شعراء المغرب الأوسط النازحون الى القيروان قبل خرابها
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(31) ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻐﺭﺏ :. 3-دZو4dא=<אVو SאX% *=+¥אN−−0$¥د[( א3+Hن &7ن X7א9-E$ن|+$<6א3א 9وX%א-ص <א -%*@6ن< L b* 6T20* &7 وX%א-ص*-%<7eא=<OلאG<»،*@6ذنאX MS*=+¥ذ uوא( Y<7א 7Vو9 @%وא 47a<N&7a+و[Y =+ن= X%ن(1)«−−و&7< -%و"אk[t+%א Y *=+¥نe ^م E +7 7G،=+M %7א3\y9%X% -X%א*+Fא=<* .*6T25 mج Eא*@6 -X%و)ن36SENFمذא"?"a66$%nو)نX7B$+ "א»،*T" t+%وא ْ<@7e%aن"*+$E%"r-6و ,J(<JאومMkeא E 6a+ *)-HאX% אO# Lw(2)«?%Cو د،MوHא3A7CSBش? EאC Ba <Ny 9%X%ل* 6 7. X&N*"Jאوم،*&=J&Jj3A8+%Lb،AD<a<NFDوkS%אذdلא وم* @6% و 6 jE 3Eא،و7א3אP+$%9א E ?7VאX%א@?%Cل7 u 7#OE%N N7»: ?7OEאY 7cHنI\*6 H%א a+א+Hو)نذ .(3)«*6T27*u وujdنMkא*lNAB)*)-Hو%*+Fא©Wא;97:و3Jא4אومא _)a + A B *Eא -<dאد)}Nن -אد3<6ن*,7X7و X 7 =X6 Oא= Bوא وموא %ªوLS)3 +7و د אO k736+Hون=،و E @NSא*+$E < S*%«,<By9%X%و* &=J وX&Nא،LVوذلאوموא،%ªوX7Lذ3EJuلn3+7-%א%ªא;:م،و, <BLX7Mkª<-. MkאC8و#و:¬?E)P7موא(4)+Hو Jא)<= E aא# -H%y9%X%وא&،+وnf 6. *7Nא<،n* :$و+-א < ذ %7sHuאX7א< -אد( ,EJ -%א3 E@ %ªلא; :م و ukد @7و »B?w*6T28*&7e<6dد3Hא<*+Fא# 7* 6T33* * @6 S+@BN*Bbא 6 S-ل a+نאNya%X%ولن<=X + +* -%* @6%g. "6א# -Hوא&Aq@B++אCw S-א .(5)«*Bb . ) (1ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﺭ :ﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ،ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،1984،ﺹ. 13 ) (2ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ:ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﺩﻝﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ،ﺝ،1ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺝ.ﺱ.ﻜﻭﻻﻥ ﻭ ﺇ.ﻝﻴﻔﻲ ﺒﺭﻭﻓﻨﺴﺎل ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ، ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ،ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻁ ،1983 ،3ﺹ . 9 ) (3ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ . 12 ) (4ﻴﻨﻅﺭ:ﺩ /ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ :ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺭ،ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ،ﻁ،1988،1ﺹ .30 ) (5ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ :ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺹ . 15. 10.
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(33) و)Hنאr xא¯+E3=+9+FVد #3א;:مX7 %:א<=?eא(Eא # Hذ u. `*6א #3وא ع *6 7tG<»Sא@?وאن)نr xدh6و r xو(1)«9 %Nو kא 67ل ke|BX%*E@ &@7(EBa+אא9-א3³دא) kنG%(7G6ن3نא@?وאنC)7א + I+-%7وא=@ISوא،-$Hو<*B7X L+א@?وאنودوא`$<B7 @Nd qقL V אHא)Cא=*6وאe*@Yא،08Hوא<-7(-و +X %*+7"*6אk -، &7a + " &BVא א%"?[VאSHد*@6a+ "6و Cل @|BX%*Eو)نذ .(2)*6T55*u. و-7e3*6T60*eو=9%X%*6ن،وAqא *:¥א*Bb*E@ (-< 6C6% 7 -،*@6a+و (Fא@?وאن»9%a+ EJאSHد6ووe@bא` 6وא<S%~+mز? tJX%א(3)« 3+Eو @M%*Eא08HאVو3@%- 7Uאزא&3 +א& a <Nو ( F א08Hא -%a&JVن[ض"*6w%"e*6pn-7و""tHو"אCא"0و""4وMk 4 S J אn-Hنא J$BCEدوא א<4 z|7~Dא%ªא-Hو*"L%אªא3<"tBن*SEא@Hو*7 eא08HאVو(4)Uو-%s6א אن @} NX 7 E6*Eא3 %=+ a S<Bא SHدe 6. א<@X70א%ªو،LS)3+7و& @uk%אF X77א Oa$ }NyTد|7Mא%ªو[*F |7ز +*F*+)LSومא T$BCEدوא)7نLS%و %א3DE &~ X 7 %ªא* SE وא p# Nא .(5)+H. و9FJ*E@ ¯+%Hא¯+%a<N08Hא،U³د[(¯+%a<Nא| L bX$%IH 6 6אIوJل»:אA8+% J9B SjLS+א´3Sد،وkd3אאeAqHDEא:Eد =)X 7(J. X7 N E-6da<Nu%دو(6)«uBو -%ن^Mk*E@-Aא&<Bdא4א:%e*+,xدאJ08Hم S C7אنא -ل،وذאقא9Vא*$+ X7Lk@BX6kא وم"L -א`،* 6و"LS< +א)k %# @-Hא و"X7SאVوbن3،א(Fא? "*Eو79B®a+ 9אX7(Nא@?وאن،و ~J3و7א3 Wد ن M37 @<6א@?وאن3 -%3ج،ووא G%LنLS%D<+6وId3X$73א*%8HאX6kא< 3+א. ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6. ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ :ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺹ . 72 ﻴﻨﻅــﺭ :ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﺭ :ﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ،ﺹ . 14 ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﻴﺭ:ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ،ﺝ،4ﺩﺍﺭ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ،ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ،ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ،ﺩ ﻁ،ﺩ ﺕ ،ﺹ.105 ﻴﻨﻅـــﺭ :ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ :ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺝ ،1ﺹ . 24 ﺩ /ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺭﻱ :ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻐـــﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ،ﺹ. 30 ﺃﺒﻭ ﺒﻜﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻜﻲ :ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻭﺱ ،ﺝ ،1ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﻭﺵ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻝﻌﺭﻭﺴﻲ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ،ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ،ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻁ،1994،2ﺹ.39. 12.
(34) وLSENو| LSJ Xא;Fوא:wVل،و) ن @ J* Eא <+e*+ ) -7PD$ Fא0 8H <%-و<*+)pSא .(1) 8 وeא*+6$א=אو\*E@-%ن@6#%0Jل3SدLD< #א@< لX %. א+Hوא»،%ªو |BX%*E@ (<Jو3%אSHو )X 7ن S-7وdA +=6א@(2)«( +و) ن kא* .*6T64 )نGEא<SOد @* Eو3 =BeL | Jسא Je* F[+ Hא _ %א@ ?وאن،وe [MkL qא NVאאs*E&-ز?tJX%א ,J 3+Eא@?وאنن)}E+6X*+نzS6وB |$<6XدPDB-و"03 -7X7א .t+% وeא*א_א<47*E@ S SOא-7X% 6C6*=+¥و*6وFא7 7VوאنX%א`# HL وoLb#Cلא` Lא E *=+¥א7X%u+Hوאنאa+ |% kא-ش*L &*6T65نk [G6 ،*+)X7MGY%ون7G*@6 -<6אtJX%א 3+Eא) kن6אPJא NVא 3<%* J%X7 ~NC،*@6ز? %GY+م @ .*6T67**E . و,*+)|zא،%ªوא <jא@<ل %א= @6وאC SBمא %ªو *+ ) ( <Jو د) ?E. ،LS7وMkeא*)-Hذلא%ªوLSBAوLxو[LS<)3j4 qوא7(Dpא=(3)*µوX ز?نא J$¥زאلون»א JX7Vא<<e CPא;#7وא(X7א@ ?وאن* Jª% S O<J O7. +:@7وم«)(4و7نA8+%אlIEBVعא E *=+¥א7X%u+Hوאن\@<(ز?t JX %אa <N 3 +E 3J?E)©CSeא(@7~-%7ووJA-pدN#نX%א-نא9B8و M¢ ([ ،*@6א@?وאنوCwא*"Jوא<<.(5)#3 SD ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5. ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﺭ :ﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ،ﺹ .16 ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺜﻌﺎﻝﺒﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺸﻤﺎل ﺇﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺹ . 54 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺃﺒﻭ ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻴﻕ :ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺹ، 20 ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺜﻌﺎﻝﺒﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺸﻤﺎل ﺇﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ،ﺹ .58،57 ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻠﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ،ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻠﻲ ،ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ،1976،ﺹ . 30 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ :ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ .16 ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻼﻝﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ.183 ،179. 13.
(35) 8+%Lbنאa #7א*¢Xא -א،++Iو3=BA$ % Jذ * N%אVوאس08H % אVوS-$6،Uא%ªو3=dنNLS،7نX%א-ن @،S,وא אHنאA- k ،*B7SB0JSj3و א <Nאمא@<ل»אCSBمNنوX 7-7X7א+ HوA +<Jא * )?YאX7א0-و(1)«:B®4و E L+ Hאª Ku+Hאe * Cxא 7Vوא<X O NX :6 % «L+*@6ن 3،א ]وd 7و N:و ¶%M 7د#א # S~NC،*Bbوe+א<،*6T84*S7+mو\S3ذ Xא،%ªو (Nن OBa + אL+-وא*-Hوnjאe%ªא`Lو @ ª)Vאh%א* (Ea+وאسو X7א%ªאX rd1 3%אد 3و3+א ،6 6a+وאNr&Bن א@ ?وאنودא ،* @6 A Bونא وאوX6وL ]B א¥אج،و Jא<@A7א:EدC86:و Nאو6dز .(2) N. و Xא@ 3ل 6a + Bא@ N ,نX %א -نא= <א; 6 97:א6 0 8H و ود،6و()Hא C * SHوא ( א OHق@< 6،אa <N: +J08H %| p3 א(EN0$pאX7Vو)4Yא=·و)د3S4دא@ ,אd3IEPk%ن א)Sא\a37I9T. (3) ?&BX%א +@ kאe*6d3وא*:[(,א E X% 3א*OBa+ q6(-،*6T88אL +- وnjאe%ªא`Lوא،©Wو"X7P+א=@OBISא<L+-وE7yjدא;:مJLb،م< =%א0 8H א3ja<Na&JVא"א .U³ و -%و3?&BX%a37*6dא א-ل *@6a+وI*@%א 6C6X% Z9308Hא@9j. + S eن E X%א*6T97*u+Hو (a <NE &7eو #אC - * =+¥ل)(4و S e 7 א E X% *=+¥א @C6C-א< E X%( l*@6a+ (-א9%X%א SHא kא<e S (L+-אX7(q=%08Hא@X7א<،-%وL+79%X% 6C6 M -%א kא+]%S<jو M3 (Pqwbא3=FX%O%=+[Lb،M:&7eM3+<@08Hאن)(5א kو 103* X 7* @69. *6T109وa+ M:و E X%# E *@6*6dאXא،9+و C *6T117*eא* =+¥ Oم E X%אu+Hوو E B7אX%א`0DEא3r kو 3W%وא] . (6)L+ ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6. ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ :ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ. 25 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺃﺒﻭ ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻴﻕ :ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ،ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺩ/ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩ/ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ،ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ،ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻁ ،1990،1ﺹ . 34 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ:ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻠﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ،ﺹ . 34 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ :ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ . 48 ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ:ﺝ ، 1ﺹ . 47 ، 46 ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺩﺒﻭﺯ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ،ﺝ، 2ﻤﺼﺭ ،ﻁ،1963،1ﺹ .222. 14.
(36) و:%A+دא*:m+*-%08Hא;OH%*7:قk7د[ |BX%*E@ S+نزאAدو*h % ،*6T132**7وHאA+@<Bאh% *:¥אE-سوא 8% C)7(@<Bאد4 )NS]4 %، א:%e*&=Bدא S 3[ %#k708Hא 6א# t G :[r ،دول$< *+@< 7ق x وa+ r-<BوSGOBrو S"OBa+א= وא .e@Y وkא E6ونא=<א;?w J97:א`t-%،7^08H%#אC 8وא=@ 9وאو9B 7و א9$BCEאt kא`#א}N،SFe*%8Hن¡AB)Sj3د3شא:<Nل xt. bو(a+ ?bGdא7،08Hא3+Hن@ 3+@Bאא` #א * %8Hو (1) 6 | pنאr $-Bd א<9א%?8 kא´<|א< و@bوود،6و:%ADEFدאIC08HאX 7CT<6d دو*א;:م . و)ن,<BX7א=<א;:E97:دא3$،08Hא´<|א9%8Hو ?8دאو@ -%Mא7 Bج 3%+א ،X6و*)N4 %א-<dא0وאO<Bא*8+א,-j*8*%-א X6א، 6 WوאO<Bא;:م% א "3 -%%ªא،4J:-و)ن;لאe*:¥אOHق4Y-%א=@ISوא OBe#?E )* 7I +- وyא;:موE7د,א*Dא_3$Ab Nא#Neאس،و?Y)AE+JאX7אL=Hא_)# ,AB 6(Y7# 6 *7:L=7א(@-و3Fنא=،tوא@<Bdل| <¡X7א@ * +Eא،* 7Vو] L א%4J:-א E-و%و%א E-وא و*و%אE-دcj,eونא`#وI%א .DDFI%#V و N73א=<?8אe:7jא´<|אA+G،9%8Hא*@$Hوא4O<Bא* %-وאA¡ B @4+א%ªوא،0-وIS@LS7Sو-jאIو[ .IE$ ) (1ﻴﻨﻅﺭ:ﺩ/ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻲ:ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺩﻝﺱ ،ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ،ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ،ﻤﺼﺭ،ﺩﻁ ،ﺩﺕ ،ﺹ.29. 15.
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(38) !. ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ :. JUE6مא و*א<*\ E ScאL<X%Xא=9א(FVא9p%Vא،PkHو 3-6دא=tGe(qدو*א3¥אجאs?،*p%Vאk X%א B%esن»وא <S%Lא ) 7نX 7 37אY 9ن= X%ن–9pא –وCL<47Hو NX77Aא`Tجא*%8Hא kאED$F eS-7وא[א@نאVولא(1)« Txوu+אAEא< @6"9א3"|708Hא|א=<א;97: Mkxא:Eد )G،א +[X%ونذJNuل»:و Jم Eא3"|7*@6 L<X%Xא|א=< ن (2)«S%و دא +[X%ونא3$א| E%א*6א=<א;08+97:و<3$%9Sא|א _ Jم S% ^;?&BX%a37مא=<،,SBذא08H%a% JL<X%و* @bX7(SBא@ ?وאن 7ل L-א3¥אج»k[GאX6 %L<X%א*¥وא(3)«LS7*p%dو)نذ - X %*+ X 7?bG<%u دא *א*p%Vא) kن«<kBo SאOBenאPkHא3 %e9p%Vعא(4) 0 8Hو -6% jE F H 3א،#&Eوא<@3[¶%naאBא4@+Ne*%8HאL+-א_)نX%L+7# E 3%"S+ rO6 135*"*)9%و3t°naqJא3FSa@+4لאPkHא9p%Vوو ،و 3¢ن a + 6O7 6אePkHא،#&Eوkא*77*7Jr xא]3 P@ 3Sد :%دא .08H . وMkeא]و)rنא08Hא;$ pd%¢ -697:א4%وא=a p3א * Xم #$و#d. א S-אX7?[Vא و*א @7a+ *637Vא`#Y*T<B*@6*6d3%Lא=·وא"Vع،و)نא3 ¥אج keאא3+ O6AJ3نA@*63J*p-7אX7?YאS$pdدPBX7א`Lאe 37Vوא[א@نאVول א*)9%X%L+7# E 3%(- Txא) kنPk+mjא OBe =69p%VאePk H "אrא و*א;*7:و a+א:%e[VدאMk7:UOBX7:<[،08Hو - X %*+ 3 ; א،08Hو7مMkא]وADµrא #3א(-*p%Vא3J3<6*%8Hن א<e-دא* א3FX7PkHא3B3»*JOHא A+N*+ *Y-%א#&Eو)ن E LS%X7א .(5)«L<X%X ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5. ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ :ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ . 277 ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ،ﺝ ، 6ﺹ . 246 ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ. 246 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺩ /ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺭﻱ :ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ،ﺹ . 78 ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ :ﺹ .80. 16.
(39) وMk -א*Y-EאYאVو א_د #אe*p%Vא(Y^9S،08Hא; אدא= . . mjصא3-X6kدونE$<%אEH9+-دא،PkHو<3نא E X7*Y-Eא،L<X%Xو LF א א،9وX%( lدאא 8א،97و9%دאودא=Cאو ،و)ن MkIqאX 7* J=<7X)7e*Y-E <I¸~+א،08HوHوMkA+Fא *Y-Eא»#&Eא NSLqBد #א* p%Vو 3 %3א0 $¥ EאX%a+ Vא«)(1و =MkAא´ t °0 @6 7* 3د 3 F x:[AلאPk H. א9p%Vو3Nאلא08Hא*،وPBאVو pع@ مدو *،* p%و9 % jא E 0 $¥ אX%a+ VאאMkx, -Hא و* . . و Hد EאXوز*+M¹:7אX 7L+-א 7E F# &Eא9 %VאP &7Md3 ،0 $¥. א@"a+ Iqא،t+%و -%אa + I:<dא@ ?وאن * 141دאc j#و،SBوX 7א@ ?وאن א<$ع EאL<X%Xن6אPJא08HאVو»PY)X UونOBa+ (-6אPkHא()e9p%V. Mke(2)« 3%א NVאא_ SO6א0 8Hא; A o JA B)،97:א* :¥א; h % *7:. אE-س% S6L+ل*=+m+א=-9%9E-א3&HوC^s63قא-א; D،97:ول +±L و د#وe*F[ Nא08Hא kאX (&=Bא*$+א 8E*6C)Hאد9=،# 7k7א Eא )* 6نא* =+¥ ) "3<%d38O7ندو<و B$+ Lو) OH% p-7*)3 jق،و)* @6A Bوא J0 8H [*$+X Aא*:¥و@*$+AS"3א3¥אجא&= 140**6א_א <* 6 7a + A3 א@?وאن *Fא@%*6d3د#ز S7LS [L b،(zX%LF Sא3 ¥אجא9 %* 7 C%* p%V א E 0$¥א . 141*a + V . وA^HאX7*p%Vא`3% ،Lא E 0$¥אa+ L<X%Xو*6dא@?وאنو د . "אke،t+%אא)AJ3نא*=+¥אs 69 E-ن* jא* :¥א9 q<@* E-א` Cموא& א*7. ;°دא08H%X6,Yو #?]N LSא*:¥א =-3 %( G(3)*6C)HאA O3 &H Jد#وא\&אX% Za+ Vא 144**@6 M £([ ،}-jVوא<@L C%aא* p%V. 9%א0$¥و$% 3zא+<JX7X<»،t+%و3JA<jאMوC7قr3=Fא*p%Vو .(4)«LS7C ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4. ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ :ﺹ . 81 ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ :ﺹ . 83 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ:ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻴﻼﻝﻲ :ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﺩﻝﺱ ﻭﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ،ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ، ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،1982،ﺹ . 69 ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺸﻲ :ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ . 72. 17.
(40) وAB)Hא n-Hو"eא)t+%ن Eא[ JL<X%Xج9 %# Tא،0 $¥و 7ن وIEB<8+%a<Nt%J*6 7(Fא |،*Cxא@ ?وאن +( D،#, b 3و 7و` G%א9pא08HאVو6Uא@¡3 X7* 3אBو»CBل %~ +NL6 @"*6 H"*+EJa+و«LS %. )(1. و[#3א*EkHو)نذ 144*uو|lHא3p%VنD<%ق Eא*SW%L<X%Xא* %8 X7אCWא &Ja<N,وMو¢ jوאز .M . )د9q@6א3E-ن a+دو*אep%Vאyµd3 SHאe(E@< +* 7o* SeL< X%. א08HאVو،Uوnא<| EعאPk Hא 7e9 p%Vن"* 6H"e <7Jو(2)LS + 77M3-6 % »و3א(3)«LS 7# JADEFG 148*4S*6 7ودא xA Bא Hنوא@ sא3א %* -J. אCא0وسو .*+T . (q=Eد E IאL <X%Xو[ ªא *א< $عنt c6ولدو * e*7:. א08HאVو 160*Uوא،x*F 4S*6 7k و)نذk6uא SA * +N7IS<B%B א=ap3وא$pdא*PE%4%و#dא33X0-אLNא08HאVوeUאHא(Nא Ew»،#? [V. 7א3W%Aوא]،L+وeydא 6 S Vא -%Lلوא Hوא .(4)«# . =Mk*+ z9א NVאAGא و*א<*eא@LאX79%8אCWא4 S* 6 70J,. وو|Jא# -S + <[dא <Eא*%3&[S4אVض،وو#א،M Hو 3د#א، Hو) نولI % jعtG3א THאLb|7Wא،43Eو -%אHאא4SAB <،s[Vو*F ADEF א08HאVو (5)Uوא[< Eא 77L< X %Xو3 <% )Nא Oوطא* 3 p3Hא _ S. א3p%Vنeא[<אJ @،*,Vمא;7مא و* E7a+دא* p%Vذ 3 6s3 jS +-א; 7م S \X7*<#3OوM3א@3موI¹א@X% |F73¸a+ (,Eא .(6)−–0$¥ ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6. ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ،ﺝ ، 6ﺹ . 247 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺠﻭﺩﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ :ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ، 1984،ﺹ . 29 ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﺭ :ﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ،ﺹ . 20 ﺠﻭﺩﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ :ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺹ . 63 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺩ /ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻓﺭﻜﻭﺱ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼل ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ،ﻋﻨﺎﺒﺔ ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2005،ﺹ .80 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺩ/ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﻀﻴﻑ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﻭﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ،ﻤﺼﺭ،ﻁ،1995 ،1ﺹ . 30. 18.
(41) . ن EאL<X%Xא;7مאVولeא و*א<*»@3<7א +¡et +-pא* +7V. وא(1)«~-qو Jא(AE&Bא<a + I q@+7א=< *א א[* +و ) 7ن36א א و * $[X 7 [*<& *)|zX7X^)،xsאF-وאa+ 4E&-א[<<(q=%S:א@a+ *,. א -لوאHوאMkxG،#א و*א=<*אX7Vوא@<dא) .(2 . و)ن]BC6مMkא و* 3Ja+א א<0وא*3Jq<@7PNא א<Sد*,אPk H. אjA9p%VאS,rא 7;%P @+6 kم،ذ* :[dوאL * bوא; 7م0 m<Bd% -6 وא=#Iوא،=+X7 S-وO<7ونو3E <ZنوA %I 7א Hل»وe9 p@+א و *א *$+. אk=e*@+$HאNVمא،* Oوe3א36P8ن(X7א%S +Eאس«) .(3 . و3א *77a+א و*א<* E Sc7 -%*,#א» ،L<X%Xلא M -% 7V. א E %א0 3א kא 190* 171X 7N <7و) ن3 =Bذ JMא N <7ود. +ن) .(4 . و -%M S rא@<dא א*p-74)Nא° $pدو36ن»[ 6C6* )N$. X6 X%و< zא_ 3$%S%A7J»*)NLb(5)«**6%Aن3 * +EJא#א9%3 *% q (6)«4Sوu+S Ybא_JمX%~+[S%א9Jjא و*א<* . . ) (1ﺒﺤﺎﺯ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻜﻴﺭ :ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﻏﺭﺩﺍﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،ﻁ ، 1993 ، 2ﺹ . 111 ) (2ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ . 113 ) (3ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻼﻝﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ،ﺝ ،1ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ،ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ،ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻁ ،1965،2ﺹ . 221 ) (4ﻴﻨﻅﺭ:ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﻴﺭﺓ:ﺩﻭﺭ ﺯﻨﺎﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ،ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ،1984،ﺹ .128 . *. ﺍﻝﻨﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ :ﻫﻲ ﻓﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﺎﻅﻴﺔ ،ﺴﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻹﻨﻜﺎﺭﻫﻡ ﺇﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺭﺴﺘﻡ . ) (5ﺩ/ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ :ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﻁ ،1985،2ﺹ . 117 ) (6ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ :ﺹ . 121. 19.
(42) و^Xא;7م EאIdc,4X703א3Yא7(q=%و*NX79و،* Tjو*p;% =eJ3א`0وא*) @،ن@Sود،E6و=+[ 190*eא E X%+%א03ودאم » 240*a<NNو)ن3=BPNFذC776AB))، 3Jد،#وL Ne +Y7 N-6. א و*א<*«) .(1. و)7دA a <N +X % %9 % S 9G6א=ea p3א :EدADE FG،א :Eد: 7ذא <+د،X6و(א uk)7Vنא< @7L+א`3%Lא@]نא X7X^ kض" < -%نذل¢ قא 7( q=%X6, Yو * NX 79و[ e#ªא´ لא G ،9א :EدX 7. وא@<dא،زد4א و*M S eא&<Jد6و(2)@bو -%و 9 %#א@] ن *3 % =+[ 28. ،NوHא <a+א-ش)»ABאVوpعאe* <dא:EدA8+% Jאkوe#א= د«)4 Y(3א ,H. وא=·وא37A%$pא و*M S eد [I % N» 6a + +<@7 sא@] ن9 %X %. א@]ن* .(4)« 294 . و)نkאא 3 J?[Vא`eLא*d،S=Bن 6Nم"+ AE+8a<N:63א= ·. א_א<sOدאe¹א:EدCT-،א@]ن9%X%א@]ن Xאa+ #$אVوpع،وA<+uk%א37V 0FG،M 6X7א و*א<*P&67א ولאX 7*7xא= ·א א[ * p* +ذ 3 Suد #3 א*-Oאא_Mka+ AqJא و*ود[A+א:Eد* "eא6 E-و)نذ . 296*u ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4. ﺭﺍﺒﺢ ﺒﻭﻨﺎﺭ :ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﻪ ،ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،ﻁ ،1985،2ﺹ . 37 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺒﺤﺎﺯ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻜﻴﺭ :ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺹ . 126 ، 125 ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ :ﺹ . 126 ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ :ﺹ . 127. 20.
(43) ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ :. )نא@<Bلא *:¥אLX7E-א3-א(7א_ #G OBa+ 4א و *א <*،وא _. . 3-6دא= E SGe(qאj)،L<X%Xאe} DEא` #א *k m<7،א4 S ،*Fو<(eא_)ن3JאS7א -لوא;[A-BIא **6`%وאX7Vوא@<dא،و 7ن AGא»A+EJa<N*6 Hא@(,Eא*6%ªوא*%-وX7?wא ن U $ a +א Hنو 7 6. אX7S7b Bא Hنאو(1)«*B7و73و 0 8+אVو # NUא< *א،* Jو*6 qN* qSB. A،*+7jא Hنوאزدא-אن،وא4S4S<jא،*F-و &Jאس7()X7ن،و 3 +א a + » Oא Hوא@& 3وא4 C<Hو( &JאL +-و0 %א& a< jX 74א $JVא; *7:. وcjAوSBא&<Jdد(2)«*6وEO»4SADEFو@*E"J0و 8%אدود، O7و) نX 7 S%. א@&3א،*-وאHزلא*-وא-א4وא، Hوא4C<HوMk4C<7EO67א:Eد«) .(3 . و|3א<3نא&<Jدe6א;<BجאCא 3<9אMHو[&*%3אVضوCwא#א،$7Vو kא H. LENא4 S7eA+Y^L-BX7א a + } -% kאزد א :Eد | za +א Hد،X6و) uk LSª¥و)=eLSIא[<7ن *Fدو< @)،LSمeא .}DE . ودL S-אزد eLאCא * ] Lא( -א j;% N:=+973א S+ rو* Sאk Eو. وא<-لאVدوא4وא< mאم لزא #V%אqو)،#و %و*»Iwو)Eאu+<7 X7=b:bL Nא;،(%وX7*,®:bא،L8وאX7=O hbא`?،و)نJ3 u +<X 7LS 7 [4Se%*Fو MkPBא=* א*@E$אa$3א_א<A $ن&( X7XNs3<7 א`#א*SNS+ M \،א*$Eو<7א&#?8وC7א * #? @* @E" µ )، S. א`ل*@E"Lb،א .(4)« E- . و E6ون*א<א_א -%Aل) N J، 6و «Aد3 BعX 7א< 3אزن. א4@E",(=69 <dא´<|א`#א*،وذ37L]<%uאلא#)Cوא& 4Jא_) نL< 6 3زX7S@D<6X7a+ S-6א=@אIوא)Hوא#3)X7،L7a+ %3+8HאI<OوאA6Cא:زم -$+م. و#Bא( OHوא@د(6א) kن(|Wr&6א:Eد,X7א37VאلeאC¥א .(5)X, ) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5. ﺭﺍﺒﺢ ﺒﻭﻨﺎﺭ :ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﻪ ،ﺹ . 43 ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﺭ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ،ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ 2006 ،ﺹ . 72 ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻼﻝﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ . 174 ﺠﻭﺩﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ :ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺹ .54،53 ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺩ /ﺴﻌﺩ ﺯﻏﻠﻭل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ،ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﺼﺭ ، 1979 ،ﺹ . 309. 21.
(44) و*4 Jא<7وXNא* +7-Hא _א EJa + L< h %* , STS<Bل» س و ،*6E<7Fذ)نP E4S<%©-6א %ªوא9 %-وא= 9وא 3دא9Bوא9 p%V. وאhوא9C<-Hوא3Sد وא&א .(1)«9B . وd,<BMkزدא&<Jد *N:X7وC-#زF4دאSووאدא،Sوא <4 Suk%4ª. 4$Zs Nא-א&<Jdد*6א9 S،sªوא *-אk [Vوא،I $-و 3א~ +<m\#7 A B)SJ א|,qEوא،4 3&Hو"قא@3א()D&%*+&<7ABא*@6Iو:%دא3دאنJjو(2)%wو* NBX7 א-אن)،#?Y)SB 7ABאزد،S 4وא|،¹%و%X7ز Mkא Hن،t * 6 7:و אن، א~+Oא*6 Hאq¥א36*7a+ Iموא3،#Cw*6 7،*B+7X7 Nقא¼½ %א،-7،LوX7?wא Hن א،s[Vوkאa@<+74S*6 74 wאX74:Nو Mkא Hن،وX 7א* Nא* ¥א A- 3قא< +#Tو*E7xADEFGد|74dא3دאنوא08Hאa&JVوtB3و:%دאOم،و 8%אدوא،X و)ن7S%א3a+ # 6 9א(NאDEא،U3<Hو،#7 SB3&Nو 7S%و 7אس) .(3 . ) (1ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺸﺎﻭﺵ:ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻌﺭ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻫﺭﺘﻲ،ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻴﺔ،ﻤﺴﺘﻐﺎﻨﻡ،ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ،ﻁ،1966،1ﺹ.33،32 ) (2ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻼﻝﻲ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ،ﺝ ، 1ﺹ . 232 ) (3ﻴﻨﻅﺭ :ﺩ /ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻓﺭﻜﻭﺱ :ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼل ،ﺹ . 83،82. 22.
(45) ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ :. . אA$Eא`#א=L<h%& e*6א?E)"EאPkH%א،9 p%Vوذא) نא9 p%VאVول. X7X^ J -X%*+7א[<M9@<-7X7*-%א،*p%Vو"LS+ +א* +Lא )،L +- @ مذ)،Mو 4אa@+<<*+ *Y-%(ja+ #&EאL+-و3Fk[GلאPk Hوو &7X 7دM א*JOHא،*+FVو NدMk4א * Wא*@bOBe4 %08Hא3%PkHא A B)4 @+N*$ 3%X7X)7# e @-عא،08Hو Mkא`L + t6 <%L< SA B)4 @+א3 FVلوא= وع،وא ?. وא<، N3وא*-6OوoאIא=ق،و 3+مא*8+وאMkAB(1)4p6א` H)4@+אس S<E+"X @ +. א3+-مא@*+وאC )7A B))*+@-א<L +-א، %ªوMk 4 b¢א` e4 @+ن: %دא0 8H אVو،Uو[ª7A@+אE%t<+عאPk Hא9 p%Vو %א= قوאk HאPא* )s [Vא* H وא*C<-Hوא*-Oא_)9ABאs[Vول .(2)OB . و Jא<3نא´لMkxא=قوאkHא @-PאHא4و4+א Wلא،*+63$و7Ew. )ن I+אMke"*p%VאI@+א،4و)kא&Hدu+א#Hא_א،* +63"#f4 <7و) نא; 7م Eא E X%03אL<X%Xא;7مא،S: 7s Ne"9BYو ) HنאPk Hא9 p%V ª<-6א*-Hא= +*6و*א<* %d:ن3F ?OBوE7د .&<[%, א)2א :+01 3-دMkא<* [N 37*"=F"*-J37ج ?7a+אP "9 %X %9+ 7cH 3B)X* zא،-7و دא+$&79B<SOא3¥אج@3ل[X7()»:ج a+א;7مא`א kא=@A א3[a6+ * Wא)Iنא¥وج6eمא&a+ *%Dא*,Vאא،X6 jو)نa+ L -%א<-%. N¶%ن«)(3وא3¥אج ق -<7دLS 7#א* ³وאVزא* Jوא Tא4وא* SEوא T-د#وא* E-Yو. Y X7 ªنو 9+و37 @6نذa+ u א*p%Vوא&=*6وא3JEنو ،LSو)(Mkא=ق«LS-א@3ل¢ <% )(" *و3DD&6dنאa+ d4D)Hذ،uو= 6ون0DFא،,Eو6ونא¥وج a+א;7مذא[ ~ א*@Nووא(4)EوאX7*J*p%Vא3¥אج . . ) (1ﻴﻨﻅـﺭ :ﺩ/ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺭﻱ :ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ،ﺹ.236 ، 235 ) (2ﻴﻨﻅــﺭ :ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ :ﺹ . 236 ) (3ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ :ﺍﻝﻤﻠل ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺤل ،ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻭﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺼﺩﻗﻲ ﺠﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺭ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ، ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ،ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ،ﻁ ،2002،2ﺹ. 92 ) (4ﻴﻨﻅــﺭ:ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴـﻪ :ﺹ.93. 23.
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