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Coupling of living polystyryllithium anions and living polyethyl vinyl ether cations

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Polymer Bulletin 33, 21-28 (1994)

Polymer Bulletin

9 Springer-Verlag 1994

Coupling of living polystyryllithium anions and living polyethyl

vinyl ether cations

S. Creutz, C. Vandooren, R. Jdr6me*, and P. Teyssie

Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liege, Sart-Tilman, B6, B-4000 Li6ge, Belgium

S u m m a r y L i v i n g p o l y s t y r y l l i t h i u m a n i o n s a n d l i v i n g p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r c a t i o n s h a v e b e e n s u c c e s s f u l l y c o u p l e d . Indeed, no r e s i d u e of a n y of t h e t w o o r i g i n a l h o m o p o l y m e r s is o b s e r v e d in t h e f i n a l p r o d u c t , w h e n t h e y a r e u s e d in a s t o i c h i o m e t r i c a m o u n t T h i s m e t h o d h a s b e e n e x p l o i t e d in o r d e r to s y n t h e s i z e A B a n d A B A p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r (PEVE) (A) / p o l y s t y r e n e (PSt) (B) b l o c k c o p o l y m e r s w i t h a h i g h e f f i c i e n c y . I n t r o d u c t i o n D i s c o v e r y of t h e l i v i n g a n i o n i c p o l y m e r i z a t i o n b y S z w a r c in 1956 (i) h a s r e s u l t e d in a t r e m e n d o u s r e s e a r c h e f f o r t a i m i n g at t h e m o l e c u l a r t a i l o r i n g of p o l y m e r i c m a t e r i a l s . In c o n t r a s t , the m o l e c u l a r d e s i g n of p o l y m e r s b y a l i v i n g c a t i o n i c m e c h a n i s m h a s b e e n n e x t to i m p o s s i b l e f o r a long t i m e . H o w e v e r , t h e p i o n e e r i n g w o r k s of H i g a s h i m u r a et al. (2) a n d K e n n e d y et al. (3) h a v e r e c e n t l y o p e n e d r e m a r k a b l e r o u t e s t o t h e c a r b o c a t i o n i c m a c r o m o l e c u l a r e n g i n e e r i n g . F o r i n s t a n c e , v i n y l e t h e r s can b e p o l y m e r i z e d b y a c o m b i n a t i o n of a p r o t o n i c a c i d ( H B ) a n d a L e w i s a c i d ( M X n ) T h e a c t u a l i n i t i a t o r is t h e a d d u c t of t h e v i n y l e t h e r a n d t h e p r o t o n i c a c i d (equation i) , the C - B l i n k a g e of w h i c h is a c t i v a t e d b y t h e L e w i s a c i d . 5 § 5" H B MX~

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O R O R O R H i g a s h i m u r a et al. (2) h a v e c o n v i n c i n g l y d e m o n s t r a t e d the p o s s i b l e t a i l o r i n g of p o l y a l k y l v i n y l e t h e r s b y c a t i o n i c p o l y m e r i z a t i o n i n i t i a t e d w i t h t h e H I / Z n I 2 p a i r O n e of t h e a d v a n t a g e s of this l i v i n g p o l y m e r i z a t i o n is t h e s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d s y n t h e s i s of e n d - f u n c t i o n a l p o l y v i n y l e t h e r s b y r e a c t i o n of the c a t i o n i c a c t i v e c e n t e r s w i t h a n u c l e o p h i l i c a g e n t , s u c h as a n a l c o h o l a n d t h e a n i o n of d i e t h y l m a l o n a t e (4) _ A p o l y m e r i c n u c l e o p h i l e m i g h t a l s o b e u s e d as i l l u s t r a t e d b y t h e c o u p l i n g r e a c t i o n of c a t i o n i c a l l y p o l y m e r i z e d l i v i n g p o l y ( T H F ) a n d l i v i n g a n i o n i c p o l y s t y r e n e (5). T o the b e s t k n o w l e d g e of t h e s e authors, *Corresponding author

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o n l y t w o r e s e a r c h g r o u p s h a v e r e p o r t e d so f a r o n t h e s u c c e s s f u l c o u p l i n g r e a c t i o n of a l i v i n g poll/vinyl e t h e r w i t h a m a c r o m o l e c u l a r s p e c i e s R i f f l e et al. h a v e q u e n c h e d l i v i n g

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e t h e r w i t h l i v i n g p o l y ( m e t h y l m e t h a c r y l a t e ) as p r e p a r e d b y G T P (6) K ! e u s k e n s et al. h a v e u s e d a l o w m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t p o l y ( e t h y l e n e ' g l y c o l ) as a q u e n c h e r f o r l i v i n g p o l y v i n y l e t h e r c h a i n s (7) . H o w e v e r , t h i s c o u p l i n g r e a c t i o n l e a d s t o t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a n a c e t a l b o n d b e t w e e n t h e t w o b l o c k s , w h i c h is k n o w n t o b e u n s t a b l e u n d e r a c i d i c c o n d i t i o n s . T h i s p a p e r w i l l e m p h a s i z e h o w e f f i c i e n t t h e c o u p l i n g of l i v i n g p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r c a t i o n s a n d l i v i n g p o l y s t y r e n e a n i o n s c a n b e ( e q u a t i o n 2 ) I n d e e d , A B a n d A B A p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r (A) / p o l y s t y r e n e (B) b l o c k c o p o l y m e r s h a v e b e e n p r e p a r e d w i t h a h i g h e f f i c i e n c y , as s u p p o r t e d b y m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t a n d c o m p o s i t i o n c l o s e to t h e e x p e c t e d v a l u e s a n d a v e r y n a r r o w m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t d i s t r i b u t i o n . c ~ cH, ~ ~" / - ZnI~ I ~ C H ~ - C H - - I - - Z n l 2 + ~v~CH2-CH--CHa-C" Li § ~ ~ C H 2 - C H - - C ~ - C - - C H - - C H 2 ~ I

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C H 3 C ~ E x D e r i m ~ n t a ! A 57% H I a q u e o u s s o l u t i o n (Aldrich) w a s d r i e d o v e r P205 (Merck). H y d r o g e n i o d i d e w a s t h e n d i s s o l v e d in d r y n . h e x a n e a n d t h e s o l u t i o n w a s s t o r e d in t h e d a r k at -!8~ u n d e r d r y n i t r o g e n . T h e H I c o n c e n t r a t i o n w a s d e t e r m i n e d b y e x t r a c t i n g t h e a c i d w i t h d e i o n i z e d w a t e r a n d t i t r a t i n g t h e a q u e o u s l a y e r w i t h a s t a n d a r d N a O H s o l u t i o n (8) A k n o w n a m o u n t of z i n c i o d i d e (Aldrich) was d r i e d o v e r n i g h t u n d e r v a c u u m in t h e d a r k a n d d i s s o l v e d in a k n o w n v o l u m e of d r y d i e t h y l e t h e r . T h e s o l u t i o n w a s k e p t in t h e d a r k at -!8~ u n d e r d r y n i t r o g e n u n t i l u s e (9). N . h e x a n e , t o l u e n e a n d e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r (Merck) w e r e d r i e d o v e r c a l c i u m h y d r i d e a n d d i s t i l l e d b e f o r e use. D i e t h y l e t h e r w a s d r i e d o v e r s o d i u m p r i o r t o d i s t i l l a t i o n . T H F w a s p u r i f i e d b y r e f l u x i n g o v e r a f r e s h l y p r e p a r e d s o d i u m - b e n z o p h e n o n e c o m p l e x A l l c h e m i c a l s w e r e a n a l y t i c a l r e a g e n t g r a d e o r e q u i v a l e n t . S t y r e n e a n d ~ - M e t h y l s t y r e n e w e r e f i r s t v a c u u m d i s t i l l e d f r o m c a l c i u m h y d r i d e a n d t h e n s t o r e d u n d e r a n i t r o g e n a t m o s p h e r e a t -20~ T h e r e q u i r e d a m o u n t of s t y r e n e w a s f i r s t a d d e d w i t h t h e s a m e v o l u m e of d r y t o l u e n e a n d a f e w d r o p s of 5- M e t h y l s t y r e n e . T h i s s o l u t i o n w a s d r o p w i s e a d d e d w i t h f l u o r e n y l - l i t h i u m u n t i l a p e r s i s t e n t o r a n g e c o l o r w a s o b s e r v e d a n d it w a s f i n a l l y d i s t i l l e d u n d e r r e d u c e d p r e s s u r e j u s t p r i o r t o p o l y m e r i z a t i o n . P o l y m e r i z a t i o n w a s c a r r i e d out u n d e r d r y n i t r o g e n i n b a l l o o n s e q u i p p e d w i t h t h r e e - w a y s t o p c o c k s . A l l g l a s s w a r e w a s f l a m e d u n d e r v a c u u m b e f o r e u s e . S o l u t i o n s w e r e t r a n s f e r r e d w i t h

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s t a i n l e s s s t e e l c a p i l l a r i e s o r w i t h g l a s s s y r i n g e s t h r o u g h a r u b b e r s e p t u m . E t h y l V i n y l E t h e r P o l v m e r i z a t i o n : T h e d e s i r e d a m o u n t o f H I w a s a d d e d t o a d r y s o l u t i o n o f e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r i n t o l u e n e (4% w e i g h t / v o l u m e ) p r e v i o u s l y c o o l e d d o w n t o -30 ~ . I t w a s a l l o w e d t o r e a c t f o r 15 m i n u t e s . Z i n c i o d i d e w a s t h e n a d d e d ( [ H I ] 0 / [ Z n I 2 ] 0 = i0) a n d t h e p o l y m e r i z a t i o n w a s a l l o w e d t o p r o c e e d u n t i l t h e n e a r l y c o m p l e t e c o n v e r s i o n of t h e m o n o m e r . A n a l i q u o t of t h i s l i v i n g p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r s o l u t i o n w a s w i t h d r a w n a n d q u e n c h e d w i t h m e t h a n o l f o r c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r . S t y r e n e D o l v m e r i z a t i o n : O n e d r o p o f ~ - M e t h y l s t y r e n e w a s a d d e d t o t h e r e q u e s t e d v o l u m e o f T H F (5% w e i g h t p o l y m e r / v o l u m e T H E ) , w h i c h w a s t h e n c o o l e d d o w n t o -78 ~ . T h e s o l v e n t w a s d r o p w i s e a d d e d w i t h s e c . B u L i u n t i l a p e r s i s t e n t r e d c o l o r w a s o b s e r v e d a n d t h e r e q u i r e d a m o u n t o f t h i s i n i t i a t o r w a s t h e n a d d e d , f o l l o w e d b y a d i l u t e s t y r e n e s o l u t i o n i n t o l u e n e . T h e t y p i c a l o r a n g e c o l o r of t h e p o l y s t y r y l a n i o n f i r s t a p p e a r e d a n d w a s r a p i d l y r e p l a c e d b y t h e d e e p r e d c o l o r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e ~ - M e t h y l s t y r y l a n i o n . D i f u n c t i o n a l p o l y s t y r e n e w a s p o l y m e r i z e d i n t h e s a m e w a y b y u s i n g n a p h t h a l e n y l l i t h i u m a s a d i f u n c t i o n a l i n i t i a t o r . C o u p l i n g r e a c t i o n : S o l u t i o n o f p o l y s t y r y l l i t h i u m a t - 7 8 ~ w a s q u i c k l y t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r s o l u t i o n , b y u s i n g a s t a i n l e s s s t e e l c a p i l l a r y . D i s c o l o r a t i o n of t h e p o l y a n i o n o c c u r r e d i n s t a n t a n e o u s l y . T h e a d d i t i o n w a s s t o p p e d a s s o o n a s a s l i g h t l y p e r s i s t e n t c o l o r a t i o n w a s o b s e r v e d . T h e f i n a l s o l u t i o n w a s q u e n c h e d t e n m i n u t e s l a t e r w i t h d e g a s s e d m e t h a n o l . C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n : S i z e e x c l u s i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y (SEC) w a s c a r r i e d o u t i n T H F a t 45~ u s i n g a H e w l e t t - P a c k a r d 1 0 9 0 l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h e q u i p p e d w i t h f o u r P L G e l C o l u m n s ( i 0 0 , 5 0 0 , i 0 0 0 0 a n d i 0 0 0 0 0 A ) , a H e w l e t t - P a c k a r d I 0 3 7 A R e f r a c t i v e I n d e x D e t e c t o r a n d a U V d i o d e a r r a y d e t e c t o r p o l y s t y r e n e s t a n d a r d s w e r e u s e d f o r c a l i b r a t i o n . IH a n d

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~ s p e c t r a w e r e r e c o r d e d a t 4 0 0 a n d i 0 0 M H z , r e s p e c t i v e l y , w i t h a Br/~ker A N ~ 0 0 s u p e r

conducting

m a g n e t e q u i p m e n t . R e s u l t s a n d d i s c u s s i Q n T h e l i v i n g p o l y m e r i z a t i o n o f e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r h a s b e e n i n i t i a t e d w i t h H I / Z n I 2 a t -30~ i n t o l u e n e , a s r e p o r t e d b y H i g a s h i m u r a et a l . ( 1 0 ) . M o l e c u l a r w e i g h t o f t h e p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r a t c o m p l e t e m o n o m e r c o n v e r s i o n is e x p e c t e d l y i n a g o o d a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e t h e o r e t i c a l v a l u e b a s e d o n t h e m o n o m e r t o i n i t i a t o r m o l a r r a t i o . S t y r e n e p o l y m e r i z a t i o n h a s b e e n i n i t i a t e d i n T H F a t -78~ w i t h s e c - b u t y l l i t h i u m . I n o r d e r t o i m p r o v e t h e o b s e r v a t i o n of t h e e n d p o i n t a d d i t i o n of p o l y s t y r y l l i t h i u m t o t h e l i v i n g p o l y v i n y l e t h e r s o l u t i o n ( p e r s i s t e n t c o l o r a t i o n ) , t h e l i v i n g p o l y s t y r e n e c h a i n s h a v e b e e n e n d c a p p e d w i t h a f e w 5 - M e t h y l s t y r e n e u n i t s , t h e a n i o n o f w h i c h is m o r e e a s i l y d e t e c t e d d u e t o a d e e p r e d c o l o r a t i o n c o m p a r e d t o a l i g h t o r a n g e o n e f o r t h e s t y r y l l i t h i u m a n i o n . It i s t h e r e a s o n w h y s t y r e n e h a s b e e n

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I (PSt-b-PEVE) J . . . J ~ . - _ ... ... , . (?St-b-PEVE) . . . . . . ~ . . . J ~EVE) ... E l u t i o n v o l u m e E l u t i o n v o l u m e F i g u r e 1 : S E C c h r o m a t o g r a m s o f p o l y ( S t - b - E V E ) ( M n = 6 0 0 0 ; M w / M n = l . l ) a) R I d e t e c t i o n a n d b) U V d e t e c t i o n a t I = 2 5 5 n m , a t w h i c h P E V E d o e s n o t a b s o r b a d d e d w i t h a f e w p e r c e n t s of ~ - M e t h y l s t y r e n e u n i t s b e f o r e i n i t i a t i o n S t y r e n e is f i r s t p o l y m e r i z e d a n d t h e n e n d c a p p e d w i t h ~ - M e t h y l s t y r e n e (ii) . T h u s l i v i n g p o l y s t y r e n e , at -78~ , is a d d e d t o l i v i n g p o l y v i n y l e t h e r , c o o l e d d o w n t o -30~ , u n t i l a s l i g h t c o l o r a t i o n is p e r m a n e n t l y o b s e r v e d T h e a m o u n t of t h e a d d e d l i v i n g p o l y s t y r e n e is v e r y c l o s e to t h e p r e v i o u s l y c a l c u l a t e d s t o i c h i o m e t r i c a m o u n t T h e f i n a l p r o d u c t is r e c o v e r e d b y t h e c o m p l e t e r e m o v a l of t h e s o l v e n t a n d a n a l y z e d b y S E C w i t h o u t a n y f u r t h e r p u r i f i c a t i o n , so t h a t t h e e x t e n t of t h e c o u p l i n g r e a c t i o n c a n b e e s t i m a t e d f r o m t h e S E C t r a c e s of t h e i n d i v i d u a l p o l y m e r i c c o m p o n e n t s a n d t h e c r u d e r e a c t i o n p r o d u c t T w o d i b l o c k c o p o l y m e r s h a v e s u c c e s s f u l l y b e e n s y n t h e s i z e d (Table I). A s s h o w n in f i g u r e i , t h e p r e s e n c e of a n y of t h e t w o o r i g i n a l h o m o p o l y m e r s c a n n o t b e d e t e c t e d b y S E C , w h a t e v e r t h e d e t e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e , i.e. r e f r a c t i v e i n d e x ( R.I. ) o r U V at 255 n m . IH a n d 13C N M R c o n f i r m s t h e e x p e c t e d c o m p o s i t i o n , w h i c h p r o v e s t h a t t h e e n d p o i n t a d d i t i o n of p o l y s t y r y l l i t h i u m t o p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r a l l o w s t h e r e a c t i o n s t o i c h i o m e t r y to b e r e a c h e d v e r y c l o s e l y ( Figs. 2 a n d 3 ) . M o l e c u l a r w e i g h t of t h e p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r b l o c k h a s b e e n f i r s t a p p r o x i m a t e d b y S E C ( p o l y s t y r e n e c a l i b r a t i o n ) a n d t h e n c a l c u l a t e d b y :H N M R s p e c t r o s c o p y . In t h i s r e s p e c t , t h e i n t e n s i t y of t h e a c e t a l p r o t o n of t h e p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r e n d - g r o u p , t h a t o r i g i n a t e s f r o m t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e q u e n c h i n g of t h e l i v i n g c h a i n s w i t h m e t h a n o l ( -C~-(O-CH2-C~3)-O-CH 3 : 4.6 p p m ) has b e e n c o m p a r e d t o t h e i n t e n s i t y of t h e p r o t o n s of t h e r e p e a t u n i t ( -C~-(-0- C~2-CH3)- : 3.3-3.8 ppm). T h e r e is a g o o d a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n the t w o m e t h o d s , a l t h o u g h SEC o v e r e s t i m a t e s t h e p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t .

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T a b l e I (PSt-b-PEVE) (PSt-b-PEVE) (PEVE-b-PSt-b-PEVE)

I

PSt

/via Molecular weight (SEC) distribution 4500 1.1 8500 1.05

PEVE

Mn M o[~--ular weight (SEC) (NMR) distribution 2000 1700 1.l 2000 1700 1.I 50(30 1.1 * .% (PSt) = ( Mn sEc(PSt) / ( ( Mn sm(PSt) + Mn N,',m ( P E V E ) ) ) * 100 2500 2100 1.05 Copolymer

Mn Molecular The~retkal Observed weight composition composition (SEC) distribution * t H NMR PSt-PEVE (wt % ) 6000 1.1 7 3 - 2 7 7 6 - 2 4 10500 1.05 83 - 17 82 - 18 1 0 O ( ~ 1,1 5 5 - 4 5 6 0 - 4 0 C K C I 3 a b c d e

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' i . . . . I . . . . i . . . . 8 . 8 7 . 8 S . 0 , ! 8 ~ ! 8 2 . 8 ' ' " ' ' t . 8 ' 8 ~ PP~

Figure 2: IH N M R spectrum (400MHz) of poly(St-b-EVE) (Mn = 6000; Mw/Mn=l.l)

S i n c e f o r m a t i o n of a d i b l o c k c o p o l y m e r b y c o u p l i n g l i v i n g p o l y s t y r y l a n i o n s a n d l i v i n g p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r c a t i o n s h a s p r o v e d t o b e h i g h l y e f f i c i e n t w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s of t h e s e n s i t i v i t y of S E C a n d N M R , s y n t h e s i s of a t r i b l o c k c o p o l y m e r h a s b e e n c o n s i d e r e d , in w h i c h a n i n n e r p o l y s t y r e n e b l o c k is c o v a l e n t l y b o n d e d t o p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r o u t e r s e q u e n c e s .

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b,c d CDCl 3 a CH~ J g e , f , h j r ~ K

Figure 3:13C lqlvIR spectrum (100MHz) of poly(St-b-EVE) ( IVirl=6000 ; Mw/M~n=l.l)

L i v i n g d i f u n c t i o n a l p o l y s t y r e n e c h a i n s h a v e b e e n a d d e d t o a s o l u t i o n of l i v i n g m o n o f u n c t i o n a l p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r c h a i n s as r e p o r t e d f o r t h e s y n t h e s i s of d i b l o c k s . In o r d e r t o a v o i d t h e p o s s i b l e c o n t a m i n a t i o n of t h e f i n a l p r o d u c t b y s o m e u n d e s i r a b l e d i b l o c k , t h e s e p a r a t i o n of w h i c h w o u l d b e q u i t e a p r o b l e m , p o l y s t y r e n e h a s b e e n u s e d in a s m a l l e r a m o u n t - b y ca. 10% - t h a n r e q u e s t e d b y the c o u p l i n g r e a c t i o n s t o i c h i o m e t r y . T h e t r i b l o c k c o p o l y m e r a p p e a r s to b e f o r m e d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y w i t h r e s p e c t t o p o l y s t y r e n e . The s i z e e x c l u s i o n c h r o m a t o g r a m of t h e c r u d e r e a c t i o n p r o d u c t (figure 4a) i n d e e d s h o w s s o m e u n r e a c t e d p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r , a l t h o u g h the p r e s e n c e of h o m o p o l y s t y r e n e a n d a p o s s i b l e d i b l o c k c a n n o t b e d e t e c t e d T h e e x c e s s of p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r c a n b e e a s i l y r e m o v e d b y t h e s e l e c t i v e p r e c i p i t a t i o n of the c o p o l y m e r in m e t h a n o l i.e. a s e l e c t i v e s o l v e n t of p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r . F i g u r e s 4 b a n d 4c s h o w that t h e p u r e t r i b l o c k is t h e n r e c o v e r e d .

9 m m m / m a i g ~

S i n c e c o u p l i n g of l i v i n g p o l y e t h y l v i n y l e t h e r c a t i o n s a n d l i v i n g p o l y s t y r e n e a n i o n s c a n b e c a r r i e d o u t in a h i g h l y e f f i c i e n t w a y , t h e i n t e r e s t in t h i s b l o c k c o p o l y m e r i z a t i o n t e c h n i q u e m i g h t b e r e n e w e d . I n d e e d , c o u p l i n g of c a t i o n i c a l l y a n d a n i o n i c a l l y p o l y m e r i z e d l i v i n g c h a i n s is a p o t e n t i a l r o u t e to w e l l - d e f i n e d b l o c k c o p o l y m e r s , t h a t h a s b e e n r a p i d l y d i s r e g a r d e d m o s t l y d u e to a l i m i t e d e f f i c i e n c y . T h e h e r e i n r e p o r t e d m e t h o d m i g h t b e e x t e n d e d to l i v i n g p o l y a n i o n s t h a t c a n

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b e e n d c a p p e d w i t h ~ - M e t h y l s t y r e n e , e.g. p o l y a n i o n s d e r i v e d f r o m i s o p r e n e , b u t a d i e n e , s t y r e n e d e r i v a t i v e s a n d ~ - M e t h y l s t y r e n e itself (ii) . V a r i o u s p o l y ( a l k y l v i n y l ethers) a n d p o l y ( f l u o r i n a t e d v i n y l ethers) m i g h t b e p a r t of d i b l o c k s of a v a l u a b l e s u r f a c e or i n t e r f a c i a l a c t i v i t y . T h e y c o u l d a l s o p a r t i c i p a t e t o the b u i l d i n g up to t r i b l o c k c o p o l y m e r s t h a t h a v e p o t e n t i a l as n e w t h e r m o p l a s t i c e l a s t o m e r s .

a)

7 E l u t i o n v o l u m e 3 ~

Figures 4 : SEC chromatograms of

poly(EVE-b-St-b-EVE) ( Mn=10000;

~w/Mn = l.l )

a) crude product before precipi- tation. After precipitation : b) RI detection and c) U V d e t e c t i o n at I=255 nm , at which PEVE does not absorb

fill

il I J! 9 / ... ... 1 8 2.~ 3 8 I 0 2 8 3EI E l u t i o n v o l u m e E l u t i o n v o l u m e A c k n o w l e d u e m e n t s T h e a u t h o r s a r e g r a t e f u l to t h e " I n s t i t u t p o u r l ' E n c o u r a g e m e n t de la R e c h e r c h e S c i e n t i f i q u e d a n s l ' I n d u s t r i e et l ' A g r i c u l t u r e " for a f e l l o w s h i p to one of t h e m (C.V.) . T h e y a r e a l s o g r a t e f u l to t h e " S e r v i c e d e la Prograr~nation de la p o l i t i q u e S c i e n t i f i q u e " for g e n e r a l s u p p o r t in the f r a m e of t h e "Pole d ' a t t r a c t i o n I n t e r u n i v e r s i t a i r e : P o l y m ~ r e s "

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R e f e r e n c e s

1 a)Szwarc,M.,Levy,M.,Milkovich, R., J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,78,2656, (1956); b)Szwarc,M.,Nature, 178,1168, (1956)

2 Sawamoto,M.,Prog. Polym. Sci.,16,111, (1991)

3 Ivan,B. and Kennedy,J.p., " D e s i g n e d Polymers b y Carbocationic M a c r o m o l e c u l a r E n g i n e e r i n g : T h e o r y and Practice ",Hanser,Munich

(1991)

4 As a recent review see:Ivan,B.and Kennedy, J.P.,Ind.J.Technol., 31,183,(1993)

5 R i c h a r d s , D . H . , K i n g s t o n , S . B . a n d Souel,T.,Polymer,!~,68, (1978) 6 V e r m a , A . , N i e l s e n , A . , M c G r a t h , J . E . a n d Riffle,J.S.,Polymer Bulle-

tin,2_l,563,(1990)

7 Loontjens,T.,Derks,F. and K l e u s k e n s , E , P o l y m e r Bulletin, 27,519, (1992)

8 Miyamoto,M.,Sawamoto,M. a n d Higashimura,T., Macromolecules,17,

265,(1984)

9 Sawamoto,M.,Okamoto,C. and Higashimura,T., Macromolecules, 20,

2693,(1987)

i0 Kojima,K.,Sawamoto,M. and Higashimura,T., Macromolecules, 22, 1552,(1989)

ii Teyssi~. Ph., J~r6me, R., Ouhadi,T. and Fayt,R. , U.S. Patent 4,461,874, (1984)

Figure

Figure  2:  IH  N M R   spectrum  (400MHz)  of  poly(St-b-EVE)  (Mn =  6000;  Mw/Mn=l.l)  S i n c e   f o r m a t i o n   of  a  d i b l o c k   c o p o l y m e r   b y   c o u p l i n g   l i v i n g   p o l y s t y r y l   a n i o n s   a n d   l i v i n
Figure  3:13C lqlvIR  spectrum  (100MHz) of  poly(St-b-EVE)  ( IVirl=6000 ; Mw/M~n=l.l)  L i v i n g   d i f u n c t i o n a l   p o l y s t y r e n e   c h a i n s   h a v e   b e e n   a d d e d   t o   a  s o l u t i o n   of  l i v i n g   m o n o f u

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