Le canal du Midi à Toulouse, entre modernisation et patrimonialisation : le projet d'autoroute du canal de 1962 à 1983

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(1)Le canal du Midi à Toulouse, entre modernisation et patrimonialisation : le projet d’autoroute du canal de 1962 à 1983 Juliette Saunier. To cite this version: Juliette Saunier. Le canal du Midi à Toulouse, entre modernisation et patrimonialisation : le projet d’autoroute du canal de 1962 à 1983. Architecture, aménagement de l’espace. 2016. �dumas-01764969�. HAL Id: dumas-01764969 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01764969 Submitted on 12 Apr 2018. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright.

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(4) IO. AT. N. // Le projet d’autoroute du Canal de 1962 à 1983 //. Mots-clés : Canal du Midi, automobile, heritage, environment, urban planning. Juliette Saunier. Séminaire. Architecture,. Territoires,. Sociétés. a.a.2015-2016. //. Responsable. :. Enrico. Chapel. Mots-clés : Canal du Midi, automobile, patrimonialisation, environnement, projet urbain. //. Equipe. pédagogique. :. Laurence. Chevallier,. Stéphane. Gruet,. Anne. Péré,. Constance. Ringon. //. D NA O LE Résumé: Summary: C A Toulouse comme en France les années 1960 sont marquées parUune volonté In Toulouse and in France, 1960s are characterized by a will of modernisation M SL’avenir Ude mo-du dernisation qui se traduit notamment par la généralisation de l’automobile. which led in particular to an automobile spread . Although the «Canal du Midi» has PE Epar canal du midi pourtant ancré depuis 1681 dans la ville est alors menacé un projet existed since 1681 in Toulouse, his future was threatened by an highway project . N d’autoroute dans son lit. Mais en 1973, le projet en étude depuis une dizaine d’annéesR However after over a decade of studies the project was abandonned in 1973. T est abandonné. Alors que le canal fête ses 350 ans et que la ville organise des manifes- I While the canal is celebrating its 350th anniversary and the town is organizing SO EU tations autour de cet élément emblématique, nous pouvons nous questionner: Comment events, we can ask several questions: How did the context evolved? What was le revirement de contexte autour du canal s’est il produit? Quels ont été les rôles des LQÀXHQFH RI UHOHYDQW DFWRUV" $QG WKHQ KDV WKH FDQDO UHDOO\ EHHQ VDYHG" 7KDQNV U RE WKH DFWHXUV"(WHQ¿QOHFDQDODWLOpWpUpHOOHPHQWVDXYp"/¶pWXGHGHQRPEUHX[GRFXPHQWV M to municipal archives the perilous adventure of the canal since 1965 to 1983 has des archives municipales de Toulouse permet de retracer l’aventure périlleuse du canal studied. The panel of sources (exchanges between actors, plans, article) alIS Dbeen de 1962 à 1983. La diversité des documents étudiés (échanges entre acteurs, plans et lows to get to the heart of decision-making having also population feedbacks. FinalAU ly'AtheRsite analysis adds the lanscape dimension of the canal which is its heart. articles de presse) permet d’être au coeur des prises de décisions tout en ayant les échos SRSXODLUHV(Q¿QODGLPHQVLRQSD\VDJqUHHVWDSSRUWpHjWUDYHUVXQHDQDO\VHVXUVLWH D CH R IT O E IT C D TU 'A R U E TE D U E R T O U LO U SE. LE. C O. Le canal du Midi àE Toulouse.

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(12) 1. D NA O LE C U S M U EN PE T RI SO EU U RE M IS D AU 'AR D CH R IT O E IT C D TU 'A R U E TE D U E R T. O. U LO. U SE. SOMMAIRE. 0. INTRODUCTION. PROBLÉMATIQUE & HYPOTHÈSE. 3. MÉTHODE DE RECHERCHE. 4. CORPUS. 5. 7. I. UNE COURSE GÉNÉRALE À LA MONDIALISATION. 1 - UN CONTEXTE NATIONAL DE CROISSANCE. 18. II. LES MUTATIONS DU CANAL DU MIDI SOUS L’INFLUENCE DU CONTEXTE DE MODERNISATION. 1 - PLACE DU CANAL DU MIDI DANS TOULOUSE A - Un Canal qui perd sa fonction d’infrastructure de transport fluvial. 18. B - Un Canal dont le positionnement est stratégique. 19. 2 - LES GRANDES ÉTAPES DU PROJET UTILISANT LE CANAL COMME VOIE ROUTIÈRE 19 A - 1958 : Un changement de municipalité essentiel dans le projet du Canal. 20. B - 1962 : Les premières esquisses du projet d’autoroute du Canal. 23. 7. B - L’automobile au centre des préoccupations. 7. C - L’influence du modèle américain : «expressway». C - 1965 : L’autoroute dans le Canal est concrétisée dans le schéma BADANI. 25. 10. D - 1966 - 1967 : Des discussions sur la réalisation de l’autoroute dans le Canal. 27. D - Rapport Buchaman : l’automobilisation, une préoccupation européenne. 11. E - Juillet 1968 : Le groupe de travail Loriferme rend son étude. 29. F - Août 1968 : Le futur engagé. 31. G - 1971 : Des études pour la réalisation de voies sur berges. 32. EC O. LE. N. AT. IO. A - Une croissance qui implique de reconsidérer la politique d’aménagement du territoire. 2 - TOULOUSE DOIT SE MODERNISER POUR 12 NE PAS RESTER EN RETRAIT. 3 - DES NÉGOCIATIONS INSTRUCTIONS. ENTRE. LES 36. A - Croissance économique et démographique de Toulouse. 12. B - Toulouse est désignée comme métropole d’équilibre. A - L’état et le Consortium pour la modernisation des Voies Navigable. 13. C - Un état de la voirie problématique. 13. B - Le Groupe Central de Planification Urbaine 37 et de la Municipalité C - L’état de Municipalité. 36. 38.

(13) U SE U LO O D NA O LE C U S M U EN PE T RI SO EU U RE M IS D AU 'AR D CH R IT O E IT C D TU 'A R U E TE D U E R T. 39. III. UNE PRISE DE CONSCIENCE DU PATRIMOINE CONDUISANT À UN ÉTAT MIXTE DU CANAL. 1 - DANS LES ANNÉES 1970, LE PATRIMOINE ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT COMMENCENT À FAIRE PARTIE DES DÉBATS. AT. IO. 2 - À LA FIN DES ANNÉES 1970, PRISE DE CONSCIENCE DU PATRIMOINE ET DE 42 L’ENVIRONNEMENT. LE. N. 3 - MAIS LES MODIFICATIONS SUR LE CANAL 45 ONT ÉTÉ RÉALISÉES A - Bétonnisation des Berges du Canal. 45 52. C - Adaptation des ponts à l’autoroute. 55. EC O. B - Modernisation partielle du Canal. 64 67 70. IV. CONCLUSION. V. BIBLIOGRAPHIE. VI. TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS.

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