• Aucun résultat trouvé

Une présentation mathématique de la méthode de Cagniard-de Hoop Partie II En dimension trois

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Une présentation mathématique de la méthode de Cagniard-de Hoop Partie II En dimension trois"

Copied!
97
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Une présentation mathématique de la méthode de Cagniard-de Hoop Partie II En dimension trois Julien Diaz, Patrick Joly. To cite this version: Julien Diaz, Patrick Joly. Une présentation mathématique de la méthode de Cagniard-de Hoop Partie II En dimension trois. [Rapport de recherche] RR-5825, INRIA. 2006, pp.93. �inria-00070200�. HAL Id: inria-00070200 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070200 Submitted on 19 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Une présentation mathématique de la méthode de Cagniard-de Hoop Partie II En dimension trois Julien Diaz — Patrick Joly. N° 5825 Février 2006. N 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--5825--FR. Thème NUM. apport de recherche.

(3)

(4) 

(5) 

(6)       "!# $ %& ' ( *)+ ,% -./0  101 234

(7)  0506 7986:<;>=@?3A;<B9C9DFEGBIHKJL;<MONP79QR:>S TVUXWY[Z\^]G_&rFmo`bsuthZadgcfr6ehgisdWZY[Y%ZLee

(8) jdkXY[lLmonqp@kXZLe vwuxXxIsymzg{fZmiZL|}UXZLmi|}U+Z~j96€‚@ƒu€„`b lL†@min‡Zmƒ‚ˆyˆu‰`Šy‹xIw‚ŒuZe Žp@kXdZL‘ jX’“sukIe ”wK†y•Gsuwuj+j+e/e l|goZ–k+m}{Xw‚n¡lLx+ZxIsy{Xmzwug0j+j+e su—‡k+w„e xXxXmomiZLlLY[eoZn¡j@WLgomosyZ*j+xIe˜w‚—<™moZgošdn‡Z¢goZZjIj£ezn‡su{fjn¡Y[{fZLZ$j+—qw

(9) ezn‡suY[j£lgo{fU+Zsdkf{Xš¤Z$Ÿ–{f¥„Z

(10) —‡›$w¦w‚{fŒyn‡jXYn‡wuZLmij+{feoœn¡{fsyZFj§ž^gosdmisusunqx˜eŸ¨ {X{X›©Z­n°sy¯*Y[—‡|w®Yk+—°Y[ZgilLl{Xe

(11) giw‚UXY%jIsfwOe{fgiZu—qUXwªŸ

(12) lj+Y%xXsumiw‚k+ZgoY[e%nqpyn‡mik+WZZLmiŒyZ¢e

(13) mosyp@x+kXkXwux9n˜mzgisujXn¡j+Z/ZeeojXZ—‡suZLY kIe%±Xemi—¡lLZLZeoj@«9kXgZ—¡|¬gix+gowOwuk+g}e

(14) sue*j+wK{f†ye lzsutzkXn‡¥§m©jXZl|gosuxXlj+mij@golLm}kIeow‚Ze%n¡j@goZlgig¢w‚e gothj+n‡k+susueij§k+pye%k0Y%™ l¥wO|giY%—qUXw‚ln‡w‚miY%n‡|j@n‡wOgoeigiZeon‡jIsup@j+w‚kXj@e[Zg/|{fZL¨ lmzg}g}w‚w‚n‡n‡—¡jX—‡lZLZe sy²´j+{f³+ZµeŸX¶}·uwy¸¹|dsu¦kIeh”º gin‡p@kX›$Zyw‚Ÿ@ŒylLjX—‡wyn‡wuehmigi{fsfœ{f{fcdZj+w‚žY[sdsunqpyx0k+Ÿ0Z ezsy—¡kXgon‡suj+e/wuj+w‚—‡c@gonqpyk+ZLeLŸR»¼suj+|gon‡suj+e/{fZ*½¾miZZLj˜Ÿ˜lLp@k+w‚gon‡suj¿{fZLe. Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt.

(15)     $!® 

(16) 

(17)        ' (/6*)X ,%/ $ % -3/  101 1R  ¢6

(18) "

(19)  0 $ImiZ/ezg U+Lµx+wK†yw‚XZmo·ugLezŸµugo©” kIZV{fj­n¡xXZmi{ giZLUXeon¡n‡jZeGj@gimig UXZn¡x9Z j%su+{fmom}gZezgig©wun¡Z x+—qe6w‚xXmogomogU+ZZ

(20) n¡ezj ZLYj@g g

(21) Z$gogos%UXUXsfZ {f{¤n‡ZYŸ šd©ZLgoj+ZLZVj+eo±Xn¡ezsymin‡n‡suj˜jXj­ŸXŒgisugos[» sygoŒugoUXUXZZ/giZ[UXgi›$ZUXm w‚migiZŒuUXZj+Z^n‡{fwuw‚n‡miY[—‡{dmiœZLZ{fwuj+Z{Xeon¡c ž^syj+@s@e^j+sysx­|L

(22) wuY[eoj ZuZ¨migoZLU+GeosdkXe{˜—¡gin‡ŸIje giw‚U+gojIUXwO{ Zg $j+s Z¢.|—‡suwuj0mon¡¨ »¼c¦eosuY[Z*Y%wOgiUXZY%w‚gonq|w‚—©{fn°¯*|kX—°gin¡Ze

(23) U+n‡|}U“{fsdZejXsug ezZLZYgosªUIwK†uZ%±9ZZj“gomiZLwOgiZL{¦»¼misuY wy|syRk+eh¶ gin‡|L³ eŸd lLu—‡wy” ehgisd{X›$c@wujIŒuw‚jXY[nqw‚n‡m}|L{de œ {fZ¢žsdsyx˜ŸFw‚j+wu—¡c@gin‡|Lw‚—©eosu—‡kfgin¡syj+eŸ–½¾miZZLj§»¼kXj+|gon‡suj+eLŸ VwK†uZeZLp@k+w‚gon‡suj˜Ÿ . . .

(24). . . . . . . . . .  . . . .   . !.

(25) ‹.  

(26)    

(27) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(28) 0(12

(29) ! 3( 4(5. 1R 06% F  n‡|L›©jXwusyn¡e

(30) goY[nqsyw‚Yj­—‡ZZY[kfgojXZn‡j@su—‡n‡gkIeoZe n¡j@kX—<gi™jXmowKsfZ†u{fsugokXjIm}w‚n¡egoj+Z[†dezk»¼x+suwumi{Xm/Y%wu›$j+wOgoewun‡Œusu—‡jXw„j nqw‚xX{fm}moZ{­ZLY[ Xx9sun¡suk+WLkXmomoZmGn‡Zgomx+m}w‚{Xw‚mon¡wugogoj+n‡ZLZuem/Ÿ k+{f—qjXwªZLe¾ZY[xX†Olw‚migisumiUXn‡±Xwusf—‡±XW{fY[—‡Z ZZ{f{¤e^Z­™ Z±Xez›$nqxI{fwuwun‡Y[Œu|jX7Z Znqj+w‚6¹x+eom}n¡{dw‚symGœ jX{fZjXZ¢šfZLZ—‡ž^eLY[¨s@xXsy•¾—‡x Z w‚j+w¦el|goZlZg k+†OwujXmoZ¾nqw‚go±Xm}w‚—‡Z

(31) j+{¤ez»¼™ suZLmieoY%x+wuwO|goZ

(32) n‡sumoj*Zeh{Xg}:Zw‚j@9 gow‚ZyxX¨—q9 wuw/|Z^|—‡ZLl

(33) j¢ZLgiezZg©Y[w‚x+—‡sueVm}ex9su{¤kX™ n¡m

(34) j@goeoZLZGmi|}m}UIw‚Y[w‚jXZŒyj+ZZm6mV—¡Z^¥ m k+;yjX—¡Z

(35) ZG{flp@ZeFk+wO†Ogiw‚n¡misyn‡jwu±X{f—‡ZLn¡«9e lLmoZLZj@g gon‡Z6¹—‡—¡suZk%xZxXj8 —‡k+—‡w e Z|šXsuY[wu|¬xXgiZ—‡ZY[šfZZuj@¨ g {fZ

(36) —‡ZkXm}e †Kwumonqw‚±+—¡Ze {Xk+w‚—‡ZLe6{fZ

(37) XsykXmin¡ZLmz<œ 90wuxX—‡wy|Z k Zg s8 †dn‡w¾{fZe goZL|}U+jXn‡p@xkXZe t{¤™ w‚j+wu—¡cfeoZ =–j*{fn¡Y[ZLj+ezn‡suj gomisunqeLŸu—qwGY[lgoUXsf{fZZehgFZLj%pyk+Z—qpyk+ZezsymzgiZ$Y[syn¡j+eFj+wOgikXmoZL—¡—‡: l»¼syp@n‡k+ewOw‚gix+n¡syxXj¿—¡nqp@{fkXn¡«RZlmmiZkXj@jXgoZn‡Zgo—‡—¡m}Z%w‚jIsyehmi»¼{Xsyn¡moj+Y%wun¡wOmigiZ[n¡syezj kXn‡{f†Ow‚Zj@ Xg/sukXk+jXmoZ%n‡Zm[†Ow‚{Xmiw‚nqw‚jI±Xe —‡Z%—‡ZLezex+{fw‚ZLgonqkfw‚š —‡?Z w‚6¼kfx+giwumom/ZZ e Z> šf{Xx9Zn¡misuY[ZLk+|xXm–go—‡n‡ZezsuZVj+zm}e 8 w‚Y[Zn‡—6g[Z»¹j+—>w‚™ kXZlLmF|}g UI¥|w‚ZkXjXgzjXŒygoZZZ gi{XZZY[»¹w‚x+n‡e©miZZLeo—>x+™ lLwu|}|UIZ

(38) w‚jXjXZGŒyZ

(39) eoZ

(40) Zj@»¹wugomin°g$Zx+—‡Zwue©goZL{fY[Zx+Y%e–w‚ZjXg©n‡kXWmij+Z^Zwu†Ok+w‚eomieon‡n+wu±XlL†d—¡ZGn‡{f{¤ZL™ j@ZgoezZuxI@¨ wu|9FZG™ nq|{fsuljdZG†yxXZmoj+sywuxI±Xs@—¡ZLezlLY[Z

(41) Zx+j@w‚g–m$|}UX{fZ^sunqž^eon¡Zs@sy6¹Bxsu±fA gi"ƒ ZCRjdwkXlZ^go¥l —<=–™ w‚j¦nq{f|Z¾syj+{˜eo™ kXlLp@j+kXZ¾ZmijIs‚|g}ZwOgi—qn¡wsyjezsyth—¡k+kf{fgin¡nqsy|n‡j­ZkI»¼suezZjI8 {XZw‚jY[wuZj@xXg}xXw‚—‡n‡—‡p@Z k+jXwuZ[j@gVeoZ—‡ZLxXe$miYlLeoDZY[j@goZZe$xXgoZL—‡k+|}eU+jX|n‡syp@YkXZY[eVZ pyk0kXjX™ ZLZ j»¼{fsun‡miY[YZkXj+—‡Z eon‡suZjšfxX{f—¡nqZ|kfn¡goš¤Z ¨ giY%xIsuw‚wukOm

(42) n‡the[syZšfkX|ZLm}syYeFY[ezx+Yk+—¡m–ZZkX—‡ZkXj%jX|n‡Z wuj@eVgon‡Zjy{¤migi†O™ lkXw‚Œyj­—‡mi—¡wuZ^Y[—¡±I0Z n‡—¡syn‡ELmoZ• jXk­l

(43) ¨6wuZ\^|g$sulLk+wwuezjXx+goY[nqwup@mzsukX»¼syn‡Z¾j+n‡eFeUXŸ©—¡suZGY[|su±IsuY[syŒyj%Y[WjXŒuZ¢ZysŸfFXj+ezg–suZk+{¤|¬ego™ Dn‡sugo—‡ZmiHj Z†yE ZZšfmi¨ xXmosy—‡nqj+|en¡goZ|Y[ZgzZLgijyZ gVn¡j@|wugolL—‡|ŒukXm}—‡w‚wu—‡Z±X—‡ZGeoZ¢6¼†u»¹sywun°n¡gm 8 \^|susuj@k+goe[ZLjd{fkªl|{fmiZn¡†y|}suUIj+wuep@kXnq|Znl{fgiZw‚x9»¹JwZ[Iesu™ j£lL|—‡kXwujPn¡miZxIm}ZLw%k£{Xx+w‚—¡jIk+ee[—‡ZLx+emolez|Znq|¬ezgiZn¡sy—¡j+Ze%e^eo{fkXn¡«9n‡†KlLwumoj@ZLgojyZLgie¾ZLe[eokXlmGgiw‚—‡x9ZLe¾ZLe%|wu{˜—‡|™ kXkXjP—qe^||wuwy—‡e^|kXxI—w‚‹umGK • |Lwue6¹—¡Z ¨ \Y[^s‚sfgi{fmoWLZG—¡Z$xX{fmolZ–ezxXZLj@misugiwOxIgiw‚n¡Œysyw‚j*go|n‡susyjmomiZLZLezeog6xIn‡syeoj+s‚gi{[mosyw‚xIkZ–|{+wuw‚e©j+{¤e ™ kX—¡Zj¢e Y[{XZn‡kf—¡n‡š/ZkxXmi¥Z{fY[ZLn‡kfWš*miZL|e˜su†OkIwu|}moUXnqw‚ZL±Xe©—‡UXZLe suY[syŒuWj+ZZLg e jXZsygVk+wue0k¢miZ|jdwy†ye–sOsJcuL*sujI—¡8 Z e ¥|n°giA ‰fsuŸKj+"€ e6CylLx9ŒysuwukX—¡ZLm0Y—>™ lZLgij@k+gN{fAOZ–EuŸ({fP(Z–C YZn‡gF—‡n¡ZL¥¾kf—qš¾w^ezgigoUXm}WLwOeogiZ

(44) n +{flZRe¤Q Z g ¨uMK½¾sykmin¡wuY%jXw‚nqez—SsuA ‹(gomiCXsux9x9suZLkX@e m 6¹|—‡Z$suj+gom}|w‚Zn¡migoj+ZLw‚Yj@ZLg˜(x,j@—‡gZLe¤{˜y)Y[™ n‡j@n‡—¡gon‡ZZmokf»¹š/wu|w‚ZLj+e n‡eo|s‚sugikXmomisy±IxIZZee ¨ : . x. . 8. už^wafj@susdgFn¡sug —¡x Zu(x, eFezsy{fjyn‡moy,gVZ|¬giz,mogoWn‡sut)e

(45) jIeze—‡n‡wY[x»¼n¡suZ—qw‚j+g n‡|ymogoZ¨@n‡e

(46) su9˜j*w‚Zk {fe Z|xXwymi½¾eVZmoY[±XZLn‡Zn¡{XWLj¢mon¡Y[Z{¤e ™ZkXljIg}j*ezw‚n‡x+x9sumojXZLsyeFj+±XZ{X—¡—%WLk*Y[> |Z

(47) w‚—qgo|mik+n‡{X—+n¡{fY[Z ZujIezxIn‡w‚sum jXj+—qwZ—IYezlgom}goUXwOgisfn {fIZGluŸ@{fn¡Z¾jd†O›$w‚w‚miŒyn‡wujXj@nqg–w‚m}ez{dkXœn‡{X†@Zœ EuU ¨ TGj­w‚xXxX—‡nqpyk+Zeok+|L|ZLeieon¡†yZY[Zj@g

(48) ¥ u > Z W YX ¸ X· [ZPµ d\’ X  6 s ZLezg

(49) —‡w†Ow‚minqw‚±X—‡Z/{fk+w‚—‡Z/{fZ t8 > V —qw gom}w‚j+ez»¼sumiY%wOgin¡syj{fG Z 6*EuO¨ E u e(x, y, z, s) = u (x, y, z, t) e dt ; 8 V —qwgom}w‚jIeh»¼symoY%wOgin¡syj{fG Zg eosuj@g

(50) —¡ZeV†Kwumonqw‚±+Z —¡Z] e$³I{X‘ k+(w‚^ —‡ZL eVeomikXZLeon‡†OxIw‚Zj@|¬ggin¡†y¸ dZLe

(51) {fZ d`‘ _bZg

(52) a {X(Z ^ > ¸ d dc @' X X· x @µ y 6 k . . . . +∞. −st. r. 0.  . . ky. x. u b(kx , ky , z, s) =. e`egf(hji3k3l3i.  . . Z. +∞ −∞. Z. . . . x. y8. +∞ −∞. . u e(x, y, z, s) ei(kx x+ky y) dxdy.. u¨ ƒ 8. 6*E.

(53) P. GY(. ƒf¨ u|bsy(kj+ehg},w‚kj@gi,e$z,{Xs)wuj+ZeVeh|}g U+w‚wu—‡sup@m}kXe0Z¾eo|susu—‡kfkIgi|}n¡UXsyZuj Ÿf{¤p@™kXkXnRjXxIZ$ZLlLkfp@g k+Dw‚gigomon‡Z¾suj mol{Xezn°sy«R—¡lk+miZZj@Zšfgon‡xXZ—‡—‡n‡—‡|Z©n°gisyZmiY[{fn‡Zj+j@wugn¡¨miZFQGZkXj nRzxX—¡¥^kI|e©sdZZeh¯%gŸX||n¡ZLZj@gzgogiZe »¼suj+|gon‡suj x9Zkfg^eoZYZgzgimoZeosuk+eV—qw »¼sumiY[Z{˜™ kXj+ZL³9’“’ {¤™ K³ Z d[d¸¹d’ ZRµ j^ d x. y. . u b(kx , ky , z, s) =. N X. u bl (kx , ky , z, s) =. N X. Al. . . s |k| , , c cl 2. . . e.   . Fl (|k|2 , cs ,z,c) l. s L |ZšXsyjywugic|Zgoj+ZLmiYwuZj@xXZLg¾j@milLg6—‡eoZL—‡ZeZLj@e6†dgoYZn¡goZLDL—‡eiw„YeoZLZ†dee n°gi{fp@ZLkXZ[eiezZ

(54) ZxX|miZ{fsu—‡Z¢x+—‡ZLwux+e Œymop@wOsykXgix+n¡ZVsyw‚j„jXŒ@wOsu{fgokIZ%n‡esuj“|}wKU+†u{XwysuZLpyjIek+e0Z misuZj+syj+{Xj+|ZL{fsue Zj@golimiŸ ¨-lcZ9˜e0=ZZLe¾j[c»¼{Xsuj+n¡]Y[|goZn‡jIsuezj+n‡e suj[ZAeh{fg[ZZ—‡kXZg š F†y—‡suZL|¬m}ezgie syZ{XkXj@k mg |wu—‡|ZkXg — {fZ kX—>™ jXsuZjI{f»¼suZ jIl|¬¨gon‡v^sujw‚xXwOx9¯%Z—‡jXsuZj+eGZLj p@kXZ Ÿ A³I’“Zeh³ gGkX[jXZ Z»¼sy[j+Z |¬gin¡syj ³9’“³ OZ > Z s/c O l. l=1. l=1. i i=1..N. l. 

(55). l. −1 Fl z   2 2   |k| cl cl 2 s Al |k| , , c = Al , 1, c cl s s2. .

(56). . . l. . s/cl.  .  . . . (. ('. ˜ cl (q) = (cli )i=1..N &. . . u el (x, y, z, s) =. 1 4π 2. x. Z. +∞. +¨ Gj xIs@ezZ/w‚—‡sum}e k P UT. u el (x, y, z, s) =. wK†uZ| ρ. −∞. . Z. y. +∞ −∞. 1+. .  p2 , 1, z, ˜cl (q) . 1 + q2. u bl (kx , ky , z, s). —qw gom}w‚j+ez»¼sumiY%wOgin¡syj{fZG] ³I‘ (^.  .   s F (|k|2 , cs ,z,C) −i(kx x+ky y) l Al |k|2 , , c e l e dkx dky , cl. Zg. . c2i 2 q c2l. >. = px s/cl ky = py s/cl Z +∞ Z +∞ s F (ρ2 ,1,z,c)−ir(px x+py y)) Al (ρ2 , 1, c) e cl ( l dpx dpy ,. x. s 4π 2 cl. . l. ci. s s Fl (p2 + q 2 , 1, z, c) = Fl cl c˜ll (q). ©› ZgogoZ/xXmisuxXmin‡lgoljXsyk+e

(57) eoZmi†@n‡m}w ¥—<™ lgiw‚x9Z‰f¨ ‹X¨Vr6^ZSsua kXmVOgi suªkfg‘`l ^∈a !{1..N syj­w‚xXxX—‡nqpyk+Zwu—¡symieV¥ ZRµ }@µ >. . !#""1 <3 .

(58) 3 $""13 j

(59) 1 %%j(. . c˜li (q) = r.   . 1  2 2   |k| cl s 2 s |k| , , z, c = Fl , 1, z, c . cl cl s2. Z g F •^Z/x+—¡k+ejXsuk+eVY[syjygimoZLmosyj+eV{Xw‚jIeV—¡Ze

(60) ezZ|¬gon‡sujIe

(61) ezkXn‡†Ow‚j@goZeV—‡w O³jX (^¹@µL  Y l  i ∈ 1..N S G 5 4

(62) ! ,.  . . l. u¨ ‹ 8. 6E. u¨. 6E P. ZgZj»¹w‚nqeowuj@gV—<™ w‚±Xk+e

(63) {XZ/jXs‚g}wOgon‡suj Zg F (ρ , z, c) = F (ρ , 1, z, c). A (ρ , c) = A (ρ , 1, c) v

(64) w‚xXZxIY%w‚wum}miw p@qgokXmisyZ*j+—‡eFw„p@†OkXw‚ZumiŸ@n‡wu|sy±Xjy—¡Zgimi{fwuZn¡miZ90Y[w‚ZLx+jy—‡wyg–|wuZ¢k%wu|n¡wu—‡—¡eFZLkX±Xm}n‡e {Xn¡p@Y[kXZZ jIez{Xn‡w‚sujIjXej+Z—<—<™ ZŸ@šf|Z^xIsy|}jXU+Zw‚j@j+goŒun‡ZZY[—‡—‡ZuZL¨ jyg–›©{XsuZY[†OY[w‚miZn‡wuj+±Xsu—¡ZVk+e »¹wu—¡n°Zg †uZLmomisuj+e$x+wum

(65) —‡w[eokXn¡goZuŸI|Z—qwjXZxIs@ezZx+wye

(66) {fZ/xXmisu±X—‡WY[Zx+wumzgin‡|kX—¡n‡Zm¨ 2. −∞. −∞. = p2x + p2y l. 2. l. 2. l. 2. l. 2. *). +#,e-+/.. 8.

(67) €.  

(68)    

(69) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(70) 0(12

(71) ! 3( 4(5. –™ lgiwuxIZ/eokXn¡†OwujygiZ/ZLezg

(72) X–d·J^ ¤‘ ¿¸ `^>’ Z "^¹³Z > €f¨{Xadsuw‚jIn¡g :e (r,A (ƒ C<ψ,Ÿ+{Xz)Zž^—‡sdZLsue*x­|s@wsyxXmi{XmosysuxIjXs@jXezlLlZLe[{¤™ |kfcdgo—‡n‡n¡—‡jIn‡eo{fZmomnqp@—‡Z/kXZL|}e%U+w‚{Xj+k ŒuZx9Y[suZLn‡j@jyg gx{fZ/6 †Oxwumo=nqw‚±Xr—‡Z cos ψ Zg y = r sin ψ 8 Ÿ Zg p = p sin ψ + q cos ψ. p = p cos ψ − q sin ψ ›G™ Zehgk+jXZ O³+µ f'µ ^>³ Z§{¤™ w‚j+Œu—‡Z ψ {+w‚j+eV—‡Z/xX—qw‚j (p , p ) ŸXmiZY%w‚m}p@kXsujIe©p@kX2Z > Zg p x + p y = r(p cos ψ + p sin ψ) = rp. p +p =p +q 9F™ n¡j@gilŒum}w‚—‡ Z 6 Eu¨ P 8 eoZmolLlL|mon¡gw‚—‡sum}Re > Z Z 6*Eu¨ € s ) dp dq. 8 u e (x, y, z, s) = A (p + q , c) e ( 4π c ‰X¨ xX9F—‡™ Zn‡{XšflZ/Z¢ezn‡|Y[suj+n¡—qeow‚n‡n‡ezmogoZZ¢e

(73) Z¥ j+|eokXZkfn¡goš Z¢p@¥­kXZZ«9jXZsu|¬k+gikXe

(74) ZwKm†yŸ sux9j+sue©k+ZmšfxXgosy—‡nqkf|gn¡golLqeV{fZLZ j{Xv/n¡Y[Ÿ {fZZLjIe ezn‡su|wuj­—‡|{fkXZL—‡kfeš¢{Xx9w‚j+sukXemV—¡Z¢gimixXwu—‡j+wuehj“»¼sy|mosyY[Y ZLmœ —>{X™ n‡w‚jyj@giglŒypymik0wu™ —¡syZjªezk+jXn¡Z†Ow‚xIj@ZLg kfg¾p xIZjwueGkXkfj+goZ¾n‡—¡nqn‡j@eoZgomlLŒu{fm}n¡w‚mi—‡ZLZ¾|goeoZLkXYm

(75) ZL—qw j@gG†Owu—‡ZLmoeGnqw‚mo±Xl—‡ezZ¾kXgo—¡giZLw‚YgieGx9suxXmimiZlL—‡|—‡Zl{ftZ¨Fj@v

(76) g}eZLY%xXkXw‚nqm}eipypyk+k+suZ j+—‡eVZ|giZLZxImiZLYjfZ œ n‡{X{Xw‚ljIZueGŸ+xX—<™ moZsyšfxIxIs@syezjXlLZZGj@xIgin¡w‚ZLm

(77) —¡—‡Z†Ow‚j˜j ™ ZL{fezgZmGx+žwue¾n tz{fZšXZj­wy|¬{XgoZLwuY[j+e Zj@AgG‰ C —‡Z |suYj+DLeoYnqehgiZ[Zp@¥k˜x9™ Zsyj¦eoZ{Xm n¡Y[ZjIezn‡suj¦ƒX¨]jXZxXmiZY[n‡WmiZ Zg q = ρ sin φ p = ρ cos φ xIsykXmsy±fgoZLjXn¡m,> Z Z 6*Eu¨ ‰ s ) ρ dρ dφ. 8 u ˜(x, y, z, s) = A (ρ , c) e ( 4π c wK{f›©†uZ/Zsyx9†Oj+Zw‚e^j+min‡{+†dwuw‚k¦±Xj@—‡ZgLZ j®Ÿ˜—q{fw¢n¡Y[»¼suZLj+j+|ezgon‡n‡susuj¿j¦{f{+Zw‚wKkXj+†yšRe¾ZL¨ |—<™ \Zšdsux9kIsueGj+x+Zj@mosygon‡xIZs@—‡—¡ezZ[syj+{fe^n¡«9{fWLsymoZ[j+| ZLj+xX|—¡kXsyg mo;‚Z g—¡lL{¤Œu™ WZmi«RZZLY[|goZLkXjyZLgm/{f—¡Z%Z[||}U+Z[wup@jXkXŒuZ ZLYj+suZLk+j@eg (p, q) → (˜ p, q) 9. . . . . x. . y. x. 2 x. 2 y. 2. 2. x. +∞. l. 2. y. +∞. l. l. 2. −∞. −∞. π. +∞. 0. 2. x. s cl. 2. y. Fl (p2 +q 2 ,z,c)−irp.

(78). l. l. y. s cl. 2. Fl (ρ2 ,z,c)−irρ cos φ. −∞. p˜ = p. Fj­Z«RZg—qwxXmisuxXmin¡lgol#Eu¨OExIZLkfgGeoZ¾mill|min¡miZ =. p. 1 + q2. ..  s s Fl (ρ2 , z, c) = Fl p˜2 , z, ˜cl (q) cl c˜ll (q). Zg. p irp irp˜ 1 + q 2 irp˜ s =s =s . cl cl c˜ll (q). F™ lLp@k+w‚gon‡sujH6 Eu¨ ‰ 8 {fZL†dn¡ZLjyg^wu—¡symie 9. u ˜(x, y, z, s) =. e`egf(hji3k3l3i. s 4π 2 cl. Z. +∞ −∞. >. Z. +∞ −∞. Bl (˜ p2 , q 2 , c) e c˜ll (q) ( s. Fl (p˜2 ,z,˜ cl (q))−ir p˜). d˜ p dq,. u¨. 6*E. . 8.

(79) ‰. GY(. wK†uZ| B (˜p , q , c) = A (˜p (1 + q ) + q , c)). p@½¾k˜m ™y|syj ZZsy¥/g^±f|eogon¤Z^n‡Z—¡|}jIZU+eV{fw‚mi†dj+wun°Œun°gig6ZLZeiZY[ezjZZLe${fjyn‡gF{XYZL{fZLeVZ^j+su†KeojIwun¡sy{fmoj[nqZLw‚e

(80) ±+ƒG{X—¡ezZywundŸ‚j+—‡—¡ZVZeVxI|}goZU+symin¡wuj@Y[p@gFkXZ^{¤Z{X™ suY[wu±+j+n‡eo—¡e Zn‡Z—<mik™†OZwOšdlgox9g}n‡suw‚sun‡jj+ZZj@lj@giggowu{fn‡n°Zg su—‡—¡jX—‡Z

(81) Z©j+Zx9lehZLsug©eVn‡j@—¡xIZ

(82) gFw‚Y{fmVZ

(83) D—¡Y[Z|sd†yZ^suZLm}p@|¬{fkXgisuZZGj+kX|mjXZl—‡kXZe n¨ (r, z) T0 sy[kfX g%Z ezZjx+ZRwuµeiezZ{fsuj+¨ ||syYY[Zezn$suj§gimiwK†Owun¡—‡—‡wun°gwK†uZL|¢{fZLe’ fµ (^ X‘ _ ^ `^>’ Z " ^¹³ Z`Z dc¸¹ q •^Z/—qw[Y DY[Z¾»¹w Isuj pyk0™ ZLj {Xn¡Y[ZjIezn‡suj {fZkXšRŸ+Zj kfgon‡—‡n‡eiw‚j@g

(84) —¡Z»¹wun°g^p@kXZ > Z Z   6*Eu¨  ) dp = ) dp. A p ,c e ( 8 A p ,c e ( Zg Z Z  dγ  6*Eu¨ Š ( ) 8 dp = A γ (t, x, y), c (t, x, y) e dt. A p ,c e dt suj x9Zkfg^{fsyj+|¾Y[suj@gomiZmp@kXZ > 2. l. 2. 2. l. 2. 2. . .  l. . . +∞. Fl (p2 ,y,c)−ipx. s cl. 2. l. s cl. 2. l. Fl (p2 ,y,c)−ipx. Γ. −∞. l. . . s cl. 2. +∞. Fl (p2 ,y,c)−ipx. 2. l. −st. t0l (x,y). Γ. . Z. +∞. 2. 2. Bl (˜ p , q , c) e. sL —qw»¼syj+|¬gin¡syj. s c ˜ll (q). −∞. Z (Fl (p˜2 ,z,˜cl (q))−irp˜) d˜ p=. †ulLmon +Z. +∞. Bl γ 2 (t, q, x, y), q 2 , c. t0l (q,x,y). .  dγ (t, q, x, y)e−st dt, dt. Z g t (q) ZLezg^|misunqeieowujygiZGeokXm v . =Fj®x+w‚mogonq|k+—¡n‡ZmŸ˜|ZgzgoZ»¼syj+|¬gin¡syj„ZLezg/kXjXZ ^ d·‚µ'^>³ZP{fZ v {Xwuj+e Zg/suj¦xIZLkfg [t (0), +∞] {fl IjXn¡mGeow Od·^ X O³ ¤‘ q (t) ¨F\sukIewK†usyj+e©{Xsuj+|> Z Z  dγ 6*EuO¨ ELˆ s u e (x, y, z, s) = B γ (t, q), q , c (t, q) e dt dq. 8 4π c dt d¨ »¼su— mij+Y[suZ¢k+eG{¤mo™ kXZehjXgiZ%ZgiY%miwuw‚j+n‡j@eh»¼gosyZmojIY[w‚j@lLgGZ[¥¢{XZ· 90!wuZ xX—‡wy|­Z?¸ >c‡³ —‡w IŒukXmiZ?c^ZRE*µmi ZxXmiflL"µeoZ^¹³j@goZ“Z[x9—‡Z¢sukXeimG|}UXZlšfY%xXmiw­n¡Y[{¤Z™ n¡m j@giu˜lŒueom}suwOk+gie^n¡sy—‡jw xIxIsysykXkXmm

(85) qg{+{Xw‚wuj+j+e e [−∞ ; +∞] xXk+xXn‡ekXnqte {+w‚j+{+e w‚[tj+e (q) ; +∞] Zg0—qw +¨FŒy\^kXmisuZ©k+ƒVemixIZsyx+kXmo†ulsyezZLj+jyeVgiZ6{fsu—>™j+su|¾m}{flmi|Z min¡n¡mijdZ †uZLmieoZuŸ [t (0) ; +∞] q [−q (t) ; q (t)] # "Z Z  dγ 6*EuO¨ EE 1 u ˜(x, y, z, s) = (t, q) dq e dt. s B γ (t, q), q , c 8 t0l (q) . t0l (−q) = t0l (q),.

(86). t0l (0) > 0. 0l. . . . . +.  .

(87). 0l. +. . . 0l. +∞. l. . 2. +∞. 2. l. l. −∞. *

(88) .

(89). 2. −st. t0l (q).  . .    . . 0l. 0l. 0l. f. f. q0l (t). t0l (0). −q0l (t). 2. l. 4π 2 cl. f. +∞. f. f. 0l. −st. 2. f. dt. f. f f .f. f. f. f. 

(90)      

(91)       "!$#    &% .     "'

(92) !  (

(93)   ' )*)& "

(94)  +% l  !)-!    .  %&/0%  1,  ! -  0% -   ' , %  2 , !   354 ,  ! ,.   %      %*% . , ) %& 

(95)  

(96)  %*% )* 6 -)&7  )6! ,. 7   6  , )6) , 8

(97) ) %  ,     %   t0l (q) γ(t, q) , 9' , ) ,;: ! . #    ,; <8

(98) )    ) ,; . ! : !  % 7 2. .f. f. .f. f. f. f. f. .f. +#,e-+/..

(99)  

(100)    

(101) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(102) 0(12

(103) ! 3( 4(5. t. . t. −q0l (t). q0l (t). t0l (q). t0l (0). t0l (0). q. q. n¡ŒykXmiZ#EJ> j@golŒymiw‚gon‡sujezkXm q xXkXnqe

(104) eokXm t X¨

(105) v

(106) ZY%wumip@kXsyj+eVpyk+Z q (t (0)) = 0 Zg

(107) p@kXZ. n‡ŒukXmiZƒY> j@golLŒum}wOgon‡sujezk+m t xXkXnqeeokXm q.

(108). 0l.

(109). 0l. t 7→ Ξ(t) =. Z. q0l (t). Bl γ 2 (t, q), q 2 , c.  dγ (t, q) dq dt. ZLxIezZLgkfg

(110) kXjXw‚Z*—‡sum}»¼sue j+Y[|gosun‡j@sugoj“miZ|m$sypyj@k+gon‡Z j@k+Z*ezn©ZLjXezg$suk+{felLmoxXn‡†Omow‚sy±X—¡sy—‡jXZŒu6>ZLw‚suk¢j+eoe Zqj+e${fx+Zwue–m{fˆªnqehgieomokXn‡±Xmkf—<gi™ n‡n¡j@sygoj+ZLe mo†OŸdw‚Z—‡g$—‡Z x+[0,w‚m©tn¡jOth(0)] Ÿ †dn¡sugoj l  Z ¬ | i g ¡ n 8 > {fZ/—qwgimiwuj+ez»¼sumiY[w‚gon‡suj{fGZ Ξ(t) 90wuxX—‡wy|ZyŸ@j+suk+eVx9sukX†ysuj+eVnq{fZLjygin IZm

(111) —qw%ezsy—¡kfgin¡syj0 # "Z  dγ 6*EuO¨ Eƒ 1 d (t, q) dq . u (x, y, z, t) ≡ B γ (t, q), q , c 8 4π c dt dt ' ! $!  ! O –     

(112) 

(113)    !

(114)  ¾) ( 

(115) &   {+›©w‚syj+Y[eVYkXZj w‚Y[kn‡—¡|}n‡U+Zk w‚xXUXn¡gosymiYZ¾syxXŒumoWLljX|ZGl{fn‡Zj j@+g©j+j+n su> k+e$jXsyk+e–n‡j@golLmoZeoeosuj+e${¤™ w‚±9sum}{*w‚k|wye©{fZ¾—<™ lpykIwOgon‡suj{fZLe$syj+{fZLe −q0l (t). 0l. 0l. . q0l (t). l. l. 2. . . l. 2. 2. −q0l (t). . . u¨ L‹ 8 gi9 Zw¦Y[eox+sue

(116) —‡kfZLgij@n¡gosymij Z¾{f—qw[Z­ez|syZkXgzm}go|ZZ lLp@k+Zw‚ggo—qn‡wsuj£»¼suxIjIZL|¬kfgon‡g%suj l†d{fn‡Z{XZ½¾Y[miY[ZZLZj j@g2Deogosumi—‡Zkfgosun‡su±fj giZ{fjdZ/kXZ—<™ lŒupym kIu|wOZgon‡su¥„j k+eojXkXZn¡†O|wusujyjdgiZ†usy> —¡kXgon‡suj“ZLj  2  ∂ U ∂2U ∂2U 1 ∂2U − + + = δ(x)δ(y)δ(z)f (t). c2 ∂t2 ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2. 6*E OE. ;. f. u  1 ∂2u ∂2u ∂2u ∂2u − + 2 + 2 = δ(x)δ(y)δ(z)δ(t). 2 2 c ∂t ∂x2 ∂y ∂z . e`egf(hji3k3l3i. u¨. 6*E OE

(117) P 8.

(118) . GY(. 9 ww‚xXxX—qwumi|ZZ

(119) Y[Zn¡WLj[moZ¢giZlY[giwux+xIeFZZg${f{fZ*ZG—qw­ XsuY[k+moln‡goZU+mFsdZL{Xj Z¢ZLezZgg–—qZw­j xX—‡k+jXesuk+eoe©n‡Y|x+syj+—¡ZB{fkX>[n¡g©—<™ kX¥/go—<n‡™ —¡lnqeop@w‚k+gowOn‡sugin¡j“syj*{fZ{fe/n°«RgilmimiwuZj+j@ehgi»¼n¡syZLmo—¡—‡Y%Zw‚sugom}n‡{fsun‡j+j+e/w‚n‡{fmiZZ x y eokXn‡†Ow‚j@goZ>   6 Ey¨ EK€ ∂ u ˆ s u ˆ = δ(z), 8 − + k +k + ∂z c {Xsuj@g

(120) —‡w[eosu—‡kfgon‡suj e™ lL|mon¡,g > 6*EuO¨ EL‰ e 8 u ˆ(k , k , z, s) =  . 2 k +k + TGjkfgin¡—‡n‡eoZw‚—‡sum}: e 6 gimosyn‡eon¡WLY[Z¾lgiwuxIZ 8 —‡w gom}w‚jIeh»¼symoY[lZ¾n‡j@†yZm}ezZ{fZ uˆ Zj x ZgZj y Z Z 6*EuO¨ E 1 e 8 dk dk u ˜(x, y, z, s) =  4π 2 k +k + {XTGmoj„nqp@xIkXs@ZLeezZZj+eokXn¡goZ > 6¹p@k+w‚gomin¡WLYZlg}w‚x9Z 8 k = Ÿ k = Zg¾syjªkfgon‡—‡n‡eoZ[—¡ZeG|s@symi{XsujXjXlLZLeG|cd—¡n‡jfœ 9. 2. 2 x. 2. x. 2. 2 y. 2. “ ”1 2 2 −|z| kx +ky2 + cs2 2. y. 2 x. +∞. 2. px s c. r, ψ, z. –™ n‡j@golLŒum}w‚—‡Z#6*Eu¨OE 8 {fZL†dn¡ZLjygwu—¡symie. 2 x. −∞. x. 9. ”1 “ 2 2 −|z| kx +ky2 + sc2 2 −i(kx x+ky y). +∞. −∞. 1 2. s2 c2. 2 y. 2 y. . x. y. py s c. y. x = r cos ψ,. 1 2. s2 c2. y = r sin ψ.. . u¨ L 8 2 1+p +p ›wu©xXsyxXY[—‡n‡Yp@kXZ„ZLm

(121) jXsu—¡Z/k+e|}U+—<wu™ wKjX†yŒusuZLj+Y[e%Zj@†dgk˜Ÿ^{fZ—‡w“†Kwu|mon¡jInqw‚py±+k+—¡n¡ZWLY> Z¦lg}w‚x9ZuŸ^eoxIl|n Ip@kXZ¦¥“—‡w£{fn¡Y[ZLj+ezn‡sujPgimosyn‡eLŸ|syj+eon‡ezgoZ„¥ Zg p = p sin ψ + q cos ψ p = p cos ψ − q sin ψ p@kXn¤Zehg

(122) giZ—0p@kXZ> Zg p cos ψ + p sin ψ = p. p +p =p +q \^suk+e

(123) wK†ysuj+eV{fsyj+#| > ( ) Z Z 6 Ey¨ EŠ e s u ˜(x, y, z, s) = dp dq. 8 4π c 2 (1 + p + q ) \^suk+e xXmisux9syeosuj+e˜Zj+eokXn¡goRZ 6>ezn¡šfn¡WLY[Z–lg}w‚x9Z 8 {¤™ Z«RZL|¬gikXZm —‡Z©|}U+wujXŒuZLYZLj@g {fZ$†Kwumonqw‚±+—¡Z–eokXxXx+—¡lLYZLj@giw‚n‡miZ s 4π 2. u ˜(x, y, z, s) =. Z. +∞. −∞. Z. +∞. e. – » 1 − sc |z|(1+p2x +p2y ) 2 +ir(px cos ψ+py sin ψ) 2 x. −∞. . x. 2 x. 2 y. 2. 2. f. dpx dpy .. 6*E OE. y. 2. +∞. .f. 2 y.  21.  4 , "%

(124)  %   ! "  0%      1,   % )&. −∞. x. +∞. » − sc |z| 1+p2 +q 2 2. −∞. p˜ = p. r, ψ, z. y. p 1 + q2. 3f.  7 . f. 1 2. 2. +ipr. –. 1 2. ,. )* +% ! " +

(125) )  . ff. f. f. 7   !   )      8  %. (x, y, z). +#,e-+/.. 2.

(126) Š.  

(127)    

(128) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(129) 0(12

(130) ! 3( 4(5. Zg^{¤™ kfgon‡—¡nqeoZm

(131) —qw»¼syj+|¬gin¡syj. q 7→ c˜(q). –™ lp@k+wOgin¡syj6*Eu¨OELŠ 8 {fZL†@n‡Zj@g^wu—¡symie 9. {fl +j+n¡Z/x+wum,> . c˜(q) = p. >. c 1 + q2. .. y¨ ƒuˆ 8 2 (1 + p˜ ) ½Z¾ehmg[u|ZšXZ

(132) wy¥/|¬go|ZLZY[|}U+Zj@wug jXŒu—‡ZZLYYZLDLj@Yg {XZ Z

(133) p@†Kk˜wu™ moZnqj£w‚±+{X—¡Zyn¡Y[Ÿu¥ZjI—>™ezZn‡šXsuj£|Zxfƒbgin¡>*syj[syj£{XZ

(134) wª—‡wY[†dsyn¡gojyZLgieimoeolyZ Ÿ–c˜¥ªŸdp@—qw¿kXn+ez{fZ|¬lLgoxIn‡ZLsuj+j {%E{fZ{fZq Ÿy—‡w¦—>™ n¡j@xXgimilZŒuY[m}w‚n‡WjImi{ Z xIw‚mogon‡ZuŸXp@kXZ > u ˜(x, y, z, s) =. ;. wK†yZL|. Z. +∞. e. s 4π 2 c. Z. +∞. −∞. +∞. e. » – 1 s |z|(1+p˜2 ) 2 +ipr ˜ − c˜(q). 1 2. 1 2. 2. −∞. – » 1 s ˜ − c˜(q) |z|(1+p˜2 ) 2 +ipr. 2 (1 + p˜2 ). −∞. Z. d˜ p=. Z. +∞ t0 (q). p. e−st t2. −. t20 (q). d˜ p dq.. dt.. 6E. u¨ ƒ. 6*E YE 8. Z g R = pz + r . r–|}UIU@wucfp@eokXn‡p@Z kXZLY[{XZ Zj@v g —‡kXZ$j|}x+UImow‚syjX±XŒy—¡ZWLY[Y[ZZ©j@{fg Z${f{fZ$n¡†OY[w‚ZLmij+n‡wuez±Xn‡su—‡Z–jp@{fkXZZ–kXjXš/sy{+k+w‚e j+xXe mikXsujx9syY[eosun‡—¡j+n‡Ze¤kj+{fsuZ$k+e †@n¡xIgoZLZmoeoY[eoZ©Z{Xg6Z©{fxXZVmi|susyxIj+w‚eoŒyn‡{fw‚lLgon‡mosuZLj m˜x9sukXm ¨ q c˜(q) TGj­w[{fsujI|> Z Z 6*Eu¨ ƒuƒ s e p u ˜(x, y, z, s) = dt dq. 8 4π c t − t (q) x99 suw¾k+»¼†ususuj+jI|goe$n‡su{Xj suj+q|/7→{fl t+jX(q)n‡meoww±Xmin‡lLZ|j¢n¡xX—¡miZ^sf|p@sukXY[Z x9sumogoZY[ZLjygFx+molezZLjygilezk+m–—qw +Œuk+mo,Z E^Zj%n‡jygimosf{fkI|¬gon‡suj0¨ \^suk+e t0 (q) =.

(135). R Rp 1 + q2 = c˜(q) c. +∞. 2. 2. +∞. −∞. 2. −st. 2 0. 2. t0 (q). .  0. q0 (t) =. r. Zgn¡jd†yZm}ezZLm©—<™ symi{XmoZ{¤™ n¡j@golLŒum}wOgin¡syj6¹†usun‡m +Œuk+moZƒ 8 . c 2 t2 − 1, R2. >. u¨ ƒ‚‹ 8 − ›{X©lsymiY[n¡†yYlZGZ¢gojXZY[suk+x9esumi—>™ZwK—‡†u—¡Zsyj+{feZ {fn¡g Zg

(136) ZLj§jXsyn¡k+j@e$gomixIsfsy{fkXk+†u|sygoj+n‡sue$j˜jXŸ su—>kI™ lLe

(137) p@k+w‚miw‚m goDn‡sugoZj m$6*nq|Eun<¨ ¨Fƒ‚‹ ›©8 ZLj+xIsuZLj+k+{Xewu»¼jysugkXmi{XjXwun¡j+geV—>™ —‡ZZšf|LxXwumie$ZLeix+eowun¡symzj®gin‡|{XkXZ*—¡n‡Z—‡w m 1 u ˜(x, y, z, s) = 2 4π c. u. e`egf(hji3k3l3i. Z. +∞. s. t0 (0). "Z. q0 (t). −q0 (t). p. dq. t2. t20 (q). #. e−st dt.. 6*E.

(138) ˆ E. GY(. {˜p@kX™ kXZj£> Y[n¡—‡n¡ZLk UXsyY[suŒuWLjXZ*n‡—VZLezg x9syeiezn‡±X—‡Z{fZ ezn‡Y[xX—‡n +ZLm|ZgogoZZšfxXmiZLeiezn‡suj %> miZY%w‚m}p@kXsujIe{¤™ w‚±9sum}{ . q. {Xsuj+|. R t2 − t20 (q) = c. s u ˜(x, y, z, s) = 2 4π R. Z. q. R q02 (t) − q 2 = q0 (t) c. +∞ t0 (0).  . Z. q0 (t) −q0 (t). syjx9ZkXg^w‚—‡sum}e©Z«9Z|¬gikXZm—‡Z|}U+wujXŒuZLYZLj@gV{fZ/†Owumonqw‚±X—‡Z u ˜(x, y, z, s) =. Zg^|syYY[Z. Z. 1 −1. p. dQ 1−. Q2. =π. s 4π 2 R. Z. +∞ t0 (0). s 2πR. u ˜(x, y, z, s) =. s 2πR. Z. q2 q02 (t). 1−. Q= "Z. q q0 (t). 1 −1. Z. 1−. dq. >. u ˜(x, y, z, s) =. eosun¡g,>. q. s. p. >. . −st e dt, q0 (t). dQ 1−. q2. , q02 (t). Q2. #. e−st dt. u¨ ƒ‚‰ 8. e−st dt,. H R (t)e−st dt.. 0. GjmiZgomisuk+†uZ{fsuj+|¾—‡Z/molezk+—°g}wOg

(139) ±Xn‡Zj­|syjXjdk0> d³ d’  2

(140) ( Y (H #4

(141)  2 6 Ey¨E'P 8   

(142) 31

(143). *. . . . . u¨ ƒ. 6*E. c. . '. 1 δ R (t). 2πR c. u(x, y, z, t) =. '  

(144) h !

(145) 

(146)  © 6

(147)  !

(148)  (

(149) 

(150) Yx+[\^mosun‡sy—¡k+n‡x+Ze%w‚kXŒ@|š£wOsugoj+ezn‡syeosuj@nqj{fg l{fmimiZLsuZLe

(151) eoj+xIsye Zj+Y%|¬{fgoZw‚n‡†ue

(152) n‡j@ZL{XY[gow‚ZZjIj+j@w‚e

(153) g[j@|g%wyZLeVeokXeoY[jsf|n‡{Xn‡—¡lLn‡suZeY%kfw‚š w‚kfn‡ezšjXsyZ j@{XgVn¡Zj Y[mi+ZLn°eojXœx9ZLn^ZLeo|x+|¬sugiwyn¡Y[|†yZLZxIe Y[s@zezZl j@>g {fZª0ƒZZg g +kXznq{f¨ <ZLe[0U+suZY[g%su—‡ZLŒyeWjX†dZn°gieZL¨ eiez9˜Ze[Ze[{fƒZ c c. . . . 1. 8. u¨ ƒ‚ 8. 6*E. 1 d H R (t). 2πR dt c. T. u¨ ƒu€ 8. 6*E. R c. +∞. 8. 6*E. +∞. •GsujI|‚ŸfZj kfgin¡—‡nqeowujyg—<™ n¡jOthZ|¬gin¡†dn¡gol{fZ/—qw gom}w‚j+ez»¼sumiY[lZ{fZG90wuxX—‡wy|ZyŸ@j+suk+e

(154) {fl{fkXnqezsyj+eV—‡Z2> u ˜(x, y, z, t) =. u¨ ƒ. 6*E (P. 2. +#,e-+/..

(155)  

(156)    

(157) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(158) 0(12

(159) ! 3( 4(5. EJE. –™ lp@k+wOgin¡syjwukfš{flLmon‡†ulLZLe$x+w‚mogon‡Z—‡—‡ZLeVY[sf{fl—‡n‡eiw‚j@g|ZxXmisu±+—¡WLYZZehgG> 9. wK†yZL|. >ƒf¨.  2   ∂ U 1 ∂U 1 ∂2U ∂ 1 ∂2U = δ(x) δ(y) δ(z − h) f (t) − + + µ(z) ∂t2 ρ(z) ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z ρ(z) ∂z (. µ(z) = µ1 ,. ρ(z) = ρ1 ,. z > 0,. µ(z) = µ2 ,. ρ(z) = ρ2 ,. z<0. 6 OE. Zg c(z) = µ(z) ¨ ρ(z) 9 w »¼suj+|gon‡suj f{ Z½¾moZLZj wueiezsf|n¡lLZ¾¥%|Z¾x+mosy±X—¡WLY[Z¾Zehgeosu—‡kfgon‡suj {fZJ> s. 8. .  2   1 ∂2u ∂ u ∂2u 1 ∂u 1 ∂ − + + = δ(x) δ(y) δ(z − h) δ(t). µ(z) ∂t2 ρ(z) ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z ρ(z) ∂z.  

(160)   dc `Z . >ƒf¨ ƒ 8 6. + ‡‘ ­L³9‘ K· ª‘ ¢¸*c^ZRµ  +· \^suk+e

(161) eokXxXx9syeosujIeVn‡|n˜pyk+Z h = 0 Zg c < c ¨  W d {¤{¤™™ susu j+j+ {f{fKZZ³ ZRZ{fj­µLZ% {f†un‡syY—¡c¡kX³ ZLY[Z j+eoZ%n¡syZj„Vg›©ƒ kXsyj®>–Y[n‡»¼Y— misueoZ¾j@ZgjX{fsy{¤lLk+|™ sueVsuj+Y[—¡{fZ¾xIZ*†us@ZL{XezmoZ/Z%misuZLg jIj De–gogoZ¢—‡miZ¾su{Xnq»¼wueVmoj+sy»¼e/jymisug

(162) —‡j@Z*{¤gi™Y[e

(163) suj+{¤n¡—‡{X™n‡suZZ¾jIk Z{fehE%ZgVZeogiZLg mo|WkXsye$j+j¿eo{Xn‡»¼Ywumon¡syn‡mi—qjyZLw‚ge n‡mo{˜>–Z™ k+w‚syjk¢j+{f»¼»¼Z¢momosysy{fjyjyZgg †us syL —¡kX—‡ZLY[eVZ

(164) sujI{X{fwuj+ZLe

(165) e6{f—¡ZVZ/Y[†ysun‡—¡—‡n‡kXZk*Y[ƒfZ@¨ Z90gw{fZ{fn¡ g «RDlgomiZZj+|s@|ZZVšfwKn‡†yezgoZLZL|©jy—‡gw¨ {fn‡Y[Zj+eon‡suj%ƒ^ZehgF—<™ Zšfn‡ezgoZLj+|Z

(166) {¤™ kXj%{fsyY[wun¡j+Z \syk+e

(167) kfgin¡—‡n‡eoZmisujIe©xIw‚m

(168) —qweokXn¡goZ2> p p Zg z = R sin θ. R = x +y +z , x + y = R cos θ {mif] wKZ[Ocy³ su—>ZR™ jsuµ jI{fZ¦{X6¹*¸ ZZc¡j¿³ †yZ ±Xsu—‡—‡ZkXk®Y[Zez0kX{+m/aIw‚—‡j+³9ZLe¾e¸¹‘ —‡+’ZŒykXY[min‡ZL—¡en‡Z!k‹XZ ¨ w¢E¸ZZL¦,g ezg/’P k+¨[^>jX¸ ^Z%\@‘{fsyZk+Y[e"n¡w‚œxXeoxXr x9UXZsyWL—‡kXsumom¾jIZekX{fjªZ%n‡|j+Zehj@g}giw‚moj@—>Z ™ gn¡j@Otgil{X=misun¡ZLjX(0,kXjXm/l0){f—¡Z%ZZ»¼|mogZsygo{fjygoZZg Ω (t) {fZY[n¡œeocxXUXtWLmoZy¨ Ω (t) xIZLkfglŒ@w‚—‡ZY[Zj@g DgimoZ/{f8l +jXn˜xIw‚,m >  v | z > 0 Zg R < t . Ω (t) = (x, y, z) ∈ c †u] syO—¡³ kXZRY[µ Z{+£w‚j+*¸ e^c¡³ —¡ZZ Yn‡—‡n¡ZLk¦ƒ[aI³9ZL¸¹ez‘ gG’ k+jXZ {f!ZLZ Y[„n°œ ez¸ x+PUX/’WmiZ^¹¸ ^ {fdZ‘ |Z j@gomiZ •GZ*Y DY[Z¢—‡Z*Z»¼gGmisu{fj@Z g mi{XwKcyZ*su—>j ™ sujI{fZ6¼ZL{fj Z . .  . . . 1. . . 2. . . 2. . . . 2. . 2. . 2. 2. . . . . 1. R. . R.

(169). R. 3. 1. . . . . . . . . O = (0, 0). e`egf(hji3k3l3i. c2 t.

(170) Kƒ E. GY(. mosykXŒuZ¾ezxIk+ZLm©kf—‡gZLelŒ@+w‚Œy—‡kXZY[moZZe©j@‹Xg ¨ |GDgiZmog Z/{fP l 8 +ZjXgVn˜jXx+sywuk+m,e©> wuxXx9Z—‡suj+e Ω (t) —<™ n‡j@golLmon‡ZkXm

(171) {fZ¾|ZgzgoZ/{fZLY[n°œ ezx+UXWmiZu¨ Ω (t)  v | z < 0 Zg R < t . Ω (t) = (x, y, z) ∈ c sugosyj+e —‡A(t) —<™ gn¡j@{fgokZLmieoxXZL—q|w‚goj n‡suj“{fk »¼go] moZLOsy—^³ j@p@ZRg

(172) kXµ {˜Z ™ sy—¡j+Z­£{feo*¸Z/Zc¡³Œu{XY[Z w‚jIZLe©jyg —‡Z/Y[n¡µ —‡n‡@µZk­6¹Zƒ j wKY%!†yZ ZLw‚¦|^ŒuZL—>¸ j@™ £wOgišfw¿/’ Z ezx^>kX¸ ^m[=@—q‘ 0w ¥+Œu{fkXmomisy\Z n°gisyZP k+eZg jXeoB(t)  Z I x y s ¡ n @ j (x, z) u s ¡ n [ g i g u w X j u Œ L Z y j % g ¥ ¨. 8 8 [AB] Ω (t) jX6 T s‚gisuj+¨–e adωsyn°g (t) —‡Zgo—‡miwsuj+x9|sumo{fgoZ%n‡su |j ;yjX{fZZezŒux+lUXj+WlmimiZ¾l {Xx+Zwum|Z—‡j@wgimimos‚Z giw‚gon‡suj„{XZ[|Z%ezZLŒuY[Zj@g/w‚kfgisukXm/{fZ[\—<™ syw‚šdk+Ze . T. . T.

(173). 3. T. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . R. . te1. 8. ωte2 (t). . t. 0, q 2 c12 −. 1 c22.  . Zg^{fZ/m}wKcusuj. q. t 1 c21. 1 c22. ,. {ff{ Z/l—‡n‡—<Y™ syn¡j+go{flLZZ/{fx+Zwumg D—‡ZLgoZex+{X—‡wuwuj+j+eVe^—‡{fZ/Z Y|n‡s‚—‡n¡giZLZ kzE=Zeh0g—qZwg mozlLkX=jXn‡zsuj 6{fzZ ωZehg^(t)—qw*|Zs‚g goωZ{Xkª(t)xIsy¨ n¡j@g B 8 ¨ 90Z»¼mosyjyg W d’“’    [& θ = arccos( ) 3 3 #  ( &O  1-1 <H Y)* .. B j

(174)  1R   J5 3     (S0 < # G j Y j   

(175) !

(176) 

(177)  

(178) ? Gj(1   ( 3 N 1. 2. B. B. −. te1. . . . . . 

(179)   j . . '.  . c. . &. t = R sin θ. .  N 

(180) !

(181) 

(182) 

(183)  N!1j  GJ. c1 c2. . s. te2. . t. .  . . ωte1 (t). &. 1 1 R| cos θ| , − 2+ 2 c1 c2 c2. R t= sin θ. s. 1 1 − 2, 2 c1 c2. . >ƒf¨ ‹ 8 6. θ ∈ [0, θc ]. "( 3 N '. ωte2 (t). ". >ƒf¨. 6 P. θ ∈ [0, θc ].. d’“³Z µ Xµ'^¹³Z ” 9˜Ze lLp@k+w‚gon‡suj+e 6<ƒf¨ ‹ ZgU6<ƒf¨ P lg}w‚j@gFn‡j@†Owumonqw‚j@goZe x+w‚m mis‚g}wOgon‡suj[w‚kXgosuk+mF{fZ

(184) —>™ wOšfZ {gofmiZ¢n‡wu{fjXlLŒuY[—‡Z suj@gomiZm|Z%ZL—¡ez8ZLgYmoZY[|¬Z¢g}w‚{+jX8 w‚Œyj+—¡Z¾e/Z—‡j Z*|wye Zg y = 0 Zg x Z>g 0 ¨ ›©syYY[Z%> ZLj“{fn¡Y[ZLj+(Oz) ezn‡suj§Ÿy{fn¡ZL—9kfezš¤kfŸ ¯[—‡Zg. . (OAB). B. OA = c2 t. cos θc =. OB = c1 t. OB c1 = . OA c2. •GezZLwuŒuj+Y[e$Z—¡j@Zg {fZLYn¡¨–œxX•^—‡wuZ/j YyDLY=Z20 6<Zƒfg ¨ P x >Zehg

(185) 0 Ÿd—<™ —>l™ pylLp@kIk+wOw‚gon‡gosun‡sujj x96<suƒX—qw‚¨ ‹ n‡8moZ/j˜{f™ ZLZ/ezg$—<™ miwun‡miZ|¾j{f{˜Z™ wu|kfZgom}mi|ZG—‡Zp@{XkXZZG|—>Z™ lLj@p@gok+miZw‚gon‡suj{Xk AB. 

(186) ) ! - ! &: !  % 7. 8. f. . 0, q t 2 c12 −. f. 1. 1 c22.  . Zg^{fZ/m}wKcusuj. 2. f .f.

(187)  

(188)  %&% )&   , )-! ,    % ! ,  78 1,   . f. q. t 1 c21. −. %     . 1 c22. ,. A.  %5 . B. 2. +#,e-+/.. 8.

(189) ‹.  

(190)    

(191) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(192) 0(12

(193) ! 3( 4(5. E. thsun‡Œuj+wuj@gV—‡Z/x9sun‡jyg O w‚kx9sun‡jyg B ¨  —>\™ n‡syjyk+giZemo»¹jXwusu|goZGZLmo6¼syZj[j+e Y%Ωw‚ŒyZ(t)j@giw—<™ eoZkXj+mFeoZ—‡ZLY e ±XI—¡Z*ŒukX{XmiZLZLe/e ‹+x9¨ su±[n‡j@Zgig\eP eon¡go¨ kXle/Zj@gomix9Z%Zkf—‡Z%g©»¼lmoŒysywuj@—¡ZLgY[{fZZ*j@—<g%™ syDj+gomi{fZZ*{f{fl Z%+jXg4nXDgix+Z*wum Zg > te. . 8. . Ωte (t). s s ) v  Z g 1 R| cos θ| R 1 1 1 | z > 0 R sin θ . Ω (t) = (x, y, z) ∈ − + <t< − c c c sin θ c c n¡j+wu—¡ZLY[Zj@gjXsukIeVjXs‚gisuj+e Ω(t) = Ω (t) ∪ Ω (t) ∪ Ω (t). te. (.

(194). 3. 2 1. R. T. 2 2. 2 1. 2. te. z. z ωte2 (t). T. ωte1 (t).  T. (x, y). K‹X¨ w –™ syj+{fZF{fZ †ysu—‡kXY[ZF{Xw‚j+e˜—¡Z Y[n‡—¡n‡Zk2Ey¨. (x, y). X‹f¨ ± >%9F™ suj+{XZG{fZ^g DgiZG{Xwuj+e©—¡ZGYn‡—‡n¡ZLkBEu¨.  !> 9. . z. T. (x, y). 9‹X¨ | –™ syj+{fZ/{fZ†usy—¡k+YZ/{Xwuj+eV—‡Z/Yn‡—‡n¡ZLk­ƒX¨.   > 9. . n‡ŒukXmiZ/‹!>%9F™ ZjIezZLY±X—‡Z/{fZLe

(195) syj+{fZe

(196) {fk xXmosy±X—‡WY[Z/pykIw‚j+{ 

(197) ˜³9¸¹‘ µ'^>³Z  jZ X¸ ¤'µ ^ ¤‘ d. Gj jXs‚giZm}w T. e`egf(hji3k3l3i. . . . . 2 2. h=0.

(198) E'P. GY(. ΩR (t) ωte2 (t). ωte1 (t). Ωte (t). T . ΩT (t). n¡ŒykXmoZ:P>6vZxXmilLeoZj@giw‚gon‡suj {fZLe$»¼misuj@g}e

(199) {¤™ syj+{fZ/p@k+w‚jI{ Zg.  c1  c˜11 (q) = p    1 + q2  . c˜12 (q) = q. Zg.  c1   c˜21 (q) = q   c2  1 + c21 q 2. c˜22 (q) = p. 2. xXkXnqe.       ˜ q)  R(p,             T˜ (p, q)    . =. ρ2 1 + p 2.  12 1. − ρ1. ρ2 (1 + p2 ) 2 + ρ2. =. . . c˜211 (q) c˜212 (q) c˜211 (q) c˜212 (q). h=0. c2 1+. c22 2 q c21. c2 1 + q2. ,. ,.  12 + p2  12 , 2 +p. 1 2ρ2 1 + p2 2 ,  2  12 1 c˜22 (q) 2 2 2 ρ2 c˜2 (q) + p + ρ1 (1 + p ) 21. +#,e-+/..

(200)  

(201)    

(202) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(203) 0(12

(204) ! 3( 4(5. Zg. r   c˜11 (q)t c˜211 (q)t2 +   γ (t, q) = −i cos θ + | sin θ| − 1,  1  R R2         ! r  c˜11 (q)t c˜11 (q)2 t2 + cos θ + | sin θ| 1 − , υ1 (t, q) = −i   R R2        r   2 2    γ + (t, q) = −i c˜22 (q)t cos θ + | sin θ| c˜22 (q)t − 1. 2 R R2 q01 (t) q02 (t) s

(205) s

(206)

(207)

(208)

(209)

(210)

(211) c21 t2

(212) c22 t2

(213)

(214)

(215) q01 (t) =

(216) 2 − 1

(217) q02 (t) =

(218) 2 − 1

(219)

(220) R R. \syk+e{fl +jXnqeoeosuj+e$—‡ZLeV»¼syj+|¬gin¡syj+e . Zg. x+wum. Z g =Fj +j0Ÿ+x9sukXm

(221) —‡Z|wu—‡|kX—˜{fZLeVsyj+{fZe

(222) {fZg DgoZ/jXsyk+eVxIs@ezsyj+e:> . xIsykXm. q1 (t) =. R sin θ. e`egf(hji3k3l3i. s. v u u t. | sin θ| c1 t − R| cos θ| | cos θ|. s. c2 1 − 21 c2. 1 R| cos θ| R 1 − 2+ <t< c21 c2 c2 sin θ. !2. s. −. c21 c22. 1 1 − 2. c21 c2. K€ E.

(223) ‰ E. GY(. d³ d’

(224). *.                                                                                                                                 . .. . . <ƒf¨ ƒ 8   h = 0 3 3 NJ(.j(.  . 2

(225) ( Y ( 4

(226) (-S 

(227) 

(228)  6. ". !'. x 6∈ Ω(t) : u(x, y, z, t) = 0. .. x ∈ ΩR (t)\Ωte (t) :. u(x, y, z, t) =. .. x ∈ Ωte (t)\ΩR (t) :. .. x ∈ Ωte (t) ∩ ΩR (t) :. u(x, y, z, t) =. +. .. x ∈ ΩT (t) :. . . u(x, y, z, t) = . . . 1 d  2π 2 R dt. u(x, y, z, t) =. Ž d’ ¤‘ . .  . Z.   4 1 . 1 d  2π 2 R dt. Z.    ˜ + (t, q), q) 1 + <e R(γ 1 p dq  ; 2 q01 (t) − q 2. q1 (t) 0. h i  ˜ + (t, q), q) =m R(υ 1 p dq  ; 2 (t) 2 q + q01. h i   Z ˜ + 1 d  q1 (t) =m R(υ1 (t, q), q) p dq  2 (t) 2π 2 R dt q 2 − q01 q01 (t).     Z ˜ + 1 d  q01 (t) 1 + <e R(γ1 (t, q), q) p dq  ; 2 (t) − q 2 2π 2 R dt q01 0 . 1 d  2π 2 R dt. x ∈ ΩR (t)\Ωte (t) R t> c1. 0. .  "( 3 N  1

(229) 2 . . q01 (t). .. Z. q02 (t) 0.  j!'.    <e T˜ (γ2+ (t, q), q) p dq  . 2 (t) − q 2 q02.

(230)  .

(231) 31. θ > θc. 

(232) . R t> sin θ. s. 1 1 − 2 c21 c2. 31. ;. +#,e-+/..

(233)  

(234)    

(235) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(236) 0(12

(237) ! 3( 4(5.   4 1    4 1 . E .

(238)  .

(239) 31. x ∈ Ωte (t)\ΩR (t) s 1 R| cos θ| R 1 R sin θ − 2+ <t< c21 c2 c2 c1 x ∈ Ωte (t) ∩ ΩR (t).  . θ < θc ;.

(240)  . 31. R R <t< c1 sin θ. s.  . 1 1 − 2 c21 c2. θ < θc .. igTGn¡syj j x9PIsu¨k+Ey¨moƒ m}w§6>|ew‚™ —qn‡|j+k+ez—˜x+n¡{fmiZ ZmPŸ

(241) xI8 syŸ+kXx+m¢w‚Œy—‡Z„Z |LOw‚X—q|¨ kX—¾jdkXY[lmin‡p@kXZ„{XZ U Ÿ^{fZ„—>™ w‚—‡Œusymon¡goUXY[Zªx+molezZLjygilª¥§—qw eoZL|¬œ    + dc‡`‘ Z ­L³9‘ K· ³ O ­¸ c^ZRµ  X·  W d  O³ ZRµ c¡³ Z \^suk+e%{Xn‡ezgon‡jXŒuk+Zmisuj+e%{fZLkfš |Lwue?> c < c Zg c > c Zg*j+suk+e kfgon‡—‡n‡eoZmisuj+:e > p p Zg z + h = R sin θ. R = x + y + (z + h) , x + y = R cos θ Ey¨ ^ gi{+mow‚syj+n‡ceeVsu—‡Z/<j+{fY[Zcn¡,e —‡n¡.ZL>$kª•¾kXjXw‚ƒj+ZZeehsygj+|Z%eo{fZZ|kXwyn‡—‡j+ZeY[Ÿ |nq—>{fZL™ sujyZLj+g^jy{Xgi|ZuZ[suŸIj+{+kXezw‚jXgoj+n¡Zgoek+syl—‡j+Z%Z/{fY[{¤Z™ n¡kXmi—‡ln¡jXZL+Z/k lsu|}E[UXjIn‡{fwuZ/ZxXZx+gog^m}wuw‚kXmij+wj+‡eoZgY[su|n‡j+syeoZu{XY[¨ ZY{fZ[Z/—q4g w­DgoezZysy¨ Y[9FY™ suZ%j+{f{fZZ . r. . .  

(242) . . . . . . . . 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. ). 2. ¼»]eomixXOsuUX³j@WLZRgmoµZ

(243) {fZ{fZ

(244) —<™ |syZ¸j+j@c¡{f³ goZ ZmiZ n¡j+|n‡{X^Z Zj@· Z^gogFZ {f6¼ZRZ

(245) ZLjªµ m}wK†ucuZLsymzj!gZ ez§kXm¾¸ wKP—‡†yZLZLe ’/|©+—¡^>ŒuZ

(246) ¸^kX{fdmiZL‘ ZLYe¾n¡€fœ¨ZLw%eox+Zr6wug/su|kX‰ ZV8meokXZLkXezx9j£gGlmi—<n¡n¡™j+n‡ZLj@ezkXgigomwuZL¨ mij@eoT g ZLsu|tkfgon‡{fgisuZ$syj„jX—<™ jX{fsulZ j+{f—‡—¡wZZ n‡j+|n‡{fZLj@goZ/ZLezg|syjy(0,giZjdh)kXZ/{Xwuj+e

(247) |ZgzgoZ/x9csutmogon‡suj {fZeoxXUXWLmoZ/p@kXZjXsukIeVjXs‚gisuj+e Ω (t) ¨ lL|}UXn‡Z2Z g6¼ZL{fj Z ±+m}] wK—¡OZLcu³ ksyZRj eoµ kXmV­—¡ZwKe ¸ †yc¡+ZL³ |

(248) ŒuZ kX—‡ZGmiZL{feVZLO€fY[ ¨ |¾n°œdZLZ· eog

(249) `x+‰ wu^ 8 |Z^ZLezeogVjkXZ —>xI™ [n¡lLj@mogi¸ n‡­ZZm}k+b’ezmLZ¨6|¬^¹go\¸ ^n‡sudsyj‘k+e©{fwuZKxX—‡x9w90Zeo—‡ZGxXsuj+UX»¼mieWsumij@Zg

(250) {f{fZ¾Z/|—<Z—<™ ™j@syn‡j@j+gomigo{fZ lLZ¾mo(0,n‡moZl kX+−h) mV{fZ¾|ZgogoZ x9sumogon‡sujc {ft ZeoxXUXWLmoZy¨ Ω (t) xIZLkfglŒ@w‚—‡ZY[Zj@g DgimoZ/{fl +jXn˜x+wu,m Ω> (t)  v | z > 0 Zg R < t . Ω (t) = (x, y, z) ∈ c ] O³ ZRµ ª¸ c‡³ Z µ !Z / {Xl +jXnqeiezsyj+e ŸfY[n‡jX’ n‡Y^> nqeiw‚j@g!Z —‡w %»¼¸ syªj+|¬/’ gin¡^>sy¸ j ^ d‘  ›©suY[Y[ZZj­{fn‡Y[Zj+eon¡syjªƒj+suk+e . . . . . . . . . 1. I. . . . *

(251). . . . . . . 1. R. . R.

(252). R. 3. 1.  . . . . . e-,. f. 8! . . e`egf(hji3k3l3i. . . . ξ02 (r, z) . t(ξ) =. . r=. p x2 + y 2 .. p. ξ 2 + h2 + c1. p. (r − ξ)2 + z 2 , c2. >ƒf¨ € 8 6.

(253)  E. GY(. Z—<™ g¾Zj+j+eosuZk+Y eG±XjX—¡Z s‚gisuj+e t 6¼mi(r,Zx+z)molez=ZLjygit(ξlGZLj (r,mosyz))kXŒuZeoezsuk+jªm

(254) Y[—¡Zen‡jX+n¡Y ŒukXkXmiY ZLe^¨/€f\¨ ±sukIZeGg^x9‰ suk+x+†uwusum jI> e^w‚—‡sum}e^{Xl +jXn‡m Ω (t) 8  Z g Ω (t) = {(x, y, z) | z ≤ 0 t (r, z) ≤ t} . gimiwuZ j+eoY6¼ZLnqj¦eV%wKY%µ†u@µZw‚|^ŒyZ—<j@™ w‚gišfjwZ Z eox/kXm¸=*—‡w 0/’ +¥^¹Œu¸ {f^ k+dmimo‘suZ%n¡go‰ ZZeog su\Bn¡gsyk+gi—‡Z¾w‚e j+jXx9ŒususuZgon‡j@j@syg/gj+e ¥{fAkx+—<™—‡n‡wuj@j goZL¨%(x,mieo\ZLz)|sygok+n‡esugoj%ZjX— s‚{fpygik[k+suZ¾j+»¼mie su—‡Z/j@g–ezZL{¤Œu™ Y[suj+Z{fj@—¡ZZg [AB] ω (t) gimosyj+|%{f—‡Z¢w

(255) | x9;usujXmoZ¢gon‡Œusulj j+{flmiZleoxXxIUXw‚mWmi—qZ/w­{fmiZ/s‚gi|w‚ZLgojy8 n‡gisumoj§Z {fZ*|Z¢ezZLŒuY[ZΩj@g(t)wukfgosykXm{fZ*—<™ wOšfZ (Oz) ¨ªadsyn°g . 02. 02. . T. 02. T.  . . . . . . . R. te1. ωte2 (t). Z g^{fZ/m}wKcusyj q t − h, − 2 mi{Xllk+—‡n¡jXY[n¡syn¡gojlZ{XZ x+w‚ωm

(256) —‡ZL(t)e

(257) x+—‡Zwug^j+{feZ {fωZ|s‚(t)giZ z¨ = 0 Zg z = z ¨N9˜Z/»¼misuj@g{fZ—<™ syj+{fZ{fZg4DgiZZLezg—‡w W d’“’     ([&  3   ( &O 1#1   Y)* ..  j  1[   J5 3  S U  :J < #θ= arccos( ! Y )(   

(258) !

(259) 

(260)  

(261) : !1j  J ( 3 N . . . . .    j(. . − h. 0, q 2 c12 −. 1 c22. te1. te2. 1. . . t. ('. c. B. . . &. t = R sin θ. . 1 c22. 1 c21. 

(262) d  j 

(263)  J3 Nj(1j  . s. . c1 c2. t.  . . ωte1 (t). &. 1 1 R| cos θ| , − 2+ c21 c2 c2 ". . ". . >ƒf¨ ‰ 8 6. θ ∈ [0, θc ]. 

(264) 3  '. ωte2 (t) s R 1 1 t= − 2, sin θ c21 c2. >ƒf¨ 8 mi9 6<Wƒfw*Y[¨ {fZGlLZLƒXYez¨ ƒ/gsyj+—<xX™ ezlmogolpym}ezkIwOZLgowOj@n‡gosugon‡lsuj­j|{fn¡œx9Z{fsuZL|—qZeiw‚ezn‡—‡symoZZk+Y[e {¤Y[™6¹kX†uZ jªsun‡eom–w‚Zm}m}xI|Gww‚{XŒu»¹w‚ZZn¡go‹ |Z Zm}8 w‚|¨Fk„—‡Z/v|Z{fsuY%Z/kXm}w‚|em}ZLp@jy{fkXgiZmosuZ —qj+w*e–{fpylLk+Y[ZuŸdsu{Xj+w‚ezgoj+m}e–wO—¡giZ^n¡syxXjª—‡wu{fj k (x,goUXlLz)s‚œ Ÿ 6. θ ∈ [0, θc ].. . . . 8. . t. 0, q 2 c12 −. 1 c22.  . Zg^{fZ/m}wKcusyj. q. t 1 c21. 1 c22. ,. thsyn¡Œyj+w‚j@g

(265) —‡Z¾x9sun‡j@g O wuk xIsyn¡j@g B ¨ Z{X\^g l su+—<k+jX™ n‡eVj@n0j+gox+ZLs‚w‚mzgom,»¹ZLwymo> |syZ j+e 6¹ZΩj“Y%(t)w‚Œy—<Z™ j@ZLj+giw­eoZeoYkX±+m —¡Z/—¡Z{fe Z+eVŒyxIkXsymin¡ZLj@egie^€X¨ ez{§n¡gokXZg leV‰ Z8 j@¨ gomiΩZ—¡Z¾(t)»¼misuxIj@ZLgkfg[{fZ/lŒy—<™ wusy—¡j+ZL{fY[Z/Zj@{fgGZDg DgimogoZZ 1. te. 2. . te. . Ωte (t) =. −. (. v (x, y, z) ∈

(266). 3. s  Z g 1 1 R| cos θ| | z > 0 R sin θ <t< − + c21. c22. c2. R sin θ. s. 1 1 − 2 c21 c2. ). +#,e-+/.. ..

(267) Š.  

(268)    

(269) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(270) 0(12

(271) ! 3( 4(5. z. E. z. (x, y) (x, y). ¤€d¨ w –™ syj+{fZn‡j+|nq{fZj@giZu¨.   !> 9. R€f¨ ± > 9F™ suj+{XZ{XZ/†usu—‡kXY[Z¾gom}w‚j+eoY[n‡eoZu¨. . z. ωte2 (t). z ωte1 (t) . . (x, y). ¤€d¨ | –™ syj+{fZ{fZ†ysu—‡kXY[Z¾mil IlL|}UXn‡Zu¨  ¤€d¨ { > 9–™ syj+{fZ/{fZg DgoZy¨ n¡ŒykXmoZ€!> 9F™ Zj+eoZY ±X—¡Z/{fZeVsuj+{XZLe

(272) {fk xXmisu±X—‡WY[Z/p@k+w‚jI{ h 6= 0 Zg c < c ¨.   > 9. 1. e`egf(hji3k3l3i. 2. (x, y).

(273) ƒuˆ. GY(. ΩI (t). ωte2 (t). ΩR (t) ωte1 (t). Ωte (t)  . ΩT (t). n‡ŒukXmiZ/‰!> v

(274) ZLxXmolezZLj@giwOgin¡syj{Xk»¼misuj@g{¤™ suj+{XZp@k+wuj+{ c < c ¨ ƒX¨ {˜ ™^ syj+c{fZ>{fZVcg4D.goZy•¾¨ w‚\j+sue%kI|eFZ{f|Ll wuIejXn‡—¡eiZ­eosu|j+sue6j@go—‡ZLsye6kX»¼m[misuZLj@ezgg}e ±9{¤ZL™ wusyk+j+|{fsyZ

(275) kXn‡x£j+|x+nq{f—¡k+ZLe%jygieoZun‡ŸyYmolx++—¡Z­lL|}|UXwun‡m Z

(276) Zn‡—

(277) g j˜gimi™ wuc j+w¿eoYx+nqwueoZe wu|Lwun¡jIe ezn–p@kXZ¢—¡Ze/6¹†uZsyj+n¡m eoZIY Œu±XkX—‡miZLZLe e ΩZ(t)g^ Ÿ Ω¨©r6(t)suk+mZU+g w‚ΩmiY[(t)sujXnqeo{XZZ%m

(278) —‡—‡ZLw­e

(279) Y milLDLeoYkX—¡Z%giwOY%g}ewujX{Xn¡wuWLj+moe

(280) Z*—‡p@ZLkXeZ{fZL{Xkfw‚š­j+e|wu—¡Ze 8 j+suk+eVc jX<sugosycj+e ¨ 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. . . . I. R. T. Ωte = ∅. z. z. z. . (x, y). . (x, y). (x, y). d¨ w F™ suj+{XZ¾n‡j+|n‡{fZLj@goZu¨   @¨ ± >d9–™ syj+{fZmol +lL|}U+n¡Zy¨   d¨ |> 9F™ suj+{fZ¾gimiwuj+ezY[nqezZy¨ n‡ŒukXmiZ >%9˜Ze{fn¡«9lLmoZLj@goZLeVsyj+{fZe

(281) {fk xXmosy±X—‡WY[Z/pykIw‚j+{ h 6= 0 Zg c > c ¨.   !>%9. . . . 1. 2. +#,e-+/..

(282) ƒ!E.  

(283)    

(284) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(285) 0(12

(286) ! 3( 4(5. ΩI (t). ΩR (t). . ΩT (t). n‡ŒukXmiZ/!> v

(287) ZLxXmolezZLj@giwOgin¡syj{Xk»¼misuj@g{¤™ suj+{XZp@k+wuj+{ c > c ¨ 0³I¸>‘0µ"^¹³Z  !Z X¸ ¤"µ ^ ¤‘ d

(288) \syk+e

(289) {fl|suY[x9syeosuj+e$—qw%ezsy—¡kXgon‡suj u Zj> 1. . . . . . 2. . >ƒf¨  8 u=u z < 0. sp@Lk˜™ usyj­Zw‚ehkXg m}—<w‚™ syn¡g$j+{fsyZV±fgon¡jIZLjd|kXnq{fZ/Zj@wK†ugoZyZLŸy| |u™ Zehgoœ¥‚œ{fn‡> miZ–—qwGmiZLezgominq|¬gon‡suj w‚k[{fZY[n¡œ<Zezx+wy|Z z > 0 {fZV—qw¾eosu—‡kfgin¡syj c =c  eon x 6∈ Ω (t) : u (x, y, z, t) = 0     eon x ∈ Ω (t) : u (x, y, z, t) = 1 δ (t) wK†uZ| R = px + y + (z − h) ŸX—qw{Xn‡ezgiwuj+|Z/w‚kx9sun‡jyg^eo2πR suk+mi|Zu¨ ›©suY[Y[Z{Xw‚jIeV—¡Z/|wye h = 0 syjjXsugoZLmiw >  Zg c˜ (q) = q c , c  p   c˜ (q) = (. u = ui + ur. 6. z > 0,. t. i. 1. 2. i. I. i. I. ?. 2.   . 2. 11. ?. 2. 1. 1 + q2.  c1   c˜21 (q) = q   c2  1 + c21 q 2 2. e`egf(hji3k3l3i. R c. 2. 12. Zg. 1+. c˜22 (q) = p. c22 2 q c21. c2. 1 + q2. ,.

(290) ƒyƒ. GY(. xXkXnqe.       ˜ q) R(p,              T˜ (p, q)    . Zg. ρ2 1 + p 2. =.  12. − ρ1. 1. ρ2 (1 + p2 ) 2 + ρ2. . . c˜211 (q) c˜212 (q) c˜211 (q) c˜212 (q).  12 + p2  12 , 2 +p. 1 2ρ2 1 + p2 2 ,  2  12 1 c˜22 (q) 2 2 2 + ρ1 (1 + p ) ρ2 c˜2 (q) + p. =. 21. r  c˜11 (q)t c˜211 (q)t2  +   γ1 (t, q) = −i cos θ + | sin θ| − 1,   R R2        +   υ1 (t, q) = −i. \syk+e{fl +jXnqeoeosuj+e$—qw»¼suj+|gon‡suj . c˜11 (q)t cos θ + | sin θ| R. q01 (t). x+w‚m. r. c˜11 (q)2 t2 1− R2. !. s

(291)

(292)

(293) c21 t2

(294)

(295)

(296) q01 (t) =

(297) 1 − 2

(298) . R. r6sukXm{fl +jXn‡m γ (t, q) Zg q (t) j+suk+eVkfgin¡—‡nqezZLmosyj+eV—‡w »¼syj+|¬gin¡syj . + 2. 02. F(p, q, t) = −z 1 + p2.  21. +h. . c˜222 (q) + p2 c˜221 (q).  12. + ipr − c˜22 (q)t = 0,. —¡ezZ[k+n¡gi†OZw‚Y[j@gGx+e> {˜™ wumomin¡†ylZ{fZ%—>™ sujI{fZ[gom}w‚j+eoY[n‡eoZ[w‚k¿xIsyn¡j@g (x, y, z) Ÿ t W d’“’   Y, < Y 1 J5 . < Y Yj j ˜ q>0 t (q) > t. 02. . . . .  . . . $. .  . 3 3   Y j44

(299) [ 

(300)  j J(2   t˜. 

(301) (q) ˜ <,4

(302) 1#3 3 N1'&1S(1  YF(p, 4 Jq, St   (q)). &. . 02. . . 02. 02. = t02 (r, y). <

(303)   j. YN . 02. 1S. '. Ÿ Zg—‡Z%—¡ZLYY[Z. .  . p = p˜02 (q) &. −m < =m(˜ p02 (q)) < 0,. "  m = min(1, c˜21 (q)/˜ c22 (q)) jY (2

(304) J t > t˜02 (q) & F(p, q, t˜02 (q)) "(

(305) 3  (     =m γ2+ (t, q) = =m γ2− (t, q).  .  . . 4

(306) 1 4 S[. γ2+ (t, q). 

(307) . γ2− (t, q).     <e γ2+ (t, q) = −<e γ2− (t, q) > 0.. +#,e-+/..

(308) ƒu‹.  

(309)    

(310) !"#$%'&( )*,+-'./

(311) 0(12

(312) ! 3( 4(5. . jY. J(2 . h(−m, q)/˜ c22 (q) ≤ t ≤ t˜02 (q) F(p, t, q) &.  . p = υ2− (t, q) ∈ [−im p˜02 (q)]. 12

(313) &11  Y  "( &.  . h(w, q) = −z 1 − w. #   : (

(314) (. q 7→ t˜02 (q). 2.  21. +h. .  

(315) 1.  . p = υ2+ (t) ∈ [˜ p02 (q) ; im], . c˜222 (q) − w2 c˜221 (q).  . 4(5 .

(316) (j < Y .  21. − wx.. +. d’“³Z µ Xµ'^¹³Z ” 90w[Y%wOthZLkXmiZ¾xIw‚mogon‡Z{fZ|Z/—‡ZY[Y[ZZLezgkXjXZ/mill|min°gikXmiZ{Xk—‡ZY[Y[Z ƒX¨ ‹[{fZ/—qw[xXmiZY[n¡WLmoZ/xIw‚mogon‡Z 6¼ZLj­moZLYx+—‡wJIw‚j@g Zkfg g c x+{XwuZ m v c˜ (q)Zg^p@ZkXg Z c˜ (q)8 ¨ —˜ZLjXezZg^mi|ZLmiezsugonqZ/eoeiZLw‚jj@gi»¹Z¾w‚n¡eogGkXp@m k˜v ™ ¥%{Xl¨ Y[suj@gomiZmp@kXZ c I x y s X k V m o g y s q q 7→ t˜ (q) t˜ (q) > t p@T0adkXsusyn¡Z„kOg thsu—‡qZLk+e¢mi>e†@n¡{˜0goZ™¨ wueoxXeo›©ZLmoeWsue/j+{Xeo—‡w‚Z¢n‡{XjIl—‡e*ZmiY[su—‡ZLj+Y[e¢e Z{XY%Zƒfkfw‚¨ š‹­n‡jygi{fY[ZZ*j+n¡—‡wu—qn‡w­Zj@kfg%xXš mip@ZkXjXY[ZZ„n‡W—‡eoZLmisue%Z%j@g¢{fx+ZLw‚x+kfmo—¡goš“k+n‡Zue Y[Ÿ c—¡n¡Z*—‡n¡ZLgoZkfZg š£Y[cx+eosue j@Y%g*w‚{fnqe Z c˜{fZLn¡Y[ez(q)gZLj+—¡Z¢ezZn‡g jXsujsuc˜kXƒf†y(q)Ÿ©ZLwuZk g ¨ goxIZLsyYn¡j@xIg e Y[n‡jXn‡ŸXYsukXmVY n‡—˜ZLY[ezgnqe l†dxInqw‚{fmZj@kXgj“p@m}kXwKZ cusuj§x9suk+mwu—¡—‡ZZm[g {fZ¢—qw„eosuk+mi|Z> {f—‡Z/ZjX|t˜sysdkXsu†u(q) m}Z{fw‚suk¢j+jXY[lZn‡—¡e n‡Z(0,k †dh)n‡mzgikXw‚Zk — ZLezgxX—‡k+(r,e

(317) —‡z)Zj@geosupyj@k+gGZ/{f—¡lZ|Y[misun¡nq—‡eon‡eiZw‚k j@mogolLZZ:e —˜>V{f—¡syZc˜j+Y[| (q)t˜n‡—¡n‡Z(q)k„<†@c>n‡mogotkXZL¨Fc— ˜•^{fZL(q) Z/†dY n¡ZL<jyDY[g¾c{fZyŸfZ—¡ZxXeV—‡k+»¼eGsuj+Z|j­gon‡xXsu—‡j+k+e eGq—¡ZL7→j@g¾c˜p@k+(q) Zg ‚ w I j { q 7→ c˜ (q) q w‚kXŒyY[Zj@goZyŸX{fsuj+| t˜ (q) ZLezg±Xn¡ZLjk+jXZ»¼suj+|gon‡suj­|misunqeieowujygiZu¨   ³ O³9¸¹¸ j^  $ -2-  

(318)  q 7→ t˜ (q) 3 3 Y 

(319)  

(320)  (\. .

(321). 1. 02. 2.

(322) 21 +. 02. 22.

(323). +. 02. 1. 2. 21. 22. 02. 21. 1. 02. 22. 2. 0. 21. 22. 02. .  . . . (7! Y NJdj1:

(324) 2 

(325)     j. J(!. +. & t 7→ q02 (t) &. . 02. [t02 ; +∞],. jY. t > t02. r6sykXm

(326) —¡Z/|Lw‚—q|kX—0{XZ¾—<™ suj+{fZ{XZGg4DgiZ{Xw‚j+eV—‡Z/Y[n¡—‡n‡ZkHEjXsuk+eVkXgon‡—¡nqezZLmosyj+eV—qw»¼syj+|¬gin¡syj q1 (t) =. {Xl +jXn‡Z/x9sukXm . R sin θ. s. v u u t. | sin θ| c1 t − R| cos θ| | cos θ|.  f  . f .f. c2 1 − 21 c2. R 1 1 R| cos θ| <t< − 2+ c21 c2 c2 sin θ. \^suk+eVx9suk+†usujIeVY[wun¡j@giZj+wujyg

(327) lLjXsuj+|ZmV—‡Z f. s. . .f. !2. s. c21 c22. −. 1 1 − 2. c21 c2. f. f.   1 + !  ,  %    , +%  ,;

(328)  : !   )     &% 8   %& , !

Références

Documents relatifs

usual route to school and provide us with some details about their travel routine (e.g., schedule, mode of transportation, people accompanying them, etc.); 3) recent interventions

La question de l’extension des limites de Paris jusqu’à cette ligne avait été discutée mais ne fut tranchée que par un décret impérial du 9 janvier 1859 qui décidait de

C'est aussi le résidant pas chez leurs parents fréquentent deux fois parativement à la province, les étudiants de Nanterre ne lement ce moindre attachement à la ville

In this paper, we study the performance of an enhanced channel estimation technique combining estimation using an autocorrelation based method and the Expectation-

Selon Laeven et Valencia (2012) , le coût budgétaire de la crise bancaire s’est respectivement élevé à 44 et 41 points de PIB en Islande et en Irlande, ce qui place ces deux

Dans ce travail, nous comparerons les entreprises coopératives, détenues par leurs membres, dont le produit risqué est la ressource critique apportée et dont l’objectif est

L’indice EMBI a augmenté de 77 points de base entre le point bas de mi-septembre 2007 et fin février, en partie conduit par la hausse de 300 points de base du spread de l’Argentine