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(1)

Contribution pour la tolérance aux fautes dans

les systèmes distribués

Dr. AMROUNE Mohamed

MCA Université Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa

Président

Dr. HIOUAL Ouassila

MCA Université Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela Examinateur

Dr. GHERZOULI Mohamed

MCA Université Constantine 2, Constantine

Examinateur

Dr. BRADJI Louardi

MCA Université Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa

Examinateur

Pr. BENDJENNA Hakim

Prof

Université Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa

Directeur de thèse

Dr. HEMMAM Soufiane Mounine MCA Université Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela Co-encadreur

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صخلملا

عم

ةمظنأ

ةبسوحلا

ةيعوطلا

،

ابلاغ

ام

نوكت

دراوملا

ةيعوطلا

ءاضعأ

نييداع

وأ

صاخشأ

نوكلمي

مهبيساوح

ةيصخشلا

عم

ةيناكمإ

لاصتلاا

تنرتنلإاب

؛

ىتح

تاسسؤملا

اهنكمي

ا ضيأ

ةمهاسملا

نيعوطتمك

ريفوتو

دراوم

ايجولونكت

تامولعملا

ةصاخلا

مهب

.

تحبصأ

هذه

ةمظنلأا

رثكأ

اج

بذ

ةي

اهنلأ

رفوت

ىلعأ

ةوق

ةبسوح

.

عمو

كلذ

،

دعي

ةيبلت

تاجايتحا

نيمدختسملا

و

احملا

ف

ىلع ةظ

ءادأ

ماظنلا

يف

اذه

عونلا

نم

جذامنلا

ا يدحت

ا مساح

.

،كلذل

حرتقن

ةينب

ةديدج

ةمظنلأ

تاباسحلا

ةيعوطلا

ةنزاومل

لمحلا

نيب

تاعومجملا

ةيعرفلا

لا

ت

ي

ةقيرطب ماظنلا لكشت

يزكرملا

ة

،

نيبو

دراوملا

ةيعوطلا

نم

نيعوطتملا

لكشت يتلا

تاعومجملا

ةيعرفلا

ايزكرم

.

ةفاضلإاب

ىلإ

كلذ

،

نإف

انحارتقا

عتمتي

ايازمب

رثكأ

:

لاوأ

،

رايتخا

دراوملا

بسنلأا

اقفو

تاجايتحلا

نيمدختسملا

لاو

ىلع ةظفاحم

آ

ءاد

ماظنلا

.

ايناث

،

ريدقت

لامتحا

لشف

دراوملا

ةيعوطلا

مادختساب

جذومن

ةلسلس

فوكرام

ةيئاوشعلا

.

متي

ءاشنإ

جئاتنلا

ةيبيرجتلا

مادختساب

يكاحم

ققحتلل

نم

ةيلاعف

ماظنلا

حرتقملا

لوصحلاو

ىلع

جئاتن

ةدعاو

.

تاملك

ثحبلا

ةينمزلا فوكرام لسلاس

بنتلل

ؤ

،

ةيلامتحا

لشفلا

،

ةنزاوم

لمحلا

،

ةداعإ

عيزوتلا

،

حماستلا

عم

أطخلا

،

ةمظنأ

لا

وح

ةبس

ةيعوطتلا

.

(7)
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(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)

(17)

(18)
(19)

(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
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(29)
(30)
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(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)

(42)

(43)
(44)
(45)
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(47)
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(49)

(50)
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(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)

(56)
(57)
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
(62)
(63)
(64)
(65)

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑀

(66)
(67)
(68)
(69)

P2P Client/ Serveur

Grid DHT Heartbeat Monitor (HBM) Échec de l'hôte Réactif

Grid DHT Heartbeat Monitor (HBM) Échec de l'hôte Réactif

Système de Calcul volontaires Heartbeat Monitor (HBM) Échec de l'hôte Proactif

Cluster Non Non Non

Système de Calcul volontaires

Non Non Non

Mobile Grid Computing Systems Heartbeat Monitor (HBM) Échec de l'hôte Réactif

Heartbeat Monitor (HBM) Réactif

Hybrid platform P2P & Cloud Heartbeat Monitor (HBM) Échec de l'hôte Réactif

(70)
(71)
(72)

(73)

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝑖 ∈ [1. . 𝑀]

𝑉𝐶𝐿

𝑖[1..𝐾]

𝑆

𝑉𝑅𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑖

𝑉𝐶𝐿

𝑖

𝑆

𝑉𝑅𝑉𝐶𝐿1

∩ 𝑆

𝑉𝑅 𝑉𝐶𝐿2

∩ … ∩ 𝑆

𝑉𝑅 𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑘

= ∅

𝑆

𝑉𝑅𝑉𝐶𝐿1

∪ 𝑆

𝑉𝑅 𝑉𝐶𝐿2

∪ … ∪ 𝑆

𝑉𝑅 𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑘

= 𝑆𝑉𝐶𝐿

𝐿𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

(74)

𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑠

𝑆𝐵

𝑄 =

{𝑄

1

, 𝑄

2

, … , 𝑄

𝑡

}

𝑄

𝑖

⊆ 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑠

𝑆𝐵

𝑄

𝑖

𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑠

𝑆𝐵

Q

∀ 𝑖, 𝑗 ∈ {1 … 𝑡}, 𝑄

𝑖

∩ 𝑄

𝑗

≠ ∅

(75)

𝑛 + (𝑛 − 1) + (𝑛 − 2) + ⋯ + (𝑛 − (𝑥 − 1)) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡_𝑆𝐵

𝑇𝑜𝑡_𝑆𝐵

=

𝑥

2

(2𝑛 − 𝑥 + 1), 𝑛 ≥ 𝑥 2

𝑇𝑜𝑡_𝑆𝐵

𝑛

𝑥

(76)

(77)

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

(78)
(79)

ALGORITHM 1: Global load balancing algorithm

Begin

01 while true

02 Arrival Message

03 if (Message = Rq: Request from user) then 04 Algorithm4(Rq)

05 end if

06 if (Message = Rq: Request from another switcher balancer) then 07 Algorithm2(Rq)

08 Update ( ) of this switcher balancer

09 ←

10 end if

11 if (Message = end of Rq execution) then

12 Remove Rq from the set of requests awaiting execution at this

volunteer resource

13 Update ( )

14 Update ( ) of this switcher-balancer

15 L[i] ← 16 end if

17 if (Message = Reply from ( )) then

18 if (getState( )=Connected) then

19 ;

20 StopTime ;

21 end if 22 end if

23 if Message = Connected ( )

24 if (getState( )=Connected) then

25 ; 26 ; 27 ; 28 else 29 ; 30 setState( ,Connected); 31 end if 32 end if 33 if Message=Failure ( ) then 34 ; 35 Algorithm6( ); 36 setState( ) ; 37 end if

38 if event = TimeOut ( ) then

39 ; 40 Algorithm6( ); 41 setState( ,DisConnected); 42 end if 43 end while end algorithm

(80)

𝑅𝑆

𝑖

𝑆

𝑅𝑆

𝑗

(81)

𝐿

𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑖

𝑉𝐶𝐿

𝑖

𝐿

𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑖

=

∑ 𝐿𝑉𝑅𝑗 [𝑆 𝑅𝑆𝑗 𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑖] 𝑗=1 [𝑆 𝑅𝑆𝑗𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑖]

𝐿

𝑉𝑅𝑗

= ∑

𝑅𝑆

𝑉𝑅𝑗

× 𝑇

𝑖 [𝑁𝑅𝑆𝑉𝑅𝑗] 𝑖=1

𝑅𝑆

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑗

𝑅𝑇(𝑅𝑆

𝑖

)

𝑉𝑅𝑗

= 𝐿

𝑉𝑅𝑗

+ 𝑇

𝑅𝑆𝑖

𝑇

𝑅𝑆𝑖

𝑅𝑆

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑗

𝑉𝑅

𝑗

𝑆𝑅𝑆

𝑉𝑅𝑗

𝑉𝑅

𝑗

𝑉𝐶𝐿

𝑖

𝐿

𝑉𝑅𝑗

𝑉𝑅

𝑗

(82)

Algorithm 2: Centralized load balancing algorithm

Begin

01 set of volunteer resources that contain the requested service

02

03 Select from the volunteer resources which their load is less than

the average load of system

04 Call The (SA) algorithm algorithm 3 to find the best solution and Send the request to the selected one

05 Add the request to (set of requests awaiting execution at resource

belonging to the volunteer sub-groups

06 Update ( ) End algorithm

𝑺𝒆𝒕_𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑉𝑅

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑉𝑅

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝑽𝑹

𝑅𝑇𝑉𝑅

𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑉𝑅

𝐹𝑉𝑅

𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑉𝑅

(83)

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑉𝑅

← √(𝑅𝑇𝑉𝑅

𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑉𝑅

)

2

+ (𝐹𝑉𝑅

𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑉𝑅

)

2

;

(5)

𝑴𝒊𝒏

γ

α β

𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒎_𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒚

𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒙_𝑽𝑹

(84)

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑉𝑅

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑉𝑅

(85)

Algorithm 3 Selecting Algorithm SA Algorithm SA Function 01 ( ):entier; 02 if ) then 03 ; 04 else 05 ; 06 ; 07 ; 08 if ( ) then 09 if ( ) then 10 if ( ) then 11 ; 12 ; 13 end if 14 else 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 end if 19 ; 20 ; 21 end if 22 ; 23 ( ); 24 end if end Begin 25 ; 26 ; 27 QuickSort ( ); 28 QuickSort ( ); 29 Scale ( ); 30 ; 31 ; 32 ; 33 ( ); End algorithm

𝐿

𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚

(86)

𝑅𝑆 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 [ ]

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

𝑉𝐶𝐿𝑖

=

∑ (𝐹𝑉𝑅𝑗) −1 𝑛 𝑗=1 𝑛

(6)

n

𝑉𝐶𝐿

𝑖

𝐹

𝑉𝑅𝑗

𝑉𝑅

𝑗

(87)

Algorithm 4: Decentralized load balancing algorithm

Begin

01 Algorithm 5; // Call the Algorithm 5 in order Calculate the average load of the system 02 For i ← 1 to K do 03 if (( < ) and ( )) then 04 ; 05 j++; 06 end if 07 end for

08 Arrange in increasing order;

09 if then

10 ;

11 else

12 ;

13 of this switcher balancer;

14

15 to the quorum that the switcher balancer belong to it;

16 end if

End algorithm

𝑂(𝐿)

1 ≤ 𝐿 ≤ [𝑄] [𝑄]

(88)

𝐿

𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚

=

∑(𝑅𝑆)

(89)

(90)
(91)
(92)
(93)

𝐶

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝐷

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝐹

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝑝

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝑟

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝑡

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝑞

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

1 − 𝑞

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

(94)

(𝑉𝑅

𝑖

)

𝑇𝑃𝑀(𝑉𝑅

𝑖

) = [

𝑝

𝑖

𝑟

𝑖

𝑡

𝑖

0

0

1

1 − 𝑞

𝑖

0

𝑞

𝑖

]

𝑖

𝑗

𝑛

𝑟

𝑖𝑗

(𝑛) = ∑ 𝑟

𝑘 𝑖𝑘

(𝑛 − 1)𝑝

𝑘𝑗

𝑛 → ∞

{

𝜋

𝑗

= ∑ 𝜋

𝑘 𝑘

𝑝

𝑘𝑗

∑ 𝜋

𝑗 𝑗

= 1

𝜆

𝑖

𝑉𝑅

𝑖

𝜆

𝑖

= 𝜋

𝐹𝑖

{

𝜋

𝐹𝑖

= 𝜋

𝐶𝑖

𝑡

𝑖

+ 𝜋

𝐹𝑖

𝑞

𝑖

+ 𝜋

𝐷𝑖

𝜋

𝐶𝑖

= 𝜋

𝐶𝑖

𝑝

𝑖

+ 𝜋

𝐹𝑖

(1 − 𝑞

𝑖

)

𝜋

𝐷𝑖

= 𝜋

𝐶𝑖

𝑟

𝑖

𝜋

𝐹𝑖

+ 𝜋

𝐶𝑖

+ 𝜋

𝐷𝑖

= 1

(95)

𝜆

𝑖

= 𝜋

𝐹𝑖

=

𝑝𝑖−1

(96)
(97)

(98)
(99)

(100)
(101)

(102)

(103)
(104)

sin(α) = sin(64,8°) = 0,904

sin(β) =

0,66 0,753

= 0,876

sin(γ) =

0,36 0,753

= 0,478

β

(105)

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(111)

(112)

(113)

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(130)

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