Reinvestigation Of Essential Oil Content Of Thapsia Garganica Grown In The East Of Algeria

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(1)Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ISSN 1112-9867 Available online at. http://www.jfas.info. REINVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT OF THAPSIA GARGANICA GROWN IN THE EAST OF ALGERIA S. Ladjel, A. Zellagui and N. Gherraf* Laboratory of Biomolecules and Plant Breeding, University of Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria Received: 19 November 2011 / Accepted: 29 December 2011 / Published online: 31 December 2011. ABSTRACT Thapsia garganica is a very famous medicinal plant known especially for its therapeutic effects such as diuretic, emetic and purgative. A resin is extracted with alcohol from the bark of the root. The plant has been considered specific in treating pain, though caution is advised since it is poisonous to some mammals. The plant is also strongly rubefacient, producing blisters and intense itching. In the present study, we have undertaken a Reinvestigation of essential oil content of this widely used plant because of its important bioactive effect to heal many ailments. Key words: Thapsia garganica, medicinal plant, essential oil, GC-MS.. 1. INTRODUCTION Members of the Apiaceae family are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, where they are generally used commercially as spices or drugs because of the presence of useful secondary metabolites. The most characteristic constituents are coumarins, essential oils and sesquiterpene lactones. Among the genera belonging to the Apiaceae, Thapsia has, in recent years, been the subject of a great deal of interest. Intensive chemotaxonomic studies have been performed in order to investigate the distributionof specific bioactive polyoxygenated guaianolides, named thapsigargins.. Author Correspondence, e-mail: ngherraf@yahoo.com ICID: 1020751.

(2) S. Ladjel et al.. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2011, 3(2), 165-168. 166. Previous studies on the secondary etabolites of the genus Thapsia have shown clear variationsbetween, and also within the species. Chemotaxonomicstudies have revealed that T. garganica and T. transtagana are separate species and that T. maxima includes two morphological types. As an extension of the chemical investigation of the genus Thapsia, we report the composition of the essential oils from the visible parts of T. garganica grown in khenchela east of Algeria.. 2. EQUIPMENTS AND METHODS The three aerial parts of Thapsia garganica were collected in April in outskirts of khenchela about 500 km east of Algiers. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium in the biology department, Oum Elbouaghi University. 100 g of each part was dried under shade and subjected to hydrodistillation procedure as described in many references, to give 0.32g, 0.29g and 0.22 g of essential oil from flowers, leaves and stems respectively.. 3. ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) The oil was analyzed by GC/MS using a Agilent 5973EI mass selective detector coupled with a Agilent GC6890A gas chromatograph, equipped with a cross-linked 5% PH ME siloxane HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 ìm). Operating conditions were as follows: carrier gas, helium with a flow rate of 1mL/min; column temperature 50 °C for 1 mn, 50°C to 150°C ( 3 °C /mn), 150°C to 250°C ( 5°C/mn) then isothermal for 5 mn. Injector and detector temperatures, 280ºC; split ratio, 1:50. The MS operating parameters were as follows: ionization potential, 70 ev; ionization current, 2 A; ion source temperature, 200ºC; resolution, 1000.. Identification of components Identification of oil components was achieved based on their retention indices RI, determined with reference to a homologous series of normal alkanes, and by comparison of their mass spectral fragmentation patterns with those reported in the literature and stored on the MS library (NIST database). The concentration of the.

(3) S. Ladjel et al.. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2011, 3(2), 165-168. 167. identified compounds was computed from the GC peak area without any correction factor [11]. 4. RESULTS The results of GC and GC-EI-mass spectral analysis of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of three parts of the plant (stems, leaves and flowers) are shown in table1:. Table 1. Composition of the aerial parts essential oils Components. flowers. Leaves. stems. Type. 1. α-Pinene. 2. β-Pinene. 0.02 0.12. T 0.06. t 0.05. Hydrocarbon monoterpene Hydrocarbon monoterpene. 3. Sabinene. 0.12. 0.05. 0.13. Hydrocarbon monoterpene. 4. Myrcene. 0.11. 0.10. 0.13. Hydrocarbon monoterpene. 5. Limonene. 5.30. 5.15. 4.88. Hydrocarbon monoterpene. 6. β-Phellandrene. 0.10. 0.09. t. Hydrocarbon monoterpene. 7. γ-Terpinene. 0.47. 1.05. 0.53. Hydrocarbon monoterpene. 8. p-Cymene. 1.70. 1.09. 0.36. Hydrocarbon monoterpene. 9. 1,4-dimethylazulene. 06.57. 06.31. 06.18. Hydrocarbon Sesquiterpene. 10. cis-Linalool oxide. 0.20. 0.03. 0.03. Oxygenated monoterpene. 11. trans-Linalool oxide. 0.10. 0.04. 0.02. Oxygenated monoterpene. 12. Benzaldehyde. 0.06. -. -. -. 13. Linalool. 7.20. 6.47. 6.10. Oxygenated monoterpene. 14. Terpinen-4-ol. 0.03. 0.02. 0.03. Oxygenated monoterpene. 15. Linalyl acetate. -. T. 0.06. Oxygenated monoterpene. 16. Geranial. t. -. -. Oxygenated monoterpene. 17. Methylcarvacrol. -. T. 0.10. Oxygenated monoterpene. 18. Carvone. -. -. -. Oxygenated monoterpene. 19. Neryl acetate. 0.28. 0.22. 0.17. Oxygenated monoterpene. 20. p-vinylguaiacol. 62.31. 61.61. 59.03. Oxygenated monoterpene. 21. Geraniol. 1.08. 1.17. 1.54. Oxygenated monoterpene. 22. cis-Carveol. -. -. -. Oxygenated monoterpene. 23. Caryophyllene oxide. 0.10. 0.26. t. Oxygenated Sesquiterpene. 24. Methyl eugenol. 0.10. 0.03. 0.09. Oxygenated monoterpene. 25. Methylionone. 0.10. -. -. Oxygenated Sesquiterpene. 26. Elemicin. -. 0.23. 0.06. Oxygenated monoterpene.

(4) S. Ladjel et al.. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2011, 3(2), 165-168. 168. 5. DISCUSSION The composition profiles showed notable quantitative and qualitative differences between the plant parts. The essential oil is composed mainly of monoterpenes. The dominant constituent in the plant parts is p-vinylguaiacol, which makes up 59-63% of the oil followed by Linalool and 1,4-dimethylazulene with 6-8% and 6-7% respectively. Other compounds are present in different amounts ranging from traces to 6 %. Some components are absent in one part but appear in another part in little amounts. Moreover, it is noticed that the monoterpenes are strongly dominating the overall oil composition where the p-vinylguaiacol represents more than 60%.. 6. REFERENCES [1] Liu H., Olsen C. E., Christensen S. B. J Nat Prod. 2004, 67(9), 1439-40. [2] Gonzalez A., Granados M. P., Pariente J. A., Salido G. M. Neurochem Res. 2006, 31(6), 741-50. [3] Zhang H. N., Zhou J. G., Qiu Q. Y., Ren J. L., Guan Y.Y. Apoptosis. 2006, 11(3), 327-36. [4] Christensen S. B., Norup E., Rasmussen U. and Madsen J. 0. Phytochemistry. 1984, 23, 1659. [5] Christensen S. B., Rasmussen U. and Christ-ophersen C. Tetrahedron Letters. 1980, 21, 3829. [6] Juan J., Rubala F. J. et al. Phytochemistry. 2007, 68, 2480 -2486. [7] Huizhen L. K. et al. Phytochemistry. 2006, 67, 2651-2658. [8] Juan J. R. et al. Tetrahedron. 2004, 60, 159 -164. [9] Saouf A. et al. Phytochemistry. 2006, 67, 800 -804. [10] Smitt U. W., Cornett C. et al. Phytochemistry. 1990, 29(3), 873-875. [11] Adams R. P. 2007, Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th Ed. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois.. How to cite this article Ladjel S, Zellagui A and Gherraf N. Reinvestigation of essential oil content of Thapsia Garganica grown in the east of Algeria. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2011, 3(2), 165-168..

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