r i e s of r e s o l u t i o n s r e l a t i n g to v a r i o u s o t h e r t e r r i t o r i e s i n c l u d i n g A/RES/ 3109 ( X X V I I I ) r e l a t i n g to P a p u a N e w G u i n e a w h i c h calls upon
" m e m b e r s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s of the U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m to a s s i s t in a c c e l e r a t i n g p r o g r e s s in a l l s e c t o r s of t h e n a t i o n a l life of P a p u a N e w G u i n e a " • T h e A s s e m b l y had b e e n i n f o r m e d in the r e p o r t of the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l1 that P a p u a N e w G u i n e a had b e c o m e an A s s o c i a t e M e m b e r of the O r g a n i z a t i o n .
1 . 1 1 T h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y a d o p t e d r e s o l u t i o n 3 1 1 9 ( X X V I I I ) d e a l i n g w i t h the U n i t e d N a t i o n s E d u c a t i o n a l and T r a i n i n g P r o g r a m m e for S o u t h e r n A f r i c a , and r e i t e r a t e d its a p p e a l for
c o n t r i b u t i o n s to this P r o g r a m m e . The r e s o l u t i o n n o t e d w i t h a p p r o v a l "the f u r t h e r e f f o r t s m a d e to s t r e n g t h e n c o - o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n the P r o g r a m m e and the U n i t e d N a t i o n s H i g h C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r R e f u g e e s , the s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s , the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y and o t h e r a g e n c i e s a s s i s t i n g p e r s o n s from Soirthern A f r i c a " and e x p r e s s e d the h o p e "that those e f f o r t s w i l l be c o n t i n u e d w i t h a v i e w to the c o - o r d i n a t i o n of t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s in the field of e d u c a t i o n and t r a i n i n g f o r p e r s o n s from the T e r r i t o r i e s c o n c e r n e d " . In the c o u r s e of the year the A C C and i t s S u b - C o m m i t t e e on E d u c a t i o n and T r a i n i n g h a v e c o n s i d e r e d the p r o b l e m s of f e l l o w s h i p a s s i s t a n c e and a r r a n g e m e n t s h a v e been m a d e for a m e e t i n g of m e m b e r s of the A C C w i t h a d e l e g a t i o n of the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y to d i s c u s s this m a t t e r in m o r e d e t a i l in M a r c h 1 9 7 4 . In a d d i t i o n in the c o u r s e of the y e a r W H O b e c a m e a f u l l m e m b e r of the Co-
o r d i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e of the B u r e a u for the P l a c e m e n t and E d u c a t i o n of A f r i c a n R e f u g e e s of the O A U .
1 . 1 2 In a d d i t i o n to the a b o v e r e s o l u t i o n s a l l of w h i c h e m a n a t e from the F o u r t h C o m m i t t e e , the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y a d o p t e d r e s o l u t i o n 3 0 7 0 ( X X V I I I ) of the T h i r d C o m m i t t e e entitled
" I m p o r t a n c e of the u n i v e r s a l r e a l i z a t i o n of the r i g h t of p e o p l e s to s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n and of
the speedy g r a n t i n g of i n d e p e n d e n c e to colonial c o u n t r i e s and peoples for the e f f e c t i v e
g u a r a n t e e and o b s e r v a n c e of h u m a n r i g h t s# The r e s o l u t i o n expressed a p p r e c i a t i o n , inter a l i a , to the a g e n c i e s "which h a v e extended various forms of a s s i s t a n c e to d e p e n d e n t Territories,’ and requested them to increase further such a s s i s t a n c e .
1.13 The G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y considered the p o l i c i e s of apartheid of the G o v e r n m e n t of South A f r i c a , and adopted a s e v e n - p a r t r e s o l u t i o n , A / R E S / 3 1 5 1 A - G ( X X V I I I ) . Part A of the resolution commends to the a t t e n t i o n , inter a l i a , of the specialized a g e n c i e s , the resolution of the International C o n f e r e n c e of Trade U n i o n s a g a i n s t A p a r t h e i d .1 Part В concerns the p r o g r a m m e of w o r k of the S p e c i a l C o m m i t t e e on A p a r t h e i d and calls upon "all U n i t e d N a t i o n s o r g a n s to take n o t e of the m a n d a t e of the S p e c i a l C o m m i t t e e c o n s t a n t l y to r e v i e w all a s p e c t s of a p a r t h e i d in South A f r i c a , with a v i e w to a v o i d i n g any d u p l i c a t i o n of w o r k " . In Part С of the r e s o l u t i o n , on d i s s e m i n a t i o n of information on a p a r t h e i d , the U n i t on A p a r t h e i d of the United N a t i o n s S e c r e t a r i a t and the O f f i c e of P u b l i c Information of the United N a t i o n s a r e asked to p u b l i c i z e as w i d e l y as p o s s i b l e actions which m a y be taken, inter a l i a , by specialized a g e n c i e s , a g a i n s t a p a r t h e i d •
1.14 Part D of r e s o l u t i o n 3151 (XXVIII) d e a l s w i t h i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n and c o - o r d i n a t i o n of U n i t e d N a t i o n s a c t i o n a g a i n s t apartheid； the preamble states the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y ' s con-
sideration "that g r e a t e r c o - o r d i n a t i o n among United N a t i o n s b o d i e s and specialized a g e n c i e s is e s s e n t i a l for the d e v e l o p m e n t of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l campaign a g a i n s t apartheid under the a u s p i c e s of the United N a t i o n s " and requests the S p e c i a l C o m m i t t e e on A p a r t h e i d to s u b m i t s p e c i a l reports to the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y at its twenty-ninth (autumn 1 9 7 4 ) session on various e l e m e n t s of
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of the r e s o l u t i o n including actions taken by specialized a g e n c i e s a g a i n s t
a p a r t h e i d • The S p e c i a l C o m m i t t e e is requested to continue and i n t e n s i f y its c o - o p e r a t i o n w i t h other o r g a n i z a t i o n s of the United N a t i o n s s y s t e m , i n c l u d i n g c o n s u l t a t i o n s w i t h specialized a g e n c i e s , the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n Unity and n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s •
1.15 Part E of r e s o l u t i o n 3151 (XXVIII) relates to action by i n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a l and n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l organization and the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y considers "that it is e s s e n t i a l to e n s u r e the p a r t i c i p a t i o n in the i n t e r n a t i o n a l campaign a g a i n s t apartheid of all specialized a g e n c i e s and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s in the United N a t i o n s s y s t e m , as w e l l as to e n s u r e m a x i m u m co-
o r d i n a t i o n of their efforts-"# Part F of the r e s o l u t i o n relates to the United N a t i o n s T r u s t Fund for South Africa wtiile part G refers to the situation in South A f r i c a resulting from the p o l i c i e s of a p a r t h e i d . This part of the r e s o l u t i o n reaffirms "that the practice of apartheid constitutes a crime a g a i n s t h u m a n i t y " and that "the policies and actions of the S o u t h A f r i c a n régime h a v e created and continue to create a serious threat to i n t e r n a t i o n a l peace and s e c u r i t y " . The o p e r a t i v e paragraphs condemn "the South A f r i c a n régime for its repeated acts of i n h u m a n i t y and a g g r e s s i o n and its continued defiance of the resolutions of the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y and the S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l " and reaffirm "that struggle of the oppressed people of South A f r i c a by all a v a i l a b l e m e a n s for the total eradication of apartheid is legitimate and deserves s u p p o r t by the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i t y " . The S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l and governments are requested to take certain steps directed towards the a b o l i t i o n of a p a r t h e i d • The resolution d e c l a r e s that
"the South A f r i c a n régime has no right to r e p r e s e n t the people of South A f r i c a and that the liberation m o v e m e n t s recognized by the O r g a n i z a t i o n of African Unity are the a u t h e n t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of the o v e r w h e l m i n g m a j o r i t y of the South A f r i c a n p e o p l e " . A l l specialized a g e n c i e s and other i n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e requested "to d e n y m e m b e r s h i p or p r i v i l e g e s of m e m b e r s h i p to the South A f r i c a n régime and to i n v i t e , in c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y , representatives of the liberation m o v e m e n t s of the South A f r i c a n p e o p l e recognized by the O r g a n i z a t i o n of A f r i c a n U n i t y to p a r t i c i p a t e in their m e e t i n g s " . F i n a l l y , an appeal is m a d e to all G o v e r n m e n t s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s "to provide generous
h u m a n i t a r i a n , e d u c a t i o n a l , p o l i t i c a l and other a s s i s t a n c e to the oppressed people of South A f r i c a and their liberation m o v e m e n t s in their struggle for f r e e d o m " .
1Ф16 In a separate a c t i o n , the General A s s e m b l y adopted in resolution 3068 (XXVIII) and opened for signature and ratification the International Convention on the Suppression and P u n i s h m e n t of the Crime of A p a r t h e i d , requesting intergovernmental organizations and others to a c q u a i n t the p u b l i c w i t h its t e r m s .
1.17 T h e D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l has reviewed the series of resolutions of the Executive Board and the H e a l t h A s s e m b l y 他i c h relate to the practice of apartheid by the Government of South A f r i c a , p a r t i c u l a r l y resolutions W H A 1 6 . 4 3 , E B 3 3 . R 3 0 , W H A 1 7 . 5 0 , and W H A 1 8 . 4 0 , as w e l l as the status of a c c e p t a n c e of the constitutional amendments contained in W H A 1 8 . 4 8 . It would n o w seem
a p p r o p r i a t e in the D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l * s view for the Executive Board to consider requesting him to r e p o r t at the earliest possible date on the health implications of apartheid for the people of South A f r i c a discriminated against by that practice and on s p e c i f i c measures which might b e initiated by the O r g a n i z a t i o n in this c o n n e x i o n .
2 • R a t i o n a l i z a t i o n of the w o r k of the E c o n o m i c and Social Council
2.1 T h e Economic and Social Council has over the years taken many steps to rationalize its s t r u c t u r e and functioning so that it could m o r e effectively discharge its obligations under the United Nations Charter as the central body of the United Nations system in respect to the c o - o r d i n a t i o n of e c o n o m i c and social m a t t e r s . At its fifty-fourth session in
A p r i l - M a y 1973 the Council adopted resolution 1768 (LIV) entitled "Rationalization of the w o r k of the Economic and Social Council", w h i c h in view of its far-reaching importance, is attached to this document as Annex I I .
2.2 T h e attention of the Board is drawn particularly to those sections of the resolution w h i c h d e a l w i t h the d e t e r m i n a t i o n of the Council "to focus attention on major issues and e m e r g i n g developments on w h i c h action is necessary to bring about m o r e equitable and h a r m o n i o u s economic and social r e l a t i o n s h i p s " , in particular through the implementation of the International Development S t r a t e g y . The Council shall, for this purpose, "make policy r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s to Governments of Member States and establish adequate policy guidelines and d i r e c t i v e s for the activities of the United Nations s y s t e m " . The Council decided in a l t e r n a t e years to concentrate on review and appraisal of the International Development
S t r a t e g y and decided further that it should "annually discharge its continuing responsibilities u n d e r the Charter, e s p e c i a l l y in the consideration of programming and co-ordination matters and h u m a n r i g h t s , in the assessment of the world economic and social situation, as w e l l as in the performance of those tasks resulting from decisions of competent organs of the United N a t i o n s " . The provisions of the resolution relating to the International Development S t r a t e g y for the Second United Nations Development Decade are discussed in paragraph 3 h e r e o f .
2.3 In Sectior^ III, paragraph 9 on co-ordination and programming, the Council outlines a series of steps w h i c h w i l l have considerable implications for the w o r k of all organizations of the s y s t e m , including W H O . The request to the ACC in operative paragraph 10 "to extend the prior consultation procedure to the m e d i u m - t e r m plans of the United Nations and the s p e c i a l i z e d agencies" was examined by the Joint Meetings of the ACC and CPC in July 1973 and b y the A C C in October 1 9 7 3 . Agreement has now been reached to hold a m e e t i n g of senior level officials of the United Nations and specialized agencies involved in programme prepa- r a t i o n , under ACC aegis, to consider what steps could be taken to meet the C o u n c i lTs requests and to m a k e such recommendations as are appropriate in order to inform the governing bodies of the agencies concerned as w e l l as the Council of the practical proposals that can be made in this r e g a r d . Under operative paragraph 13 two separate and distinct reports are requested, the first by the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l on the past and present relationship between the United N a t i o n s and the specialized agencies, in particular in the operational field, and the other by the e x e c u t i v e heads of the specialized agencies who are invited to present their views on this same matter to the Council through the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l . At the request of the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l the D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l has provided him w i t h information on agreements and
arrangements relating to co-ordination between WHO and the United Nations and other organi- zations of the United Nations system, and transmitted the relevant organizational studies
T O O u n d e r t a k e n by the Executive Board and endorsed by the Health A s s e m b l y . ” ，
2.4 At its meeting in October 1973 the ACC exchanged views on the preparation of the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l ' s report and the statements of the executive heads of the specialized a g e n c i e s •
2.5 The Director-General considers that in view of the implications of ECOSOC resolution 1768 (LIV) the Executive Board may w i s h to provide guidance to him in this important m a t t e r . The r e l a t i o n s h i p agreement between the O r g a n i z a t i o n and the United Nations was entered into in 1948 at a time w h e n it w a s impossible to foresee the broadened area of involvement and range of interests which would mark the subsequent development of both the World H e a l t h O r g a n i z a t i o n and the United N a t i o n s . Despite this fact, the relationship agreement has constituted the indispensable framework w i t h i n w h i c h it has been possible to establish formal and informal w o r k i n g arrangements and procedures for consultation and co-ordination of activities w i t h the United N a t i o n s . S i m i l a r l y , although the Organization has separate r e l a t i o n s h i p agreements w i t h only three specialized agencies, n a m e l y ILO, FAO and UNESCO, and w i t h the International A t o m i c Energy A g e n c y , a variety of procedures have been developed and utilized to ensure the development and m a i n t e n a n c e of co-ordinated relationships w i t h all the other organizations of the United Nations system w h o s e programmes and activities are in any w a y related to or are complementary to the activities of the O r g a n i z a t i o n . Although the many varietiés of co-ordination relationships have been shown to be capable of meeting new situations and providing a flexible response to changes w i t h i n the United Nations system, there remains a continued need to enhance the effectiveness of co-ordination m e c h a n i s m s and p r o c e d u r e s . The Director-General considers that there must be a renewed effort to assure that at all levels of undertakings in the United Nations system steps are taken so that appropriate attention is devoted to health and due recognition is paid to its r o l e as an input essential to the attainment of economic and social d e v e l o p m e n t .
2.6 The Executive Board in its last organizational study on co-ordination w i t h the United N a t i o n s4 drew attention to the role of the E c o n o m i c and Social Council as the d i r e c t i n g organ of the United Nations for economic and social a c t i v i t i e s . The broad language of operative paragraph 13 of the resolution annexed hereto and its reference to co-ordination in the "operational field" is itself a reflection of the development of the w o r k of the United Nations system as a w h o l e . The decisive importance of a co-ordinated approach to country programming and activities at the country level has been increasingly recognized in connexion w i t h such system-wide u n d e r t a k i n g s . It is however impossible to divorce such activities from the other broad activities of WHO since in a technical organization the two areas constitute a co-ordinated w h o l e . It is the D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a lfs present intention to incorporate these views in the response w h i c h he is requested to submit by 1 February and to draw attention in that same response to the relevant resolutions of the Executive Board and the World Health A s s e m b l y . The Executive Board may w i s h after studying the annexed resolution to m a k e recommendations to the Health A s s e m b l y .
1 O f f , R e c , Wld Hlth O r g ” N o . 115, Annex 19, "Co-ordination with the United Nations and the specialized a g e n c i e s " .
2
O f f , R e c , Wld Hlth O r g . , N o . 157, Annex 16, "Co-ordination at the national level in relation to the technical co-operation field programme of the O r g a n i z a t i o n " .
3
O f f , R e c , Wld Hlth O r g ” N o . 181, Annex 4, "Review of the organizational study on co-ordination w i t h the United Nations and the specialized a g e n c i e s " .
O f f . R e c . Wld H l t h O r g . , N o , 1 8 1 .
3 . Second United N a t i o n s D e v e l o p m e n t D e c a d e
3.1 A s the E x e c u t i v e Board w i l l r e c a l l , the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y in p r o c l a i m i n g in 1970 the Second U n i t e d N a t i o n s D e v e l o p m e n t D e c a d e , decided to m a k e a b i e n n i a l review and a p p r a i s a l of the o b j e c t i v e s and p o l i c i e s of the International D e v e l o p m e n t Strategy and of d e v e l o p m e n t s d u r i n g the D e c a d e , through the E c o n o m i c and Social C o u n c i l , on the basis of reviews and a p p r a i s a l s carried out at n a t i o n a l , regional and sectoral l e v e l s . The E c o n o m i c and Social C o u n c i l at its f i f t y - f i f t h (summer 1 9 7 3 ) session had b e f o r e it over 30 d o c u m e n t s , including 1300 p a g e s of texts and t a b l e s , w h i c h r e p r e s e n t e d the c o n t r i b u t i o n s to the first b i e n n i a l r e v i e w .
3.2 W H O c o - o p e r a t e d in the a p p r a i s a l e x e r c i s e in accordance w i t h resolutions WHA24.49"'" and W H A 2 5 . 3 1 ^ and t r a n s m i t t e d its c o n t r i b u t i o n to the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l in F e b r u a r y 1973 for initial c o n s i d e r a t i o n by the Expert Committee for Development P l a n n i n g w h i c h had been r e q u e s t e d by the General A s s e m b l y to prepare comments and r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s relating to the o v e r a l l review and a p p r a i s a l . T h e Organization's c o n t r i b u t i o n emphasized that periods of two or e v e n four years w e r e too short to show significant e f f e c t s in the h e a l t h f i e l d . T h u s any attempt to assess the health situation in the light of the Strategy could only be p r o v i s i o n a l , based n e c e s s a r i l y on rather imprecise statistical d a t a w h i c h are often incomplete and are p r o d u c e d w i t h an a v e r a g e d e l a y of two to three y e a r s . The United Nations and the o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s of the system found s i m i l a r problems and it was thus agreed that first review and appraisal should be in the n a t u r e of a s t o c k - t a k i n g of the situation at the b e g i n n i n g of the Second D e v e l o p m e n t D e c a d e , p r o v i d i n g a b a s e l i n e for future a p p r a i s a l s , p a r t i c u l a r l y the m i d - t e r m appraisal in 1 9 7 5 .
3.3 T h e WHO c o n t r i b u t i o n on the health sector provided c e r t a i n vital and h e a l t h s t a t i s t i c s as w e l l as i n f o r m a t i o n and d a t a on global d i s e a s e patterns and the availability of health services and health m a n p o w e r , based on d a t a and information collected as part of its
e s t a b l i s h e d s e r v i c e s . E x t e n s i v e u s e w a s m a d e of WHO reports on the World H e a l t h S i t u a t i o n , the W o r l d H e a l t h Statistics A n n u a l Reports and other WHO p u b l i c a t i o n s .
3.4 A r r a n g e m e n t s for the m i d - t e r m review and appraisal c o n s t i t u t e d one of the two items d i s c u s s e d at the Joint M e e t i n g s of the C o m m i t t e e for P r o g r a m m e and Co-ordination (CPC) and the A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Committee on C o - o r d i n a t i o n (ACC) in G e n e v a on 2 and 3 J u l y . There w a s g e n e r a l concern at the u n e v e n e s s of the sectoral and regional appraisals and it w a s e m p h a s i z e d that all of the c o n t r i b u t i o n s , n a t i o n a l , r e g i o n a l , s e c t o r a l , and global had i n d e p e n d e n t v a l u e and w e r e not part of a h i e r a r c h i c a l p r o c e s s . It w a s suggested that the m i d - t e r m appraisal w o u l d e m p h a s i z e obstacles encountered as w e l l as achievements and short- c o m i n g s of the first part of the D e c a d e . M e m b e r s of both the committees agreed "that the d e l i b e r a t i v e and l e g i s l a t i v e b o d i e s of the organizations of the United N a t i o n s system should be fully associated w i t h the m i d - t e r m review and appraisal and should give in-depth
c o n s i d e r a t i o n to the issues generated by this e x e r c i s e . The Secretariats of the various o r g a n i z a t i o n s should not h e s i t a t e to draw the attention of i n t e r - g o v e r n m e n t a l organs to q u e s t i o n s and problems requiring e x a m i n a t i o n " . In addition m e m b e r s of both committees
" u n d e r l i n e d the i m p o r t a n c e of the timely p r e p a r a t i o n and submission by the specialized agencies and other o r g a n i z a t i o n s concerned of the sectoral appraisals w h i c h represented an i n d i s p e n s a b l e input as regards the e f f e c t i v e n e s s and u s e f u l n e s s of the task of o v e r a l l e v a l u a t i o n " . о
3.5 At its f i f t y - f i f t h s e s s i o n , the Economic and Social Council prepared a w o r k i n g draft w h i c h w a s transmitted to the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y together w i t h C o u n c i l resolution 1827 (LV) to e n a b l e the General A s s e m b l y to c o m p l e t e the first biennial review and a p p r a i s a l .
1 H a n d b o o k of Resolutions and D e c i s i o n s , V o l . I, p . 5 1 1 . 2
H a n d b o o k of Resolutions and D e c i s i o n s , Vol• I, p . 5 1 2 . U n i t e d N a t i o n s d o c u m e n t E/5371#
3 . 6 A t i t s t w e n t y - e i g h t h s e s s i o n t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y a d o p t e d r e s o l u t i o n 3 1 7 6 ( X X V I I I ) w h i c h c o n t a i n s an e v a l u a t i o n of t h e g l o b a l s i t u a t i o n , i n d i c a t i o n s of t h e a t t a i n m e n t of t h e
s p e c i f i c goals and o b j e c t i v e s and t h e p e r f o r m a n c e of d e v e l o p i n g a n d d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s , a n d a s t a t e m e n t o n f u r t h e r a c t i o n . T h e text w a s a d o p t e d w i t h o u t a r e c o r d e d vote and is s u b j e c t to n u m e r o u s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s and r e s e r v a t i o n s by M e m b e r S t a t e s . T h e s a l i e n t c o n c l u s i o n s of t h e g e n e r a l e v a l u a t i o n a r e that :
"The b a l a n c e sheet of t h e f i r s t t w o y e a r s of t h e Second D e v e l o p m e n t D e c a d e shows that d e v e l o p m e n t p r o b l e m s , f a r from b e i n g s o l v e d h a v e b e c o m e i n c r e a s i n g l y a c u t e . In m a n y c a s e s t h e r e h a s been a s e t b a c k w h e n c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e s i t u a t i o n p r e v a i l i n g in t h e
latter p a r t of t h e p a s t d e c a d e , t h o u g h t h e r e c e n t e c o n o m i c b o o m in t h e i n d u s t r i a l i z e d c o u n t r i e s h a s b r o u g h t at l e a s t s o m e t e m p o r a r y a d v a n t a g e s to some d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s "
and that
"judged in t e r m s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a c t i o n s i n c e 1 9 7 0 , t h e c a u s e of d e v e l o p m e n t h a s lost m o m e n t u m . D e s p i t e t h e a c t i o n t a k e n b y some d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s , t h e n e t a g g r e g a t e flow of f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s to d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s h a s m a d e l i t t l e p r o g r e s s t o w a r d s the t a r g e t s p e c i f i e d in t h e S t r a t e g y and n e t o f f i c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t a s s i s t a n c e as a s h a r e of t h e g r o s s n a t i o n a l p r o d u c t of t h e d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s , w h i c h is of c r i t i c a l
i m p o r t a n c e , h a s m a d e v i r t u a l l y n o p r o g r e s s at a l l " .
T h u s , t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y finds that t h e g e n e r a l e v a l u a t i o n s u g g e s t s that
"the I n t e r n a t i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t S t r a t e g y r e m a i n s m u c h m o r e a w i s h than a p o l i c y . It h a s n o t y e t t a k e n hold w i t h a n y t h i n g like t h e f o r c e needed，’.
3.7 T h e a p p r a i s a l r e s o l u t i o n m a k e s s e v e r a l r e f e r e n c e s to h e a l t h m a t t e r s r e a f f i r m i n g that
" D e v e l o p m e n t i n c l u d e s a m u l t i p l i c i t y of o b j e c t i v e s a n d p r o g r a m m e s w h i c h , if p r o p e r l y
i n t e g r a t e d , w i l l b r i n g about i n c r e a s e d o u t p u t as w e l l as i m p r o v e m e n t s in e m p l o y m e n t , i n c o m e d i s t r i b u t i o n , e d u c a t i o n , h e a l t h and n u t r i t i o n " . It s t a t e s , i n t e r a l i a , that " E d u c a t i o n and h e a l t h f a c i l i t i e s a r e i n c r e a s i n g b u t a r e still f a r s h o r t of n e e d s . H o u s i n g s h o r t a g e s r e m a i n a c u t e . M a l n u t r i t i o n is w i d e s p r e a d . A l l t h e s e e l e m e n t s h a v e e x a c e r b a t e d t h e p r o b l e m of m a s s p o v e r t y i'n m a n y d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s " . In t h e d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s , t h e a p p r a i s a l f i n d s " T h e r e h a s been p r o g r e s s t o w a r d s s p r e a d i n g the b e n e f i t s of e c o n o m i c g r o w t h , e s p e c i a l l y t h r o u g h e x p a n s i o n of e d u c a t i o n and h e a l t h f a c i l i t i e s , l o w - c o s t h o u s i n g f o r t h e p o o r e r s e c t i o n s of t h e p o p u l a t i o n and o t h e r i m p r o v e m e n t s , b u t m u c h r e m a i n s to b e d o n e
e s p e c i a l l y in i m p r o v i n g t h e p r o v i s i o n of t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s in r u r a l a r e a s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e e f f o r t s to o r i e n t e d u c a t i o n a l s y s t e m s t o w a r d s d e v e l o p m e n t p r i o r i t i e s n e e d to b e s t r e n g t h e n e d " . 3.8 A c o n s i d e r a b l e part of t h e r e s o l u t i o n o n the first b i e n n i a l r e v i e w and a p p r a i s a l is d e v o t e d to f u r t h e r action； it is d e e m e d " e s s e n t i a l n o t o n l y to i m p l e m e n t t h e p o l i c y m e a s u r e s a g r e e d u p o n b u t also to seek n e w areas of a g r e e m e n t , w i d e n t h e e x i s t i n g o n e s , e v o l v e n e w c o n c e p t s , and seek a g r e e m e n t o n a d d i t i o n a l m e a s u r e s w i t h i n a t i m e - b o u n d p r o g r a m m e " . 3.9 T h e s p e c i f i c r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s o n h e a l t h s t a t e that " F u r t h e r steps s h o u l d b e t a k e n to i m p r o v e t h e q u a n t i t y and q u a l i t y of h e a l t h s e r v i c e s and t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y of t h e s e s e r v i c e s to the t o t a l p o p u l a t i o n . D e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s s h o u l d adopt d e m o g r a p h i c p o l i c i e s s u i t a b l e to t h e i r o w n c o n c e p t of d e v e l o p m e n t and c o n s i s t e n t w i t h h u m a n d i g n i t y . T h o s e c o u n t r i e s s e e k i n g a r e d u c t i o n in t h e rate of p o p u l a t i o n i n c r e a s e should e x p a n d f a m i l y p l a n n i n g s e r v i c e s "
3 . 1 0 A/RES/3178 (XXVIII) adopted b y t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y o n p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r t h e m i d - t e r m r e v i e w and a p p r a i s a l , asks the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l to m a k e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t h e r e o n t o t h e f i f t y - s e v e n t h (summer 1 9 7 4 ) s e s s i o n of E C O S O C . T h e s p e c i a l i z e d a g e n c i e s , I A E A , and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s of the U n i t e d N a t i o n s s y s t e m , in p a r t i c u l a r U N C T A D and U N I D O , a r e r e q u e s t e d to m a k e a l l n e c e s s a r y e f f o r t s to e n s u r e that t h e m i d - t e r m r e v i e w and a p p r a i s a l c o v e r i n g a l l s e c t o r s of e c o n o m i c and social d e v e l o p m e n t is p r e p a r e d and c a r r i e d o u t in a c o - o r d i n a t e d
and c o m p r e h e n s i v e m a n n e r . The S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l , in c o n s u l t a t i o n , inter a l i a , w i t h the o r g a n i z a t i o n s of the United Nations system c o n c e r n e d , is also asked to e x a m i n e , in time for the m i d - t e r m r e v i e w , the major economic and social d e v e l o p m e n t s since the launching of the Second United Nations Development D e c a d e , the implications of such developments for the a t t a i n m e n t of the goals and objectives specified for the Decade as a w h o l e , and the "need for f o r m u l a t i n g new m e a s u r e s , as n e c e s s a r y , including socio-economic p o l i c i e s , which may be required in order to fulfil the goals of the International Development S t r a t e g y " .
3.11 T h e m i d - d e c a d e review and appraisal in 1975 w i l l be of particular i m p o r t a n c e , as it w i l l n o t only analyse past p e r f o r m a n c e but will attempt to detect shortcomings which may i m p e d e achievement of the D e c a d e ' s objectives and targets and to develop appropriate measures to o v e r c o m e t h e m . At its sixtieth session in October 1973 the ACC decided that in its n e x t a n n u a l report to the E c o n o m i c and Social C o u n c i l , it would re-emphasize the importance of n a t i o n a l - l e v e l appraisals and would reiterate the readiness of the organizations of the system to p r o v i d e , u p o n request and within the limits of their p o s s i b i l i t i e s , assistance to g o v e r n m e n t s in conducting regular appraisals of progress at the national l e v e l . It was also agreed that practical arrangements covering the exchange of information should be further strengthened in preparation for the mid-decade r e v i e w .
3.12 D u r i n g the course of collection of m a t e r i a l for the preparation of the Fifth Report o n the W o r l d Health situation 1 9 6 9 - 1 9 7 2 , information w a s requested from governments w h i c h w i l l facilitate the preparation of the mid-term review of the health s e c t o r . The world health s i t u a t i o n report w i l l also assist the Organization in responding to the ECOSOC request in resolution 1748 (LIV) to the concerned specialized agencies to co-operate w i t h the S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l in p r e p a r i n g d a t a for the Commission on Social Development at its 1975 s e s s i o n , w h i c h will assist it in "assessing the realization of social development
o b j e c t i v e s both in the developed and the developing c o u n t r i e s " . The Director-General p r o p o s e s , t h r o u g h the regional o f f i c e s , to provide such assistance w i t h respect to the health sector as m a y be requested by Member States in their preparation of comprehensive national reviews and a p p r a i s a l s • It is his intention to bring this m a t t e r to the attention of the regional
c o m m i t t e e s at their 1974 sessions； any suggestions that m a y be m a d e by the regional committees could then be taken into consideration in the preparation of the mid-decade sectoral review w h i c h w i l l be considered by the Executive Board at its fifty-fifth s e s s i o n . The Director- G e n e r a l intends to contiñue his collaboration w i t h the Secretary-General and the regional e c o n o m i c commissions to ensure that health is given a much higher priority in the e x e r c i s e , and w i l l , particularly through ACC in the light of guidance provided by the Executive Board and the Health A s s e m b l y , continue to co-operate w i t h the organizations of the United Nations system in the pursuance of the objectives of the D e c a d e .
4# Reports of CPC and A C C
4.1 At its spring session the Economic and Social Council adopted resolution 1771 (LIV) on the J o i n t Meetings of the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination and the Administrative C o m m i t t e e on C o - o r d i n a t i o n . The resolution desired that the co-ordination between the
a c t i v i t i e s of the organizations of the United Nations system should be as effective as possible at all l e v e l s . It recommended that the annual meetings between the CPC and the ACC
"should d e v e l o p into a more active w o r k i n g discussion of questions currently on the agenda of the C o u n c i l , particularly those w i t h system-wide implications and those w h e r e problems of c o - o r d i n a t i o n between the agencies and organs of the United Nations system have arisen or appear likely to arise in the f u t u r e " . It also invited the agencies and organizations of the system "to participate m o r e actively at the appropriate level both in the discussions of the Council and also of its subsidiary b o d i e s , bearing in mind particularly the need for the contributions of the agencies to the policy-determining discussions of the Council and its subsidiary bodies to be both action oriented and made at a sufficiently early stage in the p o l i c y elaboration p r o c e s s " . The resolution called for a review of progress in i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of the resolution at the fifty-eighth (spring 1 9 7 5 ) session of the C o u n c i l .
4.2 This recognition by the Council of the importance of active participation by the agencies and organizations of the United Nations system at an early stage of consideration of items by the Council or its subsidiary bodies is w e l c o m e . The D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l w i l l continue to assure the representation of the Organization at all meetings of the Council and its subsidiaries w h e r e items of concern to the Organization are being c o n s i d e r e d .
5 . World Food Conference
5.1 In October 1973 d u r i n g its resumed fifty-fifth session the Economic and Social Council recommended to the General A s s e m b l y that a World Food Conference be convened in 1974 under the auspices of the United N a t i o n s . The Council in its decision invited the governing bodies of the various organizations of the United Nations system to consider this question as a matter of priority and to report their décisions to the E c o n o m i c and Social C o u n c i l . 5.2 At its General Conference in November 197 3 the Food and. A g r i c u l t u r e Organization considered the Council's recommendations and expressed the view that a Preparatory Committee should be established for the Conference to make an assessment of the world food problem w h i c h , in addition to d e a l i n g with the demand and supply s i t u a t i o n , "should attempt to
identify the dimensions and causes of hunger and m a l n u t r i t i o n , in particular among the most vulnerable g r o u p s " . The FAO Conference recommended that the World Food Conference take place in November 1974 and recommended to the General A s s e m b l y that the Conference be held in Rome where m u c h of the preparatory w o r k would n e c e s s a r i l y be d o n e .
5.3 This matter was again considered by the resumed fifty-fifth session of the ECOSOC w h i c h on 11 December in resolution 1831 (LV) approved by consensus a draft resolution to the General Assembly p r o v i d i n g that an intergovernmental World Food Conference at m i n i s t e r i a l level be convened under United Nations auspices in November 1974 in R o m e . The Secretary- General has been requested after consultation w i t h FAO and UNCTAD to designate a Secretary- General of the Conference and establish a small Conference secretariat drawing upon e x p e r t i s e available in FAO and UNCTAD and other relevant b o d i e s . A l l competent organizations of the United Nations system have been invited to collaborate closely in the organization of the C o n f e r e n c e .
5.4 The General A s s e m b l y adopted resolution 3180 (XXVIII) w h i c h approves the draft resolution adopted by the Economic and Social Council referred to in paragraph 5.3 a b o v e . 5.5 During the stage of initial consultations on the proposals for the convening of this Conference the Director-General informed the Secretary-General and the D i r e c t o r - G e n e r a l of FAO of his intention to extend the full co-operation of WHO in the preparation of those elements of the Conference agenda which would have specific or general implications for the health status of p e o p l e s . There has not been t i m e , since the decision of the General A s s e m b l y to convene the C o n f e r e n c e , for the preparation of specific suggestions on the role to be played by the World Health Organization in the Conference preparations and it is the Director-General's intention to report further on this m a t t e r to the World Health A s s e m b l y f o l l o w i n g , inter a l i a , consultations which will take place in the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination in A p r i l 1 9 7 4 .
6 • Science and technology
6.1 The Committee on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) which had been established by a decision of the Council in 1971 held its first full meeting and reviewed the status of a series of questions in the general area of science and technology including the work of the Advisory Committee on the A p p l i c a t i o n of Science and Technology to Development (ACAST), the World Plan of A c t i o n for the Application of Science and Technology to Development, the application of computer technology to development and general questions of science policy, particularly the role of modern science and technology in the development of n a t i o n s .
