A decision support tool for adapting pig feeding strategies to climate change

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A decision support tool for adapting pig feeding

strategies to climate change

Jean-Yves Dourmad, Alain Valancogne, Valentine Le Velly, David Renaudeau

To cite this version:

Jean-Yves Dourmad, Alain Valancogne, Valentine Le Velly, David Renaudeau. A decision support tool for adapting pig feeding strategies to climate change. [Contract] 7.1, 2014, 13 p. �hal-01611418�

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TABLE

1. C

2. O

3. D

3.1. 3.2. 3.3.

4. S

4.1. 4.2.

5. C

6. L

E OF CONT

CONTEXT

OBJECTIVE

DESCRIPT

Prediction Prediction a meta-an Nutrient u

SIMULATIO

Example o Example o

CONCLUSI

ITERATUR

TENTS

E OF THE

TION OF TH

n of the indo n of the effe nalysis of lite se and pred

ON RESUL

of simulatio of simulatio

ION AND P

RE CITED

DECISION

HE MODE

oor climate f ect of tempe erature diction of pe

LTS

ns in growin ns in lactati

PERSPEC

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EL

from the ou erature on f erformance ng pigs ing sows

CTIVES

RT TOOL

tdoor clima feed intake and require te and anima ements al performan

3

4

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10

10 11

12

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A de

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Jean-Y

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The inc decreas intake. stress, general sensitiv gestatin decided Differen as revie those a animals compos modifica low feed Most de effect o conduct perform model r pigs wit support nutrient changin In this develop

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creasing ris sed perform In pig prod because th ly fed ad ve, because ng sows, re d to focus th nt strategies ewed by Re aiming at en s for heat to sition. Und ations of di d consumpt ecision sup of climate o ted in the mance. In th representing th the final t tool. This t content, c ng climates deliverable ped for adap

n supp

to clim

mad, Alain

us-Ouest, U

ad@renne

k of occurr mance of p duction, fatt heir zone o libitum. Co e of a highe esulting in h he present p s may be us enaudeau et nhancing an olerance, an der heat s iet compos tion (Renau port tools fo on nutrient u recent yea is context t g the effect l objective is an esse choice of ad and new pi e we descr

pting pig fee

port to

mate ch

Valancogn

UMR Pega

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rence of he pigs, mainly tening pigs of thermone nversely, p r zone of th higher sens project main sed to allev t al. (2012). nimal heat-nd those re stress, imp ition that e udeau et al., or the nutrit utilization a ars to evalu the aim of t t of a hot cl to impleme ntial step to dapted feed g genotype ribe the m eding strate

ool for

hange

ne, Valenti

ase, 35590

eat stress p y because and lactat eutrality is post weanin hermoneutr sitivity to co nly on fatten viate the eff . These aut -loss capac elated to mo proved pro ither promo , 2012). tion of pigs and volunta uate the ef this task in imate on he ent this mo o develop d ingredien es. model and t egies to hea

r adap

ine Le Vell

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periods with of the red ing sows a lower than ng piglets rality and th old stress. T ning pigs an fect of heat thors identif ities, those odification o oduction s otes a high , such as In ary feed inta ffects of ho AnimalCha eat product odel in the new feedin ts...) better the basis f at stress.

pting p

y, David R

es, France

h climate ch uction of th are the mos n for other and gestat e restricted This is the nd lactating t stress in li fied three g involving g of feeding s should be er intake o nraPorc®, d ake. Many ot or tropic ange Projec tion and nut

available I g strategies r adapted to

for the dec

pig fee

Renaudeau

e.

hange will heir volunta st sensitive pigs and t ting sows a d feeding in reason wh sows. ivestock pro roups of str genetic sele strategies a possible or compens do not cons studies ha cal climates ct was be to trient partit InraPorc® s (e.g. defi o more ext cision supp

eding

u

result in ary feed to heat they are are less n case of hy it was oduction rategies: ection of and feed through ates the sider the ve been s on pig o build a ioning in decision nition of treme or port tool

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2. Ob

As illust growth the ther required on med location precisio adaptat housing Figure

3. De

The dec the use organize - a com outdoor - a com perform - a com In the p a determ conditio use.

bjective

trated in fig and lactatio rmoneutral d to achieve dium term a n of the farm on farming a tion of feed g conditions 1. General

escript

cision suppo e of energy ed in three mponent for r temperatu mponent for mance, ponent for t present vers ministic mo ons (this sho

e of the

gure 1 the g on performa zone (ii) to e these per according to m or the sea and precisi d allowanc s. objectives o

ion of

ort tool is b y and nutrie main comp r the predic re and hous r the predic the determi sion the mo del. The tim ort time ste

e decis

general obje ance accord o determine rformances o expected ason). For t on feeding ce and com of the decis

the mo

ased on the ents by pigs ponents: ction of the sing, ction of the nation of en odel is deve me step for ep is require

sion su

ectives of t ding to outd e the amou . This tool outdoor or the future, i (Pomar et mposition a sion support

odel

e developm s according temperatu e effect of a nergy and n eloped using modeling is ed for mode

upport

he decision door tempe unt of nutrie may be use indoor tem t could also al., 2012) according t t tool ment of a mo g to ambien re perceive ambient tem nutrient utiliz g the Vensi s the minut eling fan co

tool

n support to erature and ent (amino ed to adapt mperature (e o be used in with the ob to real-time odel predict nt temperat ed by the a mperature o zation and r m© modeli e for the pr ontrol) and t

ool are (i) to animal pot acids, min t feeding st eg accordin n the persp bjective of r e measure

ting feed int ture. This m animal acco on feed int requiremen ng platform rediction of the day for

o predict tential in nerals…) trategies ng to the ective of real-time ment of take and model is ording to ake and ts. m. This is housing r nutrient

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3.1

The firs and diff Vensim© data file conside loss tro rate va tempera maximu module impleme Figure outdoor input va black: in For gro and net For lact and the (Rigolot He He He

. Predic

clima

st componen ferent chara © graphic r e with temp ering sensib ugh the floo ary between ature and t um power a to conside ented. 2. Descripti r temperatu ariables des ntermediate wing pigs t t (NE) and m tating sows e heat prod t et al., 2010 eatProdFatte eatProdSow eatProdLitter

ction of

te

nt of the m acteristics o representat perature giv ble heat pro

or, the wall n a minim the set po according to

er the effec

ion of the m ure (in red: scribing the e variables). total heat p metabolizab calculation uced by th 0). ening = 750 B = 326 BW0 r = (284 + 6

f the ind

odel predic of housing. tion of the m ven on an h oduction fro s and the c um and a int tempera o indoor tem ct of differe model compo input/outpu e housing of . production i ble energy of heat pro e piglets w BW0.60 + (1-.75_{+ (1- NE/} 6.44 × ADG

door cli

cts the indoo This is illu model. The hourly basis om the ani ceiling, and a maximum ature for v mperature a ent cooling onent predi ut data = ou f the pigs; t s calculate (ME) conte oduction als which is det - NE/ME) x /ME) x ME Litter) x 86.

mate fr

or temperat ustrated in e outdoor te s. The enth mal, heatin heat loss t m rate (inpu entilation. and a set po g strategies icting the in utdoor and the ventilati d according nt of feed ( so considers ermined fro ME x Feed x Feed .4

rom the

ture from o figure 2 wh emperature alpy of the ng (for farro through ven ut data) ac Heating va oint tempera s is also pl door tempe indoor tem ion and the

g to feed in Figure 3, R s the amou om litter we

outdoo

utdoor tem hich repres is obtained room is ca owing room ntilation. Ve ccording to ary between ature for he lanned but erature acco mperature; i e heating/co ntake, body Rigolot et al unt of milk p eight gain (

or

perature ents the d from a alculated ms), heat entilation o indoor n 0 and eating. A not yet ording to n green: ooling; in y weight, ., 2010). produced ADGlitter)

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Figure red: ind interme Animal (1984). He

3.2.

The pre since th the liter 2011) a meta-an These e and fee intake a The follo et al., 2 4 for dif FI “fatte FI “lacta 3. Model o door temper diate variab heat produ eatSens =

Predict

and an

literatu

ediction of e his is the sta rature has b and lactating nalyses are equations a ed intake at at 22°C whic owing equa 011) and la fferent BW, ening” (g/d) ation” (g/d) of calculatio rature; in g bles). uction is pa HeatProd

-tion of t

imal pe

ure

effect of am arting point been perform g sows (Do e used in th are used to t 22°C. Thi ch is a char ations are u actating sow in case of f = -1331 + 1 = 10700 – 4 n of total, s reen: input artitioned be - HeatProd x

the effe

erforman

mbient temp t in the mod med within ourmad et a he model t o calculate a s ratio is th racteristic of

sed for esti ws (Dourma fattening pig 134 x T - 2.4 465 x T + 5 sensible an variables d etween sen x (0.22 + 1.

ect of te

nce from

perature on deling of nu the project al., in prepa to predict th a ratio betw hen multipl f the consid mating feed ad et al., in gs, and pari 40 x T² + 58 .69 x T2 + 6 d latent hea describing f nsible and l .85 x 10-7 x

mperat

m a me

n feed intak utrient use. t on both gr aration). Th he effect o ween feed ied by an i dered genot d intake (FI preparation ities, in cas 8.7 x BW -0 6.29 x ME at productio feed energy atent heat (T° +10)4)

ure on f

ta-analy

ke is a key An extensiv rowing pigs e equations f temperatu intake at a nput refere type (model ) of fattenin n). They are e of lactatin 0.105 x BW² on from ani y content; according t

feed int

ysis of

issue in th ve meta-an (Renaudea s obtained ure on feed given tem ence value l input). ng pigs (Ren e illustrated ng sows. ² - 0.923 T x imals (in in black: to CGIR

take

e model alysis of au et al., in these d intake. perature for feed naudeau in figure x BW

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Figure 2011) a

3.3.

The des this mod sows. T figure 5 Figure van Milg Fatteni 4. Effect of and lactating

Nutrien

require

scription of del is given The main c . 5. General gen et al., 2 ing pigs f ambient te g sows (Dou

nt use a

ements

nutrient use by van Mil compartmen description 2008, and D emperature urmad et al

and pred

e is mainly gen et al. (2 nts and flow n of the mo Dourmad et e on feed in ., in prepara

diction

based on In 2008) for gr ws of nutri odel of nutr al., 2008). L ntake of fatt ation).

of perfo

ormanc

model. A det and Dourm been adapte nergy utiliza ows (Renaudea

ce and

tailed descr mad et al. (2 ed as illust ation (adapt au et al., ription of 2008) for trated in ted from

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The ani which a relations and dig figure 5 In the c depend acid su associa depositi excreted nutrient product A detai lactating intake w partition general balance determi These d Figure red: ind in oran interme imal is repr are used t ships. The estible ami . case of gro s on metab upply and a ated to fat ion (and m d as urea. t and energ tion. led descrip g sows is g witch depen ned among ly negative e (calculate nation of ch data are use

6. Descript oor temper nge: effect diate variab resented as to predict flow of nut no acids. T owing pigs, bolic body w animal pote and prote maintenance In the case gy are also ption of the given in figu nds on indoo ME for m e because o ed from N hanges in b ed for the p tion of the m ature; in gre of ambie bles) s two main body weig rients is rep The flow of energy is weight), ene ential for p in depositio e, not rep e of lactatin o represen e Vensim© ure 6. Metab or temperat aintenance of insufficie in milk an body fat, bod

rediction of model for m een : input v ent tempera body comp ght and bo presented i minerals is partitioned ergy for pro protein dep on). Digest resented o ng sows the ted, with a © model for bolizable en ture and fee , ME for m ent feed inta

nd digestib dy energy a f body weigh metabolizab variables d ature deriv partments ( ody compo n terms of s also cons d among en tein deposi position) an tible amino on figure 5 e same bod additional fl r the predi nergy (ME) ed energy c milk and ME ake. ME fo le amino a and body pr ht and body le energy u escribing fe ved from t

(ie body fat sition acco flows of me idered but nergy for m tion (which nd heat inc o acids are 5), the exc dy compartm lows for m ction of en intake is ca content (ME E for body or body rese acids) are rotein, as de y compositio utilization in eed and ani the meta-a t and body ording to e etabolizable not represe maintenance depends o crement (h e used for cess protei ments and milk energy nergy utiliza alculated fr Efeed). ME reserves, w erves and then used escribed in on (backfat n lactating s mal charac analysis; in protein) empirical e energy ented on e (which on amino eat loss r protein n being flows of and fat ation by rom feed intake is which is nitrogen for the figure 6. ). sows. (in cteristics; n black:

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Figure (backfat green: i Daily di fattening InraPorc intake, a Figure lactating green: i 7. Descrip t depth) in nput variab igestible am g pigs and c© model. T as describe 8. Descrip g sows. (in nputs desc ption of the lactating s bles describ mino acid r protein in The require ed in figure 7 ption of the n red: inpu ribing anima e model of sows. (in re ing animal c requirement milk for lac ement per kg 7 for lactatin model for ut/indoor te al characte f prediction ed: BW and characterist ts are calc ctating sow g feed is th ng sow. the calcul mperature, ristics; in bl n of bodyw d P2 backf tics; in blac ulated acco ws accordin en obtained ation of dig output/dig ack: interm weight and fat the pred k: intermed ording to p g to the m d by dividing gestible lys estible lysin ediate varia body com dicted varia iate variabl protein reten method desc g this value sine require ne requirem ables) mposition ables; in es). ntion for cribed in e by feed ement in ment; in

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4. Sim

Differen how the

4.1.

The mo pigs ov fattening perform The ave expecte about 4 simulate 2.17 kg between is the lo in feed Table 1 2008 w and with Average Outdo Indoo Average Mode Refere Differe Average Mode Refere Differe Feed co Mode Refere Differe Feed co Mode Refere Differe

mulatio

nt simulatio e model can

Examp

odel was us ver one yea

g pigs with mance and a erage perfo ed, the aver 4.4 °C diffe ed feed inta g/d), with in n the simul owest for wi intake affec 1. Simulatio with tempera hout the effe

e daily T° (°C oor r e daily gain (g l ence ence (% of Re e slaughter w l ence ence (% of Re onsumption ( l ence ence (% of Re onversion rat l ence ence (% of Re

on resu

ns have be n be used.

ple of sim

sed to simul ar period, w similar anim amino-acid r ormances of rage tempe rences in a ake is redu ntermediate ations with nter and au cts average on of perfor ature for To ect of ambie ) g/d) ef) weight (kg) ef) (kg/d) ef) te, kg/kg ef)

ults

een perform

mulatio

late the evo with temper mal potentia requiremen f the four ba ratures indo average ind ced by abo values for and withou utumn (-1%) daily gain w rmance of oulouse reg ent tempera W ‐ med in lacta

ons in g

olution of pe rature for y al were sim nt. atches of fa oor and out door temper out 8% duri spring and ut consideri ) and the hi which is red four batche gion). Comp ature. Winter 8.1 22.1 838 847 ‐1.1% 106.3 107.1 ‐0.8% 2.17 2.20 ‐1.3% 2.59 2.59 ‐0.15% ating sows

rowing

erformance year 2001 ulated to ev attening pig tdoor vary w rature betw ing summe d autumn. T ng the effec ighest for su duced in spr es of fatten parison of t Spring 13.7 23.2 821 848 ‐3.3% 104.5 106.9 ‐2.3% 2.12 2.20 ‐3.7% 2.58 2.60 ‐0.47% and growin

pigs

and require in Toulouse valuate the gs are prese with the sea ween summ r compared The differen ct of tempe ummer (-12 ring and su ning pigs ov he results f Summ 21.9 26.5 762 848 ‐10.1% 99.2 106.7 ‐7.0% 1.93 2.20 ‐12.2% 2.53 2.59 ‐2.36% ng pigs to rements of f e. Four ba effect of se ented in tab ason (figure mer and win

d to winter nce for fee erature in th 2%). This di mmer. ver one ye from mode er Au 9 1 5 2 8 8 % ‐1 2 10 7 10 % ‐1 3 2 0 2 % ‐2 3 2 9 2 % ‐0 illustrate fattening tches of eason on ble 1. As e 9) with nter. The (1.93 vs ed intake he model ifference ear (year ling with tumn 10.6 22.7 834 848 1.6% 06.2 07.4 1.1% 2.16 2.20 2.0% 2.59 2.60 .38%

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The effe The req without small (le finishing Figure express

4.2.

The mo sows ov lactating to evalu present Table 2 2008 w multipar Indoor t Litter AD Primip Multip Feed Int Primip Multip Digestib Primip Multip ect of seaso quirement is considering ess that 1% g period. 9. Evolutio sed as a pe

Examp

odel was us ver one yea g sows with uate the effe ted in table 2. Simulatio with tempera rous sows. temperature DG (g/d) parous parous take (kg/d) parous parous ble Lysine (g/ parous parous on on amin s expresse g the effect %) whereas on of diges rcentage of

ple of sim

sed to simul ar period, w h similar ani ect of seaso 2 per seaso n of perform ature for To e (°C) /kg) o acid requ ed as a per of tempera s during sum stible lysine f reference v

mulatio

late the evo with temper imal potenti on on perfor on. mance of 1 oulouse reg W uirement is rcentage of ature. For w mmer the r e requireme value calcu

ons in la

olution of pe rature for ye ial, either p rmance and 0 batches o gion), comp Winter 22.8 2654 2904 4.96 6.26 10.2 8.6 presented i f the requir winter and a requirement ent of four ulated.

actating

erformance ear 2001 in rimiparous d amino-aci of lactating arison of th Spring 23.6 2621 2872 4.89 6.17 10.3 8.8 n figure 8 fo rement calc autumn the t is increase successive

g sows

and requir Toulouse. or multiparo d requireme sows over he results f Summ 26.8 247 272 4.65 5.87 10.9 9.2 for digestibl culated by difference ed up to 4% e batches rements of Twelve ba ous were s ent. The res

four seaso for primipar mer A 8 73 24 5 7 9 2 e lysine. InraPorc is rather % in the of pigs, lactating atches of imulated sults are ns (year rous and Autumn 24.5 2578 2828 4.82 6.08 10.5 8.9

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As expe 4°C diff °C). Co primipa respect The evo requirem respect compar Figure lysine

5. Co

This dec the pos differen may be will be descript results i

6. Lit

Dourma InraPorc Techno ected, the a ferences in mpared to w rous and m ively. olution of d ment is hig ively) and red to winte e 10. Evolut requiremen

onclusi

cision supp ssibility to t feeding s entered in to take be tion of anim in tables an

teratur

ad, J. Y., E c: a mode l. 143, 372-average tem average in winter, aver multiparous digestible ly gher in pri increases d r season (fi

tion over the nt of 10 suc

ion and

port tool has

re cited

Etienne, M., l and decis -386. mperatures ndoor temp rage litter g sows, resp ysine requir imiparous t during sum gure 10). e year of litt ccessive ba

d persp

s been deve he effect o nd animal file. Howev e InraPorc al feed com

d

Valancogn sion suppo indoor and perature bet growth rate pectively, a rement per than in mu mmer, espe ter weight g atches of pr

pective

eloped using of different profiles. Th ver, the inte platform, w mposition an

ne, A., Dub ort tool for

outdoor va tween sum is reduced and daily fe r kg feed in ultiparous s cially in Ju gain,, and s imiparous o

es

ary with the mer and w in winter by eed intake b

n presented sows (10,5 uly and Aug

ow feed inta or multiparo modeling p ituations in ata required still be impr rs a friendl strategy, an an Milgen, J on of sows e season wi winter (26.8 y 6.8% and by 310 and d in figure 5 versus 8 gust, by ab

ake and dig ous lactating platform. Th n combinat d for the si roved. The ly interface nd the form J., Noblet, s. Anim. Fe th about vs 22.8 6.2% in d 390 g, 10. The 8,9 g/kg, bout 8% gestible g sows. his offers tion with mulation strategy e for the atting of J. 2008. eed Sci.

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Renaud ambient 2220-22 Renaud Adaptat Animal, Rigolot pigs an feeding van Mil InraPorc Techno deau D., Go t temperatu 230. deau D., Co tion to hot 6, 707-728 C., Espagn d NH3, N2O and perform lgen, J., V c: a model l. 143, 387-ourdine J. L ure on grow ollin A., Ya climate an 8. nol S., Pom O and CH4 mance. Ani Valancogne, and decisio -405. L., St-Pierre wth perform ahava S., d nd strategie mar C., Dou emissions. mal, 4, 140 A., Duboi on support t e N. R., 201 mance of g de Basillio es to allevi urmad J-Y. Part I: ani 01-1412. is, S., Dou tool for the

11. A meta-growing-fini V., Gourdi iate heat s 2010. Mode imal excreti urmad, J.Y. nutrition of -analysis of shing pigs. ne J. L., C stress in liv eling of ma ion and ent

., Sève B., growing pig f the effects . J. Anim. Collier R. J vestock pro anure produ teric CH4, , Noblet, J gs. Anim. F s of high Sci, 89, J., 2012. oduction. uction by effect of J., 2008. Feed Sci.