ﻕﻭــﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ
ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭــﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡـﺴﻗ
ﺹﺼﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ
:
-ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ
.
ﺏﻝﺎــﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ
:
-ﺫﺎــﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺕﺤﺘ
:
ﺩﻤـﺤﻤ ﺏﻴﺎـﺸﻝﺍ
ﺩ
.
ﺼ
ﻲﻨﺎـﻴﺯ ﺢﻝﺎـ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ
:
ﺍ
ﺩ
.
ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻏ ﻙﻭﺭﺒـﻤ
ﺔــﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔــﻌﻤﺎﺠ
ﺎـــــﺴﻴﺌﺭ
ﺩ
.
ﻴﺯ
ﻲﻨﺎ
ـﺼ
ﺢـﻝﺎ
ﺔــﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔــﻌﻤﺎﺠ
ﺍﺭﺭـﻘﻤﻭ ﺎﻓﺭﺸﻤ
ﺩ
.
ﻱﻭـﻗ ﺔـﻴﻨﺤﻭﺒ
ﺔــﻌﻤﺎﺠ
ﺔـﻠﻗﺭﻭ
ﺎـــــﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ
ﺩ
.
ﻲﻝﻼﻴﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻁﺎﻓ
ﺔــﻌﻤﺎﺠ
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ
ﺎـــــﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ
ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎـﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴـﻝﺍ
:
1429
-1430
ـﻫ
/
2008
-2009
ﻡ
.
ﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ
ﺂ
ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻁﻭﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻝ
:
)
ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
(
ﻡﺪﻗﺃ
ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻋ
ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺸﻤﻠﻟ
"
ﱐﺎﻳﺯ ﱀﺎﺻ
"
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻴﻨﻤﺘﻣ
ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﱪﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﷲﺍ ﻪﻳﺯﺎﳚ ﻥﺍﻭ ،
ﻲﻌﻣ
...
ﺔﺤﻴﺼﻨﺑ ﲏﻬﺟﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻓﺮﺣ ﲏﻤﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﻭ
ﻪﺣﻭﺮﺑ ﲑﳋﺍ ﱄ ﲎﲤ
ﻪﺒﻠﻗﻭ
...
ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ
ﺥﻸﻟ
ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ
"
ﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ
"
ﰲ ﻪﺗﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺝﺍﺮﺧﺇ
ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃﻭ
ﺍﲑﺧﺃﻭ
ﻡﺪﻗﺃ
ﻱﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﻱﺮﻜﺷ
ﱃﺇ
ﻲﻌﻣ ﻒﻗﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ
ﺎﻳﺩﺎﻣ ﲏﻤﻋﺩﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﺸﻣ ﰲ
ﻞﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺎﻳﻮﻨﻌﻣﻭ
ﺮﺛﻷﺍﻭ
ﻯﺭﺎﺼﻗ ﻝﺬﺑﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﻱﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ
ﻱﺪﻬﺟ
ﺀﺎﻹ
ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ
ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ
ﻞﻳﺰﳉﺍ
ﱃﺇ
ﻞﻛ
ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ
ﰲ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ
ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﺔﻨﺗﺎﺑ
.
ﻞﻛ ﱃﺍﻭ
ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ
ﻢﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ
،
ﻦﻟﻭ
ﻰﺴﻧﺃ
ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ
ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ
ﺧ
ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎ
"
ﻱﻮﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺣﻮﺑ
"
،
ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻃ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺍﻭ
:
ﻕﺭﺎﻃ
،
،ﲑﲰ
ﻥﺍﻮﺿﺭ
،
ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﻼﻋ
،
ﺪﻴﲪ
،
ﻰﻤﻠﺳ
،
ﺔﳝﺮﻛ
،
ﺔﻴﻫﺯ
،
...
ﺐﻳﺎــــﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ
ﺩﻌﺘ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻜﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺜ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺤﻀﺃ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ لﺤﻤ ﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ، ﻪﻠﻤﺤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻭ .
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺍﺫﻝ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻫﺭﺇ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺍ لﺤﻤ ﻪﻨﺎﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ . ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻜ ﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻭﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ، ﻲﻓﻭ ﻁﻨﻤ ﻠ ﻪﺘﺎﻘ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ . ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ لﺠﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻥﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎﻜ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ،ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀ ﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﻨﺎﻓ ﺍ ﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ،لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ، ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ . ﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻘﻠﻁﻨ ﺎﻨ ﻭﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﻪﻨﻤ : ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺤﺘﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺭﺠﻨﻴ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ . ﺎﻨﺠﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺙﻴﺤ ،لﻭﺼﻓ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﻬﻅﻝ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺈﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺕﺎﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ . لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺃ لﺤ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺴﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﺘﻤﺘﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ، ﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ ؛لﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺦﻴﺴﺭﺘ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩ ،ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ، ، ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻉﺍﺭﺘﺨﺍ ، ﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﻓﻭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥ ﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﻨﺎ ﺕﺎ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﺨﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺓﻭﻋﺩﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺠ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﺃ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻴﺩ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻠ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺩﻴﻁﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺓ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ
ﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ لﻼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ، ﻲﻫﺎﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻻﺇ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻠﻝ لﺼﻓ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻅﺤﻼﻴ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎ ﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﺍ لﻤﻜﻴﻭ ﻡﻋﺩﻴﻭ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﺎﻫﻼﻜﻓ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﺘﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ لﻤﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ -ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ، ﺩﻌﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﺔ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻤﺎﻋﺩﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻪﻝ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺎ ﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻭ ﺎ ﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠ ، ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . ﻥﻤﻭ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﺴﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝ ﻭﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ،ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ،ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ، ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺎ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻭ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺩﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴ ،ﺭﻘﻔﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﻱﺩﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻠﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﻤ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ لﺨﺩﻤﻜ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤﻜﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﻲﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﺒ ﻥﻭﻫﺭﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻅﻴ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﻑﺎﺼﻨﻹﺎﻜ ﻡﻜﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ... ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ .
أ ﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻓﺍﺩﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﺠﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎ . ﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴ ،ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺩﻗ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺜ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻓ ﻙﺍﺭﺤ -ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺭﺠﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ، ﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻠﻝ ﺎﺒﺼﺨ ﺍﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻭ ، ﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻘﺤﻝ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺴﻨﺃ ﻕﻓﻭﻭ ، ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻕﺎ ؛ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻗﺍ ﺼﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎ ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻓ . ﺩﻌﺘ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ لﻤﺤﻴ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻜ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ، ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ -ﺍﺯﺎﺠﻤ -ﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﺒ ) E ( ﺩﻘﻓ ، ،ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻨﺍ ،ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ... ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﻻﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝ ... ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻁﻠﺨ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺎﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺜﺤ ، ﻲﻠﻌﻓ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ، ﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ،ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻠﻝ ﺞﻝ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ : ﻲﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺎﻜ ... ﻡﺩﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ، ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﺼﺍﻭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺎﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺭﺸﺃ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ – ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻓ ﺘ ﹰﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﻠﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ لﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺘﺄﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﺄﺸﺒ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻭﻜ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻜﺭﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜﻭ ،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ . ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺭﺸﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻓﺩﻤ ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻭ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻜ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻜ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﺤﺼ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻀﻴﺭﻋﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻔﻠﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﻝﻭﺒﻗ -ﻪﻝﻭﺒﻗ ﻡﺘ ﻥﺇﻭ -ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ لﺜﻤﻴ لﻬﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝ لﺤﻜ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ، ﻭ لﻫ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻡﺃ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ لﻌﻠﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﻲﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴ
ب ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺔﻀﻭﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻬﻴﻭﻬﺘﺴﻴ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ . ﺩﻌﻴ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻪﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻼﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻝ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ . ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺭﺜﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ -ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺼ ﻥﺇ ﺭﺎﺜﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺩﻫﺎﺠ لﻭﺎﺤﻨ ﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺩ -ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭ -ﻭ ﻨ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻘﺘﻌ ﻲﺘﻵﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﻭﻨﻋ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ " ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻁﻭﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ : ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ". ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ : ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ : 1 -ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ : ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﺎﺼﺘﺨﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺸﻴ : ﺃ -ﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻋﺩ-ﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ-ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻨﺒﺘﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ . -ﺏ -ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺁﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻴﺔ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . -ﺝ -ﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ . ﺩ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺠﻨ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﺤ ﺀﺍﻭﺩﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ . 2 ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ) ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ( : ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ : ﺃ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ – ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ -ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺌﺍﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻘﺤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺭﻁ ﺔﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ؛ ﺏ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ – ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﻠﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴ . ﺕ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﻗﺇ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ؛ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ
ج ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﺕﺎ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ . ﺝ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻤ ﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺍ ﻼﺌﺎﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﻲﺘ ﺍ ﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺎ ﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺎ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻪﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ . ﺡ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﻷﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺭﺸﻨ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ – ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ، ) ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺠﺭﻨ ( . ﺥ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻑﻜﻭ لﺎﻌﻓ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻁﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻴ ﻥﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﺘﺄﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﺔﻝﺀﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﻅﻨ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ -لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ -ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻜ . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ : ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻻﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ : -1 -ﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤ ﻭ ﻡ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ . -2 ﻕﻴﻗﺩ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻝ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻷ ﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﺎ. -3 -ﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ . -4 -ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨ-ﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤ-ﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤ-ﻭ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤ ﻴ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . -5 -ﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ل-ﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻭ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﺩﻋﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ . -6 -ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑ-ﻭﻗ-ﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ . -7 -ﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵ-ﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ ، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝ ﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ : ﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔ ، ﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ، ﻪﻨﺎﻓ ﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻨﺩ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻝ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻜﻴﻜﻔﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻭ ﻡ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
د ›› ... ﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺘ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ... ؟ ‹‹ . ﺒ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻨ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ : 1 -ﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝ . ﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻫﺭﻭﻬﻅﻝ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎ؟ 2 -؟ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ 3 ؟ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻤﺎﻋﺩ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ 4 -ﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻋﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻭ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ 5 -ﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻗﻭﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ . 6 -ﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝ ﻋ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺎﻴﺒﺭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ . ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ : ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ : ›› ... ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺠﻨﻴﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺫﺨﺘﻴ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﻩﺩﻴﻁﻭﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘﻭ ... ‹‹ ﻋ ﻉﺭﻔﺘﺘﻭ ، ﻥ ﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﻊﺒﺭﺃ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭ ﻲﻫ : 1 -ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲ ﻩﺭﻭﻬﻅﻝ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ . 2 -ﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤ ، ﻭ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻋﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ . 3 -ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺫﺨﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻼﻜ ﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ . 4 -ﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠ-ﻭﺃ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ، ﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ، ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ . ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ : ﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻱ ﺴﻨ ﺔ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺒ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ، ﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻴ ﻪﻨ ﻤ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠ ﻭ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ .
ﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩﻭ ﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭ ﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺕﺍﺭﺘﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻭﺃ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ، ﻴﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺠﺴﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺔ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ) 1 ( . ﻭ ﻠﻋ ﻪﻴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺼﺭﺒ ﺔ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﻬﻅﻝ ﺔ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ، ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻭ لﻴﻝﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ، ﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻨ . 2 -ﻥﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ : ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ : ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻠﺤﺭﻤﻜ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔ ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻸﻝ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺴﻠﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻨﻴﻌﻤ ، ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺍﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻜ ﻑﺼﻭ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭ ، ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ لﻜ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﺭ ﺩﻘﻓ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻻﻭﺃ ،ﻥﻴﺘﺭﻭﺼ ) ﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ( ﺔﻘﻴﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜﻭ ، ) ﻭﺃ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ convergence or Divergence (، ﻭ ﻫﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺩﻌﻝ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﺎﻬﻤ : 1 -ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻥﺄﺸﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ . 2 -ﻥﻤ ﻪﻔﺼﻭ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﺍﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ . 3 -ﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﺨ ﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠ ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺭﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺤﺼ . 3 -ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ : ﻭ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺇ ﻰﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﺒ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺍﺫﻜ ) 2 ( ، ﺍﻭﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻤﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺏﻨ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺢﻀﻭﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺤﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ . ) 1 ( _ ﺭﺩﻴﻭﺩ ﺩﻴﺤﻭ ﺀﺎﺠﺭ ﻱ , ﻥﻋ ﻼﻘﻨ : ﺴ ﻤ ﺭﻴ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺒ '' ﻲﺒﺎﺨﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ : ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝ ﻱﺭﻤﻌﻤ ﺩﻭﻝﻭﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﻕ -ﻭﺯﻭ ﻱﺯﻴﺘ -'' ، ) ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ، ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺭﺒﻤﺘﺒﺴ ، 2007 (، ﺹ . 08 . ) 2 ( _ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻤﺴ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭ ﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ، ﺹ . 109 .
و ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﺤﻨ ﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺩﺼ . ﺏ -ﺍﺭﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺒ : ﺇ ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝ ، ﻴ ﺩﻘﺘﻌ ﻪﺒ ﻴﻌﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﻔﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ لﻤﺘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻥ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ، ﻜ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺎ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻲ ، ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ، ﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ... ﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺄﺠﻠﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﺒﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺕ . ﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ -ﻝﺍ ﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜ -ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ، ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤ ﻭ ، لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺨﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ل : -1 -ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ : ﻏﺭ ﺃ ﻡ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻜ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤ لﻘﺤﻜ ﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﻜﻷﺍ ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺱﺭﺩﻴ ﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻜ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻝ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺯﺤﻷﺍ ﻜﺤﻝﺍ ، ﻡ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ... -2 -ﻲﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ : ﻭﻫ ﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ،لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻜ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﺘﻨﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ) 1 ( ، ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ
Back Office Operations
ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻼﻝﺎﻜ ، ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔ ﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﻬﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴ ﻭ ، ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻲ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ -ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ . -3 -ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ : ﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻴﻔﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ، ﻭ ﻉﺍﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺩﻭﻘﻴ لﺨﺩﻤﻜ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻕ ﺇ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺡﻼﺼ ﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅﺒ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺨ ﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝ . ) 1 ( _ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻤﺴ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭ ﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﺹ ، . 109 .
ز ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻘﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﺭﺎ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ 2000 ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ 2008 ﻡﺍ لﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﺭﺎﻘﺘ ، ﺴﻴﻭ ﺕ Darall M. Weast ، ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺙﻝﻭﻨﻤﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ .. . ﺎﺴﺩﺎﺴ : ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ -ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ Government : ﻲﻫ ﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺯﺎ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅ ﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴ ﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺨﺘ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ . ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ E-Government : ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻁﺴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ، ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺘﻨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ، ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ، لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ، ... ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻭ لﺎﻌﻓ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﻕ ﺀﻑﻜ ﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻓﻼﺘﻭ ،ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻹﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻭ ، ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺴ . -ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ E-Administration: ﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻺﻝ ﺔ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻜ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ Process ، ﻩﺫﻫ ﻌﻔﺒ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺄﺘ ل ﺩﺇ ﺭﻴﺜ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ لﺎﺨ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ (INTC) ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻹﺍ . -ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺍﻭﺒﻝﺍ E-Portal : ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﺩﺤﻭﻤ لﺨﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺘ ﺩﺤ ﻴ ﺃ ﺩ ﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺩﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻌ ﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺍﻭﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ لﻜﻝ ﻭﺃ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ لﻜﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺙﻼﺜ ... ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﻀ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻭ ، ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ . -ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ
The new public management(NPM)
: ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻺﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﻤﻝ ﺵﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﺓﺭﺅﺒ ﻥﻤﻜﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ Management ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ، Theories ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ، instrument ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺂﻜ ، ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝﻭ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ) 1 ( ﻭﻫ ﻕﺩﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ ،
(1) _ cristiano codagnone and Maria A.Wimmer, « Roadmapping E-government research :
visions and Measures towards innovative government in 2020», results from the
EC-funded project eGovRTD2020, http://www.egovrtd2020.org/, Page web consultée le: 11/02/2008, P.189.
ح ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ . -ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ Knowledge Management : ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺤﺘ ﺤﺘﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘﻭ ؛ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻭ ،ﻥﺯﺨﻭ ،ﺀﻑﻜﻝﺍ ) 1 ( . -ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ information society : ﺓﺩﺸﺒ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻑﺼﻴ ﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻭ ،ﻥﺯﺨﻭ ،ﺯﺎﺠﻨﻻﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ؛لﺎﺼﺘﻻ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ) 2 ( . ﺏﺴﺤ لﻜﺸﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﻭﻤﻨﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺨﺭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ . -ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ good governance : ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ) normative ( ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺀﺎﺠ لﺨﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻜ ، لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺎ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴﻭ ؛ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤ ،ﺔﻝﺀﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻼﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤ ،ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍ ... ﻲﻓﻭ ؛ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻁﺨﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻴ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍ لﻴﻜﺸﺘﻭ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻠﻝ ﺝﻭﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺎﺒ ) 3 ( ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﺱﻤﺨ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻌﻀﻭ لﺎﺜﻤﻜﻭ ، ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ : ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ Openness ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ، Participation ﺔﻝﺀﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ، accountability ، ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ
effectiveness and coherence
. -ﺴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔ (re-engineering) : لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﺔﻨﺭﺼﻌﻝ لﺨﺩﻤ ﻭﻫ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻴﻌﺴ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ) ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ ( ﻭ ، ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻠﻝ ﻕﻴﻤﻋ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺫﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻔﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺭﺴﺒ ﺩﺭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝ ﻊﻴﺭﺴ لﻌﻓ ﺩﺭﻝ ، ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ) 4 ( . (1) _ Idem. (2) _ Ibid, P.188. (3) _ Idem. (4) _ Ibid, P.185.
ط ﻥﻭﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ لﺎﺜﻤﻜﻭ ، ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ؛ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺼﺇ ﺭﻤﺍﻭﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻜ ﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ، ﻝ ﺔﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻠ ﺘﺭﻻ ﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒ ﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺎﻜ ) ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ( ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻊﻤ . -ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ E-readiness : ﺘ ﻝ ﺭﻴﺸ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻝﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﻺ ﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍﻭ ﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺱﺎﻘ : ﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻭﻬﺠ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﺸﺅﻤ ،ﺏﻴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺅﻤ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ . ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺸﻨﻭ 2001 ﺙﻴﺤ ، ﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﺯﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺸﻴﻝ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻴﻝ ،ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﺒ ﻪﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ... ﺎﻌﺒﺎﺴ : ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﻯﺭﻴ " ﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻥﻴﻝ Fan Daline " ﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺃ ، ﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻘﺒﺎ ﺔ ﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺯﻴ ﺎ ﺴ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻊﻀﻴ ﻲﻜﻝ ﻡﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺙﺤ ﻠ لﻜﻜ ﻪﺜﺤﺒﻝ ﺎﻤﻴ ) 1 ( ، ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺫﺨﺘﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﻌﻤ ﺭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻘﺘﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺃ ﺔﻓ ﻭ ،ﺩﻋﺎﺒﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺃﻭ ، ﻌﻤ ﺔﻓﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﻐﺜﻝﺍ ؛ ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤ لﻘﺤ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺠﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻐﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﻱ ﻭ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ : 1 ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ ) ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ( 10 / 12 ﻭﻴﺎﻤ 2003 ﻡ ﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ ، ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺤﺒ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻋﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﺜ ﻭ ﺎ ،ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻡﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺱﻤﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻋﺯﻭﺘ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻗﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺓﻭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺸﻗﺎﻨ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻭ ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺸﻗﺎﻨ ﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ، ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻜﻴﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﺓﻭﻁﺨﻜ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻴ ﻭ ، ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺍﻭﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻫﺄﺘ ) 1 ( _ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻤﺴ ﺍ ﻤﻝ ﻊﺠﺭ ﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﺹ ، , 14 ,
ي 2 -ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ : ﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻅﻴﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ لﺌﺎﻨﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ) 1422 ﻩ( ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺍ لﻗﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ لﻭﺤﺘﻝ ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨ ﺹﻘﻨﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨﻭ ، ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ، لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺼﻭﺃ ﺩﻗ ﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺄﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﺒﻭ ،ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﺒﻨﺠﺘ ﻭ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝﻭ ، ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴ ، ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻕﺎﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺘﻝﺍ ) 2 ( . 3 -ﺨ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩ ﺀﺍﺩﺃﻭ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ : ﻭ ل ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ : ﺙﻴﻝ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﷲﺍ ﺩﻌﺴ 2004 ، ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺩﻫ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ : ) 3 ( 1 ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﻠﺒ ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨ ) ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ( ﻭ ﻕﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ . 2 -ﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑ ﻭ ،ﺔﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕ ﺩﺤﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﺍﺩﻴ ﻌﻴﺘﺴﺍ ﺏﺎ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ . ﻥﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻠﻋ ﻪﻌﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻡﺜ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺸﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰ 10 % ﻥﻤ ﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺘﻨ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺘ ﺎ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌ : 1 -ﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴ . 3 -ﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝ-ﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻪﺠ-ﺍﻭﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﺘ . 4 -ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ، ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻫﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎ . ) 1 ( _ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ :) ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ( ، 10 -12 ﻱﺎﻤ 2003 ، ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴ : ﻁﻘﺴﻤ . ) 2 ( _ ﻤﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻅﻴﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ لﺌﺎﻨ ﺔ ، '' ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ '' ، ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ، ﺩﻠﺠﻤ 29 . ﻉ 1 ) 1422 ﻩ( ، ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ . ) 3 ( _ ﻥﺒ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻠﻋ ،ﺵﻴﻭﺭﺩ '' ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ : ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺩﺒ '' ، ) ،ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻠﻝ ﻑﻴﺎﻨ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ : ﺱﺭﺎﻤ 2005 ( ﺹ ، . 133 .
ك ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﻀﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻡﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﺘﺴ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭ ﺎﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﻀﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻊﻤ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺒﻠﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﻭ ، ﺭﺒﺠﺘﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻋﺩ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻭ ، ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺩﺤ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ . 2 ﺭﺎﺘﺴﺩﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺒﻭ ل 2001 Headster &Bull : ﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻝ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﺎﻜ ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻴ ﺒﺭ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻠﻤﺸ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﻀﻭﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﺕ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ : ﻥﺃ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻗ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻕ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘﺴﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻭ ، ﻭ ، ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ،ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬ ﻐﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻴ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺫﺠ ﺕﺍﺭﻴ ﻭ ، لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻲﻝﻵﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﻭﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ، ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﺠﻴﻭ لﺒ ﻭ ، ﻝ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺕﺍﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻜﺃ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺯﺯﻌﻴ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻀﺭﻋ ﺔﻐﻤﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﻫ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃ ﺔﺴﺍ ﻭ ﻀ ﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ لﻭﻠﺤ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭ ﻠﺤﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻨﺎﻁﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻘﺒ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻬ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺴﺎﺒ ﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘ ﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ . 3 ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ " ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ "
THE GOVERNANCE ARCHITECTURE OF
GLOBAL ICT PROGRAMMES:A CASE STUDY OF GOVERNNENT JORDAN ﻭ ﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ـ : '' ﺍﺭﺎﻔﻨ لﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩ ﻭﻘﻴﺩﻝ
DIEGO DANIELE NAVARRA
''، ﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﻥﺩﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ 2006 ، ﻨ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺓﺭﻅ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﻜ ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﻁﻤﻨ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﻤ ﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺩﻨﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭ . ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺯﻜﺭ ﺙﻴﺤ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻻﻭﺼ ﺜﻤﺘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﺇ ل ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺓﺯﻴﻜﺭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ، ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴﻓ ﻲﻨ
