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The role of bees in interaction networks with plants as a conservation argument

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FLORIANE JACQUEMIN1,2, CYRILLEVIOLLE2, FRANÇOISMUNOZ3, GRÉGORYMAHY1, PIERRERASMONT4,

DENISMICHEZ4, NICOLAS.J. VEREECKEN5, STUARTP.M. ROBERTS6, SARAHVRAY4& MARCDUFRÊNE1

The role of bees in interaction networks with

plants as a conservation argument

1Université de Liège, Belgium; 2CEFE (CNRS), France ; 3Université Grenoble Alpes, France; 4Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium; 5Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium 6University of Reading, UK.

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• Conservation measures based primarily on threatened species lists

• Assessments  species diversityand/or presence of endangered taxa

But…

… taxonomical, ecological, morphological and “well-knowness” bias

… species share space and time with others  frameworks of relationships

LEANDROet al., 2017; BIELLAet al., 2017

Conservation of pollinators

Introducting new criteria and a paradigm shift towards

conserving assemblages and ecological functions

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Introduction M&M Results Formation doctoraleConclusion

• Represent biological interactions  Species = nodes

 Interactions = links • Architecture not random

 supposed relationship between some structural features and stability/robutness against disturbances

 the possibility of investigating species functional roles (niche)

Interaction network analysis

BASCOMPTEet al., 2006; TYLIANAKISet al., 2010; KAISER-BUNBURY& BLÜTHGEN2015; CORBET2000

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 Modular structure

• Tendency of species to interact more together than with species from other modules

• The more a network is modular, the more disturbances may be limited to a module

• Role of species

 Connectivity coefficient (z): standardized nb of links to other species in the module

 Participation coefficient (c): level to which the species is linked to other modules

OLESENet al., 2007; WATTSet al., 2016

Interaction network analysis

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GUIMERA& AMARAL, 2005; OLESENet al., 2007

Introduction M&M Results Formation doctoraleConclusion

Interaction network analysis

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Material & Method

• Continental bioclimatic region of Belgium • Historical database (BDFGM) (> 1900)

• Binary interaction networks between bee and plant species

(1990-2010: 795 interactions between 126 bee sp and 137 plant sp)

• Computation of bipartite network modularity

• Characterization of bee species role in the network according to their cz-coefficients compared to mean cz of species in null models

EUROPEANCOMMISSION2014; GUIMERÀ& AMARAL2005; OLESENet al. 2007; KEMBELet al. 2010

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Introduction Interaction networks Results Formation doctoraleConclusion

JACQUEMINet al., in prep.

L. pallens Ceratina cyanea L. morio B. pascuorum L. fulvicorne L. pauxillum Chelostoma rapunculi 5 module hubs 3 network hubs 5 connectors H. tumulorum A. haemorrhoa A. flavipes L. calceatum B. lucorum B. terrestris

Results

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JACQUEMINet al., in prep. L. pallens Ceratina cyanea L. morio B. pascuorum L. fulvicorne L. pauxillum Chelostoma rapunculi 5 module hubs 3 network hubs 5 connectors H. tumulorum A. haemorrhoa A. flavipes L. calceatum B. lucorum B. terrestris

Results

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Introduction Interaction networks Results Formation doctoraleConclusion

JACQUEMINet al., in prep.

Results

1930-1970 P ar tici pa tion c oe ffic ie n t (c) 1990-2010 1930-1970 1990-2010 Conn ect ivit y coe ffic ie n t (z )

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Network analysis  detecting key species for network cohesiveness

• Large generalists

• Monitoring(checking ecosystem functioning after restoration, sp introduction,...)

• Role of plantsshould be considered in order to identify essential resources

JACQUEMIN et al. (poster n°211Session 3 on 20 September) Spatio-temporal floral resource shifts in Belgium • Bee species currently targeted by conservation measures are peripherals

• High heritage interest  protection of key species could help to preserve the greatest

number of interactions and support many of these species.

TYLIANAKISet al., 2010; KAISER-BUNBURY& BLÜTHGEN2015; LEANDROet al., 2017; BIELLAet al., 2017; GRENIÉet al., 2017; VIOLLEet al., 2017

Conclusion

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Thank you for your attention

Contact: floriane.jacquemin@uliege.be

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